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Ferreira LM, Henschel JM, Mendes JJVDA, Araujo DJ, Ribeiro JES, Ferreira VCDS, da Cruz ON, Batista DS. Pre-harvest application of sodium nitroprusside enhances storage root quality in red beet cultivated under normal and drought conditions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39056272 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of nitric oxide (NO) in plant stress tolerance, as well as in increasing post-harvest quality, has been extensively demonstrated in several fruits and vegetable crops; however, the effects of its pre-harvest application on post-harvest quality are still poorly documented. Therefore, the pre-harvest application of NO in red beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) plants cultivated under well-watered and drought conditions was evaluated to assess whether it improves the post-harvest quality of their storage roots. Red beet plants cultivated under well-watered (80% of water holding capacity) or drought condition (15% of water holding capacity) were sprayed weekly with water (control) or 100 μmol L-1 sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor. Sixty-six days after sowing, red beet roots were harvested, and root yield, total sugar yield, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, proteins, lipids, root ashes, root moisture, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, vitamin C, total phenolics, total betalains, betacyanins, betaxanthins and antioxidant capacity were determined. RESULTS While drought led to a reduction in root yield, sugars, lipids and titratable acidity, it increased phenolic compounds, betalains and the antioxidant capacity of beets. SNP reversed the negative effects of drought on sugar, lipid and organic acid contents and increased antioxidant capacity independent of stress. CONCLUSION Pre-harvest SNP treatment reversed drought-induced yield reductions in beets, while boosting bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. It also enhanced vitamin C content independently, indicating its dual role in stress mitigation and beet quality improvement. Future research should explore other crops and stress conditions. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Damiana Justino Araujo
- Graduate Program in Agrarian Sciences (Agroecology), Federal University of Paraíba, Bananeiras, Brazil
| | | | | | - Oziel Nunes da Cruz
- Department of Agroindustrial Management and Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, Bananeiras, Brazil
| | - Diego Silva Batista
- Graduate Program in Agronomy, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Agrarian Sciences (Agroecology), Federal University of Paraíba, Bananeiras, Brazil
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Peters RL, Steppe K, Pappas C, Zweifel R, Babst F, Dietrich L, von Arx G, Poyatos R, Fonti M, Fonti P, Grossiord C, Gharun M, Buchmann N, Steger DN, Kahmen A. Daytime stomatal regulation in mature temperate trees prioritizes stem rehydration at night. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37235688 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Trees remain sufficiently hydrated during drought by closing stomata and reducing canopy conductance (Gc ) in response to variations in atmospheric water demand and soil water availability. Thresholds that control the reduction of Gc are proposed to optimize hydraulic safety against carbon assimilation efficiency. However, the link between Gc and the ability of stem tissues to rehydrate at night remains unclear. We investigated whether species-specific Gc responses aim to prevent branch embolisms, or enable night-time stem rehydration, which is critical for turgor-dependent growth. For this, we used a unique combination of concurrent dendrometer, sap flow and leaf water potential measurements and collected branch-vulnerability curves of six common European tree species. Species-specific Gc reduction was weakly related to the water potentials at which 50% of branch xylem conductivity is lost (P50 ). Instead, we found a stronger relationship with stem rehydration. Species with a stronger Gc control were less effective at refilling stem-water storage as the soil dries, which appeared related to their xylem architecture. Our findings highlight the importance of stem rehydration for water-use regulation in mature trees, which likely relates to the maintenance of adequate stem turgor. We thus conclude that stem rehydration must complement the widely accepted safety-efficiency stomatal control paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Peters
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Forest is Life, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christoforos Pappas
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Roman Zweifel
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Flurin Babst
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, East Lowell Street 1064, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, East Lowell Street 1215, Tucson, AZ, 857121, USA
| | - Lars Dietrich
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg von Arx
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marina Fonti
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School for Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanna, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitatstrasse 2, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Geosciences, University of Münster, Heisenbergstrasse 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitatstrasse 2, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David N Steger
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Lu C, Zhang J, Min X, Chen J, Huang Y, Zhao H, Yan T, Liu X, Wang H, Liu H. Contrasting responses of early‐ and late‐season plant phenophases to altered precipitation. OIKOS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Lu
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
- Inst. of Eco‐Chongming (IEC), East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou Univ. Lanzhou China
| | - Xueting Min
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
- Inst. of Eco‐Chongming (IEC), East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
| | - Jianghui Chen
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
- Inst. of Eco‐Chongming (IEC), East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
| | - Yixuan Huang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
- Inst. of Eco‐Chongming (IEC), East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
| | - Hongfang Zhao
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
| | - Tao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou Univ. Lanzhou China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou Univ. Lanzhou China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou Univ. Lanzhou China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
- Inst. of Eco‐Chongming (IEC), East China Normal Univ. Shanghai China
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Rasheed A, Jie Y, Nawaz M, Jie H, Ma Y, Shah AN, Hassan MU, Gillani SFA, Batool M, Aslam MT, Naseem AR, Qari SH. Improving Drought Stress Tolerance in Ramie ( Boehmeria nivea L.) Using Molecular Techniques. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:911610. [PMID: 35845651 PMCID: PMC9280341 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.911610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ramie is one of the most significant fiber crops and contributes to good quality fiber. Drought stress (DS) is one of the most devastating abiotic factors which is accountable for a substantial loss in crop growth and production and disturbing sustainable crop production. DS impairs growth, plant water relation, and nutrient uptake. Ramie has evolved a series of defense responses to cope with DS. There are numerous genes regulating the drought tolerance (DT) mechanism in ramie. The morphological and physiological mechanism of DT is well-studied; however, modified methods would be more effective. The use of novel genome editing tools like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is being used to edit the recessive genes in crops to modify their function. The transgenic approaches are used to develop several drought-tolerant varieties in ramie, and further identification of tolerant genes is needed for an effective breeding plan. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping, transcription factors (TFs) and speed breeding are highly studied techniques, and these would lead to the development of drought-resilient ramie cultivars. The use of hormones in enhancing crop growth and development under water scarcity circumstances is critical; however, using different concentrations and testing genotypes in changing environments would be helpful to sort the tolerant genotypes. Since plants use various ways to counter DS, investigating mechanisms of DT in plants will lead to improved DT in ramie. This critical review summarized the recent advancements on DT in ramie using novel molecular techniques. This information would help ramie breeders to conduct research studies and develop drought tolerant ramie cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Rasheed
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yucheng Jie
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Hongdong Jie
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yushen Ma
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Maria Batool
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Ahmad Raza Naseem
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Hilty J, Muller B, Pantin F, Leuzinger S. Plant growth: the What, the How, and the Why. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:25-41. [PMID: 34245021 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Growth is a widely used term in plant science and ecology, but it can have different meanings depending on the context and the spatiotemporal scale of analysis. At the meristem level, growth is associated with the production of cells and initiation of new organs. At the organ or plant scale and over short time periods, growth is often used synonymously with tissue expansion, while over longer time periods the increase in biomass is a common metric. At even larger temporal and spatial scales, growth is mostly described as net primary production. Here, we first address the question 'what is growth?'. We propose a general framework to distinguish between the different facets of growth, and the corresponding physiological processes, environmental drivers and mathematical formalisms. Based on these different definitions, we then review how plant growth can be measured and analysed at different organisational, spatial and temporal scales. We conclude by discussing why gaining a better understanding of the different facets of plant growth is essential to disentangle genetic and environmental effects on the phenotype, and to uncover the causalities around source or sink limitations of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hilty
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, 46 Wakefield Street, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Bertrand Muller
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Florent Pantin
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Sebastian Leuzinger
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, 46 Wakefield Street, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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Mashukov DA, Ben’kova AV, Ben’kova VE, Shashkin AV, Prokushkin AS. Distribution of Tracheid Lumen Areas within Annual Rings at Different Heights of Larch Stem under Permafrost Conditions. Crown Dieback. RUSS J ECOL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413621050106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Hernandez-Santana V, Perez-Arcoiza A, Gomez-Jimenez MC, Diaz-Espejo A. Disentangling the link between leaf photosynthesis and turgor in fruit growth. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1788-1801. [PMID: 34250661 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of understanding plant growth, the mechanisms underlying how plant and fruit growth declines during drought remain poorly understood. Specifically, it remains unresolved whether carbon or water factors are responsible for limiting growth as drought progresses. We examine questions regarding the relative importance of water and carbon to fruit growth depending on the water deficit level and the fruit growth stage by measuring fruit diameter, leaf photosynthesis, and a proxy of cell turgor in olive (Olea europaea). Flow cytometry was also applied to determine the fruit cell division stage. We found that photosynthesis and turgor were related to fruit growth; specifically, the relative importance of photosynthesis was higher during periods of more intense cell division, while turgor had higher relative importance in periods where cell division comes close to ceasing and fruit growth is dependent mainly on cell expansion. This pattern was found regardless of the water deficit level, although turgor and growth ceased at more similar values of leaf water potential than photosynthesis. Cell division occurred even when fruit growth seemed to stop under water deficit conditions, which likely helped fruits to grow disproportionately when trees were hydrated again, compensating for periods with low turgor. As a result, the final fruit size was not severely penalized. We conclude that carbon and water processes are able to explain fruit growth, with importance placed on the combination of cell division and expansion. However, the major limitation to growth is turgor, which adds evidence to the sink limitation hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Hernandez-Santana
- Irrigation and Ecophysiology Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Reina Mercedes, 41012, Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Reina Mercedes, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Adrián Perez-Arcoiza
- Irrigation and Ecophysiology Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Reina Mercedes, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria C Gomez-Jimenez
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Antonio Diaz-Espejo
- Irrigation and Ecophysiology Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Reina Mercedes, 41012, Seville, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Reina Mercedes, 41012, Seville, Spain
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