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Pierre SD, Ramos MC, Shimizu HE. What Are the Best Practices for Nursing Care during an Earthquake? A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:535. [PMID: 38791751 PMCID: PMC11120831 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Among natural disasters, earthquakes have a considerable impact and are among the ten deadliest, with an extreme impact on the healthcare sector. This study aimed to analyze the best practices in nursing care for earthquake victims. An in-depth analysis was carried out by using a scoping review, a method used in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR recommendations, to identify best nursing practice in these circumstances based on searches of eight databases: MEDLINE via PubMed; Cochrane Library; Embase; VHL; PDQ-Evidence; Scopus; ProQuest; and Google Scholar. Twenty-one studies were selected. The nursing practices identified were grouped into two distinct dimensions, each subdivided into four subcategories: (i) care practices: (a) immediate care, (b) intermediate care, (c) psychosocial care, and (d) ethical care; (ii) care management and coordination practices, which cover (a) care coordination, (b) victim care network organization, (c) teamwork, and (d) training. By analyzing these nursing practices during care and relief operations for earthquake victims, this study identified the various actions carried out, the nursing skills to be developed, and the reinforcement of these advanced practices through the systematization of nurses' skills, in order to promote victims' rehabilitation, minimize their suffering, and improve their quality of life during and after an earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherley Dorothie Pierre
- Postgraduate Programme in Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Maíra Catharina Ramos
- Postgraduate Programme in Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Helena Eri Shimizu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
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Patrician PA, Bakerjian D, Billings R, Chenot T, Hooper V, Johnson CS, Sables-Baus S. Nurse well-being: A concept analysis. Nurs Outlook 2022; 70:639-650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yabuki S, Takatsuki K, Ouchi K. Psychologic distress and QOL in medical staff after a disaster: A longitudinal 4-year study. Fukushima J Med Sci 2022; 68:25-35. [PMID: 35135908 PMCID: PMC9071357 DOI: 10.5387/fms.2021-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to improve post-disaster care of medical staff, we conducted an early and ongoing assessment of post-disaster psychologic distress and quality of life (QOL) in one center of a disaster-response hospital. Twelve days after the Great East Japan Earthquake, as the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant crisis was unfolding, we began a survey to examine the physical and mental state of medical staff to assess their motivation toward work. Surveys were administered in March 2011 (Survey 1), March 2012 (Survey 2), March 2013 (Survey 3), March 2014 (Survey 4), and March 2015 (Survey 5). Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), EuroQol (EQ-5D), and MOS Short-Form 36-item Health Survey (SF-36). Although BDI scores significantly improved over time following Survey 1, participants in their 30s had significantly higher Survey 2 scores than those in their 40s/50s, and significantly higher Survey 3 scores than those in their 20s. STAI scores significantly improved over time following Survey 1. However, participants in their 30s had significantly higher Survey 3 scores than those in their 20s. EQ-5D scores did not significantly vary among survey time points or age groups. SF-36 physical functioning, role physical, social functioning, role emotional, and mental health subscale scores significantly improved over time. In conclusion, post-disaster longitudinal changes, including recovery period, differed among age groups. Thus, age should be taken into account in longitudinal evaluations of psychologic distress and QOL in medical staff after a disaster and, as more recent events suggest, during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Yabuki
- Rehabilitation Center, Fukushima Medical University Hospital
| | - Kozue Takatsuki
- Department of Pain Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuo Ouchi
- Rehabilitation Center, Fukushima Medical University Hospital
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Kalanlar B. A PRISMA-driven systematic review for determination of earthquake and nursing studies. Int Emerg Nurs 2021; 59:101095. [PMID: 34758446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2021.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing recognition worldwide of the role played by nurses in disaster management. Earthquakes account for a significant proportion of natural disasters, and merit considerable study due to the associated losses. There is, however, a gap in literature on nursing during earthquakes in terms of the scope of the studies conducted to date, and what needs to be done in the future. OBJECTIVE This study makes a review of the studies of earthquakes and nursing published between 2010 and 2020, and carries out a systematic analysis of the data obtained from these studies. The intention in this regard is to establish an overall picture of earthquakes and nursing, and to develop recommendations for future studies in this field. METHODS Studies published between 2010 and 2020 were identified from a systematic search of the CINAHL, Medline, PubMed,ScopusandWeb of Science databases using the keywords "earthquake" and "nursing". Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terminology was used to search. All identified studies were systematically reviewed and placed into either a qualitative or quantitative design. RESULTS A total of 19 eligible studies were identified from 665 potentially relevant articles. The findings of the study were organized under three development areas: practical, psychosocial and professional. CONCLUSION More research is needed in this area to gain both knowledge and skills for nurses working and caring for victims of earthquakes. This study can help to develop future research on nursing and earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Kalanlar
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Nursing Ankara, Turkey.
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Kitano M, Shoji K, Nakaita I, Sano S, Tachibana S, Bride BE, Shigemura J, Waki F, Noguchi N, Koga M, Toda H, Yoshino A, Shimizu K, Nagamine M. Validity and reliability of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale-Japanese version. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2021; 41:476-484. [PMID: 34598323 PMCID: PMC8698670 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study assessed the validity and reliability of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale-Japanese Version. METHODS The original Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale was translated into Japanese, and Japanese items were back-translated to English to confirm the accuracy of the translation. A total of 870 public health nurses from the Tohoku region in Japan completed the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale-Japanese Version. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the number of components. Moreover, 351 public health nurses from the Saitama prefecture in Japan also completed the scale. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed with the factor structure identified in the exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS The exploratory factor analysis identified two components: one associated with client-related distress and the other with trauma-related distress. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure. The two-factor structure model was better than the three-factor model presented in the original validation study for the English version of the scale. The two-factor model had good internal consistency for the overall product and the subscales. Pearson correlations showed that this model had good convergent validity against the Maslach Burnout Inventory, a psychological measure similar to the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. Finally, the two-factor model had good discriminant validity against the Maslach Burnout Inventory. CONCLUSION This study identified two components of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale-Japanese Version that differ from the three components found in the original English version. The differences in the factor structure might indicate that the factor structure was culturally influenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kitano
- Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shoji
- University of Human Environments, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ikumi Nakaita
- Faculty of Nursing, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Sano
- Department of Psychology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Shoichi Tachibana
- Division of Environmental Medicine, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Brian E Bride
- School of Social Work, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jun Shigemura
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Fumiko Waki
- Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Norihito Noguchi
- Department of Nursing, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Minori Koga
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Toda
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Aihide Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kunio Shimizu
- Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagamine
- Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Li J, Xu J, Zhou H, You H, Wang X, Li Y, Liang Y, Li S, Ma L, Zeng J, Cai H, Xie J, Pan C, Hao C, Gilmour S, Lau JTF, Hao Y, Xu DR, Gu J. Working conditions and health status of 6,317 front line public health workers across five provinces in China during the COVID-19 epidemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:106. [PMID: 33422035 PMCID: PMC7794632 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health workers at the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) and primary health care institutes (PHIs) were among the main workers who implemented prevention, control, and containment measures. However, their efforts and health status have not been well documented. We aimed to investigate the working conditions and health status of front line public health workers in China during the COVID-19 epidemic. METHODS Between 18 February and 1 March 2020, we conducted an online cross-sectional survey of 2,313 CDC workers and 4,004 PHI workers in five provinces across China experiencing different scales of COVID-19 epidemic. We surveyed all participants about their work conditions, roles, burdens, perceptions, mental health, and self-rated health using a self-constructed questionnaire and standardised measurements (i.e., Patient Health Questionnaire and General Anxiety Disorder scale). To examine the independent associations between working conditions and health outcomes, we used multivariate regression models controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and poor self-rated health was 21.3, 19.0, and 9.8%, respectively, among public health workers (27.1, 20.6, and 15.0% among CDC workers and 17.5, 17.9, and 6.8% among PHI workers). The majority (71.6%) made immense efforts in both field and non-field work. Nearly 20.0% have worked all night for more than 3 days, and 45.3% had worked throughout the Chinese New Year holiday. Three risk factors and two protective factors were found to be independently associated with all three health outcomes in our final multivariate models: working all night for >3 days (multivariate odds ratio [ORm]=1.67~1.75, p<0.001), concerns about infection at work (ORm=1.46~1.89, p<0.001), perceived troubles at work (ORm=1.10~1.28, p<0.001), initiating COVID-19 prevention work after January 23 (ORm=0.78~0.82, p=0.002~0.008), and ability to persist for > 1 month at the current work intensity (ORm=0.44~0.55, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Chinese public health workers made immense efforts and personal sacrifices to control the COVID-19 epidemic and faced the risk of mental health problems. Efforts are needed to improve the working conditions and health status of public health workers and thus maintain their morale and effectiveness during the fight against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Global Health Institute, School of Public Health and Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Hubei Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430097, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Hua You
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shan Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Hubei Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430097, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huanle Cai
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jinzhao Xie
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chenghao Pan
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chun Hao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Global Health Institute, School of Public Health and Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Joseph Tak-Fai Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuantao Hao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Global Health Institute, School of Public Health and Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dong Roman Xu
- Acacia Lab for Health Systems Strengthening and Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jing Gu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Sun Yat-sen University Global Health Institute, School of Public Health and Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Opie E, Brooks S, Greenberg N, Rubin GJ. The usefulness of pre-employment and pre-deployment psychological screening for disaster relief workers: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:211. [PMID: 32393208 PMCID: PMC7216600 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who conduct disaster relief work overseas are exposed to a variety of traumatic events that can cause distress and trigger psychological illnesses. Identification of which disaster relief workers may be at risk of experiencing psychological distress or mental health disorders is frequently carried out through pre-employment or pre-deployment psychological screening. The primary objective of our review was to assess the evidence for pre-employment and pre-deployment psychological screening of relief workers who work in disaster situations. We aimed to identify specific pre-employment and pre-deployment characteristics that predict impaired wellbeing of an individual following engaging in disaster-related work. METHODS A combined list of search terms was composed relating to disaster-related occupations, screening methods, psychological disorders, and study design. The databases used were PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and GlobalHealth. We included studies that used cross-sectional or longitudinal study designs; were published in the English language in peer-reviewed academic journals; reported on the association between pre-employment and pre-deployment features and post-deployment psychological disorders or distress; considered any occupational groups responding to a specified, discrete crisis; and used at least one validated measure of distress or disorder. We extracted data on the author; year of publication; disaster description; country of study; study design; population sample; disorder(s) outcome and the measures used; and results. RESULTS Sixty-two, high-quality studies were included in the review. Forty-one potential predictors were identified. Of these, only volunteer status and previous history of mental illness and life stressors emerged as reliable predictors of distress or disorder. CONCLUSION The results suggest that whilst it is attractive to screen for pre-employment and pre-deployment indicators of resilience, the evidence base for doing so is weak. At best, this sort of screening can only weakly suggest vulnerability and at worst may result in discrimination. Until better evidence about its usefulness becomes available, employers should exercise caution over its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Opie
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, Cutcombe Rd, London, SE5 9RJ, UK.
| | - Samantha Brooks
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, King’s College London, Weston Education Centre, Cutcombe Rd, London, SE5 9RJ UK
| | - Neil Greenberg
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, King’s College London, Weston Education Centre, Cutcombe Rd, London, SE5 9RJ UK
| | - G. James Rubin
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, King’s College London, Weston Education Centre, Cutcombe Rd, London, SE5 9RJ UK
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Nagata K, Tateishi S, Mori K. A literature review of the health effects of workers responding to the Great East Japan Earthquake. ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1539/eohp.2020-0005-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Nagata
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Seiichiro Tateishi
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Koji Mori
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
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9
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Polivka BJ, Chaudry RV. A scoping review of environmental health nursing research. Public Health Nurs 2017; 35:10-17. [DOI: 10.1111/phn.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Brooks SK, Dunn R, Amlôt R, Greenberg N, Rubin GJ. Social and occupational factors associated with psychological distress and disorder among disaster responders: a systematic review. BMC Psychol 2016; 4:18. [PMID: 27114240 PMCID: PMC4845476 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-016-0120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When disasters occur, there are many different occupational groups involved in rescue, recovery and support efforts. This study aimed to conduct a systematic literature review to identify social and occupational factors affecting the psychological impact of disasters on responders. METHODS Four electronic literature databases (MEDLINE®, Embase, PsycINFO® and Web of Science) were searched and hand searches of reference lists were carried out. Papers were screened against specific inclusion criteria (e.g. published in peer-reviewed journal in English; included a quantitative measure of wellbeing; participants were disaster responders). Data was extracted from relevant papers and thematic analysis was used to develop a list of key factors affecting the wellbeing of disaster responders. RESULTS Eighteen thousand five papers were found and 111 included in the review. The psychological impact of disasters on responders appeared associated with pre-disaster factors (occupational factors; specialised training and preparedness; life events and health), during-disaster factors (exposure; duration on site and arrival time; emotional involvement; peri-traumatic distress/dissociation; role-related stressors; perceptions of safety, threat and risk; harm to self or close others; social support; professional support) and post-disaster factors (professional support; impact on life; life events; media; coping strategies). CONCLUSIONS There are steps that can be taken at all stages of a disaster (before, during and after) which may minimise risks to responders and enhance resilience. Preparedness (for the demands of the role and the potential psychological impact) and support (particularly from the organisation) are essential. The findings of this review could potentially be used to develop training workshops for professionals involved in disaster response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Brooks
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK.
| | - Rebecca Dunn
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - Richard Amlôt
- Public Health England, Emergency Response Department Science and Technology, Health Protection and Medical Directorate, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wilts, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Neil Greenberg
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - G James Rubin
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
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11
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Noguchi N, Inoue S, Shimanoe C, Shibayama K, Shinchi K. Factors Associated with Nursing Activities in Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151170. [PMID: 26959351 PMCID: PMC4784935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although nurses play an important role in humanitarian aid and disaster relief (HA/DR), little is known about the nursing activities that are performed in HA/DR. We aimed to clarify the nursing activities performed by Japanese nurses in HA/DR and to examine the factors associated with the frequency of nursing activities. METHODS A self-administered questionnaire survey was completed by 147 nurses with HA/DR experience. The survey extracted information on demographic characteristics, past experience (e.g., disaster medical training experience, HA/DR experience), circumstances surrounding their dispatched to HA/DR (e.g., team size, disaster type, post-disaster phase, mission term), and the frequency of nursing activities performed under HA/DR. The frequency of nursing activities was rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Evaluation of nursing activities was conducted based on the "nursing activity score", which represents the frequency of each nursing activity. Factors related to the nursing activity score were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Nurses were involved in 27 nursing activities in HA/DR, 10 of which were performed frequently. On analysis, factors significantly associated with nursing activity score were nursing license as a registered nurse (OR 7.79, 95% CI 2.95-20.57), two or more experiences with disaster medical training (OR 2.90 95%, CI 1.12-7.49) and a post-disaster phase of three weeks or longer (OR 8.77, 95% CI 2.59-29.67). CONCLUSIONS These results will contribute to the design of evidence-based disaster medical training that improves the quality of nursing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Noguchi
- Department of Community and International Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Trauma Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Chisato Shimanoe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kaoru Shibayama
- Department of Nursing, Saga-Ken Medical Centre Koseikan, Saga, Japan
| | - Koichi Shinchi
- Department of Community and International Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Shigemura J, Harada N, Yoshino A. Mental health support for healthcare workers after the Great East Japan Earthquake: Five years on. Nurs Health Sci 2016; 18:1-3. [DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shigemura
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine; National Defense Medical College; Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Nahoko Harada
- Division of Nursing, School of Medicine; National Defense Medical College; Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Aihide Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine; National Defense Medical College; Tokorozawa Japan
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13
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Rubin GJ, Harper S, Williams PD, Öström S, Bredbere S, Amlôt R, Greenberg N. How to support staff deploying on overseas humanitarian work: a qualitative analysis of responder views about the 2014/15 West African Ebola outbreak. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2016; 7:30933. [PMID: 27863536 PMCID: PMC5116059 DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v7.30933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Responding to health crises overseas can be both rewarding and distressing for staff involved. OBJECTIVE We interviewed UK staff involved in the 2014/15 Ebola response to identify experiences that positively or negatively affected them. METHOD We conducted qualitative telephone interviews with 30 Public Health England (PHE) staff and 21 non-governmental organisation (NGO) staff who had deployed to West Africa. RESULTS The main motivations for deploying were for moral reasons and personal development. Families were largely supportive of deployment, although family tension was apparent. Pre-deployment training was largely viewed positively. Common stressors included dealing with death and suffering as well as concerns about contagion, while uplifting aspects included seeing patients improve and receiving thanks from community members. Communications with home were largely satisfactory, although participants commonly self-censored their communication. Inter-organisational tensions caused stress, particularly for PHE staff hosted by NGOs. After deployment, loss of motivation and being avoided by friends and family were common. CONCLUSION Highlighting the personal benefits arising from deployments, as well as their moral value, may help to increase volunteering. Efforts to improve the support given to responders should focus on identifying how to better support families, preparing all staff members for dealing with death and the risk of contagion, providing opportunities for staff to more frequently experience the uplifting aspects of deployment, resolving inter-organisational difficulties, and educating others about the low risk posed by responders on their return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon James Rubin
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, King's College London, London, UK;
| | - Sarah Harper
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Diaz Williams
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sanna Öström
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Samantha Bredbere
- Emergency Response Department Science and Technology, Health Protection and Medical Directorate, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Richard Amlôt
- Emergency Response Department Science and Technology, Health Protection and Medical Directorate, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Neil Greenberg
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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Brooks SK, Dunn R, Sage CAM, Amlôt R, Greenberg N, Rubin GJ. Risk and resilience factors affecting the psychological wellbeing of individuals deployed in humanitarian relief roles after a disaster. J Ment Health 2015; 24:385-413. [PMID: 26452755 DOI: 10.3109/09638237.2015.1057334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When disasters occur, humanitarian relief workers frequently deploy to assist in rescue/recovery efforts. AIMS To conduct a systematic review of factors affecting the psychological wellbeing of disaster relief workers and identify recommendations for interventions. METHOD We searched MEDLINE®, Embase, PsycINFO® and Web of Science for relevant studies, supplemented by hand searches. We performed thematic analysis on their results to identify factors predicting wellbeing. RESULTS Sixty-one publications were included. Key themes were: pre-deployment factors (preparedness/training); peri-deployment factors (deployment length/timing; traumatic exposure; emotional involvement; leadership; inter-agency cooperation; support; role; demands and workload; safety/equipment; self-doubt/guilt; coping strategies) and post-deployment factors (support; media; personal and professional growth). CONCLUSIONS As well as role-specific stressors, many occupational stressors not specific to humanitarian relief (e.g. poor leadership, poor support) present a significant health hazard to relief workers. Humanitarian organisations should prioritise strengthening relationships between team members and supervisors, and dealing effectively with non-role-specific stressors, to improve the psychological resilience of their workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Brooks
- a Department of Psychological Medicine , King's College London , London , UK and
| | - Rebecca Dunn
- a Department of Psychological Medicine , King's College London , London , UK and
| | - Clara A M Sage
- a Department of Psychological Medicine , King's College London , London , UK and
| | - Richard Amlôt
- b Emergency Response Department, Health Protection Directorate, Public Health England, Microbial Risk Assessment and Behavioural Science, Porton Down , Salisbury , Wilts , UK
| | - Neil Greenberg
- a Department of Psychological Medicine , King's College London , London , UK and
| | - G James Rubin
- a Department of Psychological Medicine , King's College London , London , UK and
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15
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Harada N, Shigemura J, Tanichi M, Kawaida K, Takahashi S, Yasukata F. Mental health and psychological impacts from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster: a systematic literature review. DISASTER AND MILITARY MEDICINE 2015; 1:17. [PMID: 28265432 PMCID: PMC5330089 DOI: 10.1186/s40696-015-0008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background On March 11, 2011, Japan experienced an unprecedented combination of earthquake/tsunami/nuclear accidents (the Great East Japan Earthquake; GEJE). We sought to identify mental health and psychosocial consequences of this compound disaster. Method A systematic literature review was conducted of quantitative research articles addressing mental health of survivors and the psychological impact of the GEJE. For articles between March 2011 and December 2014, PubMed, PsychINFO, and EMBASE databases were searched with guidance on literature review method. Results Forty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. A substantial proportion of the affected individuals experienced considerable psychological distress. Mental health outcomes included, but were not limited to, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Physical health changes, such as sleeping and eating disturbances, also occurred. In Fukushima, radioactive release induced massive fear and uncertainty in a large number of people, causing massive distress among the affected residents, especially among mothers of young children and nuclear plant workers. Stigma was additional challenge to the Fukushima residents. The review identified several groups with vulnerabilities, such as disaster workers, children, internally displaced people, patients with psychiatric disorders, and the bereaved. Conclusions Following the GEJE, a considerable proportion of the population was mentally affected to a significant degree. The affected individuals showed a wide array of mental and physical consequences. In Fukushima, the impact of nuclear disaster was immense and complex, leading to fear of radiation, safety issues, and stigma issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Harada
- Division of Nursing, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513 Japan.,William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Maloney Hall 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA
| | - Jun Shigemura
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513 Japan
| | - Masaaki Tanichi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513 Japan
| | - Kyoko Kawaida
- Division of Nursing, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513 Japan
| | - Satomi Takahashi
- Division of Nursing, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513 Japan
| | - Fumiko Yasukata
- Division of Nursing, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513 Japan
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