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Treydte K, Lehmann MM, Wyczesany T, Pfautsch S. Radial and axial water movement in adult trees recorded by stable isotope tracing. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2248-2261. [PMID: 34100071 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of trees to release water from storage compartments into the transpiration stream can mitigate damage to hydraulic functioning. However, the location of these 'transient' water sources and also the pathways of water movement other than vertical through tree stems still remain poorly understood. We conducted an experiment on two tree species in a common garden in eastern Australia that naturally grow in regions of high (Eucalyptus tereticornis, 'Red Gum') and low (Eucalyptus sideroxylon, 'Ironbark') annual precipitation rates. Deuterium-enriched water (1350% label strength) was directly introduced into the transpiration stream of three trees per species for four consecutive days. Subsequently, the trees were felled, woody tissue samples were collected from different heights and azimuthal positions of the stems, and stable isotope ratios were determined on the water extracted from all samples. The presence/absence of the tracer along the radial and vertical stem axes in combination with xylem hydraulic properties inferred from sapflow, leaf and stem water potentials, wood moisture contents and anatomical sapwood characteristics elucidated species-specific patterns of short-term stem water storage and movement. The distribution of water isotopes at natural abundance among woody tissues indicated systematic differences with highest values of sapwood water and lower values in inner bark and heartwood. Presence of tracer in water of the inner bark highlighted the importance of this tissue as capacitor. Although injected at the northern side of stems, tracer was also discovered at the southern side, providing empirical evidence for circumferential flow in sapwood, particularly of Ironbark. Greater vertical water transport in Red Gum compared with more radial and circumferential water transport in Ironbark were associated with species-specific sapwood anatomy. Our study highlights the value of combining information from stable isotope tracers and wood anatomy to investigate patterns of water transport and storage of tall trees in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Treydte
- Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz Wyczesany
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sebastian Pfautsch
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Urban Studies, School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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2
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Losso A, Bär A, Unterholzner L, Bahn M, Mayr S. Branch water uptake and redistribution in two conifers at the alpine treeline. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22560. [PMID: 34799592 PMCID: PMC8604952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During winter, conifers at the alpine treeline suffer dramatic losses of hydraulic conductivity, which are successfully recovered during late winter. Previous studies indicated branch water uptake to support hydraulic recovery. We analyzed water absorption and redistribution in Picea abies and Larix decidua growing at the treeline by in situ exposure of branches to δ2H-labelled water. Both species suffered high winter embolism rates (> 40-60% loss of conductivity) and recovered in late winter (< 20%). Isotopic analysis showed water to be absorbed over branches and redistributed within the crown during late winter. Labelled water was redistributed over 425 ± 5 cm within the axes system and shifted to the trunk, lower and higher branches (tree height 330 ± 40 cm). This demonstrated relevant branch water uptake and re-distribution in treeline conifers. The extent of water absorption and re-distribution was species-specific, with L. decidua showing higher rates. In natura, melting snow might be the prime source for absorbed and redistributed water, enabling embolism repair and restoration of water reservoirs prior to the vegetation period. Pronounced water uptake in the deciduous L. decidua indicated bark to participate in the process of water absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Losso
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia.
| | - Andreas Bär
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Mayr
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Cui J, Lide T, Yu W. Organic contamination in online laser-based plant stem and leaf water isotope measurements for pre-extracted samples. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2021; 57:262-270. [PMID: 33594914 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2021.1883010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water stable isotopes have been widely used as natural tracers to investigate soil-plant-atmosphere interactions. Recent developments in induction module cavity ring-down spectroscopy (IM-CRDS) have made it possible to rapidly complete isotope analyses, and to combust co-extracted organic compounds at the same time. However, the agreement between IM-CRDS and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) analyses has generally been poor and was primarily attributable to spectral interference of IM-CRDS. Here we evaluated the impacts of organic contamination on the isotope ratios using IM-CRDS with two different methods. No spectral interference was observed for solid samples measured directly by IM-CRDS, whereas clear organic contamination occurred in isotope analyses for pre-extracted plant stem and leaf samples. Our results demonstrate that IM-CRDS can fully combust co-extracted organic compounds by in-line oxidation in the direct measurement of solid samples, although this may not guarantee that the IM-CRDS can obtain better isotopic data than IRMS. It may be risky to evaluate the performance of IM-CRDS by measuring pre-extracted water samples because cryogenic vacuum distillation is likely to introduce extra organic compounds, which may not be fully removed during subsequent IM-CRDS measurement. In addition, spectral variables are useful for post-processing corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangpeng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Environment Change and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Lide
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Environment Change and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wusheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Environment Change and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Kannenberg SA, Fiorella RP, Anderegg WRL, Monson RK, Ehleringer JR. Seasonal and diurnal trends in progressive isotope enrichment along needles in two pine species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:143-155. [PMID: 33058213 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Craig-Gordon type (C-G) leaf water isotope enrichment models assume a homogeneous distribution of enriched water across the leaf surface, despite observations that Δ18 O can become increasingly enriched from leaf base to tip. Datasets of this 'progressive isotope enrichment' are limited, precluding a comprehensive understanding of (a) the magnitude and variability of progressive isotope enrichment, and (b) how progressive enrichment impacts the accuracy of C-G leaf water model predictions. Here, we present observations of progressive enrichment in two conifer species that capture seasonal and diurnal variability in environmental conditions. We further examine which leaf water isotope models best capture the influence of progressive enrichment on bulk needle water Δ18 O. Observed progressive enrichment was large and equal in magnitude across both species. The magnitude of this effect fluctuated seasonally in concert with vapour pressure deficit, but was static in the face of diurnal cycles in meteorological conditions. Despite large progressive enrichment, three variants of the C-G model reasonably successfully predicted bulk needle Δ18 O. Our results thus suggest that the presence of progressive enrichment does not impact the predictive success of C-G models, and instead yields new insight regarding the physiological and anatomical mechanisms that cause progressive isotope enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Kannenberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Richard P Fiorella
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Russell K Monson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - James R Ehleringer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Zhu Z, Yin X, Song X, Wang B, Ma R, Zhao Y, Rani A, Wang Y, Yan Q, Jing S, Gessler A, Zhou Y. Leaf transition from heterotrophy to autotrophy is recorded in the intraleaf C, H and O isotope patterns of leaf organic matter. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8840. [PMID: 32441059 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Quantitatively relating 13 C/12 C, 2 H/1 H and 18 O/16 O ratios of plant α-cellulose and 2 H/1 H of n-alkanes to environmental conditions and metabolic status should ideally be based on the leaf, the plant organ most sensitive to environmental change. The fact that leaf organic matter is composed of isotopically different heterotrophic and autotrophic components means that it is imperative that one be able to disentangle the relative heterotrophic and autotrophic contributions to leaf organic matter. METHODS We tackled this issue by two-dimensional sampling of leaf water and α-cellulose, and specific n-alkanes from greenhouse-grown immature and mature and field-grown mature banana leaves, taking advantage of their large areas and thick waxy layers. Leaf water, α-cellulose and n-alkane isotope ratios were then characterized using elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) or gas chromatography IRMS. A three-member (heterotrophy, autotrophy and photoheterotrophy) conceptual linear mixing model was then proposed for disentangling the relative contributions of the three trophic modes. RESULTS We discovered distinct spatial leaf water, α-cellulose and n-alkane isotope ratio patterns that varied with leaf developmental stages. We inferred from the conceptual model that, averaged over the leaf blade, only 20% of α-cellulose in banana leaf is autotrophically laid down in both greenhouse-grown and field-grown banana leaves, while approximately 60% and 100% of n-alkanes are produced autotrophically in greenhouse-grown and field-grown banana leaves, respectively. There exist distinct lateral (edge to midrib) gradients in autotrophic contributions of α-cellulose and n-alkanes. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to establish quantitative isotope-environment relationships should take into account the fact that the evaporative leaf water 18 O and 2 H enrichment signal recorded in autotrophically laid down α-cellulose is significantly diluted by the heterotrophically formed α-cellulose. The δ2 H value of field-grown mature banana leaf n-alkanes is much more sensitive than α-cellulose as a recorder of the growth environment. Quantitative isotope-environment relationship based on greenhouse-grown n-alkane δ2 H values may not be reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhu
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xijie Yin
- Laboratory of Marine & Coastal Geology, MNR Third Institute of Oceanology, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xin Song
- School of Life and Marine Sciences, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Road, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ran Ma
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Andleeb Rani
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Qiulin Yan
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Su Jing
- Laboratory of Marine & Coastal Geology, MNR Third Institute of Oceanology, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Youping Zhou
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
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Cui J, Tian L. Temperature issues in online extraction of water from plant and soil for stable isotope analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8750. [PMID: 32048358 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangpeng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Environment Change and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lide Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Environment Change and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
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7
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Earles JM, Buckley TN, Brodersen CR, Busch FA, Cano FJ, Choat B, Evans JR, Farquhar GD, Harwood R, Huynh M, John GP, Miller ML, Rockwell FE, Sack L, Scoffoni C, Struik PC, Wu A, Yin X, Barbour MM. Embracing 3D Complexity in Leaf Carbon-Water Exchange. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:15-24. [PMID: 30309727 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are a nexus for the exchange of water, carbon, and energy between terrestrial plants and the atmosphere. Research in recent decades has highlighted the critical importance of the underlying biophysical and anatomical determinants of CO2 and H2O transport, but a quantitative understanding of how detailed 3D leaf anatomy mediates within-leaf transport has been hindered by the lack of a consensus framework for analyzing or simulating transport and its spatial and temporal dynamics realistically, and by the difficulty of measuring within-leaf transport at the appropriate scales. We discuss how recent technological advancements now make a spatially explicit 3D leaf analysis possible, through new imaging and modeling tools that will allow us to address long-standing questions related to plant carbon-water exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mason Earles
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Equal contribution
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, CA 95916, USA; Equal contribution
| | - Craig R Brodersen
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Florian A Busch
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Action, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - F Javier Cano
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Action, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Graham D Farquhar
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Action, ACT 0200, Australia
| | | | - Minh Huynh
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Grace P John
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Megan L Miller
- College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Fulton E Rockwell
- Department of Organism and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Paul C Struik
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Wu
- Centre for Plant Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Margaret M Barbour
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; www.sydney.edu.au/science/people/margaret.barbour.
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Dew-induced transpiration suppression impacts the water and isotope balances of Colocasia leaves. Oecologia 2018; 187:1041-1051. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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