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Chen L, Wu X, Zhang M, Yang L, Ji Z, Chen R, Cao Y, Huang J, Duan Q. Genome-Wide Identification of BrCMF Genes in Brassica rapa and Their Expression Analysis under Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1118. [PMID: 38674527 PMCID: PMC11054530 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
CCT MOTIF FAMILY (CMF) genes belong to the CCT gene family and have been shown to play a role in diverse processes, such as flowering time and yield regulation, as well as responses to abiotic stresses. CMF genes have not yet been identified in Brassica rapa. A total of 25 BrCMF genes were identified in this study, and these genes were distributed across eight chromosomes. Collinearity analysis revealed that B. rapa and Arabidopsis thaliana share many homologous genes, suggesting that these genes have similar functions. According to sequencing analysis of promoters, several elements are involved in regulating the expression of genes that mediate responses to abiotic stresses. Analysis of the tissue-specific expression of BrCMF14 revealed that it is highly expressed in several organs. The expression of BrCMF22 was significantly downregulated under salt stress, while the expression of BrCMF5, BrCMF7, and BrCMF21 was also significantly reduced under cold stress. The expression of BrCMF14 and BrCMF5 was significantly increased under drought stress, and the expression of BrCMF7 was upregulated. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that A. thaliana homologs of BrCMF interacted with genes involved in the abiotic stress response. In conclusion, BrCMF5, BrCMF7, BrCMF14, BrCMF21, and BrCMF22 appear to play a role in responses to abiotic stresses. The results of this study will aid future investigations of CCT genes in B. rapa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhan Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (L.C.); (X.W.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.J.); (R.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (L.C.); (X.W.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.J.); (R.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Meiqi Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (L.C.); (X.W.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.J.); (R.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (L.C.); (X.W.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.J.); (R.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zhaojing Ji
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (L.C.); (X.W.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.J.); (R.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (L.C.); (X.W.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.J.); (R.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yunyun Cao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (L.C.); (X.W.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.J.); (R.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jiabao Huang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (L.C.); (X.W.); (M.Z.); (L.Y.); (Z.J.); (R.C.); (Y.C.)
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Fan X, Wang P, Qi F, Hu Y, Li S, Zhang J, Liang L, Zhang Z, Liu J, Xiong L, Xing Y. The CCT transcriptional activator Ghd2 constantly delays the heading date by upregulating CO3 in rice. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:755-764. [PMID: 36906137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
CONSTANS, CO-like, and TOC1 (CCT) family genes play important roles in regulating heading date, which exerts a large impact on the regional and seasonal adaptation of rice. Previous studies have shown that Grain number, plant height, and heading date2 (Ghd2) exhibits a negative response to drought stress by directly upregulating Rubisco activase and exerting a negative effect on heading date. However, the target gene of Ghd2 regulating heading date is still unknown. In this study, CO3 is identified by analyzing Ghd2 ChIP-seq data. Ghd2 activates CO3 expression by binding to the CO3 promoter through its CCT domain. EMSA experiments show that the motif CCACTA in the CO3 promoter was recognized by Ghd2. A comparison of the heading dates among plants with CO3 knocked out or overexpressed and double-mutants with Ghd2 overexpressed and CO3 knocked out shows that CO3 negatively and constantly regulates flowering by repressing the transcription of Ehd1, Hd3a, and RFT1. In addition, the target genes of CO3 are explored via a comprehensive analysis of DAP-seq and RNA-seq data. Taken together, these results suggest that Ghd2 directly binds to the downstream gene CO3, and the Ghd2-CO3 module constantly delays heading date via the Ehd1-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Feixiang Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shuangle Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Liwen Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhanyi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Juhong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yongzhong Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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3
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Su L, Guo D, Wan H, Wang P, Cao L, Long Y, Chen C, Song Y, Zhang Y, Zeng C, Guo R, Liu X. Transcriptomic and metabolomic insights into the defense response to HFRs in Arabidopsis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114736. [PMID: 36905847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), Tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA), Tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) and their derivatives as the most widely used halogenated flame retardants (HFR), had been employed in the manufacturing industry to raise fire safety. HFRs have been shown to be developmentally toxic to animals and also affect plant growth. However, little was known about the molecular mechanism responded by when plants were treated with these compounds. In this study, when Arabidopsis was exposed to four HFRs (TBBPA, TCBPA, TBBPS-MDHP, TBBPS), the stress of these compounds had different inhibitory effects on seed germination and plant growth. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis showed that all four HFRs could influence the expression of transmembrane transporters to affect ion transport, Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, Plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signalling pathway and other pathways. In addition, the effects of different kinds of HFR on plants also have variant characteristics. It is very fascinating that Arabidopsis shows the response of biotic stress after exposure to these kinds of compounds, including the immune mechanism. Overall, the findings of the mechanism recovered by methods of transcriptome and metabolome analysis supplied a vital insight into the molecular perspective for Arabidopsis response to HFRs stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufang Su
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Heping Wan
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Lan Cao
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yanmin Long
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Chaohui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Photoelectric Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yangyang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Changli Zeng
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Rui Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
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Pokotylo I, Hodges M, Kravets V, Ruelland E. A ménage à trois: salicylic acid, growth inhibition, and immunity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:460-471. [PMID: 34872837 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone almost exclusively associated with the promotion of immunity. It is also known that SA has a negative impact on plant growth, yet only limited efforts have been dedicated to explain this facet of SA action. In this review, we focus on SA-related reduced growth and discuss whether it is a regulated process and if the role of SA in immunity imperatively comes with growth suppression. We highlight molecular targets of SA that interfere with growth and describe scenarios where SA can improve plant immunity without a growth penalty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pokotylo
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NASU, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Michael Hodges
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR CNRS 9213, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Université d'Evry, Université de Paris, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Volodymyr Kravets
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NASU, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Eric Ruelland
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue du Docteur Schweitzer, 60203 Compiègne, France.
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5
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Monson RK, Trowbridge AM, Lindroth RL, Lerdau MT. Coordinated resource allocation to plant growth-defense tradeoffs. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1051-1066. [PMID: 34614214 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant resource allocation patterns often reveal tradeoffs that favor growth (G) over defense (D), or vice versa. Ecologists most often explain G-D tradeoffs through principles of economic optimality, in which negative trait correlations are attributed to the reconciliation of fitness costs. Recently, researchers in molecular biology have developed 'big data' resources including multi-omic (e.g. transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic) studies that describe the cellular processes controlling gene expression in model species. In this synthesis, we bridge ecological theory with discoveries in multi-omics biology to better understand how selection has shaped the mechanisms of G-D tradeoffs. Multi-omic studies reveal strategically coordinated patterns in resource allocation that are enabled by phytohormone crosstalk and transcriptional signal cascades. Coordinated resource allocation justifies the framework of optimality theory, while providing mechanistic insight into the feedbacks and control hubs that calibrate G-D tradeoff commitments. We use the existing literature to describe the coordinated resource allocation hypothesis (CoRAH) that accounts for balanced cellular controls during the expression of G-D tradeoffs, while sustaining stored resource pools to buffer the impacts of future stresses. The integrative mechanisms of the CoRAH unify the supply- and demand-side perspectives of previous G-D tradeoff theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell K Monson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Amy M Trowbridge
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Richard L Lindroth
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Manuel T Lerdau
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
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Yang C, Yan W, Chang H, Sun C. Arabidopsis CIA2 and CIL have distinct and overlapping functions in regulating chloroplast and flower development. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e380. [PMID: 35106435 PMCID: PMC8786619 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis CHLOROPLAST IMPORT APPARATUS 2 (CIA2) and its paralogous protein CIA2-LIKE (CIL) are nuclear transcription factors containing a C-terminal CCT motif. CIA2 promotes the expression of nuclear genes encoding chloroplast-localized translocons and ribosomal proteins, thereby increasing the efficiency of protein import and synthesis in chloroplasts. We have previously reported that CIA2 and CIL form a homodimer or heterodimer through their C-terminal sequences and interact with other nuclear proteins, such as CONSTANS (CO), via their N-terminal sequences, but the function of CIL had remained unclear. In this study, we verified through transgenic cia2 mutant plants expressing the CIL coding sequence that CIL is partially functionally redundant to CIA2 during vegetative growth. We also compared phenotypes and gene expression profiles of wildtype Col-0, cia2, cil, and cia2/cil mutants. Our results indicate that CIA2 and CIL coordinate chloroplast biogenesis and function mainly by upregulating the expression of the nuclear factor GOLDEN2-LIKE 1 (GLK1) and chloroplast transcription-, translation-, protein import-, and photosynthesis-related genes, with CIA2 playing a more crucial role. Furthermore, we compared flowering phenotypes in single, double, and triple mutant plants of co, cia2, and cil. We found that CIA2 and CIL participate in modulating long-day floral development. Notably, CIA2 increases flower number and height of the inflorescence main axis, whereas CIL promotes flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Yen Yang
- Department of Life SciencesNational Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wen‐You Yan
- Department of Life SciencesNational Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hsin‐Yen Chang
- Department of Life SciencesNational Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Wen Sun
- Department of Life SciencesNational Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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Chen K, Su C, Tang W, Zhou Y, Xu Z, Chen J, Li H, Chen M, Ma Y. Nuclear transport factor GmNTF2B-1 enhances soybean drought tolerance by interacting with oxidoreductase GmOXR17 to reduce reactive oxygen species content. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:740-759. [PMID: 33978999 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a critical abiotic stressor that modulates soybean yield. Drought stress drastically enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and maintaining ROS content above a cytostatic level but below a cytotoxic level is essential for normal biology processes in plants. At present, most of the known ROS-scavenging systems are in the cytoplasm, and the mechanism of ROS regulation in the nucleus remains unclear. GmNTF2B-1 is a member of the IV subgroup in the nucleus transporter family. Its expression is localized to the roots and is stimulated by drought stress. In this study, the overexpression of GmNTF2B-1 was found to improve the drought tolerance of transgenic soybean by influencing the ROS content in plants. An oxidoreductase, GmOXR17, was identified to interact with GmNTF2B-1 in the nucleus through the yeast two-hybrid, coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. The drought tolerance of GmOXR17 transgenic soybean was similar to that of GmNTF2B-1. GmNTF2B-1 was expressed in both cytoplasm and nucleus, and GmOXR17 transferred from the cytoplasm to the nucleus under drought stress. The overexpression of GmNTF2B-1 enhanced the nuclear entry of GmOXR17, and the overexpression of GmNTF2B-1 or GmOXR17 could decrease the H2 O2 content and oxidation level in the nucleus. In conclusion, the interaction between GmNTF2B-1 and GmOXR17 may enhance the nuclear entry of GmOXR17, thereby enhancing nuclear ROS scavenging to improve the drought resistance of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chen Su
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Xi'an, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Wensi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongbin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhaoshi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Youzhi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
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Mengarelli DA, Roldán Tewes L, Balazadeh S, Zanor MI. FITNESS Acts as a Negative Regulator of Immunity and Influences the Plant Reproductive Output After Pseudomonas syringae Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:606791. [PMID: 33613599 PMCID: PMC7889524 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.606791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants, as sessile organisms, are continuously threatened by multiple factors and therefore their profitable production depends on how they can defend themselves. We have previously reported on the characterization of fitness mutants which are more tolerant to environmental stresses due to the activation of defense mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that in fitness mutants, which accumulate moderate levels of salicylic acid (SA) and have SA signaling activated, pathogen infection is restricted. Also, we demonstrate that NPR1 is essential in fitness mutants for SA storage and defense activation but not for SA synthesis after Pseudomonas syringae (Pst) infection. Additionally, these mutants do not appear to be metabolically impared, resulting in a higher seed set even after pathogen attack. The FITNESS transcriptional network includes defense-related transcription factors (TFs) such as ANAC072, ORA59, and ERF1 as well as jasmonic acid (JA) related genes including LIPOXYGENASE2 (LOX2), CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1), JASMONATE ZIM-domain3 (JAZ3) and JAZ10. Induction of FITNESS expression leads to COI1 downregulation, and to JAZ3 and JAZ10 upregulation. As COI1 is an essential component of the bioactive JA perception apparatus and is required for most JA-signaling processes, elevated FITNESS expression leads to modulated JA-related responses. Taken together, FITNESS plays a crucial role during pathogen attack and allows a cost-efficient way to prevent undesirable developmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alberto Mengarelli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda PREDIO CCT-Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lara Roldán Tewes
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda PREDIO CCT-Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - María Inés Zanor
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda PREDIO CCT-Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
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9
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Mengarelli DA, Zanor MI. Genome-wide characterization and analysis of the CCT motif family genes in soybean (Glycine max). PLANTA 2021; 253:15. [PMID: 33392793 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Soybean possesses 19 CMF genes which mainly arose from duplication events. Their features and motifs are highly conserved but transcriptional data indicated functional diversity in metabolism and stress responses. CCT [for CONSTANS, CONSTANS-like (CO-like), and timing of CAB expression1 (TOC1)] domain-containing genes play important roles in regulating flowering, plant growth, and grain yield and are also involved in stress responses. The CMF (CCT motif family) genes, included in the CCT family, contain a single CCT domain as the only identifiable domain in their predicted protein sequence and are interesting targets for breeding programs. In this study, we identified 19 putative GmCMF genes, based on the latest soybean (Glycine max) genome annotation. The predicted GmCMF proteins were characterized based on conserved structural features, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed including all CMF proteins from rice and Arabidopsis as representative examples of the monocotyledonous (monocot) and dicotyledonous (dicot) plants, respectively. High similarities in the conserved motifs of the protein sequences and the gene structures were found. In addition, by analyzing the CMF gene family in soybean, we identified seven pairs of genes that originated from segmental chromosomal duplication events attributable to the most recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) event in the Glycine lineage. Expression analysis of GmCMF genes in various tissues and after specific treatments demonstrated tissue and stress-response specific differential expression. Gene expression analysis was complemented by the identification of putative cis-elements present in the promoter regions of the genes through a bioinformatics approach, using the existing soybean reference genome sequence and gene models. Co-functional networks inferred from distinct types of genomics data-including microarrays and RNA-seq samples from soybean-revealed that GmCMF genes might play crucial roles in metabolism and transport processes. The results of this study, the first systematic analysis of the soybean CCT gene family, can serve as a strong foundation for further elucidation of their physiological functions and biological roles.
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