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Zhou D, Eraslan Z, Miller D, Taylor I, You J, Grondin SJ, Vega M, Manga P, Goff PS, Sviderskaya EV, Gross SS, Chen Q, Zippin JH. Two-pore channel 2 is required for soluble adenylyl cyclase-dependent regulation of melanosomal pH and melanin synthesis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024. [PMID: 38844435 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Melanosomal pH is important for the synthesis of melanin as the rate-limiting enzyme, tyrosinase, is very pH-sensitive. The soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) signaling pathway was recently identified as a regulator of melanosomal pH in melanocytes; however, the melanosomal proteins critical for sAC-dependent regulation of melanosomal pH were undefined. We now systematically examine four well-characterized melanosomal membrane proteins to determine whether any of them are required for sAC-dependent regulation of melanosomal pH. We find that OA1, OCA2, and SLC45A2 are dispensable for sAC-dependent regulation of melanosomal pH. In contrast, TPC2 activity is required for sAC-dependent regulation of melanosomal pH and melanin synthesis. In addition, activation of TPC2 by NAADP-AM rescues melanosomal pH alkalinization and reduces melanin synthesis following pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of sAC signaling. These studies establish TPC2 as a critical melanosomal protein for sAC-dependent regulation of melanosomal pH and pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalee Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zuhal Eraslan
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dawson Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Isobel Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jaewon You
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samuel J Grondin
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martha Vega
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Prashiela Manga
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philip S Goff
- Cell Biology Research Section, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Elena V Sviderskaya
- Cell Biology Research Section, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Steven S Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan H Zippin
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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Chen L, Lei X, Mahnke K. Adenosine and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5810. [PMID: 38891997 PMCID: PMC11172165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory skin diseases highlight inflammation as a central driver of skin pathologies, involving a multiplicity of mediators and cell types, including immune and non-immune cells. Adenosine, a ubiquitous endogenous immune modulator, generated from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), acts via four G protein-coupled receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3). Given the widespread expression of those receptors and their regulatory effects on multiple immune signaling pathways, targeting adenosine receptors emerges as a compelling strategy for anti-inflammatory intervention. Animal models of psoriasis, contact hypersensitivity (CHS), and other dermatitis have elucidated the involvement of adenosine receptors in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Targeting adenosine receptors is effective in attenuating inflammation and remodeling the epidermal structure, potentially showing synergistic effects with fewer adverse effects when combined with conventional therapies. What is noteworthy are the promising outcomes observed with A2A agonists in animal models and ongoing clinical trials investigating A3 agonists, underscoring a potential therapeutic approach for the management of inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karsten Mahnke
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (L.C.)
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郑 荷, 胡 小. [Calcium Dibutyryl Adenosine Cyclophosphate Enhances the Effect of Metoprolol in Treating Older Adults With Heart Failure Combined With Arrhythmia]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2024; 55:699-707. [PMID: 38948272 PMCID: PMC11211796 DOI: 10.12182/20240560209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect and safety of calcium dibutyryl adenosine cyclophosphate (dbcAMP-Ca) combined with metoprolol in the treatment of older adults with heart failure combined with arrhythmia. Methods A total of 102 elderly patients with heart failure combined with arrhythmia were enrolled in our hospital between February 2021 and April 2023. The list of patients enrolled was entered into a random database by independent staffs not involved in the study and random assignment sequences were generated by the SAS9.4 software. Then, the 102 elderly patients were divided into a control group ( n=51) and an experimental group ( n=51). Patients in the control group were given metoprolol at an initial dose of 6.25 mg/d, which was gradually increased to the target dose of 25 mg/d. Patients in the experimental group were given 40 mg of dbcAMP-Ca once a day via intravenous drip in addition to the treatment given to the control group. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The rate of effective response to clinical treatment (the number of cases achieving significant effects and those achieving some effects divided by the total number of cases in the group) was defined as the main outcome index. Secondary indexes included cardiac function, heart rate variability, exercise ability, hemorheology, myocardial injury indexes, inflammatory indexes, and the occurrence of adverse reactions. Results The rate of effective response to clinical treatment was higher in the experimental group than that in the control group (94.12% [48/51] vs. 78.43% [40/51], P<0.05). After treatment, the left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions (LVEDD and LVESD) and the interventricular septal thickness (IVS) were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group, while the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the stroke volume (SV) were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P<0.05). In terms of heart rate variability after treatment, the standard deviation of all the normal-to-normal intervals/the average of all the normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN/SDANN), the percentage of NN50 in the total number of normal-to-normal intervals (PNN50%), and the root mean square of the differences between adjacent normal-to-normal intervals/root mean square differences of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD) were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P<0.05). In terms of exercise capacity after treatment, the subjects in the experimental group covered more distance in the 6-min walk test than those in the control group did ( P<0.05). In terms of the hemorheology indexes after treatment, the levels of platelet aggregation rate (PAgT), fibrinogen (FIB), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and whole blood viscosity (ηb) were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P<0.05). In terms of the myocardial injury indexes after treatment, the levels of serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group, while the levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1) were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P<0.05). In terms of the inflammatory indexes after treatment, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group (9.80%) and that in the control group (7.84%) were comparable ( P>0.05). Conclusion The use of dbcAMP-Ca in addition to metoprolol can effectively improve cardiac function, heart rate variability, and exercise tolerance, while inhibiting inflammatory response in elderly patients with heart failure combined with arrhythmia, with high medication safety. The combination medication shows better safety and therapeutic effects than those of metoprolol used alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- 荷洁 郑
- 四川省人民医院 心衰中心 (成都 610000)Heart Failure Center, Sichuan People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - 小翠 胡
- 四川省人民医院 心衰中心 (成都 610000)Heart Failure Center, Sichuan People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China
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Goldstein NB, Steel A, Tomb L, Berk Z, Hu J, Balaya V, Hoaglin L, Ganuthula K, Patel M, Mbika E, Robinson WA, Roop DR, Norris DA, Birlea SA. Vitiligo non-responding lesions to narrow band UVB have intriguing cellular and molecular abnormalities that may prevent epidermal repigmentation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024; 37:378-390. [PMID: 38343115 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
We have discovered that human vitiligo patients treated with narrow-band UVB (NBUVB) demonstrated localized resistance to repigmentation in skin sites characterized by distinct cellular and molecular pathways. Using immunostaining studies, discovery-stage RNA-Seq analysis, and confirmatory in situ hybridization, we analyzed paired biopsies collected from vitiligo lesions that did not repigment after 6 months of NBUVB treatment (non-responding) and compared them with repigmented (responding) lesions from the same patient. Non-responding lesions exhibited acanthotic epidermis, had low number of total, proliferative, and differentiated melanocyte (MC) populations, and increased number of senescent keratinocytes (KCs) and of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells as compared with responding lesions. The abnormal response in the non-responding lesions was driven by a dysregulated cAMP pathway and of upstream activator PDE4B, and of WNT/β-catenin repigmentation pathway. Vitiligo-responding lesions expressed high levels of WNT10B ligand, a molecule that may prevent epidermal senescence induced by NBUVB, and that in cultured melanoblasts prevented the pro-melanogenic effect of α-MSH. Understanding the pathways that govern lack of NBUVB-induced vitiligo repigmentation has a great promise in guiding the development of new therapeutic strategies for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Steel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Landon Tomb
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Zachary Berk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Junxiao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Velmurugan Balaya
- Gates Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura Hoaglin
- Gates Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kavya Ganuthula
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Meet Patel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Erica Mbika
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Dennis R Roop
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Gates Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Norris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Gates Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stanca A Birlea
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Gates Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Louveau B, Reger De Moura C, Jouenne F, Sadoux A, Allayous C, Da Meda L, Bernard-Cacciarella M, Baroudjian B, Lebbé C, Mourah S, Dumaz N. Combined PDE4+MEK inhibition shows antiproliferative effects in NRASQ61 mutated melanoma preclinical models. Melanoma Res 2024; 34:186-192. [PMID: 38141200 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) has been associated with worse prognosis in several cancers. In melanomas harboring NRAS mutations, PDE4 upregulation has been shown to trigger a switch in signaling from BRAF to RAF1 which leads to mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation. Previous in vitro evidence showed that PDE4 inhibition induced death in NRASQ61mut melanoma cells and such a strategy may thus be a relevant therapeutic option in those cases with no molecular targeted therapies approved to date. In this study, we generated patient-derived xenografts (PDX) from two NRASQ61mut melanoma lesions. We performed ex vivo histoculture drug response assays and in vivo experiments. A significant ex vivo inhibition of proliferation with the combination of roflumilast+cobimetinib was observed compared to dimethyl sulfoxide control in both models (51 and 67%). This antiproliferative effect was confirmed in vivo for PDX-1 with a 56% inhibition of tumor growth. To decipher molecular mechanisms underlying this effect, we performed transcriptomic analyses and revealed a decrease in MKI67, RAF1 and CCND1 expression under bitherapy. Our findings strengthen the therapeutic interest of PDE4 inhibitors and support further experiments to evaluate this approach in metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Louveau
- Department of Pharmacology and Tumor Genomics, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), Paris, France
| | - Coralie Reger De Moura
- Department of Pharmacology and Tumor Genomics, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), Paris, France
| | - Fanélie Jouenne
- Department of Pharmacology and Tumor Genomics, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Sadoux
- Department of Pharmacology and Tumor Genomics, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), Paris, France
| | - Clara Allayous
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Da Meda
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Bernard-Cacciarella
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), Paris, France
| | - Barouyr Baroudjian
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Céleste Lebbé
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), Paris, France
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Samia Mourah
- Department of Pharmacology and Tumor Genomics, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dumaz
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), Paris, France
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Bhat AM, Haroon R, Naikoo S, Sharma RR, Archoo S, Tasduq SA. (2-Methylbutyryl)shikonin Naturally Occurring Shikonin Derivative Ameliorates the α-MSH-Induced Melanogenesis via ERK1/2 and p38 MAP Kinase-Mediated Down-Regulation of the MITF Transcription Factor. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:274-284. [PMID: 38271289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous pigmentation is an important phenotypic trait whose regulation, despite recent advances, has yet to be completely elucidated. Melanogenesis, a physiological process of melanin production, is imperative for organism survival as it provides protection against the environmental insults that majorly involve sunlight-induced skin photodamage. However, immoderate melanin synthesis can cause pigmentation disorders associated with a psychosocial impact. In this study, the hypopigmentation effect of (2-methylbutyryl)shikonin, a natural product present in the root extract of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and the underlying mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of melanin synthesis in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells and C57BL/6J mice was studied. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of (2-methylbutyryl)shikonin significantly repressed cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in both in vitro and in vivo models (C57BL/6J mice). (2-Methylbutyryl)shikonin remarkably abolished the protein expression of MITF, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and tyrosinase-related protein 2, thereby blocking the production of pigment melanin via modulating the phosphorylation status of MAPK proteins, viz., ERK1/2 and p38. In addition, specific inhibition of ERK1/2 attenuated the inhibitory effects of (2-methylbutyryl)shikonin on melanin synthesis, whereas selective inhibition of p38 augmented the inhibitory effect of BSHK on melanin synthesis. Moreover, topical application of (2-methylbutyryl)shikonin on C57BL/6J mouse tails remarkably induced tail depigmentation. In conclusion, with these findings, we, for the first time, report the hypopigmentation effect of (2-methylbutyryl)shikonin via inhibition of cellular tyrosinase enzyme activity, subsequently ameliorating the melanin production, thereby indicating that (2-methylbutyryl)shikonin is a potential natural therapy for hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalim Maqsood Bhat
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Rashid Haroon
- Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190011, India
| | - Shahid Naikoo
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Raghu Rai Sharma
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Sajeeda Archoo
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Sheikh A Tasduq
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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Oh JH, Karadeniz F, Seo Y, Kong CS. Dietary flavonoid myricetin 3- O-galactoside suppresses α-melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells by regulating PKA and ERK1/2 activation. Z NATURFORSCH C 2023; 78:399-407. [PMID: 37703186 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Melanogenesis is the process where skin pigment melanin is produced through tyrosinase activity. Overproduction of melanin causes skin disorders such as freckles, spots, and hyperpigmentation. Myricetin 3-O-galactoside (M3G) is a dietary flavonoid with reported bioactivities. M3G was isolated from Limonium tetragonum and its anti-melanogenic properties were investigated in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. The in vitro anti-melanogenic capacity of M3G was confirmed by inhibited tyrosinase and melanin production. M3G-mediated suppression of melanogenic proteins, tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and tyrosinase-related proteins (TRP)-1 and TRP-2, were confirmed by mRNA and protein levels, analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Furthermore, M3G suppressed Wnt signaling through the inhibition of PKA phosphorylation. M3G also suppressed the consequent phosphorylation of CREB and nuclear levels of MITF. Analysis of MAPK activation further revealed that M3G increased the activation of ERK1/2 while p38 and JNK activation remained unaffected. Results showed that M3G suppressed melanogenesis in B16F10 cells by decreasing tyrosinase production and therefore inhibiting melanin formation. A possible action mechanism was the suppression of CREB activation and upregulation of ERK phosphorylation which might cause the decreased nuclear levels of MITF. In conclusion, M3G was suggested to be a potential nutraceutical with anti-melanogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Oh
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
- Nutritional Education, Graduate School of Education, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Fatih Karadeniz
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Convergence on Marine Science, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
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Park S, Han N, Lee J, Lee JN, An S, Bae S. Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Lilium lancifolium Root Extract via Downregulation of PKA/CREB and MAPK/CREB Signaling Pathways in B16F10 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3666. [PMID: 37960022 PMCID: PMC10648933 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation disorders causing emotional distress require the topical use of depigmenting agents of natural origin. In this study, the anti-melanogenic effects of the Lilium lancifolium root extract (LRE) were investigated in B16F10 cells. Consequently, a non-cytotoxic concentration of the extract reduced intracellular melanin content and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner, correlating with the diminished expression of core melanogenic enzymes within cells. LRE treatment also inhibited cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB)/microphthalmia-associated transcription factor signaling, which regulates the expression of tyrosinase-related genes. Upon examining these findings from a molecular mechanism perspective, LRE treatment suppressed the phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA), p38, and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), which are upstream regulators of CREB. In addition, L-phenylalanine and regaloside A, specifically identified within the LRE using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, exhibited inhibitory effects on melanin production. Collectively, these results imply that LRE potentially suppresses cAMP-mediated melanogenesis by downregulating PKA/CREB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/CREB signaling pathways. Therefore, it can be employed as a novel therapeutic ingredient of natural origin to ameliorate hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokmuk Park
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (N.H.)
| | - Nayeon Han
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (N.H.)
- Dermato Bio, Inc., #505, Techno Cube, 13-18 Songdogwahak-ro 16beon-gil, Yeongsu-gu, Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jungmin Lee
- Dermato Bio, Inc., #505, Techno Cube, 13-18 Songdogwahak-ro 16beon-gil, Yeongsu-gu, Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Nam Lee
- Department of Cosmetology, Graduate School of Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sungkwan An
- Eco Up Bio, Inc., 373 Chang-ui-ri, Seorak-myeon, Gapyeong-gun 477852, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (N.H.)
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9
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Zhang W, Jin M, Lu Z, Li T, Wang H, Yuan Z, Wei C. Whole Genome Resequencing Reveals Selection Signals Related to Wool Color in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3265. [PMID: 37893989 PMCID: PMC10603731 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wool color is controlled by a variety of genes. Although the gene regulation of some wool colors has been studied in relative depth, there may still be unknown genetic variants and control genes for some colors or different breeds of wool that need to be identified and recognized by whole genome resequencing. Therefore, we used whole genome resequencing data to compare and analyze sheep populations of different breeds by population differentiation index and nucleotide diversity ratios (Fst and θπ ratio) as well as extended haplotype purity between populations (XP-EHH) to reveal selection signals related to wool coloration in sheep. Screening in the non-white wool color group (G1 vs. G2) yielded 365 candidate genes, among which PDE4B, GMDS, GATA1, RCOR1, MAPK4, SLC36A1, and PPP3CA were associated with the formation of non-white wool; an enrichment analysis of the candidate genes yielded 21 significant GO terms and 49 significant KEGG pathways (p < 0.05), among which 17 GO terms and 21 KEGG pathways were associated with the formation of non-white wool. Screening in the white wool color group (G2 vs. G1) yielded 214 candidate genes, including ABCD4, VSX2, ITCH, NNT, POLA1, IGF1R, HOXA10, and DAO, which were associated with the formation of white wool; an enrichment analysis of the candidate genes revealed 9 significant GO-enriched pathways and 19 significant KEGG pathways (p < 0.05), including 5 GO terms and 12 KEGG pathways associated with the formation of white wool. In addition to furthering our understanding of wool color genetics, this research is important for breeding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (W.Z.); (M.J.); (T.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (W.Z.); (M.J.); (T.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Zengkui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China;
| | - Taotao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (W.Z.); (M.J.); (T.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Huihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (W.Z.); (M.J.); (T.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Zehu Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Caihong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (W.Z.); (M.J.); (T.L.); (H.W.)
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10
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Wang JH, Hwang SJ, Lee SK, Choi Y, Byun CK, Son CG. Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Fractioned Cynanchum atratum by Regulation of cAMP/MITF Pathway in a UVB-Stimulated Mice Model. Cells 2023; 12:1390. [PMID: 37408224 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on traditional pharmacological applications and partial in vitro data, Cynanchum atratum (CA) is proposed to act on skin whitening. However, its functional evaluation and underlying mechanisms have yet to be identified. This study aimed to examine the anti-melanogenesis activity of CA fraction B (CAFB) on UVB-induced skin hyperpigmentation. Forty C57BL/6j mice were exposed to UVB (100 mJ/cm2, five times/week) for eight weeks. After irradiation, CAFB was applied to the left ear once a day for 8 weeks (the right ear served as an internal control). The results showed that CAFB significantly reduced melanin production in the ear skin, as indicated by the gray value and Mexameter melanin index. In addition, CAFB treatment notably decreased melanin production in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 melanocytes, along with a significant reduction in tyrosinase activity. Cellular cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate), MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor), and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1) were also noticeably downregulated by CAFB. In conclusion, CAFB is a promising ingredient for treating skin disorders caused by the overproduction of melanin and its underlying mechanisms involving the modulation of tyrosinase, mainly mediated by the regulation of the cAMP cascade and MITF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Wang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ju Hwang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam-Keun Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Se-Myung University, Jecheon-si 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Byun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
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11
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Zhai Z, Yamauchi T, Shangraw S, Hou V, Matsumoto A, Fujita M. Ethanol Metabolism and Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1258. [PMID: 36831600 PMCID: PMC9954650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Despite significant efforts in sun protection education, melanoma incidence is still rising globally, drawing attention to other socioenvironmental risk factors for melanoma. Ethanol and acetaldehyde (AcAH) are ubiquitous in our diets, medicines, alcoholic beverages, and the environment. In the liver, ethanol is primarily oxidized to AcAH, a toxic intermediate capable of inducing tumors by forming adducts with proteins and DNA. Once in the blood, ethanol and AcAH can reach the skin. Although, like the liver, the skin has metabolic mechanisms to detoxify ethanol and AcAH, the risk of ethanol/AcAH-associated skin diseases increases when the metabolic enzymes become dysfunctional in the skin. This review highlights the evidence linking cutaneous ethanol metabolism and melanoma. We summarize various sources of skin ethanol and AcAH and describe how the reduced activity of each alcohol metabolizing enzyme affects the sensitivity threshold to ethanol/AcAH toxicity. Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database also show that three ethanol metabolizing enzymes (alcohol dehydrogenase 1B, P450 2E1, and catalase) and an AcAH metabolizing enzyme (aldehyde dehydrogenase 2) are significantly reduced in melanoma tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Takeshi Yamauchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sarah Shangraw
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vincent Hou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Akiko Matsumoto
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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12
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Stolwijk JA, Wallner S, Heider J, Kurz B, Pütz L, Michaelis S, Goricnik B, Erl J, Frank L, Berneburg M, Haubner F, Wegener J, Schreml S. GPR4 in the pH-dependent migration of melanoma cells in the tumor microenvironment. Exp Dermatol 2022; 32:479-490. [PMID: 36562556 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to its high metastatic potential, malignant melanoma is one of the deadliest skin cancers. In melanoma as well as in other cancers, acidification of the tumor microenvironment (=TME, inverse pH-gradient) is a well-known driver of tumor progression and metastasis. Membrane-bound receptors, such as the proton-sensitive GPCR (pH-GPCR) GPR4, are considered as potential initiators of the signalling cascades relevant to malignant transformation. In this study, we investigated the pH-dependent migration of GPR4 wildtype/overexpressing SK-Mel-28 cells using an impedance-based electrical wounding and migration assay and classical Boyden chamber experiments. Migration of GPR4 overexpressing SK-Mel-28 cells was enhanced in a range of pH 6.5-7.5 as compared to controls in the impedance-based electrical wounding and migration assay. In Boyden chamber experiments, GPR4 overexpression only increased migration at pH 7.5 in a Matrigel-free setup, but not at pH 6.5. Results indicate that GPR4 is involved in the migration of melanoma cells, especially in the tumor periphery, and that this process is affected by pH in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Anthea Stolwijk
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Wallner
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Judith Heider
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernadett Kurz
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Pütz
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Michaelis
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Research Institution for Microsystems and Solid State Technologies EMFT, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Goricnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Erl
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Linda Frank
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Haubner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Wegener
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Research Institution for Microsystems and Solid State Technologies EMFT, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Plants as Modulators of Melanogenesis: Role of Extracts, Pure Compounds and Patented Compositions in Therapy of Pigmentation Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314787. [PMID: 36499134 PMCID: PMC9736547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The kingdom of plants as a "green biofabric" of valuable bioactive molecules has long been used in many ailments. Currently, extracts and pure compounds of plant origin are used to aid in pigmentation skin problems by influencing the process of melanogenesis. Melanin is a very important pigment that protects human skin against ultraviolet radiation and oxidative stress. It is produced by a complex process called melanogenesis. However, disturbances in the melanogenesis mechanism may increase or decrease the level of melanin and generate essential skin problems, such as hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation. Accordingly, inhibitors or activators of pigment formation are desirable for medical and cosmetic industry. Such properties may be exhibited by molecules of plant origin. Therefore, that literature review presents reports on plant extracts, pure compounds and compositions that may modulate melanin production in living organisms. The potential of plants in the therapy of pigmentation disorders has been highlighted.
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14
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Zhang L, Wan M, Tohti R, Jin D, Zhong TP. Requirement of Zebrafish Adcy3a and Adcy5 in Melanosome Dispersion and Melanocyte Stripe Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214182. [PMID: 36430661 PMCID: PMC9693263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP-PKA signaling plays a pivotal role in melanin synthesis and melanosome transport by responding to the binding of the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) to melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R). Adenylate cyclases (ADCYs) are the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of cAMP from ATP, which comprises nine transmembrane isoforms (ADCYs 1-9) and one soluble adenylate cyclase (ADCY 10) in mammals. However, little is known about which and how ADCY isoforms regulate melanocyte generation, melanin biosynthesis, and melanosome transport in vivo. In this study, we have generated a series of single and double mutants of Adcy isoforms in zebrafish. Among them, adcy3a-/- and adcy5-/- double mutants cause defects in melanosome dispersion but do not impair melanoblast differentiation and melanocyte regeneration during the embryonic or larval stages. Activation of PKA, the main effector of cAMP signaling, significantly ameliorates the defects in melanosome dispersion in adcy3a-/- and adcy5-/- double mutants. Mechanistically, Adcy3a and Adcy5 regulate melanosome dispersion by activating kinesin-1 while inhibiting cytoplasmic dynein-1. In adult zebrafish, Adcy3a and Adcy5 participate in the regulation of the expression of microphthalmia transcription factor (Mitfa) and melanin synthesis enzymes Tyr, Dct, and Trp1b. The deletion of Adcy3a and Adcy5 inhibits melanin production and reduces pigmented melanocyte numbers, causing a defect in establishing adult melanocyte stripes. Hence, our studies demonstrate that Adcy3a and Adcy5 play essential but redundant functions in mediating α-MSH-MC1R/cAMP-PKA signaling for regulating melanin synthesis and melanosome dispersion.
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15
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Kai-yuan J, Yi-Wei Z, Ru-jun W, Khan IM, Yun-hai Z. A genome-wide integrated analysis of lncRNA-mRNA in melanocytes from white and brown skin hair boer goats (Capra aegagrus hircus). Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1009174. [PMID: 36406077 PMCID: PMC9669430 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1009174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in many biological processes and have been extensively researched. Nonetheless, literature focusing on the roles of lncRNA in melanocytes is limited. Melanocytes are located in the basal layer of the epidermis and determine the color of an animal's skin and hair by producing melanin. The mechanisms of melanogenesis remain unclear. Here, melanocytes from Boer goat skins were successfully isolated and verified using morphological observation, dopamine staining, silver ammonia staining, and immunohistochemical staining in vitro. Phenotypic testing revealed that melanocytes isolated from goat skins with white and brown hairs showed significant differences in proliferation, migration, and melanogenesis (**P < 0.01). RNA sequencing was performed with the isolated melanocytes, and through bioinformatic analysis, several candidate lncRNAs and mRNAs involved in stage-specific melanogenesis were identified. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that miRNA precursors and cis-regulatory effects of lncRNAs were deeply dissected using the function prediction software. Multiple lncRNA–mRNA networks were presumed to be involved in melanocyte migration, proliferation, and melanogenesis based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation. This research provided novel bioinformatic insights into the roles of lncRNAs in mammalian pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Kai-yuan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding for Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhao Yi-Wei
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding for Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen Ru-jun
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding for Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ibrar Muhammad Khan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding for Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproduction Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Zhang Yun-hai
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding for Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Linquan Comprehensive Experimental Station of Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Agricultural University, Linquan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhang Yun-hai
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16
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Integrative QTL mapping and selection signatures in Groningen White Headed cattle inferred from whole-genome sequences. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276309. [PMID: 36288367 PMCID: PMC9605288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we aimed to identify and characterize genomic regions that differ between Groningen White Headed (GWH) breed and other cattle, and in particular to identify candidate genes associated with coat color and/or eye-protective phenotypes. Firstly, whole genome sequences of 170 animals from eight breeds were used to evaluate the genetic structure of the GWH in relation to other cattle breeds by carrying out principal components and model-based clustering analyses. Secondly, the candidate genomic regions were identified by integrating the findings from: a) a genome-wide association study using GWH, other white headed breeds (Hereford and Simmental), and breeds with a non-white headed phenotype (Dutch Friesian, Deep Red, Meuse-Rhine-Yssel, Dutch Belted, and Holstein Friesian); b) scans for specific signatures of selection in GWH cattle by comparison with four other Dutch traditional breeds (Dutch Friesian, Deep Red, Meuse-Rhine-Yssel and Dutch Belted) and the commercial Holstein Friesian; and c) detection of candidate genes identified via these approaches. The alignment of the filtered reads to the reference genome (ARS-UCD1.2) resulted in a mean depth of coverage of 8.7X. After variant calling, the lowest number of breed-specific variants was detected in Holstein Friesian (148,213), and the largest in Deep Red (558,909). By integrating the results, we identified five genomic regions under selection on BTA4 (70.2-71.3 Mb), BTA5 (10.0-19.7 Mb), BTA20 (10.0-19.9 and 20.0-22.7 Mb), and BTA25 (0.5-9.2 Mb). These regions contain positional and functional candidate genes associated with retinal degeneration (e.g., CWC27 and CLUAP1), ultraviolet protection (e.g., ERCC8), and pigmentation (e.g. PDE4D) which are probably associated with the GWH specific pigmentation and/or eye-protective phenotypes, e.g. Ambilateral Circumocular Pigmentation (ACOP). Our results will assist in characterizing the molecular basis of GWH phenotypes and the biological implications of its adaptation.
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17
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Batcher K, Varney S, Affolter VK, Friedenberg SG, Bannasch D. An SNN retrocopy insertion upstream of GPR22 is associated with dark red coat color in Poodles. G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2022; 12:6680184. [PMID: 36047852 PMCID: PMC9635648 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pigment production and distribution is controlled through multiple genes, resulting in a wide range of coat color phenotypes in dogs. Dogs that produce only the pheomelanin pigment vary in intensity from white to deep red. The Poodle breed has a wide range of officially recognized coat colors, including the pheomelanin-based white, cream, apricot, and red coat colors, which are not fully explained by the previously identified genetic variants involved in pigment intensity. Here, a genome-wide association study for pheomelanin intensity was performed in Poodles which identified an association on canine chromosome 18. Whole-genome sequencing data revealed an SNN retrocopy insertion (SNNL1) in apricot and red Poodles within the associated region on chromosome 18. While equal numbers of melanocytes were observed in all Poodle skin hair bulbs, higher melanin content was observed in the darker Poodles. Several genes involved in melanogenesis were also identified as highly overexpressed in red Poodle skin. The most differentially expressed gene however was GPR22, which was highly expressed in red Poodle skin while unexpressed in white Poodle skin (log2 fold change in expression 6.1, P < 0.001). GPR22 is an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor normally expressed exclusively in the brain and heart. The SNNL1 retrocopy inserted 2.8 kb upstream of GPR22 and is likely disrupting regulation of the gene, resulting in atypical expression in the skin. Thus, we identify the SNNL1 insertion as a candidate variant for the CFA18 pheomelanin intensity locus in red Poodles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Batcher
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California , Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Scarlett Varney
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California , Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Verena K Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, University of California, Davis , Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steven G Friedenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota , St Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Danika Bannasch
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California , Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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18
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Dlamini NM, Dzomba EF, Magawana M, Ngcamu S, Muchadeyi FC. Linkage Disequilibrium, Haplotype Block Structures, Effective Population Size and Genome-Wide Signatures of Selection of Two Conservation Herds of the South African Nguni Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162133. [PMID: 36009722 PMCID: PMC9405234 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nguni cattle of South Africa are a Sanga breed, characterized by many eco-types and research populations that have been established in an effort to conserve the diversity within the breed. The aim of this study was to investigate the overall genetic diversity as well as similarities and differences within and between two conservation herds of the South African Nguni Cattle. Mean LD (r2) estimates were 0.413 ± 0.219 for Bartlow Combine and 0.402 ± 0.209 for Kokstad. Genome-wide average LD (r2) decreased with increasing genetic marker distance for both populations from an average of 0.76 ± 0.28 and 0.77 ± 0.27 at 0–1 kb bin to 0.31 ± 0.13 and 0.32 ± 0.13 at 900–1000 kb bin in Bartlow Combine and Kokstad populations, respectively. Variation in LD levels across autosomes was observed in both populations. The results showed higher levels of LD than previously reported in Nguni field populations and other South African breeds, especially at shorter marker distances of less than 20 kb. A total number of 77,305 and 66,237 haplotype blocks covering a total of 1570.09 Mb (61.99% genome coverage) and 1367.42 Mb (53.96% genome coverage) were detected in Bartlow Combine and Kokstad populations, respectively. A total of 18,449 haploblocks were shared between the two populations while 58,856 and 47,788 haploblocks were unique to Bartlow Combine and Kokstad populations, respectively. Effective population size (Ne) results demonstrated a rapid decrease in Ne across generations for both Bartlow Combine and Kokstad conservation herds. Two complementary methods, integrated haplotype score (iHS) and Extend Haplotype Homozygosity Test (XP-EHH), were implemented in this study to detect the selection signatures in the two herds. A total of 553 and 166 selected regions were identified in Bartlow Combine and Kokstad populations, respectively. DAVID and GO terms analysis of the regions under selection reported genes/QTLs associated with fertility, carcass weight, coat colour, immune response, and eye area pigmentation. Some genes, such as HCAR1, GNAI1, PIK3R3, WNT3, RAB5A, BOLA-N (Class IB MHC Antigen QA-2-Related), BOLA (Class IB MHC Antigen QA-2-Related), and Rab-8B, etc., were found in regions under selection in this study. Overall, the study implied reduced genetic diversity in the two herds calling for corrective measures to maintain the diversity of the South African Nguni cattle. This study presented a comprehensive analysis of the genomic architecture of South African Nguni cattle populations, providing essential genetic information of utility in the management of conservation flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njabulo M. Dlamini
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa or
- Agricultural Research Council, Biotechnology Platform, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Edgar F. Dzomba
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa or
| | - Mpumelelo Magawana
- KZN Department of Agriculture & Rural Development, Private Bag X9059, Pietermaritzburg 3200, South Africa
| | - Sphamandla Ngcamu
- KZN Department of Agriculture & Rural Development, Private Bag X9059, Pietermaritzburg 3200, South Africa
| | - Farai C. Muchadeyi
- Agricultural Research Council, Biotechnology Platform, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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19
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de Assis LVM, Lacerda JT, Moraes MN, Domínguez-Amorocho OA, Kinker GS, Mendes D, Silva MM, Menck CFM, Câmara NOS, Castrucci AMDL. Melanopsin (Opn4) is an oncogene in cutaneous melanoma. Commun Biol 2022; 5:461. [PMID: 35562405 PMCID: PMC9106662 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new therapeutical targets for cutaneous melanoma and other cancers is an ongoing task. We expanded this knowledge by evaluating whether opsins, light- and thermo-sensing proteins, could display tumor-modulatory effects on melanoma cancer. Using different experimental approaches, we show that melanoma cell proliferation is slower in the absence of Opn4, compared to Opn4WT due to an impaired cell cycle progression and reduced melanocyte inducing transcription factor (Mitf) expression. In vivo tumor progression of Opn4KO cells is remarkably reduced due to slower proliferation, and higher immune system response in Opn4KO tumors. Using pharmacological assays, we demonstrate that guanylyl cyclase activity is impaired in Opn4KO cells. Evaluation of Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database confirms our experimental data as reduced MITF and OPN4 expression in human melanoma correlates with slower cell cycle progression and presence of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Proteomic analyses of tumor bulk show that the reduced growth of Opn4KO tumors is associated with reduced Mitf signaling, higher translation of G2/M proteins, and impaired guanylyl cyclase activity. Conversely, in Opn4WT tumors increased small GTPase and an immune-suppressive TME are found. Such evidence points to OPN4 as an oncogene in melanoma, which could be pharmacologically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - José Thalles Lacerda
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Nathália Moraes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Sarti Kinker
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology A. C. Camargo Cancer Center - International Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Davi Mendes
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Molina Silva
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Targeting GPCRs and Their Signaling as a Therapeutic Option in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030706. [PMID: 35158973 PMCID: PMC8833576 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sixteen G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been involved in melanogenesis or melanomagenesis. Here, we review these GPCRs, their associated signaling, and therapies. Abstract G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) serve prominent roles in melanocyte lineage physiology, with an impact at all stages of development, as well as on mature melanocyte functions. GPCR ligands are present in the skin and regulate melanocyte homeostasis, including pigmentation. The role of GPCRs in the regulation of pigmentation and, consequently, protection against external aggression, such as ultraviolet radiation, has long been established. However, evidence of new functions of GPCRs directly in melanomagenesis has been highlighted in recent years. GPCRs are coupled, through their intracellular domains, to heterotrimeric G-proteins, which induce cellular signaling through various pathways. Such signaling modulates numerous essential cellular processes that occur during melanomagenesis, including proliferation and migration. GPCR-associated signaling in melanoma can be activated by the binding of paracrine factors to their receptors or directly by activating mutations. In this review, we present melanoma-associated alterations of GPCRs and their downstream signaling and discuss the various preclinical models used to evaluate new therapeutic approaches against GPCR activity in melanoma. Recent striking advances in our understanding of the structure, function, and regulation of GPCRs will undoubtedly broaden melanoma treatment options in the future.
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Molagoda IMN, Lee KT, Athapaththu AMGK, Choi YH, Hwang J, Sim SJ, Kang S, Kim GY. Flavonoid Glycosides from Ziziphus jujuba var. inermis (Bunge) Rehder Seeds Inhibit α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Mediated Melanogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147701. [PMID: 34299326 PMCID: PMC8304508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ziziphus jujuba extracts possess a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as antioxidant and anticancer activities in melanoma cancers. Nevertheless, the compounds contain high antioxidant capacities and anticancer activities in melanoma cells, shown to be effective in hyperpigmentation disorders, but whether flavonoid glycosides from Z. jujuba regulate anti-melanogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the anti-melanogenic activity of five flavonoid glycosides from Z. jujuba var. inermis (Bunge) Rehder seeds, including jujuboside A (JUA), jujuboside B (JUB), epiceanothic acid (EPA), betulin (BTL), and 6’’’-feruloylspinosin (FRS), in B16F10 melanoma cells and zebrafish larvae. According to our results, JUB, EPA, and FRS potently inhibited α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanogenesis and prevented hyperpigmentation in zebrafish larvae. In particular, under α-MSH-stimulated conditions, FRS most significantly inhibited α-MSH-induced intracellular and extracellular melanin content in B16F10 melanoma cells. Additionally, JUB, EPS, and FRS remarkably downregulated melanogenesis in α-MSH-treated zebrafish larvae, with no significant change in heart rate. Neither JUA nor BTA were effective in downregulating melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells and zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, JUB, EPA, and FRS directly inhibited in vitro mushroom tyrosinase enzyme activity. JUB, EPA, and FRS also downregulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), and subsequent microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase expression. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that JUB, EPA, and FRS isolated from Z. jujuba var. inermis (Bunge) Rehder seeds exhibit potent anti-melanogenic properties by inhibition of the cAMP-CERB-MITF axis and consequent tyrosinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilandarage Menu Neelaka Molagoda
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (I.M.N.M.); (A.M.G.K.A.)
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Tae Lee
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Jinju 52817, Korea; (K.-T.L.); (S.-J.S.)
| | | | - Yung-Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Korea;
| | - Jaeyoung Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea;
| | - Su-Jin Sim
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Jinju 52817, Korea; (K.-T.L.); (S.-J.S.)
| | - Sanghyuck Kang
- Korea Beauty Industry Development Institute, Jeju 63309, Korea;
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (I.M.N.M.); (A.M.G.K.A.)
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-756-3427
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22
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Chen Q, Zhou D, Abdel-Malek Z, Zhang F, Goff PS, Sviderskaya EV, Wakamatsu K, Ito S, Gross SS, Zippin JH. Measurement of Melanin Metabolism in Live Cells by [U-13C]-L-Tyrosine Fate Tracing Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1810-1818.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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Wakamatsu K, Zippin JH, Ito S. Chemical and biochemical control of skin pigmentation with special emphasis on mixed melanogenesis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:730-747. [PMID: 33751833 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melanins are widely distributed in animals and plants; in vertebrates, most melanins are present on the body surface. The diversity of pigmentation in vertebrates is mainly attributed to the quantity and ratio of eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis. Most natural melanin pigments in animals consist of both eumelanin and pheomelanin in varying ratios, and thus, their combined synthesis is called "mixed melanogenesis." Gene expression is an established mechanism for controlling melanin synthesis; however, there are multiple factors that affect melanin synthesis besides gene expression. Due to the differential sensitivity of the eumelanin and pheomelanin synthetic pathways to pH, melanosomal pH likely plays a major role in mixed melanogenesis. Here, we focused on various factors affecting mixed melanogenesis including (1) chemical regulation of melanin synthesis, (2) melanosomal pH regulation during normal melanogenesis and effect on mixed melanogenesis, and (3) mechanisms of melanosomal pH control (proton pumps, channels, transporters, and signaling pathways).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Jonathan H Zippin
- Department of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shosuke Ito
- Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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