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Lu L, Liu N, Fan Z, Liu M, Zhang X, Tian J, Yu Y, Lin H, Huang Y, Kong Z. A novel PGPR strain, Streptomyces lasalocidi JCM 3373 T, alleviates salt stress and shapes root architecture in soybean by secreting indole-3-carboxaldehyde. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1941-1956. [PMID: 38369767 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
While soybean (Glycine max L.) provides the most important source of vegetable oil and protein, it is sensitive to salinity, which seriously endangers the yield and quality during soybean production. The application of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to improve salt tolerance for plant is currently gaining increasing attention. Streptomycetes are a major group of PGPR. However, to date, few streptomycetes has been successfully developed and applied to promote salt tolerance in soybean. Here, we discovered a novel PGPR strain, Streptomyces lasalocidi JCM 3373T, from 36 strains of streptomycetes via assays of their capacity to alleviate salt stress in soybean. Microscopic observation showed that S. lasalocidi JCM 3373T does not colonise soybean roots. Chemical analysis confirmed that S. lasalocidi JCM 3373T secretes indole-3-carboxaldehyde (ICA1d). Importantly, IAC1d inoculation alleviates salt stress in soybean and modulates its root architecture by regulating the expression of stress-responsive genes GmVSP, GmPHD2 and GmWRKY54 and root growth-related genes GmPIN1a, GmPIN2a, GmYUCCA5 and GmYUCCA6. Taken together, the novel PGPR strain, S. lasalocidi JCM 3373T, alleviates salt stress and improves root architecture in soybean by secreting ICA1d. Our findings provide novel clues for the development of new microbial inoculant and the improvement of crop productivity under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaosheng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hou-Ji Laboratory in Shanxi province, Academy of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
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Yue H, Sun X, Wang T, Zhang A, Han D, Wei G, Song W, Shu D. Host genotype-specific rhizosphere fungus enhances drought resistance in wheat. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:44. [PMID: 38433268 PMCID: PMC10910722 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severity and frequency of drought are expected to increase substantially in the coming century and dramatically reduce crop yields. Manipulation of rhizosphere microbiomes is an emerging strategy for mitigating drought stress in agroecosystems. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying how drought-resistant plant recruitment of specific rhizosphere fungi enhances drought adaptation of drought-sensitive wheats. Here, we investigated microbial community assembly features and functional profiles of rhizosphere microbiomes related to drought-resistant and drought-sensitive wheats by amplicon and shotgun metagenome sequencing techniques. We then established evident linkages between root morphology traits and putative keystone taxa based on microbial inoculation experiments. Furthermore, root RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR were employed to explore the mechanisms how rhizosphere microbes modify plant response traits to drought stresses. RESULTS Our results indicated that host plant signature, plant niche compartment, and planting site jointly contribute to the variation of soil microbiome assembly and functional adaptation, with a relatively greater effect of host plant signature observed for the rhizosphere fungi community. Importantly, drought-resistant wheat (Yunhan 618) possessed more diverse bacterial and fungal taxa than that of the drought-sensitive wheat (Chinese Spring), particularly for specific fungal species. In terms of microbial interkingdom association networks, the drought-resistant variety possessed more complex microbial networks. Metagenomics analyses further suggested that the enriched rhizosphere microbiomes belonging to the drought-resistant cultivar had a higher investment in energy metabolism, particularly in carbon cycling, that shaped their distinctive drought tolerance via the mediation of drought-induced feedback functional pathways. Furthermore, we observed that host plant signature drives the differentiation in the ecological role of the cultivable fungal species Mortierella alpine (M. alpina) and Epicoccum nigrum (E. nigrum). The successful colonization of M. alpina on the root surface enhanced the resistance of wheats in response to drought stresses via activation of drought-responsive genes (e.g., CIPK9 and PP2C30). Notably, we found that lateral roots and root hairs were significantly suppressed by co-colonization of a drought-enriched fungus (M. alpina) and a drought-depleted fungus (E. nigrum). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings revealed host genotypes profoundly influence rhizosphere microbiome assembly and functional adaptation, as well as it provides evidence that drought-resistant plant recruitment of specific rhizosphere fungi enhances drought tolerance of drought-sensitive wheats. These findings significantly underpin our understanding of the complex feedbacks between plants and microbes during drought, and lay a foundation for steering "beneficial keystone biome" to develop more resilient and productive crops under climate change. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yue
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuming Sun
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ali Zhang
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dejun Han
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Gehong Wei
- College of Life Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Weining Song
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Duntao Shu
- College of Life Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Zeng J, Wang Y, Wu G, Sun Q, He X, Zhang X, Sun X, Zhao Y, Liu W, Xu D, Dai X, Ma W. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Genes and Pathways Related to Wheat Root Hair Length. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2069. [PMID: 38396749 PMCID: PMC10889798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tube-like outgrowths from root epidermal cells, known as root hairs, enhance water and nutrient absorption, facilitate microbial interactions, and contribute to plant anchorage by expanding the root surface area. Genetically regulated and strongly influenced by environmental conditions, longer root hairs generally enhance water and nutrient absorption, correlating with increased stress resistance. Wheat, a globally predominant crop pivotal for human nutrition, necessitates the identification of long root hair genotypes and their regulatory genes to enhance nutrient capture and yield potential. This study focused on 261 wheat samples of diverse genotypes during germination, revealing noticeable disparities in the length of the root hair among the genotypes. Notably, two long root hair genotypes (W106 and W136) and two short root hair genotypes (W90 and W100) were identified. Transcriptome sequencing resulted in the development of 12 root cDNA libraries, unveiling 1180 shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Further analyses, including GO function annotation, KEGG enrichment, MapMan metabolic pathway analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network prediction, underscored the upregulation of root hair length regulatory genes in the long root hair genotypes. These included genes are associated with GA and BA hormone signaling pathways, FRS/FRF and bHLH transcription factors, phenylpropanoid, lignin, lignan secondary metabolic pathways, the peroxidase gene for maintaining ROS steady state, and the ankyrin gene with diverse biological functions. This study contributes valuable insights into modulating the length of wheat root hair and identifies candidate genes for the genetic improvement of wheat root traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Zeng
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Yongmei Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Gang Wu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Qingyi Sun
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiaoyan He
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Xuelian Sun
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Wenxing Liu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Dengan Xu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Xuehuan Dai
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Wujun Ma
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257347, China
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Quattrone A, Lopez-Guerrero M, Yadav P, Meier MA, Russo SE, Weber KA. Interactions between root hairs and the soil microbial community affect the growth of maize seedlings. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:611-628. [PMID: 37974552 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are considered important for rhizosphere formation, which affects root system functioning. Through interactions with soil microorganisms mediated by root exudation, root hairs may affect the phenotypes and growth of young plants. We tested this hypothesis by integrating results from two experiments: (1) a factorial greenhouse seedling experiment with Zea mays B73-wt and its root-hairless mutant, B73-rth3, grown in live and autoclaved soil, quantifying 15 phenotypic traits, seven growth rates, and soil microbiomes and (2) a semi-hydroponic system quantifying root exudation of maize genotypes. Possibly as compensation for lacking root hairs, B73-rth3 seedlings allocated more biomass to roots and grew slower than B73-wt seedlings in live soil, whereas B73-wt seedlings grew slowest in autoclaved soil, suggesting root hairs can be costly and their benefits were realized with more complete soil microbial assemblages. There were substantial differences in root exudation between genotypes and in rhizosphere versus non-rhizosphere microbiomes. The microbial taxa enriched in the presence of root hairs generally enhanced growth compared to taxa enriched in their absence. Our findings suggest the root hairs' adaptive value extends to plant-microbe interactions mediated by root exudates, affecting plant phenotypes, and ultimately, growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Quattrone
- Complex Biosystems Ph.D. program, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Pooja Yadav
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Michael A Meier
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Rancho Biosciences, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sabrina E Russo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Karrie A Weber
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Daugherty Water for Food Institute, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Nasr Esfahani M, Sonnewald U. Unlocking dynamic root phenotypes for simultaneous enhancement of water and phosphorus uptake. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108386. [PMID: 38280257 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and water are crucial for plant growth, but their availability is challenged by climate change, leading to reduced crop production and global food security. In many agricultural soils, crop productivity is confronted by both water and P limitations. The diminished soil moisture decreases available P due to reduced P diffusion, and inadequate P availability diminishes tissue water status through modifications in stomatal conductance and a decrease in root hydraulic conductance. P and water display contrasting distributions in the soil, with P being concentrated in the topsoil and water in the subsoil. Plants adapt to water- and P-limited environments by efficiently exploring localized resource hotspots of P and water through the adaptation of their root system. Thus, developing cultivars with improved root architecture is crucial for accessing and utilizing P and water from arid and P-deficient soils. To meet this goal, breeding towards multiple advantageous root traits can lead to better cultivars for water- and P-limited environments. This review discusses the interplay of P and water availability and highlights specific root traits that enhance the exploration and exploitation of optimal resource-rich soil strata while reducing metabolic costs. We propose root ideotype models, including 'topsoil foraging', 'subsoil foraging', and 'topsoil/subsoil foraging' for maize (monocot) and common bean (dicot). These models integrate beneficial root traits and guide the development of water- and P-efficient cultivars for challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Mutanwad KV, Debreczeny M, Lucyshyn D. Root Hair Imaging Using Confocal Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2787:81-94. [PMID: 38656483 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3778-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Plant genetics plays a key role in determining root hair initiation and development. A complex network of genetic interactions therefore closely monitors and influences root hair phenotype and morphology. The significance of these genes can be studied by employing, for instance, loss-of-function mutants, overexpression plant lines, and fluorescently labeled constructs. Confocal laser scanning microscopy is a great tool to visually observe and document these morphological features. This chapter elaborates the techniques involved in handling of microscopic setup to acquire images displaying root hair distribution along the fully elongated zone of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Additionally, we illustrate an approach to visualize early fate determination of epidermal cells in the root apical meristem, by describing a method for imaging YFP tagged transgenic plant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Vasant Mutanwad
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Debreczeny
- Core Facility Multiscale Imaging, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
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Adu MO, Zigah N, Yawson DO, Amoah KK, Afutu E, Atiah K, Darkwa AA, Asare PA. Plasticity of root hair and rhizosheath traits and their relationship to phosphorus uptake in sorghum. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e521. [PMID: 37638231 PMCID: PMC10447916 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is an essential crop for resilient and adaptive responses to climate change. The root systems of crop plants significantly contribute to the tolerance of abiotic stresses. There is little information on sorghum genotypes' root systems and plasticity to external P supply. In this paper, we investigated the variations in root systems, as well as the responses, trait relationships, and plasticity of two sorghum genotypes (Naga Red and Naga White), popularly grown in Ghana, to five external P concentrations ([P]ext): 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg P kg-1 soil. Sorghum plants were grown in greenhouse pots and harvested for root trait measurements at the five-leaf and growing point differentiation (GPD) developmental stages. The plants were responsive to [P]ext and formed rhizosheaths. The two genotypes showed similar characteristics for most of the traits measured but differed significantly in total and lateral root lengths in favor of the red genotype. For example, at the five-leaf growth stage, the lateral root length of the red and white genotypes was 22.8 and 16.2 cm, respectively, but 124 and 88.9 cm, at the GPD stage. The responses and plasticity of the root system traits, including rhizosheath, to [P]ext were more prominent, positive, and linear at the five-leaf stage than at the GPD growth stage. At the five-leaf growth stage, total root length increased by about 2.5-fold with increasing [P]ext compared to the unamended soil. At the GPD stage, however, total root length decreased by about 1.83-fold as [P]ext increased compared to the unamended soil. Specific rhizosheath weight correlated with RHD, albeit weakly, and together explained up to 59% of the variation in tissue P. Root hair density was more responsive to P supply than root hair length and showed a similar total and lateral root length pattern. Most desirable responses to P occurred at a rate of 200-300 mg P kg-1 soil. It is concluded that sorghum would form rhizosheath, and [P]ext could be critical for the early vigorous growth of sorghum's responsive root and shoot traits. Beyond the early days of development, additional P application might be necessary to sustain the responses and plasticity observed during the early growth period, but this requires further investigation, potentially under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O. Adu
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | - Nathaniel Zigah
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | - David O. Yawson
- Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies (CERMES)The University of the West IndiesBridgetownBarbados
| | - Kwadwo K. Amoah
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | - Emmanuel Afutu
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | - Kofi Atiah
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | - Alfred A. Darkwa
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | - Paul A. Asare
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
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Egea I, Estrada Y, Faura C, Egea-Fernández JM, Bolarin MC, Flores FB. Salt-tolerant alternative crops as sources of quality food to mitigate the negative impact of salinity on agricultural production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1092885. [PMID: 36818835 PMCID: PMC9935836 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1092885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An increase of abiotic stress tolerance and nutritive value of foods is currently a priority because of climate change and rising world population. Among abiotic stresses, salt stress is one of the main problems in agriculture. Mounting urbanization and industrialization, and increasing global food demand, are pressing farmers to make use of marginal lands affected by salinity and low-quality saline water. In that situation, one of the most promising approaches is searching for new sources of genetic variation like salt-tolerant alternative crops or underexploited crops. They are generally less efficient than cultivated crops in optimal conditions due to lower yield but represent an alternative in stressful growth conditions. In this review, we summarize the advances achieved in research on underexploited species differing in their genetic nature. First, we highlight advances in research on salt tolerance of traditional varieties of tomato or landraces; varieties selected and developed by smallholder farmers for adaptation to their local environments showing specific attractive fruit quality traits. We remark advances attained in screening a collection of tomato traditional varieties gathered in Spanish Southeast, a very productive region which environment is extremely stressing. Second, we explore the opportunities of exploiting the natural variation of halophytes, in particular quinoa and amaranth. The adaptation of both species in stressful growth conditions is becoming an increasingly important issue, especially for their cultivation in arid and semiarid areas prone to be affected by salinity. Here we present a project developed in Spanish Southeast, where quinoa and amaranth varieties are being adapted for their culture under abiotic stress targeting high quality grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Egea
- Department Of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yanira Estrada
- Department Of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Celia Faura
- Department Of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Maria C. Bolarin
- Department Of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco B. Flores
- Department Of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Kou X, Han W, Kang J. Responses of root system architecture to water stress at multiple levels: A meta-analysis of trials under controlled conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1085409. [PMID: 36570905 PMCID: PMC9780461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1085409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to increasingly severe drought events and roots play vital roles in maintaining plant survival, growth, and reproduction. A large body of literature has investigated the adaptive responses of root traits in various plants to water stress and these studies have been reviewed in certain groups of plant species at a certain scale. Nevertheless, these responses have not been synthesized at multiple levels. This paper screened over 2000 literatures for studies of typical root traits including root growth angle, root depth, root length, root diameter, root dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, root hair length and density and integrates their drought responses at genetic and morphological scales. The genes, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and hormones that are involved in the regulation of drought response of the root traits were summarized. We then statistically analyzed the drought responses of root traits and discussed the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, we highlighted the drought response of 1-D and 2-D root length density (RLD) distribution in the soil profile. This paper will provide a framework for an integrated understanding of root adaptive responses to water deficit at multiple scales and such insights may provide a basis for selection and breeding of drought tolerant crop lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Kou
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Han
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Aslam MM, Pueyo JJ, Pang J, Yang J, Chen W, Chen H, Waseem M, Li Y, Zhang J, Xu W. Root acid phosphatases and rhizobacteria synergistically enhance white lupin and rice phosphorus acquisition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2449-2465. [PMID: 36066452 PMCID: PMC9706455 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosheath is a belowground area that acts as a communication hub at the root-soil interface to promote water and nutrient acquisition. Certain crops, such as white lupin (Lupinus albus), acquire large amounts of phosphorus (P), owing partially to exudation of acid phosphatases (APases). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria also increase soil P availability. However, potential synergistic effects of root APases and rhizosheath-associated microbiota on P acquisition require further research. In this study, we investigated the roles of root purple APases (PAPs) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in rhizosheath formation and P acquisition under conditions of soil drying (SD) and P treatment (+P: soil with P fertilizer; -P: soil without fertilizer). We expressed purple acid phosphatase12 (LaPAP12) in white lupin and rice (Oryza sativa) plants and analyzed the rhizosheath-associated microbiome. Increased or heterologous LaPAP12 expression promoted APase activity and rhizosheath formation, resulting in increased P acquisition mainly under SD-P conditions. It also increased the abundance of members of the genus Bacillus in the rhizosheath-associated microbial communities of white lupin and rice. We isolated a phosphate-solubilizing, auxin-producing Bacillus megaterium strain from the rhizosheath of white lupin and used this to inoculate white lupin and rice plants. Inoculation promoted rhizosheath formation and P acquisition, especially in plants with increased LaPAP12 expression and under SD-P conditions, suggesting a functional role of the bacteria in alleviating P deficit stress via rhizosheath formation. Together, our results suggest a synergistic enhancing effect of LaPAP12 and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on rhizosheath formation and P acquisition under SD-P conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtab Muhammad Aslam
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Haixia Institute of Ecology and Environmental Engineering, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - José J Pueyo
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ICA-CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Jiayin Pang
- School of Agriculture and Environment, UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Jinyong Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Haixia Institute of Ecology and Environmental Engineering, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Haixia Institute of Ecology and Environmental Engineering, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Haixia Institute of Ecology and Environmental Engineering, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Haixia Institute of Ecology and Environmental Engineering, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Kohli PS, Pazhamala LT, Mani B, Thakur JK, Giri J. Root hair-specific transcriptome reveals response to low phosphorus in Cicer arietinum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:983969. [PMID: 36267945 PMCID: PMC9577374 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.983969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs (RH) are a single-cell extension of root epidermal cells. In low phosphorus (LP) availability, RH length and density increase thus expanding the total root surface area for phosphate (Pi) acquisition. However, details on genes involved in RH development and response to LP are missing in an agronomically important leguminous crop, chickpea. To elucidate this response in chickpea, we performed tissue-specific RNA-sequencing and analyzed the transcriptome modulation for RH and root without RH (Root-RH) under LP. Root hair initiation and cellular differentiation genes like RSL TFs and ROPGEFs are upregulated in Root-RH, explaining denser, and ectopic RH in LP. In RH, genes involved in tip growth processes and phytohormonal biosynthesis like cell wall synthesis and loosening (cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit, CaEXPA2, CaGRP2, and CaXTH2), cytoskeleton/vesicle transport, and ethylene biosynthesis are upregulated. Besides RH development, genes involved in LP responses like lipid and/or pectin P remobilization and acid phosphatases are induced in these tissues summarizing a complete molecular response to LP. Further, RH displayed preferential enrichment of processes involved in symbiotic interactions, which provide an additional benefit during LP. In conclusion, RH shows a multi-faceted response that starts with molecular changes for epidermal cell differentiation and RH initiation in Root-RH and later induction of tip growth and various LP responses in elongated RH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Balaji Mani
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
- International Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
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12
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Advances in Plant Lipid Metabolism Responses to Phosphate Scarcity. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172238. [PMID: 36079619 PMCID: PMC9460063 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low phosphate (Pi) availability in soils severely limits crop growth and production. Plants have evolved to have numerous physiological and molecular adaptive mechanisms to cope with Pi starvation. The release of Pi from membrane phospholipids is considered to improve plant phosphorus (P) utilization efficiency in response to Pi starvation and accompanies membrane lipid remodeling. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries related to this topic and the molecular basis of membrane phospholipid alteration and triacylglycerol metabolism in response to Pi depletion in plants at different subcellular levels. These findings will help to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to Pi starvation and thus help to develop crop cultivars with high P utilization efficiency.
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13
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Chen Z, Wu Z, Dong W, Liu S, Tian L, Li J, Du H. MYB Transcription Factors Becoming Mainstream in Plant Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169262. [PMID: 36012533 PMCID: PMC9409031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the root system is crucial for plant survival, such as anchoring plants, absorbing nutrients and water from the soil, and adapting to stress. MYB transcription factors constitute one of the largest transcription factor families in plant genomes with structural and functional diversifications. Members of this superfamily in plant development and cell differentiation, specialized metabolism, and biotic and abiotic stress processes are widely recognized, but their roles in plant roots are still not well characterized. Recent advances in functional studies remind us that MYB genes may have potentially key roles in roots. In this review, the current knowledge about the functions of MYB genes in roots was summarized, including promoting cell differentiation, regulating cell division through cell cycle, response to biotic and abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, salt stress, nutrient stress, light, gravity, and fungi), and mediate phytohormone signals. MYB genes from the same subfamily tend to regulate similar biological processes in roots in redundant but precise ways. Given their increasing known functions and wide expression profiles in roots, MYB genes are proposed as key components of the gene regulatory networks associated with distinct biological processes in roots. Further functional studies of MYB genes will provide an important basis for root regulatory mechanisms, enabling a more inclusive green revolution and sustainable agriculture to face the constant changes in climate and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zexuan Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Wenyu Dong
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Shiying Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Lulu Tian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jiana Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hai Du
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-182-2348-0008
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