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Yang Y, Huang J, Zeng A, Long X, Yu N, Wang X. The role of the skin microbiome in wound healing. Burns Trauma 2024; 12:tkad059. [PMID: 38444635 PMCID: PMC10914219 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The efficient management of skin wounds for rapid and scarless healing represents a major clinical unmet need. Nonhealing skin wounds and undesired scar formation impair quality of life and result in high healthcare expenditure worldwide. The skin-colonizing microbiota contributes to maintaining an intact skin barrier in homeostasis, but it also participates in the pathogenesis of many skin disorders, including aberrant wound healing, in many respects. This review focuses on the composition of the skin microbiome in cutaneous wounds of different types (i.e. acute and chronic) and with different outcomes (i.e. nonhealing and hypertrophic scarring), mainly based on next-generation sequencing analyses; furthermore, we discuss the mechanistic insights into host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions during wound healing. Finally, we highlight potential therapeutic strategies that target the skin microbiome to improve healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiuzuo Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ang Zeng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Nanze Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
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Coelho ALS, Laroque DA, Feuser PE, de Andrade CJ, Carciofi BAM, de Oliveira D. Effects of Mannosylerythritol-Lipids-B on Cutibacterium acnes ATCC 6919. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:225-228. [PMID: 38468738 PMCID: PMC10924808 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol-lipids-B (MEL-B) are microbial-produced glycolipids with skincare properties, notably moisturizing, antimelanogenic, antimicrobial, and antiaging. Thus, there is a potential use of MEL-B in a formulation for treating acne-prone skin. This study investigated the antimicrobial effect of MEL-B against the Gram-positive bacteria Cutibacterium acnes. The broth macro dilution method was used to evaluate the growth of C. acnes (3-4 CFU/mL), in the absence (positive control) or presence of MEL-B (128, 192, 256, and 512 μg/mL). Additionally, the leakage of genetic materials was used to determine the potential drug-induced membrane disruption of glycolipids. The amount of DNA and RNA release was quantified spectrophotometrically at 260 nm. Macro dilution technique and membrane integrity experiments showed that MEL-B does not have antimicrobial activity against C. acnes. Indeed, MEL-B assisted C. acnes growth. Ultimately, MEL-B has been reported as a remarkably active compound for skincare formulations; however, preliminarily, it should be avoided for acneic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. S. Coelho
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Denise A. Laroque
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Paulo E. Feuser
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Cristiano J. de Andrade
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Bruno A. M. Carciofi
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
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Numata T, Iwamoto K, Matsunae K, Miyake R, Suehiro M, Yanagida N, Kan T, Takahagi S, Hide M, Tanaka A. A Staphylococcus epidermidis strain inhibits the uptake of Staphylococcus aureus derived from atopic dermatitis skin into the keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 113:113-120. [PMID: 38395669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various bacterial species form a microbiome in the skin. In the past, dead Staphylococcus aureus derived from atopic dermatitis (AD) are taken up by keratinocytes; however, whether live S. aureus can be taken up by keratinocytes is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine whether live AD strains of S. aureus internalize into the keratinocytes and how the internalization changes under conditions in which other bacterial species including S. epidermidis are present. METHODS HaCaT cells were cultured with live S. aureus and S. epidermidis (live or heat-treated) or their culture supernatants. After coculture, the change in the amount of S. aureus in the cytoplasm of HaCaT cells was analyzed using, a high-throughput imaging system, Opera Phenix™. RESULTS Live S. aureus were taken up in the cytoplasm of HaCaT cells. Coculturing live S. aureus with live S. epidermidis or the culture supernatants decreased the abundance of S. aureus in the cytoplasm. The heat-treated culture supernatants of live S. epidermidis or culture supernatants of other S. strains did not decrease the abundance of S. aureus in the cytoplasm. CONCLUSION Live S. aureus was internalized into the cytoplasm of HaCaT cells as does heat-treated S. aureus. In addition, the heat-sensitive substances secreted by coculture with S. epidermidis and keratinocytes inhibited the uptake of S. aureus by keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Numata
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Iwamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kyouka Matsunae
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryu Miyake
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Suehiro
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nozomi Yanagida
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kan
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takahagi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hide
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akio Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Tartari E, Bellissimo-Rodrigues F, Pires D, Fankhauser C, Lotfinejad N, Saito H, Suchomel M, Kramer A, Allegranzi B, Boyce J, Sax H, Stewardson AJ, Pittet D. Updates and future directions regarding hand hygiene in the healthcare setting: insights from the 3rd ICPIC alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) task force. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2024; 13:26. [PMID: 38424571 PMCID: PMC10905912 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-024-01374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pose threats to global health. Effective hand hygiene is essential for preventing HAIs and the spread of AMR in healthcare. We aimed to highlight the recent progress and future directions in hand hygiene and alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) use in the healthcare setting. In September 2023, 42 experts in infection prevention and control (IPC) convened at the 3rd International Conference on Prevention and Infection Control (ICPIC) ABHR Taskforce in Geneva, Switzerland. The purpose of this meeting was to provide a synthesis of recent evidence and formulate a research agenda on four critical areas for the implementation of effective hand hygiene practices: (1) ABHR formulations and hand rubbing techniques, (2) low-resource settings and local production of ABHR, (3) hand hygiene monitoring and technological innovations, and (4) hand hygiene standards and guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermira Tartari
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Infection Prevention and Control Technical and Clinical Hub, Department of Integrated Health Services, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniela Pires
- National Institute of Health and Care Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nasim Lotfinejad
- Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hiroki Saito
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine. Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Global Health, . Mariana University Yokohama Seibu Hospital, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Miranda Suchomel
- Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Axel Kramer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Benedetta Allegranzi
- Infection Prevention and Control Technical and Clinical Hub, Department of Integrated Health Services, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - John Boyce
- J.M. Boyce Consulting, LLC, Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Hugo Sax
- Infection Prevention and Control Technical and Clinical Hub, Department of Integrated Health Services, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Stewardson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Didier Pittet
- Clean Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Medicine & Clean Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Ohkubo T, Matsumoto Y, Sasaki H, Kinoshita K, Ogasawara Y, Sugita T. Citrobacter koseri inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis by suppressing iron utilization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 691:149277. [PMID: 38029543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The human skin microbiome consists of many species of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis. Individuals with atopic dermatitis (AD) have an increased relative abundance of S. aureus, which exacerbates the inflammation of AD. Although S. epidermidis, a main component of healthy skin microbiota, inhibits the growth of S. aureus, the balance between S. epidermidis and S. aureus is disrupted in the skin of individuals with AD. In this study, we found that Citrobacter koseri isolated from patients with AD produces substances that inhibit the growth of S. epidermidis. Heat-treated culture supernatant (CS) of C. koseri inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis but not S. aureus. The genome of C. koseri has gene clusters related to siderophores and the heat-treated CS of C. koseri contained a high concentration of siderophores compared with the control medium. The inhibitory activity of C. koseri CS against the growth of S. epidermidis was decreased by the addition of iron, but not copper or zinc. Deferoxamine, an iron-chelating agent, also inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis, but not that of S. aureus. These findings suggest that C. koseri inhibits the growth of S. epidermidis by interfering with its iron utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Ohkubo
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan; Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Yuki Ogasawara
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugita
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
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Heo YM, Lee DG, Mun S, Kim M, Baek C, Lee H, Yun SK, Kang S, Han K. Skin benefits of postbiotics derived from Micrococcus luteus derived from human skin: an untapped potential for dermatological health. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:13-25. [PMID: 37971618 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin microbiome, a diverse community of microorganisms, plays a crucial role in maintaining skin health. Among these microorganisms, the gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus exhibits potential for promoting skin health. This study focuses on postbiotics derived from M. luteus YM-4, a strain isolated from human skin. OBJECTIVE Our objective is to explore the beneficial effects of YM-4 culture filtrate on dermatological health, including enhancing barrier function, modulating immune response, and aiding recovery from environmental damage. METHODS The effects of the YM-4 culture filtrate were tested on human keratinocytes and fibroblasts under various conditions using real-time PCR for gene expression analysis and fibroblast migration assays. A dehydration-simulated model was employed to prepare RNA-Seq samples from HaCaT cells treated with the YM-4 culture filtrate. Differentially expressed genes were identified and functionally classified through k-means clustering, gene ontology terms enrichment analyses, and protein-protein interactions mapping. RESULTS The YM-4 culture filtrate enhanced the expression of genes involved in skin hydration, hyaluronic acid synthesis, barrier function, and cell proliferation. It also reduced inflammation markers in keratinocytes and fibroblasts under stress conditions. It mitigated UVB-induced collagen degradation while promoted collagen synthesis, suggesting anti-aging properties, and accelerated wound healing processes by promoting cell proliferation and migration. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the YM-4 culture filtrate could reverse dehydration-induced transcriptional changes towards a state similar to untreated cells. CONCLUSION M. luteus YM-4 culture filtrate exhibits significant therapeutic potential for dermatological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mok Heo
- R&I Center, COSMAX BTI, Seongnam, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Geol Lee
- R&I Center, COSMAX BTI, Seongnam, 13486, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoung Mun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- R&I Center, COSMAX BTI, Seongnam, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyun Baek
- R&I Center, COSMAX BTI, Seongnam, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Lee
- R&I Center, COSMAX BTI, Seongnam, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Kyun Yun
- R&I Center, COSMAX BTI, Seongnam, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Kang
- R&I Center, COSMAX BTI, Seongnam, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Bio Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Troitsky TS, Laine VN, Lilley TM. When the host's away, the pathogen will play: the protective role of the skin microbiome during hibernation. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:66. [PMID: 38129884 PMCID: PMC10740296 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin of animals is enveloped by a symbiotic microscopic ecosystem known as the microbiome. The host and microbiome exhibit a mutualistic relationship, collectively forming a single evolutionary unit sometimes referred to as a holobiont. Although the holobiome theory highlights the importance of the microbiome, little is known about how the skin microbiome contributes to protecting the host. Existing studies focus on humans or captive animals, but research in wild animals is in its infancy. Specifically, the protective role of the skin microbiome in hibernating animals remains almost entirely overlooked. This is surprising, considering the massive population declines in hibernating North American bats caused by the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans, which causes white-nose syndrome. Hibernation offers a unique setting in which to study the function of the microbiome because, during torpor, the host's immune system becomes suppressed, making it susceptible to infection. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature on the protective role of the skin microbiome in non-human animals. We selected 230 publications that mentioned pathogen inhibition by microbes residing on the skin of the host animal. We found that the majority of studies were conducted in North America and focused on the bacterial microbiome of amphibians infected by the chytrid fungus. Despite mentioning pathogen inhibition by the skin microbiome, only 30.4% of studies experimentally tested the actual antimicrobial activity of symbionts. Additionally, only 7.8% of all publications studied defensive cutaneous symbionts during hibernation. With this review, we want to highlight the knowledge gap surrounding skin microbiome research in hibernating animals. For instance, research looking to mitigate the effects of white-nose syndrome in bats should focus on the antifungal microbiome of Palearctic bats, as they survive exposure to the Pseudogymnoascus destructans -pathogen during hibernation. We also recommend future studies prioritize lesser-known microbial symbionts, such as fungi, and investigate the effects of a combination of anti-pathogen microbes, as both areas of research show promise as probiotic treatments. By incorporating the protective skin microbiome into disease mitigation strategies, conservation efforts can be made more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Troitsky
- BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - V N Laine
- BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T M Lilley
- BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Stolarczyk A, Perez-Nazario N, Knowlden SA, Chinchilli E, Grier A, Paller A, Gill SR, De Benedetto A, Yoshida T, Beck LA. Bleach baths enhance skin barrier, reduce itch but do not normalize skin dysbiosis in atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:2883-2892. [PMID: 37755506 PMCID: PMC10615920 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02723-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that bleach baths improve atopic dermatitis (AD) severity; however, the effects on itch, skin barrier, and cutaneous microbial composition are less clear. We examined whether bleach baths reduce itch, normalize skin barrier function, reduce S. aureus absolute abundance, and increase microbial diversity in adults with AD who were colonized with S. aureus on their non-lesional skin. This was an open label, non-randomized, controlled trial performed at a single academic center. Fifteen AD and five non-atopic healthy controls (NA) were instructed to take two bleach baths (0.005% NaClO; 5-10 min duration) per week for a total of 12 weeks as add-on therapy. Adults 18 to 65 years (inclusive) with mild to severe AD were recruited with EASI score > 6.0, S. aureus culture positivity, access to a bathtub, and ability and willingness to maintain current topical or systemic treatments. They were evaluated at baseline (before bleach baths), 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after the intervention of twice-weekly bleach baths. Efficacy measurements included EASI as well as 5-D Pruritus and ItchyQoL™. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum (SC) integrity assay were performed to assess the skin barrier. Skin dysbiosis was measured by S. aureus cultivation, S. aureus abundance (qPCR of thermonuclease gene), and V1-V3 16S rRNA gene sequencing on non-lesional and lesional AD skin. After 12 weeks of bleach baths, 8/15 (53.3%) AD subjects achieved an EASI50 and a significant reduction in itch as measured by 5-D pruritus and Itchy QoL. Eighty-seven percent reported improvements in sleep quality. At study entry, AD subjects had higher non-lesional TEWL values than NA subjects, and only AD subjects experienced a reduction with bleach baths (p = 0.006). Similarly, SC integrity improved as early as 6 weeks after bleach baths in AD subjects. Notably, bleach baths had no significant effect on S. aureus culture-positivity, qPCR absolute abundance, or microbial diversity. The addition of twice-weekly bleach baths improves investigator-assessed AD severity, patient-reported pruritus and sleep as well as physiological measures of skin barrier function in adult AD subjects while having no effect on qualitative and quantitative measures of cutaneous S. aureus. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01996150, Date of registration: November 27th, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania Stolarczyk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 697, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Nelissa Perez-Nazario
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 697, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Sara A Knowlden
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 697, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Ellen Chinchilli
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 697, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Alex Grier
- University of Rochester Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Amy Paller
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven R Gill
- University of Rochester Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Anna De Benedetto
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 697, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 697, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Lisa A Beck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 697, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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9
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Jensen MG, Svraka L, Baez E, Lund M, Poehlein A, Brüggemann H. Species- and strain-level diversity of Corynebacteria isolated from human facial skin. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:366. [PMID: 38017392 PMCID: PMC10683109 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequencing of the human skin microbiome revealed that Corynebacterium is an ubiquitous and abundant bacterial genus on human skin. Shotgun sequencing further highlighted the microbial "dark matter" of the skin microbiome, consisting of microorganisms, including corynebacterial species that were not cultivated and genome-sequenced so far. In this pilot project, facial human skin swabs of 13 persons were cultivated to selectively obtain corynebacteria. 54 isolates were collected and 15 of these were genome-sequenced and the pan-genome was determined. The strains were biochemically characterized and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed. RESULTS Among the 15 sequenced strains, nine different corynebacterial species were found, including two so far undescribed species, tentatively named "Corynebacterium vikingii" and "Corynebacterium borealis", for which closed genome sequences were obtained. Strain variability beyond the species level was determined in biochemical tests, such as the variable presence of urease activity and the capacity to ferment different sugars. The ability to grow under anaerobic conditions on solid agar was found to be species-specific. AST revealed resistances to clindamycin in seven strains. A Corynebacterium pseudokroppenstedtii strain showed additional resistance towards beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone antibiotics; a chromosomally located 17 kb gene cluster with five antibiotic resistance genes was found in the closed genome of this strain. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this pilot study identified an astonishing diversity of cutaneous corynebacterial species in a relatively small cohort and determined species- and strain-specific individualities regarding biochemical and resistance profiles. This further emphasizes the need for cultivation-based studies to be able to study these microorganisms in more detail, in particular regarding their host-interacting and, potentially, -beneficial and/or -detrimental properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lejla Svraka
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elena Baez
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Lund
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Brüggemann
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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10
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Harel N, Ogen-Shtern N, Reshef L, Biran D, Ron EZ, Gophna U. Skin microbiome bacteria enriched following long sun exposure can reduce oxidative damage. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104138. [PMID: 37722498 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Sun exposure is harmful to the skin and increases the risk of skin aging and skin cancer. Here we examined the effects of daily exposure to sun radiation on the skin microbiome in order to determine whether skim microbiome bacteria can contribute to protection from solar damage. Skin swabs were collected from ten lifeguards before and after the summer to analyse the skin microbiome. The results indicate that specific skin microbiome bacteria were enriched following the seasonal sun exposure. Especially interesting were two bacterial families - Sphingomonas and Erythrobacteraceae - which may have the ability to protect against UV radiation as they produce potentially protective compounds. We concentrated on a Sphingomonas strain and could show that it was highly resistant to UV irradiation and was able to reduce reactive oxygen species levels in human keratinocytes. These results provide a proof-of-concept for the role of the skin microbiome in protection from solar radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Harel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel; Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Navit Ogen-Shtern
- The Skin Research Institute, Dead Sea and Arava Science Center and Eilat Campus, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - Leah Reshef
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Dvora Biran
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Eliora Z Ron
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Uri Gophna
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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11
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Manara S, Beghini F, Masetti G, Armanini F, Geat D, Galligioni G, Segata N, Farina S, Cristofolini M. Thermal Therapy Modulation of the Psoriasis-Associated Skin and Gut Microbiome. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2023; 13:2769-2783. [PMID: 37768448 PMCID: PMC10613183 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-01036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriasis is a systemic immune-mediated disease primarily manifesting as skin redness and inflammation. Balneotherapy proved to be a successful non-pharmacological option to reduce the skin areas affected by the disease, but the specific mechanisms underlying this effect have not been elucidated yet. Here we test the hypothesis that the effect of thermal treatments on psoriatic lesions could be partially mediated by changes in the resident microbial population, i.e., the microbiome. METHODS In this study, we enrolled patients with psoriasis and monitored changes in their skin and gut microbiome after a 12-bath balneotherapy course with a combination of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomics. Changes in the resident microbiome were then correlated with thermal therapy outcomes evaluated as changes in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Body Surface Area index (BSA). RESULTS The amplicon sequencing analysis of the skin microbiome showed that after thermal treatment the microbiome composition of affected areas improved to approach that typical of unaffected skin. We moreover identified some low-abundance bacterial biomarkers indicative of disease status and treatment efficacy, and we showed via metagenomic sequencing that thermal treatments and thermal water drinking affect the fecal microbiome to host more species associated with favorable metabolic health. CONCLUSIONS Changes in lower-abundance microbial taxa presence and abundance could be the basis for the positive effect of thermal water treatment and drinking on the cutaneous and systemic symptomatology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Manara
- Laboratory of Computational Metagenomics, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Beghini
- Laboratory of Computational Metagenomics, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123, Trento, Italy
- Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Giulia Masetti
- Laboratory of Computational Metagenomics, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Federica Armanini
- Laboratory of Computational Metagenomics, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Davide Geat
- Department of Dermatology, ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Galligioni
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Health Agency Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Segata
- Laboratory of Computational Metagenomics, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123, Trento, Italy.
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12
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Leonhardt F, Keller A, Arranz Aveces C, Ernst R. From Alien Species to Alien Communities: Host- and Habitat-Associated Microbiomes in an Alien Amphibian. Microb Ecol 2023; 86:2373-2385. [PMID: 37233803 PMCID: PMC10640505 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Alien species can host diverse microbial communities. These associated microbiomes may be important in the invasion process and their analysis requires a holistic community-based approach. We analysed the skin and gut microbiome of Eleutherodactylus johnstonei from native range populations in St Lucia and exotic range populations in Guadeloupe, Colombia, and European greenhouses along with their respective environmental microbial reservoir through a 16S metabarcoding approach. We show that amphibian-associated and environmental microbial communities can be considered as meta-communities that interact in the assembly process. High proportions of bacteria can disperse between frogs and environment, while respective abundances are rather determined by niche effects driven by the microbial community source and spatial environmental properties. Environmental transmissions appeared to have higher relevance for skin than for gut microbiome composition and variation. We encourage further experimental studies to assess the implications of turnover in amphibian-associated microbial communities and potentially invasive microbiota in the context of invasion success and impacts. Within this novel framework of "nested invasions," (meta-)community ecology thinking can complement and widen the traditional perspective on biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Leonhardt
- Faculty of Biology, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, 01109, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Alexander Keller
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Clara Arranz Aveces
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70173, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Raffael Ernst
- Faculty of Biology, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, 01109, Dresden, Germany.
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13
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Chiriac A, Wollina U. Diaper dermatitis-a narrative review of clinical presentation, subtypes, and treatment. Wien Med Wochenschr 2023:10.1007/s10354-023-01024-6. [PMID: 37861874 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-023-01024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Diaper dermatitis (DD) is an umbrella term with different clinical presentations, pathophysiology, treatments, and outcomes. The major subtypes include irritant contact dermatitis and candida-associated DD. In case of atypical presentation or unresponsiveness to treatment, other differential diagnoses should be considered. Although DD can occur at any age, it peaks in newborns and infants < 2 years of age. We will focus on this age group in our narrative review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Chiriac
- Department of Dermatology, Nicolina Medical Center, Iasi, Romania.
- Apollonia University, Iasi, Romania.
- P. Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Uwe Wollina
- Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany
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14
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Barnes CJ, Asplund M, Clausen ML, Rasmussen L, Olesen CM, Yüksel YT, Andersen PS, Litman T, Holmstrøm K, Bay L, Fritz BG, Bjarnsholt T, Agner T, Hansen AJ. A simplified bacterial community found within the epidermis than at the epidermal surface of atopic dermatitis patients and healthy controls. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:273. [PMID: 37773096 PMCID: PMC10540355 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been considerable research into the understanding of the healthy skin microbiome. Similarly, there is also a considerable body of research into whether specific microbes contribute to skin disorders, with atopic dermatitis (AD) routinely linked to increased Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonisation. In this study, the epidermal surface of participants was sampled using swabs, while serial tape-stripping (35 tapes) was performed to sample through the stratum corneum. Samples were taken from AD patients and healthy controls, and the bacterial communities were profiled by metabarcoding the universal V3-V4 16S rRNA region. Results show that the majority of bacterial richness is located within the outermost layers of the stratum corneum, however there were many taxa that were found almost exclusively at the very outermost layer of the epidermis. We therefore hypothesise that tape-stripping can be performed to investigate the 'core microbiome' of participants by removing environmental contaminants. Interestingly, significant community variation between AD patients and healthy controls was only observable at the epidermal surface, yet a number of individual taxa were found to consistently differ with AD status across the entire epidermis (i.e. both the epidermal surface and within the epidermis). Sampling strategy could therefore be tailored dependent on the hypothesis, with sampling for forensic applications best performed using surface swabs and outer tapes, while profiling sub-surface communities may better reflect host genome and immunological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Barnes
- The Globe Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, 1350, Denmark.
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark.
| | - Maria Asplund
- The Globe Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, 1350, Denmark
| | - Maja-Lisa Clausen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linett Rasmussen
- The Globe Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, 1350, Denmark
| | - Caroline Meyer Olesen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yasemin Topal Yüksel
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paal Skytt Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Insitute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Litman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Explorative Biology and Bioinformatics, LEO Pharma A/S, Ballerup, Denmark
| | | | - Lene Bay
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blaine Gabriel Fritz
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tove Agner
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Johannes Hansen
- The Globe Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, 1350, Denmark
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15
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Arora R, Kaur R, Babbar R, Dhingra S, Dhingra AK, Grewal AS. Evolving Advances in the Cosmetic Use of Probiotics and Postbiotics: Health, Regulatory and Marketing Aspects. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2023:CPB-EPUB-132733. [PMID: 37403398 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230703115732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing development in cosmetics is increasingly making use of probiotics, which are defined as "live microorganisms with health-enhancing properties mediated through ingestion or topical application to the host". The observation that several bacterial strains augment normal processes of healthy tissue maintenance, particularly for the skin, has opened up new avenues for the use of bacterial strains in cosmetics. A principal feature of such "cosmeceuticals" is an application of increasing insight into the biochemical nature of the skin's normal microbial flora, also called its microbiome. The opportunity of manipulating the skin microbiome to address various skin disorders has revealed novel routes for treatment. The skin microbiome manipulation approaches to address various skin disorders include skin microbiome transplantation, skin bacteriotherapy, and prebiotic stimulation. Research in this field has revealed that medical outcome-targeted manipulation of skin microbiome bacterial strain makeup may significantly increase skin health and appearance. Commercial availability of probiotic skincare products is rapidly expanding worldwide due to satisfactory laboratory results and public perception of probiotics as being intrinsically more wholesome than other bioactive substances, such as synthetics. Major outcomes of probiotic use include a significant reduction in skin wrinkling, acne and other conditions adversely affecting skin appearance and healthy function. Moreover, probiotics may additionally promote normal skin hydration, resulting in a vibrant and lustrous appearance. Nevertheless, significant technical challenges remain for the full optimization of probiotics in cosmetic products. This article summarizes the evolving nature of this field and explores current probiotic research initiatives, along with regulatory aspects and significant challenges in the manufacturing of cosmetics in the context of market expansion for these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Ritchu Babbar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Smriti Dhingra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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16
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Serghiou IR, Baker D, Evans R, Dalby MJ, Kiu R, Trampari E, Phillips S, Watt R, Atkinson T, Murphy B, Hall LJ, Webber MA. An efficient method for high molecular weight bacterial DNA extraction suitable for shotgun metagenomics from skin swabs. Microb Genom 2023; 9:mgen001058. [PMID: 37428148 PMCID: PMC10438817 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human skin microbiome represents a variety of complex microbial ecosystems that play a key role in host health. Molecular methods to study these communities have been developed but have been largely limited to low-throughput quantification and short amplicon-based sequencing, providing limited functional information about the communities present. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing has emerged as a preferred method for microbiome studies as it provides more comprehensive information about the species/strains present in a niche and the genes they encode. However, the relatively low bacterial biomass of skin, in comparison to other areas such as the gut microbiome, makes obtaining sufficient DNA for shotgun metagenomic sequencing challenging. Here we describe an optimised high-throughput method for extraction of high molecular weight DNA suitable for shotgun metagenomic sequencing. We validated the performance of the extraction method, and analysis pipeline on skin swabs collected from both adults and babies. The pipeline effectively characterised the bacterial skin microbiota with a cost and throughput suitable for larger longitudinal sets of samples. Application of this method will allow greater insights into community compositions and functional capabilities of the skin microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana R. Serghiou
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Dave Baker
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Rhiannon Evans
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Raymond Kiu
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Eleftheria Trampari
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Sarah Phillips
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Rachel Watt
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Thomas Atkinson
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Barry Murphy
- Unilever R&D Port Sunlight, Bebington, CH63 3JW, UK
| | - Lindsay J. Hall
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Mark A. Webber
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
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17
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Du LF, Zhang MZ, Yuan TT, Ni XB, Wei W, Cui XM, Wang N, Xiong T, Zhang J, Pan YS, Zhu DY, Li LJ, Xia LY, Wang TH, Wei R, Liu HB, Sun Y, Zhao L, Lam TTY, Cao WC, Jia N. New insights into the impact of microbiome on horizontal and vertical transmission of a tick-borne pathogen. Microbiome 2023; 11:50. [PMID: 36915209 PMCID: PMC10012463 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of host skin microbiome on horizontal transmission of tick-borne pathogens , and of pathogen associated transstadial and transovarial changes in tick microbiome are largely unknown, but are important to control increasingly emerging tick-borne diseases worldwide. METHODS Focusing on a rickettsiosis pathogen, Rickettsia raoultii, we used R. raoultii-positive and R. raoultii-negative Dermacentor spp. tick colonies to study the involvement of skin microbiota in cutaneous infection with rickettsiae in laboratory mice, and the function of the tick microbiome on maintenance of rickettsiae through all tick developmental stages (eggs, larvae, nymphs, adults) over two generations. RESULTS We observed changes in the skin bacteria community, such as Chlamydia, not only associated with rickettsial colonization but also with tick feeding on skin. The diversity of skin microbiome differed between paired tick-bitten and un-bitten sites. For vertical transmission, significant differences in the tick microbiota between pathogenic rickettsia-positive and -negative tick chorts was observed across all developmental stages at least over two generations, which appeared to be a common pattern not only for R. raoultii but also for another pathogenic species, Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae. More importantly, bacterial differences were complemented by functional shifts primed for genetic information processing during blood feeding. Specifically, the differences in tick microbiome gene repertoire between pathogenic Rickettsia-positive and -negative progenies were enriched in pathways associated with metabolism and hormone signals during vertical transmission. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that host skin microbiome might be a new factor determining the transmission of rickettsial pathogens through ticks. While pathogenic rickettsiae infect vertebrate hosts during blood-feeding by the tick, they may also manipulate the maturation of the tick through changing the functional potential of its microbiota over the tick's life stages. The findings here might spur the development of new-generation control methods for ticks and tick-borne pathogens. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng Du
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Zhu Zhang
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Yuan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Bing Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, 19W Hong Kong Science & Technology Parks, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Sheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Yun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo-Yuan Xia
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, 19W Hong Kong Science & Technology Parks, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong-Hongkong Joint Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology (Shantou University/The University of Hong Kong), Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, People's Republic of China.
- EKIH (Gewuzhikang) Pathogen Research Institute, Futian District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong, 518045, People's Republic of China.
- Centre for Immunology & Infection Limited, 17W Hong Kong Science & Technology Parks, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wu-Chun Cao
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Tang Q, Xue N, Ding X, Tsai KH, Hew JJ, Jiang R, Huang R, Cheng X, Ding X, Yee Cheng Y, Chen J, Wang Y. Role of wound microbiome, strategies of microbiota delivery system and clinical management. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114671. [PMID: 36538989 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Delayed wound healing is one of the most global public health threats affecting nearly 100 million people each year, particularly the chronic wounds. Many confounding factors such as aging, diabetic disease, medication, peripheral neuropathy, immunocompromises or arterial and venous insufficiency hyperglycaemia are considered to inhibit wound healing. Therapeutic approaches for slow wound healing include anti-infection, debridement and the use of various wound dressings. However, the current clinical outcomes are still unsatisfied. In this review, we discuss the role of skin and wound commensal microbiota in the different healing stages, including inflammation, cell proliferation, re-epithelialization and remodelling phase, followed by multiple immune cell responses to commensal microbiota. Current clinical management in treating surgical wounds and chronic wounds was also reviewed together with potential controlled delivery systems which may be utilized in the future for the topical administration of probiotics and microbiomes. This review aims to introduce advances, novel strategies, and pioneer ideas in regulating the wound microbiome and the design of controlled delivery systems.
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19
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Lee SM, Keum HL, Sul WJ. Bacterial Crosstalk via Antimicrobial Peptides on the Human Skin: Therapeutics from a Sustainable Perspective. J Microbiol 2023; 61:1-11. [PMID: 36719618 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The skin's epidermis is an essential barrier as the first guard against invading pathogens, and physical protector from external injury. The skin microbiome, which consists of numerous bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea on the epidermis, play a key role in skin homeostasis. Antibiotics are a fast-acting and effective treatment method, however, antibiotic use is a nuisance that can disrupt skin homeostasis by eradicating beneficial bacteria along with the intended pathogens and cause antibiotic-resistant bacteria spread. Increased numbers of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from humans and bacteria have been reported, and their roles have been well defined. Recently, modulation of the skin microbiome with AMPs rather than artificially synthesized antibiotics has attracted the attention of researchers as many antibiotic-resistant strains make treatment mediation difficult in the context of ecological problems. Herein, we discuss the overall insights into the skin microbiome, including its regulation by different AMPs, as well as their composition and role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Mi Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lim Keum
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jun Sul
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Chen H, Zhao Q, Zhong Q, Duan C, Krutmann J, Wang J, Xia J. Skin Microbiome, Metabolome and Skin Phenome, from the Perspectives of Skin as an Ecosystem. Phenomics 2022; 2:363-382. [PMID: 36939800 PMCID: PMC9712873 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by millions of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Skin microbiota is believed to exert critical functions in maintaining host skin health. Profiling the structure of skin microbial community is the first step to overview the ecosystem. However, the community composition is highly individualized and extremely complex. To explore the fundamental factors driving the complexity of the ecosystem, namely the selection pressures, we review the present studies on skin microbiome from the perspectives of ecology. This review summarizes the following: (1) the composition of substances/nutrients in the cutaneous ecological environment that are derived from the host and the environment, highlighting their proposed function on skin microbiota; (2) the features of dominant skin commensals to occupy ecological niches, through self-adaptation and microbe-microbe interactions; (3) how skin microbes, by their structures or bioactive molecules, reshape host skin phenotypes, including skin immunity, maintenance of skin physiology such as pH and hydration, ultraviolet (UV) protection, odor production, and wound healing. This review aims to re-examine the host-microbe interactions from the ecological perspectives and hopefully to give new inspiration to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Qi Zhao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
- grid.435557.50000 0004 0518 6318IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, D-40225 Germany
| | - Qian Zhong
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Cheng Duan
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou, 511458 China
| | - Jean Krutmann
- grid.435557.50000 0004 0518 6318IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, D-40225 Germany
| | - Jiucun Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jingjing Xia
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou, 511458 China
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21
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Bates KA, Friesen J, Loyau A, Butler H, Vredenburg VT, Laufer J, Chatzinotas A, Schmeller DS. Environmental and Anthropogenic Factors Shape the Skin Bacterial Communities of a Semi-Arid Amphibian Species. Microb Ecol 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02130-5. [PMID: 36445401 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The amphibian skin microbiome is important in maintaining host health, but is vulnerable to perturbation from changes in biotic and abiotic conditions. Anthropogenic habitat disturbance and emerging infectious diseases are both potential disrupters of the skin microbiome, in addition to being major drivers of amphibian decline globally. We investigated how host environment (hydrology, habitat disturbance), pathogen presence, and host biology (life stage) impact the skin microbiome of wild Dhofar toads (Duttaphrynus dhufarensis) in Oman. We detected ranavirus (but not Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) across all sampling sites, constituting the first report of this pathogen in Oman, with reduced prevalence in disturbed sites. We show that skin microbiome beta diversity is driven by host life stage, water source, and habitat disturbance, but not ranavirus infection. Finally, although trends in bacterial diversity and differential abundance were evident in disturbed versus undisturbed sites, bacterial co-occurrence patterns determined through network analyses revealed high site specificity. Our results therefore provide support for amphibian skin microbiome diversity and taxa abundance being associated with habitat disturbance, with bacterial co-occurrence (and likely broader aspects of microbial community ecology) being largely site specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Bates
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - J Friesen
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Loyau
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin, Germany
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - H Butler
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - V T Vredenburg
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Laufer
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Chatzinotas
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D S Schmeller
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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22
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Neely WJ, Greenspan SE, Stahl LM, Heraghty SD, Marshall VM, Atkinson CL, Becker CG. Habitat Disturbance Linked with Host Microbiome Dispersion and Bd Dynamics in Temperate Amphibians. Microb Ecol 2022; 84:901-910. [PMID: 34671826 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01897-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic habitat disturbances can dramatically alter ecological community interactions, including host-pathogen dynamics. Recent work has highlighted the potential for habitat disturbances to alter host-associated microbial communities, but the associations between anthropogenic disturbance, host microbiomes, and pathogens are unresolved. Amphibian skin microbial communities are particularly responsive to factors like temperature, physiochemistry, pathogen infection, and environmental microbial reservoirs. Through a field survey on wild populations of Acris crepitans (Hylidae) and Lithobates catesbeianus (Ranidae), we assessed the effects of habitat disturbance and connectivity on environmental bacterial reservoirs, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection, and skin microbiome composition. We found higher measures of microbiome dispersion (a measure of community variability) in A. crepitans from more disturbed ponds, supporting the hypothesis that disturbance increases stochasticity in biological communities. We also found that habitat disturbance limited microbiome similarity between locations for both species, suggesting greater isolation of bacterial assemblages in more disturbed areas. Higher disturbance was associated with lower Bd prevalence for A. crepitans, which could signify suboptimal microclimates for Bd in disturbed habitats. Combined, our findings show that reduced microbiome stability stemming from habitat disturbance could compromise population health, even in the absence of pathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley J Neely
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama, 1301 Sciences and Engineering Complex, 300 Hackberry Ln, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Sasha E Greenspan
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama, 1301 Sciences and Engineering Complex, 300 Hackberry Ln, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Leigha M Stahl
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama, 1301 Sciences and Engineering Complex, 300 Hackberry Ln, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Sam D Heraghty
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama, 1301 Sciences and Engineering Complex, 300 Hackberry Ln, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Vanessa M Marshall
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama, 1301 Sciences and Engineering Complex, 300 Hackberry Ln, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Carla L Atkinson
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama, 1301 Sciences and Engineering Complex, 300 Hackberry Ln, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - C Guilherme Becker
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama, 1301 Sciences and Engineering Complex, 300 Hackberry Ln, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
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23
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Manus MB. Ecological Processes and Human Behavior Provide a Framework for Studying the Skin Microbial Metacommunity. Microb Ecol 2022; 84:689-702. [PMID: 34636925 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metacommunity theory dictates that a microbial community is supported both by local ecological processes and the dispersal of microbes between neighboring communities. Studies that apply this perspective to human-associated microbial communities are thus far limited to the gut microbiome. Yet, the skin serves as the primary barrier between the body and the external environment, suggesting frequent opportunities for microbial dispersal to the variable microbial communities that are housed across skin sites. This paper applies metacommunity theory to understand the dispersal of microbes to the skin from the physical and social environment, as well as between different skin sites on an individual's body. This includes highlighting the role of human behavior in driving microbial dispersal, as well as shaping physiological properties of skin that underscore local microbial community dynamics. By leveraging data from research on the skin microbiomes of amphibians and other animals, this paper provides recommendations for future research on the skin microbial metacommunity, including generating testable predictions about the ecological underpinnings of the skin microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B Manus
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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24
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Li H, Zhou SYD, Neilson R, An XL, Su JQ. Skin microbiota interact with microbes on office surfaces. Environ Int 2022; 168:107493. [PMID: 36063613 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The indoor environment is recognized as a potential contributor to human health impacts through resident microbiomes. Indoor surface microbial communities are formed from several sources, environmental and anthropogenic. In this study, we characterized the bacterial and fungal communities from various sources typical of a working office environment including dust, fingers, and computer keyboards and mice. The composition of the dust bacterial community was significantly different from the other tested surfaces (P < 0.05), whereas the dust fungal community was only significantly different from fingers (P < 0.05). Bacterial and fungal communities were both shaped by deterministic processes, and bacterial communities had a higher migration rate. Results of a network analysis showed that the microbial community interactions of keyboards and mice were mainly competitive. Fast expectation-maximization microbial source tracking (FEAST) identified the sources of > 70 % of the keyboard and mouse microbial communities. Biomarkers for each sample types were identified by LDA Effect Size (LEfSE) analysis, some of which were soil-derived and potential anthropogenic pathogens, indicating the potential for exchange of microbes among outdoor, human and indoor surfaces. The current study shows that the source of microorganisms at the office interface is highly traceable and that their migration is linked to human activity. The migration of potentially pathogenic microbes were identified, emphasising the importance of personal hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shu-Yi-Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Roy Neilson
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - Xin-Li An
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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25
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Abstract
The skin serves as the interface between the human body and the environment and interacts with the microbial community. The skin microbiota consists of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, mites, and viruses, and they fluctuate depending on the microenvironment defined by anatomical location and physiological function. The balance of interactions between the host and microbiota plays a pivotal role in the orchestration of skin homeostasis; however, the disturbance of the balance due to an alteration in the microbial communities, namely, dysbiosis, leads to various skin disorders. Recent developments in sequencing technology have provided new insights into the structure and function of skin microbial communities. Based on high-throughput sequencing analysis, a growing body of evidence indicates that a new treatment using live bacteria, termed bacteriotherapy, is a feasible therapeutic option for cutaneous diseases caused by dysbiosis. In particular, the administration of specific bacterial strains has been investigated as an exclusionary treatment strategy against pathogens associated with chronic skin disorders, whereas the safety, efficacy, and sustainability of this therapeutic approach using isolated live bacteria need to be further explored. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the skin microbiota, as well as therapeutic strategies using characterized strains of live bacteria for skin inflammatory diseases. The ecosystem formed by interactions between the host and skin microbial consortium is still largely unexplored; however, advances in our understanding of the function of the skin microbiota at the strain level will lead to the development of new therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
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26
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Lee E, Ahn H, Park S, Kim G, Kim H, Noh MG, Kim Y, Yeon JS, Park H. Staphylococcus epidermidis WF2R11 Suppresses PM 2.5-Mediated Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in HaCaT Keratinocytes. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:915-933. [PMID: 35727505 PMCID: PMC9474527 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The skin supports a diverse microbiome whose imbalance is related to skin inflammation and diseases. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a major air pollutant, can adversely affect the skin microbiota equilibrium. In this study, the effect and mechanism of PM2.5 exposure in HaCaT keratinocytes were investigated. PM2.5 stimulated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HaCaT cells, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis. We observed that the culture medium derived from a particular skin microbe, Staphylococcus epidermidis WF2R11, remarkably reduced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells caused by PM2.5-mediated activation of the AhR pathway. Staphylococcus epidermidis WF2R11 also exhibited inhibition of ROS-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion. Herein, we demonstrated that S. epidermidis WF2R11 could act as a suppressor of AhRs, affect cell proliferation, and inhibit apoptosis. Our results highlight the importance of the clinical application of skin microbiome interventions in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulgi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinyoung Park
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Giun Noh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Yeon
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea. .,Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Siddiqui R, Makhlouf Z, Khan NA. The increasing importance of the gut microbiome in acne vulgaris. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022. [PMID: 35711021 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Acne is a frequently presented dermatological condition brought about by an interplay among inflammation, increased sebum production, hyperkeratinisation, and predominantly Propionibacterium acnes (renamed as Cutibacterium acnes) proliferation, leading to debilitating psychological scars. However, it has been shown that it is the loss of microbial diversity in the skin and the imbalance among C. acnes phylotypes that brings about acne rather than the C. acnes species as a whole. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that other microorganisms may be implicated, such as the fungi Malassezia and the bacteria Cutibacterium granulosum. A plethora of scientific evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is implicated in the overall health and physiology of the host; studies show that the gut microbiome of acne patients is distinct and depicts less microbial diversity compared to individuals without acne. Herein, using the key terms: acne, C. acnes, IGF-1, sebum, and gut microbiome, we carried out a review of the literature, using Google Scholar and PubMed, and discussed the role of the gut and skin microbiome in relation to acne, as a narrative review. The role of hormones, diet, sebum, and stress in relation to the gut microbiome was also investigated. Therapeutic implications and the use of pre-/postbiotics are also deliberated upon. In this light, future research should investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome and the agreed upon factors of acne pathology, potentially leading to the discovery of novel acne treatments with milder side effects.
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28
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Huang TY, Lim HL. Electrogenic Staphylococcus warneri in lactate-rich skin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 618:67-72. [PMID: 35716597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The electrogenicity of environmental bacteria has been thoroughly explored and has been known to have the unique capability of decomposing hazardous chemicals for environmental remediation. However, electrogenic bacteria in human skin in regards to their electrical properties and locations have not yet been determined. Here, electrodermal activities and metabolite compositions at different locations of arm skin were assessed. Compared to the uppermost part of arm, we found that the forearm elicited high electrodermal activity and carried abundant lactate and alpha-ketoglutarate, two components commonly present in sweat. Upon culturing bacteria from the forearm, an iron-resistant strain of Staphylococcus warneri (S. warneri) was identified through 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Voltage changes induced by S. warneri in the presence of glucose were detected by two voltmeters of different electrode materials, demonstrating the electrogenicity of skin bacteria. Furthermore, we discovered that S. warneri has the ability to metabolize lactate to generate electricity. The results of this study reveal changes in skin conductance caused by bacterial electricity that are mediated by skin endogenous molecules and may provide a novel method of monitoring environmental skin insults.
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29
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Ding X, Tang Q, Xu Z, Xu Y, Zhang H, Zheng D, Wang S, Tan Q, Maitz J, Maitz PK, Yin S, Wang Y, Chen J. Challenges and innovations in treating chronic and acute wound infections: from basic science to clinical practice. Burns Trauma 2022; 10:tkac014. [PMID: 35611318 PMCID: PMC9123597 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic wound infection has become a major worldwide healthcare burden leading to significantly high morbidity and mortality. The underlying mechanism of infections has been widely investigated by scientist, while standard wound management is routinely been used in general practice. However, strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of wound infections remain a great challenge due to the occurrence of biofilm colonization, delayed healing and drug resistance. In the present review, we summarize the common microorganisms found in acute and chronic wound infections and discuss the challenges from the aspects of clinical diagnosis, non-surgical methods and surgical methods. Moreover, we highlight emerging innovations in the development of antimicrobial peptides, phages, controlled drug delivery, wound dressing materials and herbal medicine, and find that sensitive diagnostics, combined treatment and skin microbiome regulation could be future directions in the treatment of wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The affiliated Drum Tow Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The affiliated Drum Tow Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Zheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The affiliated Drum Tow Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqin Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The affiliated Drum Tow Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Tan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The affiliated Drum Tow Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Joanneke Maitz
- Burns Injury and Reconstructive Surgery Research, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 2137
| | - Peter K Maitz
- Burns Injury and Reconstructive Surgery Research, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 2137
| | - Shaoping Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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30
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Sfriso R, Claypool J, Roche M, Imfeld D. 5-α reductase inhibition by Epilobioum fleischeri extract modulates facial microbiota structure. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 44:440-452. [PMID: 35499362 PMCID: PMC9543575 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Facial skin is a particularly complex environment made of different skin types such as sebaceous (forehead) and dry (cheeks). The skin microbiota composition on different facial sites has not yet been addressed. Methods We conducted a 4‐week‐long, single‐centre, randomized and placebo‐controlled clinical study involving 23 Caucasian females. We assessed both bacterial composition on five different facial areas and the microbiome modulatory effects resulting from the topical application of a plant extract (Epilobium fleischeri). Skin microbiome samples were collected before and after 4 weeks of product application. Microbiota profiling was performed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and relative abundance data were used to calculate differentials via a multinomial regression model. Results Via ‘reference frames’, we observed shifts in microbial composition after 4 weeks of twice‐daily product application and identify certain microbiota species, which were positively associated with the application of the product containing the Epilobium fleischeri extract. Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Micrococcus yunnanensis appeared to be significantly enriched in the final microbiota composition of the active treatment group. Conclusion Facial skin was found to be colonized by an heterogenous microbiota, and the Epilobium fleischeri extract had a modulatory effect on commensal bacteria on the different facial sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Sfriso
- DSM Nutritional Products, Personal care, Wurmisweg 576, CH-4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Claypool
- Nutrition Innovation Center, DSM Nutritional Products, Lexington, (MA)
| | | | - Dominik Imfeld
- DSM Nutritional Products, Personal care, Wurmisweg 576, CH-4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
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31
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Showering A, Martinez J, Benavente ED, Gezan SA, Jones RT, Oke C, Tytheridge S, Pretorius E, Scott D, Allen RL, D'Alessandro U, Lindsay SW, Armour JAL, Pickett J, Logan JG. Skin microbiome alters attractiveness to Anopheles mosquitoes. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:98. [PMID: 35410125 PMCID: PMC9004177 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some people produce specific body odours that make them more attractive than others to mosquitoes, and consequently are at higher risk of contracting vector-borne diseases. The skin microbiome can break down carbohydrates, fatty acids and peptides on the skin into volatiles that mosquitoes can differentiate. RESULTS Here, we examined how skin microbiome composition of women differs in relation to level of attractiveness to Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes, to identify volatiles in body odour and metabolic pathways associated with individuals that tend to be poorly-attractive to mosquitoes. We used behavioural assays to measure attractiveness of participants to An. coluzzii mosquitoes, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the bacteria sampled from the skin and gas chromatography of volatiles in body odour. We found differences in skin microbiome composition between the poorly- and highly-attractive groups, particularly eight Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) belonging to the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes phyla. Staphylococcus 2 ASVs are four times as abundant in the highly-attractive compared to poorly-attractive group. Associations were found between these ASVs and volatiles known to be attractive to Anopheles mosquitoes. Propanoic pathways are enriched in the poorly-attractive participants compared to those found to be highly-attractive. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that variation in attractiveness of people to mosquitoes is related to the composition of the skin microbiota, knowledge that could improve odour-baited traps or other next generation vector control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Showering
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Julien Martinez
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Ernest Diez Benavente
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Robert T Jones
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Catherine Oke
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Scott Tytheridge
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Pretorius
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Darren Scott
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rachel L Allen
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Umberto D'Alessandro
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | | | - John A L Armour
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - John Pickett
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - James G Logan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Mekadim C, Skalnikova HK, Cizkova J, Cizkova V, Palanova A, Horak V, Mrazek J. Dysbiosis of skin microbiome and gut microbiome in melanoma progression. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:63. [PMID: 35216552 PMCID: PMC8881828 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microbiome alterations are associated with cancer growth and may influence the immune system and response to therapy. Particularly, the gut microbiome has been recently shown to modulate response to melanoma immunotherapy. However, the role of the skin microbiome has not been well explored in the skin tumour microenvironment and the link between the gut microbiome and skin microbiome has not been investigated in melanoma progression. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine associations between dysbiosis in the skin and gut microbiome and the melanoma growth using MeLiM porcine model of melanoma progression and spontaneous regression. Results Parallel analysis of cutaneous microbiota and faecal microbiota of the same individuals was performed in 8 to 12 weeks old MeLiM piglets. The bacterial composition of samples was analysed by high throughput sequencing of the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene. A significant difference in microbiome diversity and richness between melanoma tissue and healthy skin and between the faecal microbiome of MeLiM piglets and control piglets were observed. Both Principal Coordinate Analysis and Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed dissimilarities between different bacterial communities. Linear discriminant analysis effect size at the genus level determined different potential biomarkers in multiple bacterial communities. Lactobacillus, Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Corynebacterium 1 were the most discriminately higher genera in the healthy skin microbiome, while Fusobacterium, Trueperella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Bacteroides were discriminately abundant in melanoma tissue microbiome. Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and Escherichia-Shigella were associated with the faecal microbiota of MeLiM piglets. Potential functional pathways analysis based on the KEGG database indicated significant differences in the predicted profile metabolisms between the healthy skin microbiome and melanoma tissue microbiome. The faecal microbiome of MeLiM piglets was enriched by genes related to membrane transports pathways allowing for the increase of intestinal permeability and alteration of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Conclusion The associations between melanoma progression and dysbiosis in the skin microbiome as well as dysbiosis in the gut microbiome were identified. Results provide promising information for further studies on the local skin and gut microbiome involvement in melanoma progression and may support the development of new therapeutic approaches. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02458-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazed Mekadim
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Kupcova Skalnikova
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Cizkova
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic.,Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Cizkova
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Palanova
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Vratislav Horak
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Mrazek
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Ohkubo T, Matsumoto Y, Ogasawara Y, Sugita T. Alkaline stress inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis by inducing TCA cycle-triggered ROS production. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 588:104-110. [PMID: 34953206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many species of bacteria interact on the human skin to form a certain microbiome. Delftia acidovorans, a bacterium detected from human skin, inhibits the growth of S. epidermidis, a dominant bacterium of the human skin microbiota. Here, we show that ammonia secreted by D. acidovorans inhibits the growth of S. epidermidis by increasing the pH value of the medium. The pH value of D. acidovorans culture supernatant (CS) was higher than that of the medium without culture. The inhibitory activity of the D. acidovorans CS against the growth of S. epidermidis was decreased by neutralization with hydrochloric acid. Genes encoding enzymes related to ammonia production were found in the D. acidovorans genome. Moreover, the D. acidovorans CS contained a high concentration of ammonia. The addition of ammonia to S. epidermidis culture led to an increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inhibited S. epidermidis growth. The addition of sodium hydroxide also led to an increase in the ROS production and inhibited S. epidermidis growth. The inhibitory activity of ammonia and sodium hydroxide against S. epidermidis growth was suppressed by malonic acid, an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and N-acetyl-l-cysteine, a free radical scavenger. These findings suggest that D. acidovorans secretes ammonia and alkaline stress inhibits the growth of S. epidermidis by inducing TCA cycle-triggered ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Ohkubo
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan; Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ogasawara
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugita
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
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Okeke CAV, Khanna R, Okoye GA, Byrd AS. Assessment of the Generalizability of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Microbiome studies: The Minimal Inclusion of Racial and Ethnic Populations. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 86:e159-e161. [PMID: 34757150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raveena Khanna
- Department of Psychiatry, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ginette A Okoye
- Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Angel S Byrd
- Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC.
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Nava-González B, Suazo-Ortuño I, López PB, Maldonado-López Y, Lopez-Toledo L, Raggi L, Parra-Olea G, Alvarado-Díaz J, Gómez-Gil B. Inhibition of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection by Skin Bacterial Communities in Wild Amphibian Populations. Microb Ecol 2021; 82:666-676. [PMID: 33598748 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Skin-associated bacteria are known to inhibit infection by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in amphibians. It has also been postulated that skin-associated bacterial community is related to Bd infection intensity. However, our understanding of host microbial dynamics and their importance in regulating Bd intensity is limited. We analyzed Bd infection and skin-associated bacteria from two amphibian species, the salamander Ambystoma rivulare and the frog Lithobates spectabilis that co-occurred in a tropical high-altitude site in central Mexico. Sixty-three percent of sampled salamander individuals and 80% of frog individuals tested positive for Bd. Overall, we registered 622 skin-associated bacterial genera, from which 73 are known to have Bd inhibitory effects. These inhibitory taxa represented a relative abundance of 50% in relation to total relative bacterial abundance. Our results indicated that, although sharing some bacterial taxa, bacterial community from the skin of both species was different in taxonomic composition and in relative abundance. Pseudomonas spp. and Stenotrophomonas spp. were among the five most abundant bacterial taxa of both species. Both bacterial taxa inhibit Bd infection. We detected that bacterial richness and relative abundance of inhibitory Bd bacteria were negatively related to intensity of Bd infection independent of species and seasons. Despite the high Bd prevalence in both host species, no dead or sick individuals were registered during field surveys. The relatively low levels of Bd load apparently do not compromise survival of host species. Therefore, our results suggested that individuals analyzed were able to survive and thrive under a dynamic relation with enzootic infections of Bd and their microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisbrian Nava-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Avenida Juanito Itzícuaro SN, Nueva Esperanza, 58330, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Ireri Suazo-Ortuño
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Avenida Juanito Itzícuaro SN, Nueva Esperanza, 58330, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
| | - Perla Bibian López
- Universidad Tecnológica de Morelia, Avenida Vicepresidente Pino Suárez 750, Cd. Industrial, 58200, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Yurixhi Maldonado-López
- CONACyT-Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Avenida Juanito Itzícuaro SN, Nueva Esperanza, 58330, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Leonel Lopez-Toledo
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Avenida Juanito Itzícuaro SN, Nueva Esperanza, 58330, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Luciana Raggi
- CONACYT-Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Avenida Juanito Itzícuaro SN, Nueva Esperanza, 58330, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Gabriela Parra-Olea
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd de México, México
| | - Javier Alvarado-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Avenida Juanito Itzícuaro SN, Nueva Esperanza, 58330, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Bruno Gómez-Gil
- CIAD A.C., Mazatlán Unit for Aquaculture, AP 711, Mazatlán, 82000, Sinaloa, México
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Yang Y, Tao S, Zeng R, Zheng H, Ge Y. Modulation of skin microbiome in acne patients by aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102556. [PMID: 34600122 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) has been an effective treatment for moderate to severe acne. However, the effect of ALA-PDT on skin microbiome in acne patients should also be examined.. AIM To examine the composition, diversity, and resilience of skin microbiome in acne patients before and after ALA-PDT. METHOD A prospective study was conducted on five patients with moderate to severe acne. All patients underwent a 5% ALA-PDT at a two-week interval for four sessions. Epidermal and follicular samples of acne patients were acquired for 16S rRNA gene amplicon metasequencing at baseline and before the final session. RESULT ALA-PDT inhibited Cutibacterium acnes of follicular microbiome in acne. Follicular residential bacteria, mainly Bacillus and Lactococcus, rose in abundance after PDT. ALA-PDT increased the diversity of skin microbiome in acne and clustered follicular microbiome toward epidermal microbiome, both taxonomically and functionally. CONCLUSION ALA-PDT exerts its therapeutic effect on acne partially through inhibiting C. acnes and modulating the composition and potential function of skin microbiome in acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yang
- Department of Cosmetic Laser Surgery, Hospital for Skin Disease and Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Shiqin Tao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Cosmetic Laser Surgery, Hospital for Skin Disease and Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Huiying Zheng
- Department of Cosmetic Laser Surgery, Hospital for Skin Disease and Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yiping Ge
- Department of Cosmetic Laser Surgery, Hospital for Skin Disease and Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Nanjing 210042, China.
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Bjerre RD, Holm JB, Palleja A, Sølberg J, Skov L, Johansen JD. Skin dysbiosis in the microbiome in atopic dermatitis is site-specific and involves bacteria, fungus and virus. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:256. [PMID: 34551705 PMCID: PMC8459459 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial dysbiosis with increased Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization on the skin is a hallmark of atopic dermatitis (AD), however most microbiome studies focus on bacteria in the flexures and the microbial composition at other body sites have not been studied systematically. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study is to characterize the skin microbiome, including bacteria, fungi and virus, at different body sites in relation to AD, lesional state, and S. aureus colonization, and to test whether the nares could be a reservoir for S. aureus strain colonization. METHODS Using shotgun metagenomics we characterized microbial compositions from 14 well defined skin sites from 10 patients with AD and 5 healthy controls. RESULTS We found clear differences in microbial composition between AD and controls at multiple skin sites, most pronounced on the flexures and neck. The flexures exhibited lower alpha-diversity and were colonized by S. aureus, accompanied by S. epidermidis in lesions. Malassezia species were absent on the neck in AD. Virus mostly constituted Propionibacterium and Staphylococcus phages, with increased abundance of Propionibacterium phages PHL041 and PHL092 and Staphylococcus epidermidis phages CNPH82 and PH15 in AD. In lesional samples, both the genus Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus phages were more abundant. S. aureus abundance was higher across all skin sites except from the feet. In samples where S. aureus was highly abundant, lower abundances of S. hominis and Cutibacterium acnes were observed. M. osloensis and M. luteus were more abundant in AD. By single nucleotide variant analysis of S. aureus we found strains to be subject specific. On skin sites some S. aureus strains were similar and some dissimilar to the ones in the nares. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate a global and site-specific dysbiosis in AD, involving both bacteria, fungus and virus. When defining targeted treatment clinicians should both consider the individual and skin site and future research into potential crosstalk between microbiota in AD yields high potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Dybboe Bjerre
- National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jacob Bak Holm
- Clinical Microbiomics, Fruebjergvej 3, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert Palleja
- Clinical Microbiomics, Fruebjergvej 3, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Sølberg
- National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Skov
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Vandamme P, Peeters C, Seth-Smith HMB, Graf L, Cnockaert M, Egli A, Goldenberger D. Gulosibacter hominis sp. nov.: a novel human microbiome bacterium that may cause opportunistic infections. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:1841-1854. [PMID: 34480670 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We present genomic, phylogenomic, and phenotypic taxonomic data to demonstrate that three human ear isolates represent a novel species within the genus Gulosibacter. These isolates could not be identified reliably using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry during routine diagnostic work, but partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that they belonged to the genus Gulosibacter. Overall genomic relatedness indices between the draft genome sequences of the three isolates and of the type strains of established Gulosibacter species confirmed that the three isolates represented a single novel Gulosibacter species. A biochemical characterisation yielded differential tests between the novel and established Gulosibacter species, which could also be differentiated using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. We propose to formally classify these three isolates into Gulosibacter hominis sp. nov., with 401352-2018 T (= LMG 31778 T, CCUG 74795 T) as the type strain. The whole-genome sequence of strain 401352-2018 T has a size of 2,340,181 bp and a G+C content of 62.04 mol%. A Gulosibacter pangenome analysis revealed 467 gene clusters that were exclusively present in G. hominis genomes. While these G. hominis specific gene clusters were enriched in several COG functional categories, this analysis did not reveal functions that suggested a role in the human microbiome, nor did it explain the occurrence of G. hominis in ear infections. The absence of acquired antimicrobial resistance determinants and virulence factors in the G. hominis genomes, and an analysis of publicly available 16S rRNA gene sequences and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data sets suggested that G. hominis is a member of the human skin microbiota that may occasionally be involved in opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vandamme
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Charlotte Peeters
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helena M B Seth-Smith
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Graf
- Ear, Nose and Throat Department, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Margo Cnockaert
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adrian Egli
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Goldenberger
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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McLoughlin IJ, Wright EM, Tagg JR, Jain R, Hale JDF. Skin Microbiome-The Next Frontier for Probiotic Intervention. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:630-647. [PMID: 34383234 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ in the human body, and it orchestrates many functions that are fundamentally important for our survival. Although the skin might appear to present a relatively inhospitable or even hostile environment, a multitude of commensals and also some potentially pathogenic microorganisms have successfully adapted to survive and/or thrive within the diverse ecological niches created by the skin's topographical architecture. Dysbiosis within these microbial populations can result in the emergence and pathological progression of skin diseases. Unsurprisingly, this has led to a new focus of research both for the medical dermatology and cosmetic industries that is concerned with modulation of the skin microbiome to help address common microbially mediated or modulated conditions such as acne, body odour, and atopic dermatitis. This review presents an overview of our current understanding of the complex relationship of the skin with its microbiome and then introduces the concept of probiotic intervention for the management of microbial dysbiosis within the skin ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva M Wright
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John R Tagg
- Blis Technologies, 81 Glasgow St, South Dunedin, 9012, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rohit Jain
- Blis Technologies, 81 Glasgow St, South Dunedin, 9012, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John D F Hale
- Blis Technologies, 81 Glasgow St, South Dunedin, 9012, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Mutnale MC, Reddy GS, Vasudevan K. Bacterial Community in the Skin Microbiome of Frogs in a Coldspot of Chytridiomycosis Infection. Microb Ecol 2021; 82:554-558. [PMID: 33442763 PMCID: PMC8384794 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chytridiomycosis is a fungal disease caused by the pathogens, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and B. salamandrivorans (Bsal), which has caused declines in amphibian populations worldwide. Asia is considered as a coldspot of infection, since adult frogs are less susceptible to Bd-induced mortality or morbidity. Using the next-generation sequencing approach, we assessed the cutaneous bacterial community composition and presence of anti-Bd bacteria in six frog species from India using DNA isolated from skin swabs. All the six frog species sampled were tested using nested PCR and found Bd negative. We found a total of 551 OTUs on frog skin, of which the bacterial phyla such as Proteobacteria (56.15% average relative abundance) was dominated followed by Actinobacteria (21.98% average relative abundance) and Firmicutes (13.7% average relative abundance). The contribution of Proteobacteria in the anti-Bd community was highest and represented by 175 OTUs. Overall, the anti-Bd bacterial community dominated (51.7% anti-Bd OTUs) the skin microbiome of the frogs. The study highlights the putative role of frog skin microbiome in affording resistance to Bd infections in coldspots of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind C Mutnale
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gundlapally S Reddy
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Karthikeyan Vasudevan
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Serag A, Shakkour Z, Halboup AM, Kobeissy F, Farag MA. Sweat metabolome and proteome: Recent trends in analytical advances and potential biological functions. J Proteomics 2021; 246:104310. [PMID: 34198014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolome and proteome profiling of biofluids, e.g., urine, plasma, has generated vast and ever-increasing amounts of knowledge over the last few decades. Paradoxically, omics analyses of sweat, one of the most readily available human biofluids, have lagged behind. This review capitalizes on the current knowledge and state of the art analytical advances of sweat metabolomics and proteomics. Moreover, current applications of sweat omics such as the discovery of disease biomarkers and monitoring athletic performance are also presented in this review. Another area of emerging knowledge that has been highlighted herein lies in the role of skin host-microbiome interactions in shaping the sweat metabolite-protein profiles. Discussion of future research directions describes the need to have a better grasp of sweat chemicals and to better understand how they function as aided by advances in omics tools. Overall, the role of sweat as an information-rich biofluid that could complement the exploration of the skin metabolome/proteome is emphasized.
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Wang Y, Yu Q, Zhou R, Feng T, Hilal MG, Li H. Nationality and body location alter human skin microbiome. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5241-56. [PMID: 34125277 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Skin microbiomes function directly in human health and are affected by various external and internal factors. However, few studies have showed the variation of human skin microbiota at multiple body sites in individuals of different national origin living in the same environment. Here, using 16S rRNA sequencing, we investigated the diversity and function of skin microbiomes in different body locations of Chinese and Pakistani individuals from a single college in China. Body location and nationality significantly affected community structures, while season and gender only impacted community member. Due to different lifestyles and likely genetic characteristics of the hosts, Proteobacteria was more abundant in Pakistanis than in Chinese individuals. There were significant differences in the Shannon diversity of skin microorganisms among different skin sites of Chinese individuals, but not in Pakistanis. PICRUSt prediction indicated that gene functions involved in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism were higher in bacteria collected from Pakistanis than those from Chinese individuals, but the amino acid metabolism of skin microorganisms in Chinese people was higher. The relative abundances of potential pathogenic bacteria also differed in different body locations, providing a foundation for studying skin-associated bacterial diseases. Through a meta-analysis of 233 human skin samples from eight elevational sites in western China, we found that skin microbial diversity first decreased and then increased with increasing altitude. Network analysis showed positive correlation between altitude and Lactobacillus, Chryseobacterium, or Acinetobacter. Our results uncover the variation of human skin microbiota allowing future explorations of potential significance for human health. KEY POINTS: • Body location and nationality affect skin microbiota diversity and function. • Proteobacteria was more abundant in Pakistanis than in Chinese. • Skin microbial diversity first decreased and then increased with elevated altitude.
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Nielsen MC, Jiang SC. 16S rRNA gene sequencing data of the human skin microbiome before and after swimming in the ocean. Data Brief 2021; 37:107207. [PMID: 34189199 PMCID: PMC8215175 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
These data represent the abundance, diversity and predicted function gene profiles of the microbial communities present on human skin before and after swimming in the ocean. The skin microbiome has been shown to provide protection against infection from pathogenic bacteria. It is well-known that exposure to ocean water can cause skin infection, but little is known about how exposure can alter the bacterial communities on the skin. Skin microbiome samples were collected from human participants before and after swimming in the ocean. These data were used to analyze the changes in abundance and diversity of microbial communities on the skin and the changes in the functional profiles of the bacteria, specifically focusing on genes involved in antibiotic resistance and bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C Nielsen
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, United States
| | - Sunny C Jiang
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, United States.,Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
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Nielsen MC, Wang N, Jiang SC. Acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes on human skin after swimming in the ocean. Environ Res 2021; 197:110978. [PMID: 33689825 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The skin is a complex organ responsible for protecting the body from physical, chemical and biological insults. The skin microbiome is known to play an important role in protecting the host from skin infections. This study examined the skin microbiome and the changes in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), antibiotic biosynthesis genes (ABSGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs) on human skin before and after swimming in the ocean. Skin microbiome samples were collected from human participants before and after they swam in the ocean, and at 6 h and 24 h post-swim. The samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that not only is the skin microbiome composition altered after swimming, but the abundance and diversity of ARGs, ABSGs and VFGs on the skin increased post-swim. Overall, there was an increase in total ARGs by 70.6% from before to after swimming. The elevated number of ARGs persisted and continued to increase for at least 6 h post-swim with greater than a 300% increase in comparison with samples collected before ocean swimming. The outcomes of the study support the epidemiological observations of increased risk of skin infections after swimming in the ocean. Cleaning the skin immediately after recreational ocean activities is recommended to reduce the opportunity for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C Nielsen
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA.
| | - Nan Wang
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Sunny C Jiang
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA; Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
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Amar Y, Lagkouvardos I, Silva RL, Ishola OA, Foesel BU, Kublik S, Schöler A, Niedermeier S, Bleuel R, Zink A, Neuhaus K, Schloter M, Biedermann T, Köberle M. Pre-digest of unprotected DNA by Benzonase improves the representation of living skin bacteria and efficiently depletes host DNA. Microbiome 2021; 9:123. [PMID: 34039428 PMCID: PMC8157445 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of microbiota based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) of extracted DNA has drastically improved our understanding of the role of microbial communities in health and disease. However, DNA-based microbiome analysis cannot per se differentiate between living and dead microorganisms. In environments such as the skin, host defense mechanisms including antimicrobial peptides and low cutaneous pH result in a high microbial turnover, likely resulting in high numbers of dead cells present and releasing substantial amounts of microbial DNA. NGS analyses may thus lead to inaccurate estimations of microbiome structures and consequently functional capacities. RESULTS We investigated in this study the feasibility of a Benzonase-based approach (BDA) to pre-digest unprotected DNA, i.e., of dead microbial cells, as a method to overcome these limitations, thus offering a more accurate assessment of the living microbiome. A skin mock community as well as skin microbiome samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics sequencing after DNA extraction with and without a Benzonase digest to assess bacterial diversity patterns. The BDA method resulted in less reads from dead bacteria both in the skin mock community and skin swabs spiked with either heat-inactivated bacteria or bacterial-free DNA. This approach also efficiently depleted host DNA reads in samples with high human-to-microbial DNA ratios, with no obvious impact on the microbiome profile. We further observed that low biomass samples generate an α-diversity bias when the bacterial load is lower than 105 CFU and that Benzonase digest is not sufficient to overcome this bias. CONCLUSIONS The BDA approach enables both a better assessment of the living microbiota and depletion of host DNA reads. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Amar
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Unit Allergology Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), HCMR, Heraklion, Greece
- Core Facility Microbiome, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Rafaela L Silva
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Unit Allergology Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oluwaseun Ayodeji Ishola
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bärbel U Foesel
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kublik
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne Schöler
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- DKFZ German Cancer Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Niedermeier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Rachela Bleuel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Unit Allergology Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Zink
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Unit Allergology Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Neuhaus
- Core Facility Microbiome, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.
- Clinical Unit Allergology Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Köberle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
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Li Z, Xia J, Jiang L, Tan Y, An Y, Zhu X, Ruan J, Chen Z, Zhen H, Ma Y, Jie Z, Xiao L, Yang H, Wang J, Kristiansen K, Xu X, Jin L, Nie C, Krutmann J, Liu X, Wang J. Characterization of the human skin resistome and identification of two microbiota cutotypes. Microbiome 2021; 9:47. [PMID: 33597039 PMCID: PMC7890624 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human skin microbiota is considered to be essential for skin homeostasis and barrier function. Comprehensive analyses of its function would substantially benefit from a catalog of reference genes derived from metagenomic sequencing. The existing catalog for the human skin microbiome is based on samples from limited individuals from a single cohort on reference genomes, which limits the coverage of global skin microbiome diversity. RESULTS In the present study, we have used shotgun metagenomics to newly sequence 822 skin samples from Han Chinese, which were subsequently combined with 538 previously sequenced North American samples to construct an integrated Human Skin Microbial Gene Catalog (iHSMGC). The iHSMGC comprised 10,930,638 genes with the detection of 4,879,024 new genes. Characterization of the human skin resistome based on iHSMGC confirmed that skin commensals, such as Staphylococcus spp, are an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Further analyses of skin microbial ARGs detected microbe-specific and skin site-specific ARG signatures. Of note, the abundance of ARGs was significantly higher in Chinese than Americans, while multidrug-resistant bacteria ("superbugs") existed on the skin of both Americans and Chinese. A detailed analysis of microbial signatures identified Moraxella osloensis as a species specific for Chinese skin. Importantly, Moraxella osloensis proved to be a signature species for one of two robust patterns of microbial networks present on Chinese skin, with Cutibacterium acnes indicating the second one. Each of such "cutotypes" was associated with distinct patterns of data-driven marker genes, functional modules, and host skin properties. The two cutotypes markedly differed in functional modules related to their metabolic characteristics, indicating that host-dependent trophic chains might underlie their development. CONCLUSIONS The development of the iHSMGC will facilitate further studies on the human skin microbiome. In the present study, it was used to further characterize the human skin resistome. It also allowed to discover the existence of two cutotypes on the human skin. The latter finding will contribute to a better understanding of the interpersonal complexity of the skin microbiome. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National Genebank, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingjing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Liuyiqi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimei Tan
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Skin & Cosmetic Research, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yitai An
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National Genebank, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingyu Zhu
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Six-sector Economy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ruan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National Genebank, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National Genebank, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hefu Zhen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National Genebank, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Six-sector Economy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuye Jie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National Genebank, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National Genebank, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National Genebank, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National Genebank, Shenzhen, China
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National Genebank, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National Genebank, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Jin
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Nie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National Genebank, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jean Krutmann
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Xiao Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Terova G, Gini E, Gasco L, Moroni F, Antonini M, Rimoldi S. Effects of full replacement of dietary fishmeal with insect meal from Tenebrio molitor on rainbow trout gut and skin microbiota. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:30. [PMID: 33536078 PMCID: PMC7860006 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aquaculture must continue to reduce dependence on fishmeal (FM) and fishoil in feeds to ensure sustainable sector growth. Therefore, the use of novel aquaculture feed ingredients is growing. In this regard, insects can represent a new world of sustainable and protein-rich ingredients for farmed fish feeds. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of full replacement of FM with Tenebrio molitor (TM) larvae meal in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on fish gut and skin microbiota. Methods A feeding trial was conducted with 126 trout of about 80 g mean initial weight that were fed for 22 weeks with two isonitrogenous, isolipidic, and isoenergetic extruded experimental diets. Partially defatted TM meal was included in one of the diets to replace 100% (TM 100) of FM, whereas the other diet (TM 0) was without TM. To analyse the microbial communities, the Illumina MiSeq platform for sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and Qiime pipeline were used to identify bacteria in the gut and skin mucosa, and in the diets. Results The data showed no major effects of full FM substitution with TM meal on bacterial species richness and diversity in both, gut mucosa- and skin mucus-associated microbiome. Skin microbiome was dominated by phylum Proteobacteria and especially by Gammaproteobacteria class that constituted approximately half of the bacterial taxa found. The two dietary fish groups did not display distinctive features, except for a decrease in the relative abundance of Deefgea genus (family Neisseriaceae) in trout fed with insect meal. The metagenomic analysis of the gut mucosa indicated that Tenericutes was the most abundant phylum, regardless of the diet. Specifically, within this phylum, the Mollicutes, mainly represented by Mycoplasmataceae family, were the dominant class. However, we observed only a weak dietary modulation of intestinal bacterial communities. The only changes due to full FM replacement with TM meal were a decreased number of Proteobacteria and a reduced number of taxa assigned to Ruminococcaceae and Neisseriaceae families. Conclusions The data demonstrated that TM larvae meal is a valid alternative animal protein to replace FM in the aquafeeds. Only slight gut and skin microbiota changes occurred in rainbow trout after total FM replacement with insect meal. The mapping of the trout skin microbiota represents a novel contribution of the present study. Indeed, in contrast to the increasing knowledge on gut microbiota, the skin microbiota of major farmed fish species remains largely unmapped but it deserves thorough consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2- 10095 Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Moroni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Micaela Antonini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Simona Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
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Mahnert A, Verseux C, Schwendner P, Koskinen K, Kumpitsch C, Blohs M, Wink L, Brunner D, Goessler T, Billi D, Moissl-Eichinger C. Microbiome dynamics during the HI-SEAS IV mission, and implications for future crewed missions beyond Earth. Microbiome 2021; 9:27. [PMID: 33487169 PMCID: PMC7831191 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human health is closely interconnected with its microbiome. Resilient microbiomes in, on, and around the human body will be key for safe and successful long-term space travel. However, longitudinal dynamics of microbiomes inside confined built environments are still poorly understood. Herein, we used the Hawaii Space Exploration Analog and Simulation IV (HI-SEAS IV) mission, a 1 year-long isolation study, to investigate microbial transfer between crew and habitat, in order to understand adverse developments which may occur in a future outpost on the Moon or Mars. RESULTS Longitudinal 16S rRNA gene profiles, as well as quantitative observations, revealed significant differences in microbial diversity, abundance, and composition between samples of the built environment and its crew. The microbiome composition and diversity associated with abiotic surfaces was found to be rather stable, whereas the microbial skin profiles of individual crew members were highly dynamic, resulting in an increased microbiome diversity at the end of the isolation period. The skin microbiome dynamics were especially pronounced by a regular transfer of the indicator species Methanobrevibacter between crew members within the first 200 days. Quantitative information was used to track the propagation of antimicrobial resistance in the habitat. Together with functional and phenotypic predictions, quantitative and qualitative data supported the observation of a delayed longitudinal microbial homogenization between crew and habitat surfaces which was mainly caused by a malfunctioning sanitary facility. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights main routes of microbial transfer, interaction of the crew, and origins of microbial dynamics in an isolated environment. We identify key targets of microbial monitoring, and emphasize the need for defined baselines of microbiome diversity and abundance on surfaces and crew skin. Targeted manipulation to counteract adverse developments of the microbiome could be a highly important strategy to ensure safety during future space endeavors. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mahnert
- Interactive Microbiome Research, Diagnostic & Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Cyprien Verseux
- Laboratory of Applied Space Microbiology, Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM), University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Petra Schwendner
- University of Florida, Space Life Sciences Lab, 505 Odyssey Way, Exploration Park, N. Merritt Island, FL 32953 USA
| | - Kaisa Koskinen
- Interactive Microbiome Research, Diagnostic & Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Kumpitsch
- Interactive Microbiome Research, Diagnostic & Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marcus Blohs
- Interactive Microbiome Research, Diagnostic & Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa Wink
- Interactive Microbiome Research, Diagnostic & Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela Brunner
- Interactive Microbiome Research, Diagnostic & Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Theodora Goessler
- Interactive Microbiome Research, Diagnostic & Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela Billi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica s.n.c, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Interactive Microbiome Research, Diagnostic & Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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Loomis KH, Wu SK, Ernlund A, Zudock K, Reno A, Blount K, Karig DK. A mixed community of skin microbiome representatives influences cutaneous processes more than individual members. Microbiome 2021; 9:22. [PMID: 33482907 PMCID: PMC7825201 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00963-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin, the largest organ of the human body by weight, hosts a diversity of microorganisms that can influence health. The microbial residents of the skin are now appreciated for their roles in host immune interactions, wound healing, colonization resistance, and various skin disorders. Still, much remains to be discovered in terms of the host pathways influenced by skin microorganisms, as well as the higher-level skin properties impacted through these microbe-host interactions. Towards this direction, recent efforts using mouse models point to pronounced changes in the transcriptional profiles of the skin in response to the presence of a microbial community. However, there is a need to quantify the roles of microorganisms at both the individual and community-level in healthy human skin. In this study, we utilize human skin equivalents to study the effects of individual taxa and a microbial community in a precisely controlled context. Through transcriptomics analysis, we identify key genes and pathways influenced by skin microbes, and we also characterize higher-level impacts on skin processes and properties through histological analyses. RESULTS The presence of a microbiome on a 3D skin tissue model led to significantly altered patterns of gene expression, influencing genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis, proliferation, and the extracellular matrix (among others). Moreover, microbiome treatment influenced the thickness of the epidermal layer, reduced the number of actively proliferating cells, and increased filaggrin expression. Many of these findings were evident upon treatment with the mixed community, but either not detected or less pronounced in treatments by single microorganisms, underscoring the impact that a diverse skin microbiome has on the host. CONCLUSIONS This work contributes to the understanding of how microbiome constituents individually and collectively influence human skin processes and properties. The results show that, while it is important to understand the effect of individual microbes on the host, a full community of microbes has unique and pronounced effects on the skin. Thus, in its impacts on the host, the skin microbiome is more than the sum of its parts. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin H. Loomis
- Research and Exploratory Development, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - Susan K. Wu
- Research and Exploratory Development, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - Amanda Ernlund
- Research and Exploratory Development, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - Kristina Zudock
- Research and Exploratory Development, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - Allison Reno
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Kianna Blount
- Research and Exploratory Development, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - David K. Karig
- Research and Exploratory Development, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
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Callewaert C, Knödlseder N, Karoglan A, Güell M, Paetzold B. Skin microbiome transplantation and manipulation: Current state of the art. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:624-631. [PMID: 33510866 PMCID: PMC7806958 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many skin conditions are associated with an imbalance in the skin microbiome. In recent years, the skin microbiome has become a hot topic, for both therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. The possibility of manipulating the human skin microbiome to address skin conditions has opened exciting new paths for therapy. Here we review the skin microbiome manipulation strategies, ranging from skin microbiome transplantation, over skin bacteriotherapy to the use of prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics. We summarize all efforts undertaken to exchange, manipulate, transplant or selectively apply the skin microbiome to date. Multiple microbial groups have been targeted, since they have been proven to be beneficial for skin health. We focus on the most common skin disorders and their associated skin microbiome dysbiosis and we review the existing scientific data and clinical trials undertaken to combat these skin conditions. The skin microbiome represents a novel platform for therapy. Transplantation of a complete microbiome or application of single strains has demonstrated beneficial therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Callewaert
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nastassia Knödlseder
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ante Karoglan
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marc Güell
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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