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Tseng YH, Rouina H, Groten K, Rajani P, Furch ACU, Reichelt M, Baldwin IT, Nataraja KN, Uma Shaanker R, Oelmüller R. An Endophytic Trichoderma Strain Promotes Growth of Its Hosts and Defends Against Pathogen Attack. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:573670. [PMID: 33424876 PMCID: PMC7793846 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.573670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plants host numerous endophytic microbes which promote plant performance, in particular under stress. A new endophytic fungus was isolated from the leaves of a deciduous wood tree Leucas aspera. Morphological inspection and multilocus phylogeny identified the fungus as a new Trichoderma strain. If applied to Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana attenuata, it mainly colonizes their roots and strongly promotes initial growth of the plants on soil. The fungus grows on high NaCl or mannitol concentrations, and shows predatory capability on the pathogenic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. Colonized Arabidopsis plants tolerate higher salt stress and show lower A. brassicicola spread in roots and shoots, while arbuscular mycorrhiza formation in N. attenuata is not affected by the Trichoderma strain. These beneficial features of the novel Trichoderma strain are important prerequisites for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Heng Tseng
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Hamid Rouina
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Karin Groten
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Pijakala Rajani
- School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru, India
| | - Alexandra C. U. Furch
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ian T. Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Karaba N. Nataraja
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru, India
| | - Ramanan Uma Shaanker
- School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru, India
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru, India
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Santhanam R, Menezes RC, Grabe V, Li D, Baldwin IT, Groten K. A suite of complementary biocontrol traits allows a native consortium of root-associated bacteria to protect their host plant from a fungal sudden-wilt disease. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:1154-1169. [PMID: 30633416 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of plant--bacterial interactions in controlling plant pests have been extensively studied with single bacterial isolates. However, in nature, bacteria interact with plants in multitaxa consortia, systems which remain poorly understood. Previously, we demonstrated that a consortium of five native bacterial isolates protected their host plant Nicotiana attenuata from a sudden wilt disease. Here we explore the mechanisms behind the protection effect against the native pathosystem. Three members of the consortium, Pseudomonas azotoformans A70, P. frederiksbergensis A176 and Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus E46, form biofilms when grown individually in vitro, and the amount of biofilm increased synergistically in the five-membered consortium, including two Bacillus species, B. megaterium and B. mojavensis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and scanning electron microscopy in planta imaging techniques confirmed biofilm formation and revealed locally distinct distributions of the five bacterial strains colonizing different areas on the plant-root surface. One of the five isolates, K1 B. mojavensis produces the antifungal compound surfactin, under in vitro and in vivo conditions, clearly inhibiting fungal growth. Furthermore, isolates A70 and A176 produce siderophores under in vitro conditions. Based on these results we infer that the consortium of five bacterial isolates protects its host against fungal phytopathogens via complementary traits. The study should encourage researchers to create synthetic communities from native strains of different genera to improve bioprotection against wilting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Santhanam
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Riya C Menezes
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Veit Grabe
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Karin Groten
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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McGale E, Diezel C, Schuman MC, Baldwin IT. Cry1Ac production is costly for native plants attacked by non-Cry1Ac-targeted herbivores in the field. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:714-727. [PMID: 29754424 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants are the primary producers in most terrestrial ecosystems and have complex defense systems to protect their produce. Defense-deficient, high-yielding agricultural monocultures attract abundant nonhuman consumers, but are alternatively defended through pesticide application and genetic engineering to produce insecticidal proteins such as Cry1Ac (Bacillus thuringiensis). These approaches alter the balance between yield protection and maximization but have been poorly contextualized to known yield-defense trade-offs in wild plants. The native plant Nicotiana attenuata was used to compare yield benefits of plants transformed to be defenseless to those with a full suite of naturally evolved defenses, or additionally transformed to ectopically produce Cry1Ac. An insecticide treatment allowed us to examine yield under different herbivore loads in N. attenuata's native habitat. Cry1Ac, herbivore damage, and growth parameters were monitored throughout the season. Biomass and reproductive correlates were measured at season end. Non-Cry1Ac-targeted herbivores dominated on noninsecticide-treated plants, and increased the yield drag of Cry1Ac-producing plants in comparison with endogenously defended or undefended plants. Insecticide-sprayed Cry1Ac-producing plants lagged less in stalk height, shoot biomass, and flower production. In direct comparison with the endogenous defenses of a native plant, Cry1Ac production did not provide yield benefits for plants under observed herbivore loads in a field study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica McGale
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, Jena, 07745, Thüringen, Germany
| | - Celia Diezel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, Jena, 07745, Thüringen, Germany
| | - Meredith C Schuman
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, Jena, 07745, Thüringen, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, Jena, 07745, Thüringen, Germany
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Hu D, Fan Y, Tan Y, Tian Y, Liu N, Wang L, Zhao D, Wang C, Wu A. Metabolic Profiling on Alternaria Toxins and Components of Xinjiang Jujubes Incubated with Pathogenic Alternaria alternata and Alternaria tenuissima via Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8466-8474. [PMID: 28882039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Xinjiang jujubes (Zizyphus rhamnaceae) are important agro-economical foods with the highest planting area and yields in China; however, black spot disease and contaminated Alternaria toxins have unfortunately caused a decline or loss of jujube nutritional quality in recent years. In this study, we used ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry to profile both Alternaria toxins and components in three representative Xinjiang jujubes, Hami Huang, Hetian Jun, and Ruoqiang Hui. Before liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, jujubes were inoculated with two main pathogens of Alternaria alternata (Aa) and Alternaria tenuissima (At). Different combinations of jujube varieties with pathogenic isolates display different metabolic profiles, as expected. Moreover, four major Alternaria toxins, alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene, and tenuazonic acid, were detected in all samples. The inoculation of both pathogens significantly decreased the levels of nutrients and metabolites in jujube, including four saponins, three organic acids, and three alkaloids, whereas it increased the level of several glycerol phosphates. The flavonoid profiles are diverse. Lastly, inoculation of Aa changes more metabolites in jujubes than At. Our data provide insights to better understand the detrimental contamination of Alternaria pathogens in Xinjiang jujubes and improve food safety of jujubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqiang Hu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Fan
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanglan Tan
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tian
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Wang
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Duoyong Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, People's Republic of China
| | - Aibo Wu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
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