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Bansal N, Raedi WA, Medar SS, Abraham L, Beddows K, Hsu DT, Lamour JM, Mahgerefteh J. Masked Hypertension in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients. Pediatr Cardiol 2023; 44:1003-1008. [PMID: 36656319 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Masked hypertension (HTN), especially, isolated nocturnal HTN (INH) has been shown to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) but is not studied well in pediatric heart transplant (PHT) patients. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is known to identify patients with HTN but is not used routinely in PHT. METHODS A single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study of PHT recipients was performed to observe the incidence of masked HTN using 24-h ABPM. The relationship between ABPM parameters and clinical variables was assessed using Spearman correlation coefficient. p value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS ABPM was performed in 34 patients, mean age 14 ± 5 years, median 5.5 years post-PHT. All patients had normal cardiac function, left ventricular mass index and blood pressure measurements in the clinic. Four patients had known prior HTN and on medications, one of them was uncontrolled. Of the remaining 30 patients, 18 new patients were diagnosed with masked HTN, of which 14 had INH. Diurnal variation was abnormal in 82% (28/34) patients. 24-h diastolic blood pressure (DBP) index correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (r = - 0.44, p = 0.01). There was no correlation between other ABPM parameters with tacrolimus trough levels. CONCLUSIONS ABPM identified masked HTN in 60% of patients, with majority being INH. Abnormal circadian BP patterns were present in 82% and an association was found between GFR and DBP parameters. HTN, especially INH, is under-recognized in PHT recipients and ABPM has a role in their long-term care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bansal
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Ave- R1, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA.
| | - Waheed A Raedi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Ave- R1, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Shivanand S Medar
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Ave- R1, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA.,Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lincy Abraham
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Ave- R1, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Kimberly Beddows
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Ave- R1, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Daphne T Hsu
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Ave- R1, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Lamour
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Ave- R1, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Joseph Mahgerefteh
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Ave- R1, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
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Williams T, Tang X, Gilmore G, Gossett J, Knecht KR. Measures of and changes in heart rate variability in pediatric heart transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2017; 21. [PMID: 28181355 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability is primarily regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Heart transplant recipients undergo surgical denervation of the graft, which results in interruption of autonomic innervation with resultant diminished heart rate variability although some degree of autonomic control may return. This study aimed to characterize heart rate variability in this population. We report a retrospective review of Holter monitor data from transplanted patients between 2005 and 2013. Studies with significant atrial or ventricular arrhythmias were excluded. We evaluated changes over time and compared standard time domain measures to published pediatric normal values. Data were reviewed from 582 monitors in 152 patients. We found that pediatric heart transplant recipients have lower heart rate variability than age-matched controls and higher average heart rate in recipients older than 3 years. There is an increase in measures of variability through the first 3 years post-transplant with plateau after that time. Surgical technique in regard to interruption of the vagus nerve does not affect variability, nor does underlying congenital vs acquired heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Williams
- Cardiology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - X Tang
- Biostatistics Section, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - G Gilmore
- Cardiology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - J Gossett
- Biostatistics Section, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - K R Knecht
- Cardiology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Wdowczyk J, Makowiec D, Dorniak K, Gruchała M. Visualization of Heart Rate Variability of Long-Term Heart Transplant Patient by Transition Networks: A Case Report. Front Physiol 2016; 7:79. [PMID: 27014081 PMCID: PMC4780201 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a heart transplant patient at his 17th year of uncomplicated follow-up. Within a frame of routine check out several tests were performed. With such a long and uneventful follow-up some degree of graft reinnervation could be anticipated. However, the patient's electrocardiogram and exercise parameters seemed largely inconclusive in this regard. The exercise heart rate dynamics were suggestive of only mild, if any parasympathetic reinnervation of the graft with persisting sympathetic activation. On the other hand, traditional heart rate variability (HRV) indices were inadequately high, due to erratic rhythm resulting from interference of the persisting recipient sinus node or non-conducted atrial parasystole. New tools, originated from network representation of time series, by visualization short-term dynamical patterns, provided a method to discern HRV increase due to reinnervation from other reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wdowczyk
- 1st Chair and Clinic of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Danuta Makowiec
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karolina Dorniak
- Department of Noninvasive Cardiac Diagnostics, 2nd Chair of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Gruchała
- 1st Chair and Clinic of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
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