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Wang E, Lipner SR. Adverse Effects of Do-It-Yourself Nail Cosmetics: A Literature Review. Skin Appendage Disord 2024; 10:180-185. [PMID: 38835709 PMCID: PMC11147520 DOI: 10.1159/000536381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As self-applied manicures have gained popularity, it is important for physicians to remain informed about potential associated side effects. Traditional polish remains most popular among nail enthusiasts, but the pursuit of durability and convenience accelerated development of other nail cosmetic products, including gel polish, acrylic nails, and press-on nails. Despite documented adverse effects among beauty professionals and salon customers, individuals practicing at-home nail care routines may face similar, if not more, frequent complications due to misinformation, inadequate training, and social media trends. Summary This review provides an overview of adverse effects associated with different at-home nail cosmetics. Allergic contact dermatitis is the most prevalent adverse event, primarily attributed to (meth)acrylates found in nail glue, gel polish, and acrylic nails. Other adverse effects include infections, chemical burns, and complications from ultraviolet nail lamps. Key Message The review highlights the importance of transparent product labeling and appropriate warning labels from manufacturers, as well as physician education and awareness for minimizing risks related to at-home nail cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Wang
- School of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shari R. Lipner
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Prudkin L, Cedirian S, Santamaria J, Jourdan E, Piraccini BM. Exposome Impact on Nail Health. Skin Appendage Disord 2024; 10:186-198. [PMID: 38835707 PMCID: PMC11147530 DOI: 10.1159/000536573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The nail unit is a complex system with various components, each serving distinct functions. The exposome, encompassing external and internal factors such as UV radiation, air pollution, dietary habits, and cosmetic product usage, substantially influences nail health and can lead to premature nail aging. Summary Internal and external exposomal factors can impact differently on nail health, inducing a variety of different clinical conditions. Effective therapeutic strategies exist, but a comprehensive understanding of how the exposome affects nails is lacking. This article aims to bridge this knowledge gap by exploring the relationship between the exposome and nail health, emphasizing it as a central focus of our analysis. Key Messages (1) The exposome, comprising various external and internal factors, may significantly influence nail health negatively, leading to premature nail aging. (2) Different nail conditions may arise due to the exposomal influence on nails. (3) Understanding the exposome's impact on nail health is crucial for developing solutions to mitigate negative effects and improve overall nail well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephano Cedirian
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Eric Jourdan
- Innovation and Development, ISDIN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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3
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Minaberry YS, Svarc FE. Sun protection, progress, myths, and inconsistencies (a proposal for the democratization of ISO 24443). Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:244-253. [PMID: 37344925 DOI: 10.1111/php.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The concept of modern human sun protection is no more than one hundred years, but real development of it, including protection against UVA + UVB radiation (and more recently also the IR and blue light), has been no more than 30 years. One fundamental issue while formulating sunscreens is the photostability of the UV filters, which is particularly feeble for the UVA. The gold standard for the determination of sunscreen UVA protection "in vitro" is ISO 24443:2021. Still, interlaboratory results are not as consistent as expected. The Technical Committee for Cosmetics (ISO TC 217) has tried to standardize the method with precise specifications for the materials and equipment used. In particular, the standardization of UV exposure sources based on Xe arc lamps. This fact requires expensive equipment out of the reach of many laboratories to achieve adequate temperature control on the samples. In this paper, it will be shown that, within the experimental error, satisfactory results were achieved with a cheap commercial LED source irradiating only in the UVA spectra. Evidence is presented to conclude that other more relevant factors must be considered as the main cause of uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Susana Minaberry
- DQIAQF, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Eugenio Svarc
- DQIAQF, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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4
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Słabicka-Jakubczyk A, Lewandowski M, Pastuszak P, Barańska-Rybak W, Górska-Ponikowska M. Influence of UV nail lamps radiation on human keratinocytes viability. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22530. [PMID: 38110536 PMCID: PMC10728212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet nail lamps are becoming increasingly popular, however, the safety of their use remains controversial. The following article directly responds to recently published literature data and aims to determine the viability of human keratinocytes irradiated by a UV nail-drying machine. Cells were exposed to 365-405 nm wavelength UV light emitted by a nail drying machine in two time variants: 4 and 20 min, with and without sunscreen cream SPF50 protection, and compared to the untreated control. Compared to the control, cell viability after irradiation for 4 min decreased insignificantly (p < 0.1), however for 20 min decreased by 35% (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, cells with sunscreen protection compared to those without showed significantly increased viability, regardless of time-variant (p < 0.0001). The study shows that 4-min irradiation does not significantly reduce the viability of human keratinocytes and the time of 20 min significantly alters the research results compared to 4 min, which corresponds to real conditions. The results suggest that typical manicure exposure time does not significantly affect keratinocyte viability, which could increase the risk of developing skin cancers. Despite the above results, it is recommended to use sunscreen protection on your hands during the procedure, which significantly increases the viability of keratinocytes during ultraviolet nail lamp radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Słabicka-Jakubczyk
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Miłosz Lewandowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paulina Pastuszak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wioletta Barańska-Rybak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Górska-Ponikowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.
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5
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Shiels OJ, Menti-Platten M, Bokosi FRB, Burns BR, Keaveney ST, Keller PA, Barker PJ, Trevitt AJ. A Photoreactor-Interfaced Mass Spectrometer: An Online Platform to Monitor Photochemical Reactions. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15472-15476. [PMID: 37830912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
An experimental platform is reported that allows for the online characterization of photochemical reactions by coupling a continuous flow photoreactor, equipped with LED light irradiation and a dual-tipped ESI source, directly to a mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization. The capabilities of this platform are demonstrated with two classes of photoreactions: (1) the photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate and (2) photocatalyzed alkyne insertion into a 1,2,3-benzotriazinone. The online technique provides rapid information to inform the underlying photochemical mechanism and evaluate the overall photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisin J Shiels
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Maria Menti-Platten
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Fostino R B Bokosi
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Brett R Burns
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Sinead T Keaveney
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Paul A Keller
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Philip J Barker
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Adam J Trevitt
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
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Lee S, Gaskin S, Piccoli B, Pisaniello D. Blue light exposure in the workplace: a case study of nail salons. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2021; 77:351-355. [PMID: 33989136 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.1924604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent or LED nail lamps are used in manicure and pedicure salons to cure nail coatings. These are UV sources, but with significant blue light emissions. Most of the literature emphasizes skin damage and cancer risk from UV exposure rather than blue light-induced damage to visual photoreceptors. Nail technicians using the lamps routinely may have potentially greater exposure than customers. However, there are no data on blue light radiance levels combined with time activity patterns for exposure assessment. This research aimed to determine exposures through simulation experiments, informed by observational studies in seven nail salons. Typical and worst-case time activity patterns were established, and spectral radiance doses determined in the occupational visual field for two LED nail curing lamps. The results showed the effective spectral radiance dose were below the current guideline promulgated by the International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection. Interestingly, radiances at the corners of one LED nail curing lamp was higher than at the center, which shows the amount of exposure can differ depending on the viewing angle. This research is the first to determine spectral radiance doses. A covered design is highly recommended for blocking the emission of blue light from a nail lamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- SoYoung Lee
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sharyn Gaskin
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Bruno Piccoli
- Department of Biomedicine, Section of Occupational Health, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Dino Pisaniello
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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7
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Khoury A, Young K, O'Neill J. UV nail lamps, is there a malignancy risk? A review of the literature. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020; 73:983-1007. [PMID: 32029414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Khoury
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, United Kingdom.
| | - Katie Young
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer O'Neill
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, United Kingdom
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8
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Ratycz MC, Lender JA, Gottwald LD. Multiple Dorsal Hand Actinic Keratoses and Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Unique Presentation following Extensive UV Nail Lamp Use. Case Rep Dermatol 2019; 11:286-291. [PMID: 31762742 PMCID: PMC6873006 DOI: 10.1159/000503273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common skin cancer worldwide, and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light is a major cause of SCC. UV nail lamps can be used for drying and hardening acrylic or gel nail polish. We report a case of a 52-year-old Caucasian woman with an 18-year history of UV nail lamp use every 3 weeks and an 18-year history of weekly tanning bed use who presented with over 25 actinic keratoses and two SCC in situ on her dorsal hands. Of note, this patient has never had any previous biopsies, skin cancer or precancers, or skin cancer or precancer treatment at any time in the past and on skin examination had no precancers or cancers elsewhere on her body. We also review the existing research regarding nail lamp use, which overall suggests that the risk of carcinogenesis is low, and discuss ways dermatologists can educate patients regarding proper UV nail lamp use to minimize risks. This patient's extensive UV nail lamp use coupled with UVA exposure from tanning beds may have put her at particular risk and exacerbated the effects of the nail lamp alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison C Ratycz
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Lorie D Gottwald
- Department of Dermatology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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9
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Dinani N, George S. Nail cosmetics: a dermatological perspective. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 44:599-605. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Dinani
- Dermatology Department Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust Brighton UK
| | - S. George
- Dermatology Department Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust Brighton UK
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10
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Zareanshahraki F, Mannari V. "Green" UV-LED gel nail polishes from bio-based materials. Int J Cosmet Sci 2018; 40:555-564. [PMID: 30300456 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gel nail polishes represent an advanced class of nail polishes, with the ability to cure under ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and consequently demonstrate improved properties and greater durability compared to conventional nail polishes. Most gel nail polishes available today are based on petrochemical resources, making them unsustainable. Bio-based materials are excellent renewable resources, with high potential for meeting final-product performance, cost, and environmental needs. In addition, bio-based materials can be modified to make them amenable to being cured by advanced Light Emitting Diode (LED) resources that consume low energy and are safer for human exposure compared to conventional UV-mercury lamps. Consumer preference for use of products made from bio-based sources has been clearly growing. On the other hand, according to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) technology roadmap, a considerable amount of basic chemical building blocks should be derived from plant-based renewable materials in near future. However, to the best of our knowledge, bio-based nail products have not been sufficiently explored. Therefore, to keep pace with environmental regulations and consumer preference, there is an unmet opportunity to develop novel, sustainable nail gel polishes with considerable bio-renewable content. In this study, two sustainable UV-LED curable gel nail polish prototypes-one high-solids zero-volatile organic content (VOC) and the other waterborne, both with considerable bio-renewable content, were designed. METHODS Both formulations were cured under both UV-mercury and UV-LED radiation sources in order to evaluate their curing efficiency under a UV-LED source. Also, their performance was compared with a commercial petro-based benchmark. RESULTS The high-solids formulation demonstrated promising performance, exceeding that of the benchmark in opacity, chemical properties, gloss, and pendulum hardness, while the waterborne formulation met most of the desirable requirements with some significant technical benefits, including low odour and higher renewable raw material content. CONCLUSION These novel gel nail polishes are greener alternatives to the current products in the market with high potential for promising consumer acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijay Mannari
- Coatings Research Institute, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
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11
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Shihab N, Lim HW. Potential cutaneous carcinogenic risk of exposure to UV nail lamp: A review. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2018; 34:362-365. [PMID: 29882991 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The increased use of ultraviolet (UV) nail lamps in recent years has generated safety concerns of this device. A UV nail lamp is a source of artificial UVA radiation, often used to dry, harden, and cure the nails at home and in the salon. UVA radiation is known to be mutagenic and can cause damage to the DNA, resulting in cutaneous malignancy. Currently, there are only a few studies that have evaluated UV nail lamp irradiation and its potential carcinogenic risk. We review the literature on UV nail lamps, its safety, effect on nails and hands, and the potential role in increasing the risk of cutaneous malignancy. Based on available data, the carcinogenic risk is low; nonetheless, the use of a broad spectrum sunscreen with SPF >30 before UV nail lamp exposure is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Shihab
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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12
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Bollard SM, Beecher SM, Moriarty N, Kelly JL, Regan PJ, Potter SM. Skin cancer risk and the use of UV nail lamps. Australas J Dermatol 2018; 59:348-349. [PMID: 29590498 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne M Beecher
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicole Moriarty
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jack L Kelly
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Padraic J Regan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Shirley M Potter
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
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13
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Baeza D, Sola Y, del Río LA, González R. Nail dryer devices: a measured spectral irradiance and labelling review. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:592-598. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00388a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of nail dryer devices does not represent a critical risk. The expected erythemal doses are lower than that from surface solar radiation in summer months.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Baeza
- Futuro Tecnológico Español
- Madrid
- Spain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University San Pablo CEU
| | - Yolanda Sola
- Group of Meteorology
- Department of Applied Physics
- University of Barcelona
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Luis Alberto del Río
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health
- University San Pablo CEU
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Rafael González
- Electrical Safety Area of DEKRA Testing and Certification
- S.A.U
- Málaga
- Spain
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14
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Dowdy JC, Sayre RM. Nail curing UV lamps: Trivial exposure not cause for public alarm. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 73:e185-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Kerai LV, Hilton S, Murdan S. UV-curable gel formulations: Potential drug carriers for the topical treatment of nail diseases. Int J Pharm 2015; 492:177-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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