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El Fessikh M, Elkarhat Z, Flatters D, Camproux AC, Belghiti H, Guerinech H, Bakri Y, Dakka N, El Baghdadi J. Association study of leptin receptor polymorphisms in women with obesity and their impact on protein domains: a case-control study and in silico analyses. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-13. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2109755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meriem El Fessikh
- Genetics Unit, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Zouhair Elkarhat
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, Pasteur Institute of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Delphine Flatters
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Claude Camproux
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Hakim Belghiti
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Hygiene and Collectivity Medicine Ward, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hassania Guerinech
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Hygiene and Collectivity Medicine Ward, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Youssef Bakri
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nadia Dakka
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Mohanraj J, D’Souza UJA, Fong SY, Karkada IR, Jaiprakash H. Association between Leptin (G2548A) and Leptin Receptor (Q223R) Polymorphisms with Plasma Leptin, BMI, Stress, Sleep and Eating Patterns among the Multiethnic Young Malaysian Adult Population from a Healthcare University. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148862. [PMID: 35886710 PMCID: PMC9316401 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Relative leptin resistance in childhood to absolute leptin resistance in maturity suggests sleep, eating behaviour, and the psychological state as probable causes. The current body of research provides inconclusive evidence linking G2548A and Q223R to obesity. Furthermore, we could find very little data that have observed the association between the environment and gene polymorphism, especially in the multiethnic population that exists in Malaysia. This study searched for a possible link between sleeping habits, eating behaviour, and stress indicators with plasma leptin and its genetic variation in young adult Malaysian healthcare students. The study involved 185 first- and second-year medical and dental students from a healthcare university. Polymerase Chain Reaction−Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) determined the genotype, Enzyme Linked Immunoabsorbant Assay (ELISA) tested the serum leptin, and a self-administered questionnaire evaluated sleep, eating behaviour, and psychological condition. Gender and ethnicity are linked to fasting plasma leptin levels (p < 0.001). Plasma leptin also affects stress, anxiety, and sadness. Leptin (LEP) and Leptin Receptor (LEPR) polymorphisms were not associated with BMI, plasma leptin, sleep, eating behaviour, or psychological state. Young adult Malaysian Indians were obese and overweight, while Chinese were underweight. These findings imply overweight and obese participants were in stage I of leptin resistance and lifestyle change or leptin therapy could prevent them from becoming cripplingly obese as they age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaiprakash Mohanraj
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; or
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Urban J. A. D’Souza
- Department of Physiology, Father Muller College of Allied Health Sciences, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore 575002, India;
| | - Siat Yee Fong
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan Rolland Karkada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA Universiti, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia;
| | - Heethal Jaiprakash
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
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Alrashid MH, Al-Serri A, Alshemmari SH, Geo JA, Al-Bustan SA. Association analysis of genetic variants in the ghrelin and tumor necrosis factor α genes and the risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Kuwaitis. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:11-18. [PMID: 34024815 PMCID: PMC8461683 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-200373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is the most common hematological malignancy in the world. Many etiologic factors have been implicated in the risk of developing NHL, including genetic susceptibility and obesity. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Ghrelin (GHRL), an anti-inflammatory hormone, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), an inflammatory cytokine, have been independently associated with the risk for obesity and NHL. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between SNPs in GHRL and TNF-α and the risk for NHL and obesity in Kuwaitis. METHODS: We recruited 154 Kuwaiti NHL patients and 217 controls. Genotyping was performed for rs1629816 (GHRL promoter region), rs35684 (GHRL 3’ untranslated region), and rs1800629 (TNF-α promoter region). Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of the investigated SNPs with NHL and the relationship between the selected SNPs with BMI in each group separately. RESULTS: We show that rs1629816 GG was associated with an increased risk for NHL in our sample (p= 0.0003, OR 1.82; CI: 1.31–2.54). None of the investigated SNPs were associated with obesity, nor was obesity found to be associated with the risk for NHL. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates an association between rs1629816, a SNP in the GHRL regulatory region, and NHL in Kuwaitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam H Alrashid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Ahmad Al-Serri
- Department of Pathology, Unit of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Salem H Alshemmari
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.,Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jeethu Anu Geo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Suzanne A Al-Bustan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Jain V, Kumar A, Ahmad N, Jana M, Kalaivani M, Kumar B, Shastri S, Jain O, Kabra M. Genetic polymorphisms associated with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian Indian adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:749-758. [PMID: 31216264 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms in four genes, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA), patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3), adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Asian Indian adolescents. Methods In this case-control study, 218 Asian Indian adolescents with overweight/obesity and 86 lean healthy adults without fatty liver were enrolled. Hepatic steatosis was assessed and graded by ultrasonography (USG). Serum insulin, lipids, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), TNF-α, adiponectin and apolipoprotein C3 were measured and genotyping was done. Frequencies of variant and wild genotypes in all adolescents and in the subgroups without steatosis, with grade 1 steatosis and with grade 2 or 3 steatosis were compared to those in the controls. The frequencies were also compared in the overweight adolescents with grade 2 or 3 steatosis and without steatosis. Results Variant genotypes of polymorphisms -863 C > A and -1031 T > C of the TNFA gene, 455 T > C of the APOC3 gene and the wild type of +276 G > T of the ADIPOQ gene were associated with obesity with odds ratios (OR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) of 2.5 (1.5-4.4), 2.5 (1.5-4.2), 2.0 (1.1-3.6) and 2.5 (1.4-5.0), respectively. Polymorphisms 455 T > C of APOC3 and rs738409 C > G of PNPLA3 were associated with NAFLD. Fasting insulin and triglycerides (TG) were higher in the adolescents with homozygous variant polymorphisms -1031 T > C of TNFA and 455 T > C of APOC3 genes, respectively. Conclusions Several polymorphisms were noted to have a significant association with obesity and NAFLD in Asian Indian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nayeem Ahmad
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Jana
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mani Kalaivani
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivaram Shastri
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Oshima Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhulika Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Molecular dynamic (MD) studies on Gln233Arg (rs1137101) polymorphism of leptin receptor gene and associated variations in the anthropometric and metabolic profiles of Saudi women. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211381. [PMID: 30763324 PMCID: PMC6375553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gln233Arg (A>G; rs1137101) polymorphism of the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) has been investigated extensively and is reported to be associated with different metabolic states. In this investigation, we aimed to study the frequency of Gln233Arg genotypes and alleles in a group of Saudi women stratified by their body mass index (BMI), to correlate the LEPR genotypes with variations in anthropometric, lipid and hormonal parameters and to investigate conformational and structural variations in the mutant LEPR using molecular dynamic (MD) investigations. The study group included 122 Saudi women (normal weight = 60; obese = 62) attending the clinics for a routine checkup. Anthropometric data: height, weight, waist and hip circumference were recorded and fasting serum sample was used to estimate glucose, lipids, ghrelin, leptin and insulin. BMI, W/H ratio, and HOMA-IR values were calculated. Whole blood sample was used to extract DNA; exon 6 of the LEPR gene was amplified by PCR and sequencing was conducted on an ABI 3100 Avant Genetic Analyser. Molecular Dynamic Simulation studies were carried out using different softwares. The results showed the presence of all three genotypes of Gln233Arg in Saudi women, but the frequencies were significantly different when compared to reports from some populations. No differences were seen in the genotype and allele frequencies between the normal weight and obese women. Stratification by the genotypes showed significantly higher BMI, waist and hip circumference, leptin, insulin, fasting glucose and HOMA-IR and lower ghrelin levels in obese women carrying the GG genotype. Even in the normal weight group, individuals with GG genotype had higher BMI, waist and hip circumference and significantly lower ghrelin levels. The MD studies showed a significant effect of the Gln/Arg substitution on the conformation, flexibility, root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration (Rg) values, solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) and number of inter- and intra-molecular H-bonds. The results suggest that the structural changes brought about by the mutation, influence the signaling pathways by some unknown mechanism, which may be contributing to the abnormalities seen in the individuals carrying the G allele of rs1137101.
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Dos Santos Rocha A, de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva R, Nunes de Oliveira Costa G, Alexandrina Figueiredo C, Cunha Rodrigues L, Maria Alvim Matos S, Leovigildo Fiaccone R, Oliveira PR, Alves-Santos NH, Blanton RE, Lima Barreto M. Food Consumption as a Modifier of the Association between LEPR Gene Variants and Excess Body Weight in Children and Adolescents: A Study of the SCAALA Cohort. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1117. [PMID: 30126176 PMCID: PMC6116060 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
No studies showing that food consumption is a modifier of the association of variants of the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) with body weight have involved a Brazilian population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modifying effect of dietary intake on the association between the LEPR gene and excess weight. In this study, 1211 children and adolescents aged 4⁻11 years were assessed. Participants were genotyped for 112 single-nucleotide variants of the LEPR gene. Anthropometric measurements were performed, and dietary data were obtained. Logistic regressions were used to study the associations of interest. Of the participants, 13.4% were overweight/obese. The risk allele (G) of the rs1137100 variant was associated with excess weight in individuals with fat consumption below the median (odds ratio OR = 1.92; 95% confidence interval CI = 1.18⁻3.14), with daily frequency of consumption of drink/artificial juice (OR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.26⁻3.68) and refined cereals (OR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.31⁻3.62) above the median. The risk allele (G) of variant rs1177681 was also associated with excess weight (OR = 2.74; 95% CI = 1.65⁻4.57) in subjects with a daily frequency of refined cereal consumption above the median. The association between LEPR and excess weight can be modulated by the type and distribution of dietary fatty acids, sugary drinks, and refined cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dos Santos Rocha
- Departamento Ciência da Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 32, Canela, CEP: 40.110-150, Salvador, BA Brasil.
| | - Rita de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva
- Departamento Ciência da Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 32, Canela, CEP: 40.110-150, Salvador, BA Brasil.
| | - Gustavo Nunes de Oliveira Costa
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Osvaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ-Bahia, Av. Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal-Salvador/BA, CEP: 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
- UNIFACS-Universidade Salvador, Laureate International Universities, Rua Doutor José Peroba, 251, Edf. Civil Empresarial, Sobreloja, STIEP, CEP: 41770-235, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
| | - Camila Alexandrina Figueiredo
- Departamento de Ciências da Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon. s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP: 40110-100, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
| | - Laura Cunha Rodrigues
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK.
| | - Sheila Maria Alvim Matos
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s/n, Canela, CEP:40.110-040, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
| | - Rosemeire Leovigildo Fiaccone
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s/n, Canela, CEP:40.110-040, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
- Instituto de Matemática, Universidade Federal da Bahia-Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n-Ondina, CEP: 40.170-110, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
- Cidacs-Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para Saúde, Instituo Gonçalo Muniz, Fundação Owaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Parque Tecnológico da Bahia, Rua Mundo, 121, Trobogy, CEP: 41745-715, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
| | - Pablo Rafael Oliveira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Osvaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ-Bahia, Av. Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal-Salvador/BA, CEP: 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
- Cidacs-Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para Saúde, Instituo Gonçalo Muniz, Fundação Owaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Parque Tecnológico da Bahia, Rua Mundo, 121, Trobogy, CEP: 41745-715, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
| | - Nadya Helena Alves-Santos
- Observatório de Epidemiologia Nutricional, Departamento de Nutrição Aplicada e Social, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UERJ. CEP: 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
| | - Ronald E Blanton
- Center for Global Health & Diseases, Biomedical Research Building (BRB), Room 425, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Maurício Lima Barreto
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Osvaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ-Bahia, Av. Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal-Salvador/BA, CEP: 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
- Cidacs-Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para Saúde, Instituo Gonçalo Muniz, Fundação Owaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Parque Tecnológico da Bahia, Rua Mundo, 121, Trobogy, CEP: 41745-715, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
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Polymorphism in leptin receptor gene was associated with obesity in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Zou Z, Mao L, Chen J, Wang L, Cai W. RETRACTED: Association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, UCP3 and lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphisms and obesity in Chinese adolescents. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 11:27-33. [PMID: 26483159 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2), uncoupling protein gene 3 (UCP3) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) genes were all related to lipometabolism and obesity. To investigate the association between these three gene polymorphisms and obesity, a case-control study was performed in Shanghai, China. METHODS Obese adolescents and normal healthy adolescents aged 12-18 years from Eastern China (Shanghai) were chosen in 2002. The weight, height and body mass index (BMI) of all these adolescents were measured by physical examination. Genotyping for the examined gene polymorphisms were performed by PCR/PCR-RFLP methods. The chi-square test and t-test tests were separately used for the comparison of non-continuous variable and continuous variable, and regression analysis was used for genetic association analyses. RESULTS There was only one genotype of CC and no statistical analysis was performed for rs1805192. There was no significant association between rs1800849 gene polymorphism and obesity (TT vs. CC: OR=1.21, 95% CI=0.40-3.62, P=0.734; CT+TT vs. CC: OR=1.11, 95% CI=0.63-1.97, P=0.712; T allele vs. C allele: OR=1.09, 95% CI=0.71-1.68, P=0.698). There was also no significant association between rs328 and obesity (CG vs. CC: OR=0.75, 95% CI=0.36-1.55, P=0.436; CG+GG vs. CC: OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.41-1.69, P=0.604; G allele vs. C allele: OR=0.93, 95% CI=0.48-1.81, P=0.841). CONCLUSIONS No significant associations were found between rs1800849 and rs328 gene polymorphisms and obesity in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Zou
- Department of Physical Education, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lijuan Mao
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | | | | | - Wei Cai
- Department of Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Mirhafez SR, Avan A, Pasdar A, Kazemi E, Ghasemi F, Tajbakhsh A, Tabaee S, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Association of tumor necrosis factor-α promoter G-308A gene polymorphism with increased triglyceride level of subjects with metabolic syndrome. Gene 2015; 568:81-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Role of leptin G-2548A polymorphism in age- and gender-specific development of obesity. J Biosci 2015; 40:521-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-015-9536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Fujiwara CTH, Edna de Melo M, Corrêa Mancini M. Association of Leptin Gene -2548 G/A Polymorphism with Obesity: A Meta-Analysis. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2015; 66:109. [DOI: 10.1159/000375253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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