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Lin J, Selkirk EK, Siqueira I, Beaucage M, Carriere C, Dart A, De Angelis M, Erickson RL, Ghent E, Goldberg A, Hartell D, Henderson R, Matsuda-Abedini M, McKay A, Prestidge C, Toulouse C, Urschel S, Weiss MJ, Anthony SJ. Access to and Health Outcomes of Pediatric Solid Organ Transplantation for Indigenous Children in 4 Settler-colonial Countries: A Scoping Review. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00777. [PMID: 38776228 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000005071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is considered the optimal treatment for children with end-stage organ failure; however, increased efforts are needed to understand the gap surrounding equitable access to and health outcomes of SOT for Indigenous children. This scoping review summarizes the literature on the characteristics of access to and health outcomes of pediatric SOT among Indigenous children in the settler-colonial states of Canada, Aotearoa New Zealand, Australia, and the United States. A search was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL for studies matching preestablished eligibility criteria from inception to November 2021. A preliminary gray literature search was also conducted. Twenty-four studies published between 1996 and 2021 were included. Studies addressed Indigenous pediatric populations within the United States (n = 7), Canada (n = 6), Aotearoa New Zealand (n = 5), Australia (n = 5), and Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia combined (n = 1). Findings showed that Indigenous children experienced longer time on dialysis, lower rates of preemptive and living donor kidney transplantation, and disparities in patient and graft outcomes after kidney transplantation. There were mixed findings about access to liver transplantation for Indigenous children and comparable findings for graft and patient outcomes after liver transplantation. Social determinants of health, such as geographic remoteness, lack of living donors, and traditional spiritual beliefs, may affect SOT access and outcomes for Indigenous children. Evidence gaps emphasize the need for action-based initiatives within SOT that prioritize research with and for Indigenous pediatric populations. Future research should include community-engaged methodologies, situated within local community contexts, to inform culturally safe care for Indigenous children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lin
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Enid K Selkirk
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Izabelle Siqueira
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Beaucage
- Patient, Family and Donor Partnership Platform, Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Indigenous Peoples' Engagement and Research Council, Can-SOLVE CKD Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carmen Carriere
- Patient, Family and Donor Partnership Platform, Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Allison Dart
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robin L Erickson
- Paediatric Kidney Service, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emily Ghent
- Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aviva Goldberg
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Randi Henderson
- Patient, Family and Donor Partnership Platform, Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mina Matsuda-Abedini
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ashlene McKay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chanel Prestidge
- Paediatric Kidney Service, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Crystal Toulouse
- Patient, Family and Donor Partnership Platform, Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Simon Urschel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta/Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew J Weiss
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Samantha J Anthony
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Keshtkar A, Karbasian F, Reihani H, Atighi F, Hedayati SB, Ataollahi M, Geramizadeh B, Dehghani SM. A pediatric case series of catastrophic gastrointestinal complications of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease with increasing incidence, high association with coronavirus disease 2019, higher mortality, and a plea for early endoscopy to prevent late fatal outcome. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:396. [PMID: 37723518 PMCID: PMC10507962 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder is one of the most severe complications after transplantation, caused by uncontrolled proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus-positive B-cells in the setting of chronic immunosuppression. As one of the biggest transplant centers worldwide, we observed a potential increase in the number of patients with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms in 1 year, during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. There is limited information about dysregulation of the immune system following coronavirus disease 2019 infection, which may lead to Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in Epstein-Barr virus-positive B-cells and development of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Furthermore, there is no consensus in literature on a modality that can help in early diagnosis of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder with nonspecific gastrointestinal presentations before late and fatal complications occur. CASE PRESENTATION Our case series includes five Iranian (Persian) patients, three female (2, 2.5, and 5 years old) and two male (2 and 2.5 years old), who developed gastrointestinal posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder after liver transplantation. All of our patients were on a similar immunosuppressant regimen and had similar Epstein-Barr virus serologic status (seronegative at time of transplantation but seropositive at time of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder diagnosis). Four patients had either a positive coronavirus disease 2019 polymerase chain reaction test or exposure within the family. Although all of our patients presented with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, four patients developed late posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder complications such as bowel perforation and obstruction. All five patients with gastrointestinal posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder received chemotherapy, but only two survived and currently are continuing the therapy. In one of the surviving patients, prompt endoscopic investigation resulted in early diagnosis of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder and a better outcome. CONCLUSION Since 80% of our patients had exposure to coronavirus, a potential relationship might be suggested between the two. Furthermore, as we witnessed in one case, urgent endoscopic investigation in immunocompromised patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms can improve the clinical outcomes and therefore should be considered for early diagnosis of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Keshtkar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Karbasian
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ali-Asghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reihani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farnaz Atighi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Ataollahi
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center (STRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Dehghani
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Li ZR, Wang H, Lu F, Dong L, Wu J. The experiences of adolescent solid organ transplantation recipients, parents, and healthcare professionals in healthcare transition: A qualitative systematic review. J Pediatr Nurs 2023:S0882-5963(23)00123-9. [PMID: 37270387 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM The transition from paediatric-centred to adult healthcare services in adolescent solid organ transplantation recipients is a period of increased risk and vulnerability, the issues related to healthcare transition have become key concerns to the healthcare community. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Qualitative studies of any design and qualitative components of mixed method studies that explored the experiences of healthcare transition among adolescent solid organ transplant recipients, parents, and healthcare professionals were included. SAMPLE Nine articles were finalised and included in the review. METHODS A systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted. Databases searched were Scopus, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Studies published between the inception of respective database and December 2022 inclusive were considered. A three-step inductive thematic synthesis method outlined by Thomas and Harden was used to form descriptive themes and the 10-item Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was utilised to appraise the quality of included articles. RESULTS Two hundred and twenty studies were screened, and 9 studies published between 2013 and 2022 were included. Five analytical themes were generated: 'the struggle of being an adolescent with a transplant'; 'perceptions of transition'; 'the role of parents'; 'lack of transition readiness' and 'the need for better support'. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent solid organ transplant recipients, parents, and healthcare professionals faced multiple challenges in the healthcare transition. IMPLICATIONS Future interventions and health policies should provide targeted intervention strategies that address the barriers present in the healthcare transition to facilitate the optimization of the youth healthcare transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ru Li
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - HuaFen Wang
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - FangYan Lu
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Dong
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - JingYun Wu
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Killian MO, Triplett K, Mayersohn G, Howry SK, Masood S, Desai D. Medication Barriers and Adherence: Experiences of Pediatric Transplant Recipients. HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2022; 47:165-174. [PMID: 35771953 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined associations between scores on the Adolescent Medication Barriers Scale (AMBS) and the Parent Medication Barriers Scale (PMBS), patient and family factors, and medication adherence outcomes. Patients and caregivers from a pediatric solid organ transplantation (SOT) program were recruited for participation. Pediatric SOT recipients ages 10 to 21 years were eligible for participation. Analyses included reliability analyses and regression modeling with posttransplant medication adherence measured by Medication Level Variability Index scores. Seventy-three patients and caregivers completed an AMBS or PMBS questionnaire. Patient-caregiver inter-rater reliability was poor to fair. Greater medication barriers were reported among younger and female patients and families with more children. AMBS scores predicted greater nonadherence, while the PMBS was not predictive of adherence. Results point to the difficulty of assessing barriers to medication adherence and the lack of agreement between adolescent patients and caregivers. AMBS scores were more closely aligned with medication nonadherence, whereas PMBS scores may have been more influenced by family social factors. Adolescent reports of medication barriers may offer multidisciplinary transplant teams greater clinical utility when addressing these challenges with patients. Transplant social workers and psychologists should engage adolescents and caregivers in efforts to address medication nonadherence.
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Agerskov H, Thiesson HC, Pedersen BD. Parenting a child with a kidney transplant-A study of everyday life experiences. J Ren Care 2022; 49:134-143. [PMID: 35106917 DOI: 10.1111/jorc.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation in children shows excellent long-term outcomes. However, parents feel responsible for ensuring that their child adheres to complex medical interventions. The dual role - as both parent and medical caregiver - gives rise to fatigue, stress, and emotional pain. Parental and family functioning are critically important to a child's disease course, development and well-being. OBJECTIVE To explore the experiences and perspectives of mothers and fathers of children with a kidney transplant. DESIGN An explorative study using a qualitative method. PARTICIPANTS Twelve parents (seven mothers and five fathers) of seven children with a kidney transplant. APPROACH A qualitative exploratory study taking a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. METHOD Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted. The data were analysed using Ricoeur's theory of narrative and interpretation on three levels: naïve reading, structural analysis, and critical interpretation and discussion. FINDINGS Four themes were generated: Kidney transplantation as a turning point, the importance of a close collaboration with health care professionals, being the child's voice, and managing the dual role as a parent, and medical caregiver in everyday life. CONCLUSION Child kidney transplantation led to a transformation in the child, on the physical, mental, and social levels; however, the child was still in need of special attention and support. Problems with the kidney graft functioning resulted in frustration and disappointment in parents. Teamwork between a child's parents became evident, in coping with the dual role as a parent and medical caregiver. Parents aimed to maintain a clear structure related to medication and disease-related treatment. A close and trustful relationship and collaboration with health care professionals were significant and included listening to the voice of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Agerskov
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Family Focused Health Care Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle C Thiesson
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birthe D Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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McLoughlin A, Wilson C, Swords L. Parents' Experiences of Their Child's Solid-Organ Transplant: A Meta-Ethnography of Qualitative Studies. J Pediatr Psychol 2021; 47:279-291. [PMID: 34664643 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to conduct a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies examining the experiences of parents adjusting to life after the solid organ transplant (SOT) of their child. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify qualitative studies that examined this topic. The search retrieved 4,964 studies to review against inclusion criteria. A total of 21 studies were included in the meta-ethnography. A reciprocal translation was conducted to compare themes identified in each study. A line of argument synthesis was then conducted in order to integrate the similarities and differences between all of the studies into a new interpretative context. RESULTS The synthesis identified four themes: (a) adjusting to life after transplant, (b) factors that facilitate adjustment, (c) factors that disrupt adjustment, and (d) changes caused by transplant. As a result of the synthesis, a new interpretation of parents' experiences of adjusting to life after the SOT of their child was constructed. A summary figure is presented. CONCLUSION This review found that while parents may struggle to adapt to life post-transplant and the demands of caring for their child, the experience can also result in the development of new skills, a new appreciation for life, and viewing the self in a more positive manner. A better understanding of parental experiences will promote the development of more effective interventions for the adjustment of parents and families to post-transplant life.
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Gold A, Young JM, Solomon M, Grasemann H. Neuropsychological outcomes following pediatric lung transplantation. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:2427-2436. [PMID: 32567252 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lung transplantation (LTx) is a treatment option for eligible children with end-stage pulmonary diseases. Improving our understanding of longer-term developmental outcomes in pediatric LTx recipients is important for strategized interventions targeting cognitive difficulties. METHODS Neuropsychological assessments were completed for children who received LTx at our center (2009-2017). Assessments comprised tasks of general intellect, memory, visual-perception, academics, and executive functioning as well as caregiver questionnaires of adaptive, executive, emotional, and behavioral functioning. Results were compared to age-matched population norms. Between-group nonparametric tests were performed pre-LTx vs post-LTx and for children with a primary diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) vs other diagnoses (non-CF). RESULTS Neuropsychological outcomes were assessed for 21 children post-LTx, with a median age (interquartile range) at the time of transplant of 11.52 (6.89, 14.12) years. Eleven children completed pre- and post-transplant assessments and within this group, improvements for verbal learning (P = .02), aspects of mood, behavior, and adaptive functioning were observed over time (all P < .05). Post-transplant whole group analysis suggested age-appropriate abilities across most cognitive domains, with a relative weakness for executive functioning. Emotional or behavioral difficulties were not endorsed by caregivers. Across pulmonary diagnoses, higher levels of emotional, behavioral, and executive functioning difficulty were reported in the non-CF group (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Overall, LTx has a positive impact on cognitive functioning, particularly learning, adaptive functioning, mood, and behavior. Children transplanted for non-CF related diseases demonstrated greater challenges, highlighting the need for targeted assessments and interventions across the transplant process to support the complex needs of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gold
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Mary Young
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melinda Solomon
- Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hartmut Grasemann
- Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Covarrubias K, Luo X, Massie A, Schwarz KB, Garonzik-Wang J, Segev DL, Mogul DB. Determinants of length of stay after pediatric liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2020; 24:e13702. [PMID: 32212292 PMCID: PMC7260078 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to identify factors that are associated with LOS following pediatric (<18 years) liver transplantation in order to provide personalized counseling and discharge planning for recipients and their families. METHODS We identified 2726 infants (≤24 months) and 3210 children (>24 months) who underwent pediatric liver-only transplantation from 2002-2017 using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. We used multilevel multivariable negative binomial regression to analyze associations between LOS and recipient and donor characteristics and calculated the MLOSR to quantify heterogeneity in LOS across centers. RESULTS In infants, the median LOS (IQR) was 19 (13-32) days. Hospitalization prior to transplant (ICU ratio:1.46 1.591.70 ; non-ICU ratio:1.08 1.161.23 ), public insurance (ratio:1.03 1.091.15 ), and a segmental graft (ratio:1.08 1.151.22 ) were associated with a longer LOS; thus, we would expect a 1.59-fold longer LOS in an infant admitted to the ICU compared to a non-hospitalized infant with similar characteristics. In children, the median LOS (IQR) was 13 (9-21) days. Hospitalization prior to transplant (ICU ratio:1.49 1.621.77 ; non-ICU ratio:1.34 1.441.56 ), public insurance (ratio:1.02 1.071.13 ), a segmental graft (ratio:1.20 1.271.35 ), a living donor graft (ratio:1.27 1.381.51 ), and obesity (ratio:1.03 1.101.17 ) were associated with a longer LOS. The MLOSR was 1.25 in infants and 1.26 in children, meaning if an infant received a transplant at another center with a longer LOS, we would expect a 1.25-fold difference in LOS driven by center practices alone. CONCLUSIONS While center-level practices account for substantial variation in LOS, consideration of donor and recipient factors can help clinicians provide more personalized counseling for families of pediatric liver transplant candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Covarrubias
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xun Luo
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Allan Massie
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kathleen B. Schwarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Dorry L. Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Douglas B. Mogul
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Schaffhausen CR, Bruin MJ, McKinney WT, Snyder JJ, Matas AJ, Kasiske BL, Israni AK. How patients choose kidney transplant centers: A qualitative study of patient experiences. Clin Transplant 2019; 33:e13523. [PMID: 30861199 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how patients make the critical decision of choosing a transplant center. In the United States, acceptance criteria, waiting times, and mortality vary significantly by geography and center. We sought to understand patients' experiences and perspectives when selecting transplant centers. We included 82 kidney transplant patients in 20 semi-structured interviews, nine focus groups with local candidates, and three focus groups with national recipients. Sites included two local transplant centers in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and national recipients from across the United States. Transcripts were analyzed by two researchers using a thematic analysis. Several themes emerged related to priorities and barriers when choosing a center. Patients were often unfamiliar with options, even with multiple local centers. Patients described being referred to a specific center by a trusted provider. Patients prioritized perceived reputation, comfort, and convenience. Insurance coverage was both a source of information and a barrier to options. Patients underestimated differences across centers and the effects on being waitlisted and receiving a transplant. Barriers in decision making included an overwhelming scope of information and difficulty locating information relevant to patients with unique medical needs. Informed decisions could be improved by the dissemination of understandable information better tailored to individual patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marilyn J Bruin
- College of Design, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Jon J Snyder
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Arthur J Matas
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bertram L Kasiske
- Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, University of Minnesota (UMN), Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ajay K Israni
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, University of Minnesota (UMN), Minneapolis, Minnesota
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10
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Abstract
Heart transplantation is offered to children with heart failure that is not amenable to medical or surgical therapy. Indications for heart transplant include unrepairable congenital heart disease, failed palliation of congenital heart disease, and cardiomyopathies. There has been tremendous progress in this field since the first heart transplant was performed in 1967. Each year, approximately 500 pediatric heart transplants take place worldwide. Pediatric heart transplant survivors are living longer with their initial transplant. Many pediatric practitioners are faced with caring for these patients before as well as after the heart transplant and, therefore, they should be knowledgeable about basic principles related to heart transplant. There are certain complications that are unique to this population, and medication side-effects, evaluation and management of a febrile illness, opportunistic infections, vaccination, pregnancy, and exercise recommendations are areas that require special consideration. [Pediatr Ann. 2018;47(4):e172-e178.].
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11
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Schaffhausen CR, Bruin MJ, Chesley D, McBride M, Snyder JJ, Kasiske BL, Israni AK. What patients and members of their support networks ask about transplant program data. Clin Transplant 2017; 31:10.1111/ctr.13125. [PMID: 28944568 PMCID: PMC5720923 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transplant patients often seek specific data and statistics to inform medical decision making; however, for many relevant measures, patient-friendly information is not available. Development of patient-centered resources should be informed by patient needs. This study used qualitative document research methods to review 678 detailed Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) entries and summary counts of 55 362 United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) entries to provide a better understanding of what was asked and what requests were most common. Incoming call and email logs maintained by SRTR and UNOS were reviewed for 2010-2015. Patients sought a wide range of information about outcomes, waiting times, program volumes, and willingness to perform transplants in candidates with specific diseases or demographics. Patients and members of their support networks requested explanation of complex information, such as actual-vs-expected outcomes, and of general transplant processes, such as registering on the waiting list or becoming a living donor. They sought transplant program data from SRTR and UNOS, but encountered gaps in the information they wanted and occasionally struggled to interpret some data. These findings were used to identify potential gaps in providing program-specific data and to enhance the SRTR website (www.srtr.org) with more patient-friendly information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory R. Schaffhausen
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Marilyn J. Bruin
- College of Design, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daryl Chesley
- Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, Richmond, Virginia
- United Network for Organ Sharing, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Maureen McBride
- Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, Richmond, Virginia
- United Network for Organ Sharing, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jon J. Snyder
- Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bertram L. Kasiske
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ajay K. Israni
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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12
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Cousino MK, Rea KE, Schumacher KR, Magee JC, Fredericks EM. A systematic review of parent and family functioning in pediatric solid organ transplant populations. Pediatr Transplant 2017; 21. [PMID: 28181361 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The process of pediatric solid organ transplantation (SOT) places new and increased stressors on patients and family members. Measures of family functioning may predict psychological and health outcomes for pediatric patients and their families, and provide opportunity for targeted intervention. This systematic review investigated parent and family functioning and factors associated with poorer functioning in the pediatric SOT population. Thirty-seven studies were identified and reviewed. Studies featured a range of organ populations (eg, heart, liver, kidney, lung, intestine) at various stages in the transplant process. Findings highlighted that parents of pediatric SOT populations commonly report increased stress and mental health symptoms, including posttraumatic stress disorder. Pediatric SOT is also associated with increased family stress and burden throughout the transplant process. Measures of parent and family functioning were associated with several important health-related factors, such as medication adherence, readiness for discharge, and number of hospitalizations. Overall, findings suggest that family stress and burden persists post-transplant, and parent and family functioning is associated with health-related factors in SOT, highlighting family-level functioning as an important target for future intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Cousino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,University of Michigan Transplant Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelly E Rea
- University of Michigan Transplant Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kurt R Schumacher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,University of Michigan Transplant Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John C Magee
- University of Michigan Transplant Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily M Fredericks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,University of Michigan Transplant Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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13
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Amaral S, Sayed BA, Kutner N, Patzer RE. Preemptive kidney transplantation is associated with survival benefits among pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int 2016; 90:1100-1108. [PMID: 27653837 PMCID: PMC5072842 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for pediatric end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Preemptive transplantation avoids the increased morbidity and mortality of dialysis. Yet, previous studies have not demonstrated significant graft or patient survival benefits for children undergoing transplantation preemptively versus nonpreemptively. These previous studies were limited by small samples sizes and low rates of adverse events. Here we compared graft failure and mortality rates using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression among a large national cohort of children with ESRD undergoing preemptive versus nonpreemptive kidney transplantation between 2000 and 2012. Among 7527 pediatric kidney transplant recipients in the United States Renal Data System, 1668 underwent preemptive transplantation. Over a median 4.8 years follow-up, 1314 experienced graft failure, and over a median 5.2 years of follow-up, 334 died. Dialysis exposure versus preemptive transplantation conferred a higher risk of graft failure (hazard ratio 1.32; 95% confidence interval: 1.10-1.56) and a higher risk of death (hazard ratio 1.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.22-2.33) in multivariable analysis. Compared with children undergoing preemptive transplantation, children on dialysis for >1 year had a 52% higher risk of graft failure and those on dialysis >18 months had an 89% higher risk of death, regardless of donor source. Thus, preemptive transplantation is associated with substantial benefits in allograft and patient survival among children with ESRD, particularly when compared with children who receive dialysis for >1 year. These findings support policies to promote early access to transplantation and avoidance of dialysis for children with ESRD whenever feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Amaral
- Division of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Departments of Pediatrics and Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Blayne A Sayed
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nancy Kutner
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rachel E Patzer
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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14
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Lerret SM, Haglund KA, Johnson NL. Parents' Perspectives on Shared Decision Making for Children With Solid Organ Transplants. J Pediatr Health Care 2016; 30:374-80. [PMID: 26547482 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Institute of Medicine prioritizes active family and clinician participation in treatment decisions, known as shared decision making (SDM). In this article we report the decision-making experiences for parents of children who had a solid organ transplant. METHOD We performed a prospective longitudinal mixed methods study at five major U.S. children's medical centers. Qualitative interview data were obtained at 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after hospital discharge following the child's transplant. RESULTS Forty-eight parents participated in the study. Three themes were identified: (a) Parents expect to participate in SDM; (b) parents seek information to support their participation in SDM; and (c) attributes of providers' professional practice facilitates SDM. SDM was facilitated when providers were knowledgeable, transparent, approachable, accessible, dependable, and supportive. CONCLUSIONS Parents expect to participate in SDM with their transplant team. Health care providers can intentionally use the six key attributes to engage parents in SDM. The results provide a framework to consider enhancing SDM in other chronic illness populations.
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15
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Ethical Considerations in the Psychosocial Evaluation of Pediatric Organ Transplant Candidates, Recipients and Their Families. ETHICAL ISSUES IN PEDIATRIC ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29185-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Pediatric solid organ transplantation has become an accepted modality of treatment in the last few decades. The number of childhood recipients of solid organ transplantation surviving to adulthood is correspondingly rising. This review examines the epidemiology of pediatric solid organ transplant recipients, and the challenges faced during transition to adult services, with suggestions for improvement in collaborative and coordinated care. Transition to adulthood has been established as a vulnerable period for recipients of a solid organ transplant. Assessment of readiness for transfer, allowing sufficient time for preparation before the actual transfer, involvement of all stakeholders, and inclusion of a transition coordinator are some of the components that can facilitate successful transition to the adult transplant program. This programmatic approach improves both quality of life and long-term graft and patient survival. Moreover, the economic benefits associated with avoiding frequent hospitalizations for graft dysfunction and preventing re-transplantation more than compensate for the costs related to establishing and maintaining a robust transition program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Kerkar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd, #147, Los Angeles, California 90027.
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17
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Lefkowitz DS, Fitzgerald CJ, Zelikovsky N, Barlow K, Wray J. Best practices in the pediatric pretransplant psychosocial evaluation. Pediatr Transplant 2014; 18:327-35. [PMID: 24802341 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of psychosocial functioning is an often-included component of the pretransplant evaluation process. This study reviews several domains of assessment that have been related to post-transplant outcomes across solid organ transplant populations. These include evaluation of patient and family past adherence, knowledge about the transplantation process, and their neurocognitive, psychological, and family functioning. To date, few comprehensive pretransplant evaluation measures have been standardized for use with children; however, several assessment measures used to evaluate the aforementioned domains are reviewed throughout the study. Additionally, this article discusses some developmental, illness-specific, and cultural considerations in conducting the psychosocial evaluation. We also discuss ethical issues specific to the pediatric psychosocial evaluation. Recommendations are advanced to promote a comprehensive evaluation that identifies family strengths and risk factors as they begin the transplant journey.
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Mendes-Castillo AMC, Bousso RS, Ichikawa CRDF, Silva LR. The use of the Family Management Style Framework to evaluate the family management of liver transplantation in adolescence. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2014; 48:430-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s0080-623420140000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To understand the family management experience of liver transplantation during adolescence based on the Family Management Style Framework(FMSF). Method: This is a case study that used the FMSF as theoretical framework and the hybrid model of thematic analysis as methodological reference. The case presented is from an adolescent’s family that lives in Salvador, Bahia. The data were collected through interviews with the mother and the patient charts analysis. Results: The results shows that the family defines the transplantation as threatening and there are divergence between mother and daughter related to the teen’s capabilities perception. Facing those discrepancies, the family assumes a protective posture by believing that the teen cannot take care of herself alone. The perceived consequences reflect how much the uncertainty permeates the family environment. Conclusion: It is concluded that the use of a model to evaluate the management can help professionals to direct and plan specific interventions.
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Lefkowitz D, Fowler A, Wray J. The transplant journey: psychosocial aspects of the different stages of the transplantation process. Pediatr Transplant 2014; 18:123-4. [PMID: 24724942 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debra Lefkowitz
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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