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Khan F, Jang Y, Patil Y, Misra R, D'Souza F. Photoinduced Charge Separation Prompted Intervalence Charge Transfer in a Bis(thienyl)diketopyrrolopyrrole Bridged Donor‐TCBD Push‐Pull System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faizal Khan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Yuvraj Patil
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
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2
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Khan F, Jang Y, Patil Y, Misra R, D'Souza F. Photoinduced Charge Separation Prompted Intervalence Charge Transfer in a Bis(thienyl)diketopyrrolopyrrole Bridged Donor-TCBD Push-Pull System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20518-20527. [PMID: 34258866 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Intervalence charge transfer (IVCT), a phenomenon observed in molecular systems comprised of two redox centers differing in oxidation states by one unit, is reported in a novel, newly synthesized, multi-modular donor-acceptor system comprised of central bis(thienyl)diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) hosting two phenothiazine-tetracyanobutadiene (PTZ-TCBD) entities on the opposite sides. One-electron reduction of TCBD promoted electron exchange between the two TCBD resulting in IVCT transition in the near-infrared region. The stabilization energy, -ΔGcom and comproportionation equilibrium constant, Kcom calculated from peak potentials of the split reduction waves were found to be 1.06×104 J mol-1 , and 72.3 M-1 , respectively. Further, the IVCT transition was also witnessed during the process of thermodynamically feasible electron transfer upon excitation of the TDPP entity in the system, and served as a diagnostic marker to characterize the electron transfer product. Subsequent transient absorption spectral studies and data analysis by Global and Target analyses revealed occurrence of ultrafast charge separation (kcs ≈1010 s-1 ) owing to the close proximity and good communication between the entities of the multi-modular donor-acceptor system. The role of central TDPP in promoting IVCT is borne out from the present investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizal Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Yuvraj Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
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3
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Synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical and computational study of indolocarbazole based donor acceptor type conjugated polymers. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Badía-Domínguez I, Peña-Álvarez M, Wang D, Pérez Guardiola A, Vida Y, Rodríguez González S, López Navarrete JT, Hernández Jolín V, Sancho García JC, García Baonza V, Nash R, Hartl F, Li H, Ruiz Delgado MC. Dynamic Covalent Properties of a Novel Indolo[3,2-b]carbazole Diradical. Chemistry 2021; 27:5509-5520. [PMID: 33474741 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and properties of a dicyanomethylene-substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazole diradical ICz-CN. This quinoidal system dimerises almost completely to (ICz-CN)2 , which contains two long C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) σ-bonds between the dicyanomethylene units. The minor open-shell ICz-CN component in the solid-state mixture was identified by EPR spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectroelectrochemical data, as well as comparison with reference monomer ICz-Br reveal that the nature of the one-electron oxidation of (ICz-CN)2 at ambient temperature and ICz-CN at elevated temperature is very similar in all these compounds due to the prevailing localization of their HOMO on the ICz backbone. The peculiar cathodic behaviour reflects the co-existence of (ICz-CN)2 and ICz-CN. The involvement of the dicyanomethylene groups stabilizes the close-lying LUMO and LUMO+1 of (ICz-CN)2 and especially ICz-CN compared to ICz-Br, resulting in a distinctive cathodic response at low overpotentials. Differently from neutral ICz-CN, its radical anion and dianion are remarkably stable under ambient conditions. The UV/Vis(-NIR) electronic transitions in parent (ICz-CN)2 and ICz-CN and their different redox forms have been assigned convincingly with the aid of TD-DFT calculations. The σ-bond in neutral (ICz-CN)2 is cleaved in solution and in the solid-state upon soft external stimuli (temperature, pressure), showing a strong chromism from light yellow to blue-green. Notably, in the solid state, the monomeric diradical species is predominantly formed under high hydrostatic pressure (>1 GPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Badía-Domínguez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miriam Peña-Álvarez
- Present address: Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions & School of, Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK.,MALTA-Consolider Team, Department of Physical Chemistry I, Chemistry Faculty, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Deliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for, Organic Functional Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | | | - Yolanda Vida
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, C/ Severo Ochoa 35, 29590 Campanillas, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodríguez González
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan T López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Víctor Hernández Jolín
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan C Sancho García
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Valentín García Baonza
- MALTA-Consolider Team and Instituto de Geociencias IGEO (CSIC-UCM), University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosie Nash
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DX, UK
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DX, UK
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for, Organic Functional Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - M Carmen Ruiz Delgado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
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5
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Harvey PD, Sharma GD, Witulski B. Indolo- and Diindolocarbazoles in Organic Photovoltaic Cells. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre D. Harvey
- Departement de chimie, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department of Physics, LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli 302017 Jaipur, India
| | - Bernhard Witulski
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moleculaire et Thio-organique, CNRS UMR 6507, ENSICAEN & UNICaen, Universite de Normandie, 6 Bvd Marechal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
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6
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Architectures and Applications of BODIPY-Based Conjugated Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:polym13010075. [PMID: 33375479 PMCID: PMC7795016 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers generally contain conjugated backbone structures with benzene, heterocycle, double bond, or triple bond, so that they have properties similar to semiconductors and even conductors. Their energy band gap is very small and can be adjusted via chemical doping, allowing for excellent photoelectric properties. To obtain prominent conjugated materials, numerous well-designed polymer backbones have been reported, such as polyphenylenevinylene, polyphenylene acetylene, polycarbazole, and polyfluorene. 4,4'-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-based conjugated polymers have also been prepared owing to its conjugated structure and intriguing optical properties, including high absorption coefficients, excellent thermal/photochemical stability, and high quantum yield. Most importantly, the properties of BODIPYs can be easily tuned by chemical modification on the dipyrromethene core, which endows the conjugated polymers with multiple functionalities. In this paper, BODIPY-based conjugated polymers are reviewed, focusing on their structures and applications. The forms of BODIPY-based conjugated polymers include linear, coiled, and porous structures, and their structure-property relationship is explored. Also, typical applications in optoelectronic materials, sensors, gas/energy storage, biotherapy, and bioimaging are presented and discussed in detail. Finally, the review provides an insight into the challenges in the development of BODIPY-based conjugated polymers.
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Cullen AA, Heintz K, O'Reilly L, Long C, Heise A, Murphy R, Karlsson J, Gibson E, Greetham GM, Towrie M, Pryce MT. A Time-Resolved Spectroscopic Investigation of a Novel BODIPY Copolymer and Its Potential Use as a Photosensitiser for Hydrogen Evolution. Front Chem 2020; 8:584060. [PMID: 33195076 PMCID: PMC7604388 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.584060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel 4,4-difuoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) copolymer with diethynylbenzene has been synthesised, and its ability to act as a photosensitiser for the photocatalytic generation of hydrogen was investigated by time-resolved spectroscopic techniques spanning the ps- to ns-timescales. Both transient absorption and time-resolved infrared spectroscopy were used to probe the excited state dynamics of this photosensitising unit in a variety of solvents. These studies indicated how environmental factors can influence the photophysics of the BODIPY polymer. A homogeneous photocatalytic hydrogen evolution system has been developed using the BODIPY copolymer and cobaloxime which provides hydrogen evolution rates of 319 μmol h−1 g−1 after 24 h of visible irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoibhín A Cullen
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katharina Heintz
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura O'Reilly
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Long
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joshua Karlsson
- Energy Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Gibson
- Energy Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory M Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Science & Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Science & Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mary T Pryce
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Abstract
Difluoroboron-dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) are highly popular fluorescent dyes with applications as NIR probes for bioimaging, fluorescent tags/sensors and as photosensitizers in cancer therapy and organic photovoltaics. This review concentrates on the synthesis and spectral properties of BODIPY dyes conjugated with carbazole heterocycle. The carbazole is an electron rich tricyclic compound and due to its excellent electronic properties, it is extensively used in the production of electroluminescent materials and polymers. This review highlights the recent progress made on the series of BODIPY derivatives containing carbazole ring at alpha, beta, and meso-positions of the BODIPY skeleton. Carbazole based hybrid BODIPYs, carbazole linked aza-BODIPYs and carbazole-fused BODIPYs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iti Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Praseetha E Kesavan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India
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9
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Yellow-to-blue switching of indole[3,2-b]carbazole-based electrochromic polymers and the corresponding electrochromic devices with outstanding photopic contrast, fast switching speed, and satisfactory cycling stability. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Strahan J, Popere BC, Khomein P, Pointer CA, Martin SM, Oldacre AN, Thayumanavan S, Young ER. Modulating absorption and charge transfer in bodipy-carbazole donor–acceptor dyads through molecular design. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8488-8501. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bodipy-based donor–acceptor dyads were evaluated using transient absorption spectroscopy to reveal the influence of beta vs. meso substitution on excited-state dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Strahan
- Department of Chemistry
- Amherst College
- Amherst
- USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
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11
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Daniels M, de Jong F, Kennes K, Martín C, Hofkens J, Van der Auweraer M, Dehaen W. Promising Molecules for Optoelectronic Applications: Synthesis of 5,10-Dihydrobenzo[a
]indolo[2,3-c
]carbazoles by Scholl Reaction of 1,2-Bis(indol-2-yl)benzenes. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Daniels
- Molecular Design and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven, Leuven Chem&Tech; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Flip de Jong
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics; Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven, Leuven Chem&Tech; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Koen Kennes
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics; Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven, Leuven Chem&Tech; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Cristina Martín
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics; Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven, Leuven Chem&Tech; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics; Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven, Leuven Chem&Tech; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics; Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven, Leuven Chem&Tech; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven, Leuven Chem&Tech; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
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Squeo BM, Gregoriou VG, Avgeropoulos A, Baysec S, Allard S, Scherf U, Chochos CL. BODIPY-based polymeric dyes as emerging horizon materials for biological sensing and organic electronic applications. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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Chong H, Fron E, Liu Z, Boodts S, Thomas J, Harvey JN, Hofkens J, Dehaen W, Van der Auweraer M, Smet M. Acid-Sensitive BODIPY Dyes: Synthesis through Pd-Catalyzed Direct C(sp 3 )-H Arylation and Photophysics. Chemistry 2017; 23:4687-4699. [PMID: 28134471 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel palladium-catalyzed direct C(sp3 )-H arylation of the methyl group at the 8-position of BODIPY by bromoarenes was established. A deprotonative cross-coupling process was supposed to be involved in the reaction. This approach allowed us to attach electron-donating/withdrawing, halogen substituted aryls and a heteroaryl with a yield running from 55 to 99 %. Novel pH sensors, which in the absence of acid showed the occurrence of photoinduced electron transfer, were synthesized by attaching dimethylaniline to the methyl at the C8-position of BODIPY. The reference compounds with dimethylaniline directly attached to the C8-position were also synthesized and besides photoinduced electron transfer also showed a charge-transfer emission. Their photophysical properties were investigated by steady-state fluorescence, time-correlated single-photon counting and femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion. Time-dependent density functional (TD-DFT) electronic-structure calculations on the properties of the excited states corresponding to local excitation of the BODIPY core and to charge transfer were conducted. Upon addition of trifluoroacetic acid in toluene and ethanol, the partial fluorescence intensity recovery was at least an order of magnitude more efficient with the newly synthesized sensors compared to the traditional reference sensors. The improved sensitivity of these novel BODIPY-based pH sensors was attributed to less efficient proton-coupled electron transfer of the protonated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chong
- Division of Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eduard Fron
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhen Liu
- Division of Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Boodts
- Division of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joice Thomas
- Division of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeremy N Harvey
- Division of Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Division of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Smet
- Division of Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Vlasselaer M, Dehaen W. Synthesis of Linearly Fused Benzodipyrrole Based Organic Materials. Molecules 2016; 21:E785. [PMID: 27322228 PMCID: PMC6273171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to give an overview of the synthetic methods to prepare different indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles and similar systems with a potential use in electro-optical devices such as OLEDs (organic light emitting diode), OPVs (organic photovoltaic) and OFETs (organic field effect transistor). Some further modifications to the core units and their implications for specific applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Vlasselaer
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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