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Fluhr JW, Herzog L, Darlenski R, Mentel T, Zuberbier T. Short-term Heat Application Reduces Itch Intensity in Atopic Dermatitis: Insights from Mechanical Induction and Real-life Episodes. Acta Derm Venereol 2024; 104:adv40127. [PMID: 38887031 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v104.40127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat application is known to activate transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which play a crucial role in sensory perception, including itch. In this study, the effect of a 5-s, 49°C heat application on itch intensity in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients was evaluated. The study comprised 2 parts: a controlled trial investigating the impact of brief heat treatment on mechanically induced itch, and a real-life study of AD patients experiencing itch attacks. A significant and immediate reduction in itch sensations following heat application was shown, with effects enduring over time. This response, however, showed notable individual variability, underscoring the potential of personalized approaches in AD treatment. Repeated applications of heat showed no habituation effect, suggesting its viability as a non-pharmacological, patient-tailored option for managing itch in AD. Further research in larger cohorts is warranted to refine treatment protocols and deepen understanding of the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim W Fluhr
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany.
| | - Leonie Herzog
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Frankfurt-Am-Main, Germany
| | - Razvigor Darlenski
- - Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | | | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany
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Chiriac A, Wollina U. Diaper dermatitis-a narrative review of clinical presentation, subtypes, and treatment. Wien Med Wochenschr 2023:10.1007/s10354-023-01024-6. [PMID: 37861874 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-023-01024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Diaper dermatitis (DD) is an umbrella term with different clinical presentations, pathophysiology, treatments, and outcomes. The major subtypes include irritant contact dermatitis and candida-associated DD. In case of atypical presentation or unresponsiveness to treatment, other differential diagnoses should be considered. Although DD can occur at any age, it peaks in newborns and infants < 2 years of age. We will focus on this age group in our narrative review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Chiriac
- Department of Dermatology, Nicolina Medical Center, Iasi, Romania.
- Apollonia University, Iasi, Romania.
- P. Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Uwe Wollina
- Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany
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Buzzo CMVDC, Converti A, da Silva JA, Apolinário AC. Quality by design enabled the development of stable and effective oil-in-water emulsions at compounding pharmacy: the case of a sunscreen formulation. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 26:1090-1101. [PMID: 34617471 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.1990946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the use of topical sunscreens has medical importance with potential to prevent skin damage by protecting from solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) effects. Pharmaceutical emulsions require an optimal qualitative and quantitative combination of emollients, emulsifiers and others compounds such as softening agents and, for sunscreens, a combination of chemical and physical UV filters. Herein, we applied the quality by design (QbD) concept to achieve stable and effective compounded sunscreen emulsions. By using the statistical tool of design of experiments, it was possible to identify the influence of emulsifier type (with low and high Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance) and concentrations of emollient and softening agent on the achievement of formulations with suitable organoleptic and physicochemical features. Compounded emulsions with pleasant macroscopic aspects were obtained. Three formulations with physicochemical properties in targeted ranges were selected, namely pH ∼6.0, conductivity > 0.0 µS/cm2, spreadability factor ∼1-1.5 g/mm2, viscosity ∼12000 mPa.s and sunscreen protection factor ∼30. Freeze-thaw cycle and accelerated stability study under different storage conditions allowed selecting a stable emulsion that ensured photoprotection in biological assays. The QbD approach was essential to select the best, low-cost compounded sunscreen emulsion, with targeted physicochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Maria Vargas da Costa Buzzo
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Bairro Universitário - Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.,Dilecta, Compounding Pharmacy, João Pessoa, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Attilio Converti
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering Pole, Genoa, Italy
| | - José Alexsandro da Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Bairro Universitário - Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Alexsandra Conceição Apolinário
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gustin J, Bohman L, Ogle J, Fadayel G, Mitchell MC, Narendran V, Visscher MO, Carr AN. Improving newborn skin health: Effects of diaper care regimens on skin pH and erythema. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:768-774. [PMID: 34060142 PMCID: PMC8453578 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Newborn infant skin is functional but immature, and diapering products can play a significant role in infant diapered skin health. Previous work demonstrated a regimen consisting of a diaper with an emollient and apertures on the inner liner (topsheet) with an acidic, pH-buffered wipe (Regimen A) lowered newborn skin pH and reduced the enzymatic activity on skin post-stool cleaning versus a regimen without these features (Regimen B). This study extends these findings to determine the impact of Regimen A on diaper area erythema severity over a 2-week use period. METHODS This IRB-approved, blinded, randomized, crossover study enrolled newborn infants >7 days and ≤8 weeks. Participants exclusively used two unique diaper and wipe combinations, Regimen A and Regimen B (non-emollient, non-aperture containing topsheet and wipe with limited buffering capacity), each for 14 days and preceded by a 3-day washout regimen. RESULTS Diapered skin pH was reduced during Regimen A use to values similar to that of a non-diapered control site (chest), while use of Regimen B was associated with a more alkaline skin pH. Regimen A resulted in significantly fewer severe erythema episodes. At the site of highest erythema, the perianal space, the average erythema score was significantly lower and more newborns were free of erythema while using Regimen A vs. Regimen B (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that diapering products can have a significant impact on newborn skin. They reinforce the need to support the physiological normalization of skin pH and protection from skin irritation and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Bohman
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Julie Ogle
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gina Fadayel
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Vivek Narendran
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marty O Visscher
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Visscher MO, Carr AN, Narendran V. Premature infant skin barrier maturation: status at full-term corrected age. J Perinatol 2021; 41:232-239. [PMID: 32493903 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-0704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of gestational age (GA) and postnatal age on skin barrier integrity by comparing premature infants at full-term corrected age with infants born at term. STUDY DESIGN Parallel comparison of chest skin in 36 premature infants with 39 full-term infants using daily measures of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin pH, erythema and rash, over 2 weeks. RESULT Chest skin pH was significantly lower for premature infants, indicating that acid mantle formation had occurred in the premature versus full-term infants. Chest TEWL was significantly higher for premature versus full-term infants over 2 weeks, suggesting that even 7-8 weeks after birth, skin integrity is poorer in premature infants. CONCLUSION Skin barrier properties of premature infants at adjusted full-term age differ from full-term infants, suggesting that epidermal barrier development depends on GA and time from birth. These maturational differences may influence premature infant response to topical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marty O Visscher
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | | | - Vivek Narendran
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Gustin J, Bohman L, Ogle J, Chaudhary T, Li L, Fadayel G, Mitchell MC, Narendran V, Visscher MO, Carr AN. Use of an emollient-containing diaper and pH-buffered wipe regimen restores skin pH and reduces residual enzymatic activity. Pediatr Dermatol 2020; 37:626-631. [PMID: 32314466 PMCID: PMC7496339 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Diaper dermatitis is one of the most frequent skin conditions affecting infants and is associated with elevated skin pH, exposure to urine and feces, and increased fecal protease and lipase activity, resulting in stratum corneum barrier damage and increased risk of infection. The study aim was to determine the impact of two diaper and wipe regimens on newborn infant skin pH and residual enzyme activity after stool cleaning. METHODS Two diaper and wipe regimens were compared in a randomized, single-blinded crossover study. Regimen A paired an emollient-containing diaper with an acidic, pH-buffered wipe. Regimen B was a non-emollient diaper and wipe with limited buffering capacity. A 3-day washout period preceded each 3-day regimen use period. Skin pH at the perianal/buttocks interface (PBI), genital region, and undiapered chest control were measured at baseline and day 3. Skin swabs were collected for residual enzyme activity after a stool cleaning event. RESULTS Diapered skin pH at the PBI was similar to undiapered skin after 3 days of use for Regimen A, while PBI pH for Regimen B was elevated versus control. PBI pH was lower for Regimen A versus Regimen B. After a stool cleaning, PBI skin pH for Regimen A was lower immediately and had lower residual enzyme activity versus Regimen B (P < .05), and the pH-lowering effect was sustained up to 60 minutes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the use of an emollient-containing diaper with a pH-buffered wipe creates conditions favorable to optimum diapered skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Bohman
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Julie Ogle
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Lijuan Li
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gina Fadayel
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Vivek Narendran
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marty O Visscher
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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