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Aerts A, Vovchenko M, Elahi SA, Viñuelas RC, De Maeseneer T, Purino M, Hoogenboom R, Van Oosterwyck H, Jonkers I, Cardinaels R, Smet M. A Spontaneous In Situ Thiol-Ene Crosslinking Hydrogel with Thermo-Responsive Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1264. [PMID: 38732733 PMCID: PMC11085619 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The thermo-responsive behavior of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) makes it an ideal candidate to easily embed cells and allows the polymer mixture to be injected. However, P(NiPAAm) hydrogels possess minor mechanical properties. To increase the mechanical properties, a covalent bond is introduced into the P(NIPAAm) network through a biocompatible thiol-ene click-reaction by mixing two polymer solutions. Co-polymers with variable thiol or acrylate groups to thermo-responsive co-monomer ratios, ranging from 1% to 10%, were synthesized. Precise control of the crosslink density allowed customization of the hydrogel's mechanical properties to match different tissue stiffness levels. Increasing the temperature of the hydrogel above its transition temperature of 31 °C induced the formation of additional physical interactions. These additional interactions both further increased the stiffness of the material and impacted its relaxation behavior. The developed optimized hydrogels reach stiffnesses more than ten times higher compared to the state of the art using similar polymers. Furthermore, when adding cells to the precursor polymer solutions, homogeneous thermo-responsive hydrogels with good cell viability were created upon mixing. In future work, the influence of the mechanical micro-environment on the cell's behavior can be studied in vitro in a continuous manner by changing the incubation temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Aerts
- Laboratory of Organic Material Synthesis, Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f, P.O. Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Maxim Vovchenko
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C, P.O. Box 2419, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, P.O. Box 2416, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seyed Ali Elahi
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C, P.O. Box 2419, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven Tervuursevest 101, P.O. Box 1501, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rocío Castro Viñuelas
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven Tervuursevest 101, P.O. Box 1501, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tess De Maeseneer
- Rheology and Technology, Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, P.O. Box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Purino
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, UGent, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, UGent, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Oosterwyck
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C, P.O. Box 2419, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Jonkers
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven Tervuursevest 101, P.O. Box 1501, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Rheology and Technology, Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, P.O. Box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Smet
- Laboratory of Organic Material Synthesis, Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f, P.O. Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
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Marshall NW, Vandenbroucke D, Cockmartin L, Wanninger F, Smet M, Feng Y, Ni Y, Bosmans H. Seven general radiography x-ray detectors with pixel sizes ranging from 175 to 76 μm: technical evaluation with the focus on orthopaedic imaging. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:195007. [PMID: 37659394 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acf642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Aim. Flat panel detectors with small pixel sizes general can potentially improve imaging performance in radiography applications requiring fine detail resolution. This study evaluated the imaging performance of seven detectors, covering a wide range of pixel sizes, in the frame of orthopaedic applications.Material and methods. Pixel sizes ranged from 175 (detector A175) to 76μm (detector G76). Modulation transfer function (MTF) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) were measured using International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) RQA3 beam quality. Threshold contrast (CT) and a detectability index (d') were measured at three air kerma/image levels. Rabbit shoulder images acquired at 60 kV, over five air kerma levels, were evaluated in a visual grading study for anatomical sharpness, image noise and overall diagnostic image quality by four radiologists. The detectors were compared to detector E124.Results. The 10% point of the MTF ranged from 3.21 to 4.80 mm-1, in going from detector A175to detector G76. DQE(0.5 mm-1) measured at 2.38μGy/image was 0.50 ± 0.05 for six detectors, but was higher for F100at 0.62. High frequency DQE was superior for the smaller pixel detectors, howeverCTfor 0.25 mm discs correlated best with DQE(0.5 mm-1). Correlation betweenCTand the detectability model was good (R2= 0.964).CTfor 0.25 mm diameter discs was significantly higher for D150and F100compared to E124. The visual grading data revealed higher image quality ratings for detectors D125and F100compared to E124. An increase in air kerma was associated with improved perceived sharpness and overall quality score, independent of detector. Detectors B150, D125, F100and G76, performed well in specific tests, however only F100consistently outperformed the reference detector.Conclusion. Pixel size alone was not a reliable predictor of small detail detectability or even perceived sharpness in a visual grading analysis study.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Marshall
- UZ Gasthuisberg, Department of Radiology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Medical Physics and Quality Assessment, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Agfa N.V., Septestraat 27, B-2640 Mortsel, Belgium
| | | | - L Cockmartin
- UZ Gasthuisberg, Department of Radiology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Wanninger
- Agfa-Gevaert HealthCare GmbH, München, Germany
| | - M Smet
- UZ Gasthuisberg, Department of Radiology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Y Feng
- Theragnostic Laboratory, Biomedical Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Y Ni
- Theragnostic Laboratory, Biomedical Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Bosmans
- UZ Gasthuisberg, Department of Radiology, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Medical Physics and Quality Assessment, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Kabirian F, Baatsen P, Smet M, Shavandi A, Mela P, Heying R. Carbon nanotubes as a nitric oxide nano-reservoir improved the controlled release profile in 3D printed biodegradable vascular grafts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4662. [PMID: 36949216 PMCID: PMC10033655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Small diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) are associated with a high failure rate due to poor endothelialization. The incorporation of a nitric oxide (NO) releasing system improves biocompatibility by using the NO effect to promote endothelial cell (EC) migration and proliferation while preventing bacterial infection. To circumvent the instability of NO donors and to prolong NO releasing, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D-penicillamine (SNAP) as a NO donor was loaded in multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Successful loading was confirmed with a maximum SNAP amount of ~ 5% (w/w) by TEM, CHNS analysis and FTIR spectra. SDVGs were 3D printed from polycaprolactone (PCL) and coated with a 1:1 ratio of polyethylene glycol and PCL dopped with different concentrations of SNAP-loaded matrix and combinations of MWCNTs-OH. Coating with 10% (w/w) SNAP-matrix-10% (w/w) SNAP-MWCNT-OH showed a diminished burst release and 18 days of NO release in the range of 0.5-4 × 10-10 mol cm-2 min-1 similar to the NO release from healthy endothelium. NO-releasing SDVGs were cytocompatible, significantly enhanced EC proliferation and migration and diminished bacterial viability. The newly developed SNAP-loaded MWCNT-OH has a great potential to develop NO releasing biomaterials with a prolonged, controlled NO release promoting in-situ endothelialization and tissue integration in vivo, even as an approach towards personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kabirian
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Pieter Baatsen
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven and EM-Platform of VIB Bio Imaging Core at KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Smet
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry and Materials, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amin Shavandi
- École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, 3BIO-BioMatter, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Petra Mela
- Medical Materials and Implants, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Ruth Heying
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Scali T, Smet M. Couples d’âge mûr et sexualité : comprendre l’impact des dynamiques relationnelles. Sexologies 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sexol.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fus-Kujawa A, Teper P, Botor M, Klarzyńska K, Sieroń Ł, Verbelen B, Smet M, Sieroń AL, Mendrek B, Kowalczuk A. Functional star polymers as reagents for efficient nucleic acids delivery into HT-1080 cells. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1716227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Fus-Kujawa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paulina Teper
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Malwina Botor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Klarzyńska
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sieroń
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bram Verbelen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Smet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleksander L. Sieroń
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Mendrek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
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Smeets A, Koekoekx R, Ruelens W, Smet M, Clasen C, Van den Mooter G. Gastro-resistant encapsulation of amorphous solid dispersions containing darunavir by coaxial electrospraying. Int J Pharm 2020; 574:118885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Soultan AH, Lambrechts D, Verheyen T, Van Gorp H, Roeffaers MB, Smet M, De Borggraeve WM, Patterson J. Nanocarrier systems assembled from PEGylated hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole). Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mendrek B, Fus A, Klarzyńska K, Sieroń AL, Smet M, Kowalczuk A, Dworak A. Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxicity of Novel Thermoresponsive Star Copolymers of N, N'-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate and Hydroxyl-Bearing Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Methacrylate. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1255. [PMID: 30961179 PMCID: PMC6401879 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel, nontoxic star copolymers of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and hydroxyl-bearing oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA-OH) were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole) as the macroinitiator. Stars with molar masses from 100,000 g/mol to 257,000 g/mol and with various amounts of OEGMA-OH in the arms were prepared. As these polymers can find applications, e.g., as carriers of nucleic acids, drugs or antibacterial or antifouling agents, in this work, much attention has been devoted to exploring their solution behavior and their stimuli-responsive properties. The behavior of the stars was studied in aqueous solutions under various pH and temperature conditions, as well as in PBS buffer, in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and in organic solvents for comparison. The results indicated that increasing the content of hydrophilic OEGMA-OH units in the arms up to 10 mol% increased the cloud point temperature. For the stars with an OEGMA-OH content of 10 mol%, the thermo- and pH-responsivity was switched off. Since cytotoxicity experiments have shown that the obtained stars are less toxic than homopolymer DMAEMA stars, the presented studies confirmed that the prepared polymers are great candidates for the design of various nanosystems for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mendrek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Fus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Klarzyńska
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Aleksander L Sieroń
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Mario Smet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan, 200F, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium.
| | - Agnieszka Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Dworak
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
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De Leger W, Adriaensen K, Robeyns K, Van Meervelt L, Thomas J, Meijers B, Smet M, Dehaen W. Synthesis and post-functionalization of alternate-linked- meta-para-[2 n .1 n ]thiacyclophanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2190-2197. [PMID: 30202471 PMCID: PMC6122333 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, considerable research attention has been devoted to new synthetic procedures for thiacyclophanes. Thiacyclophanes are widely used as host molecules for the molecular recognition of organic compounds as well as metals. Herein, we report the selective and high-yielding synthesis of novel alternate-linked-meta-para-thiacyclophanes. These novel thiacyclophanes are selectively synthesized in high-yielding procedures. Furthermore, post-functionalization of the phenolic moieties was successfully performed. The 3D structure of the alternate-linked-meta-para-[22.12]thiacyclophane was further elucidated via X-ray crystallographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout De Leger
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Adriaensen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Robeyns
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biomolecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joice Thomas
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Björn Meijers
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Smet
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Putzeys E, Cokic SM, Chong H, Smet M, Vanoirbeek J, Godderis L, Van Meerbeek B, Van Landuyt KL, Duca RC. Simultaneous analysis of bisphenol A based compounds and other monomers leaching from resin-based dental materials by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2018; 40:1063-1075. [PMID: 28054450 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Resin-based dental materials have raised debates concerning their safety and biocompatibility, resulting in a growing necessity of profound knowledge on the quantity of released compounds into the oral cavity. In this context, the aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive and reliable procedure based on liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for the simultaneous analysis of various leached compounds (including bisphenol A based compounds) in samples from in vitro experiments. Different experiments were performed to determine the optimal analytical parameters, comprising mass spectrometry parameters, chromatographic separation conditions, and sample preparation. Four internal standards were used as follows: deuterated diethyl phthalate and bisphenol A (commercially available), and deuterated analogues of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and urethane dimethacrylate (custom-made). The optimized method was validated for linearity of the calibration curves and the associated correlation coefficient, lower limit of quantification, higher limit of quantification, and intra- and interassay accuracy and precision. Additionally, the developed liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was applied to the analysis of leaching compounds from four resin-based dental materials. The results indicated that this method is suitable for the analysis of different target compounds leaching from dental materials. This method might serve as a valuable basis for quick and accurate quantification of leached compounds from resin-based dental materials in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Putzeys
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stevan M Cokic
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hui Chong
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Smet
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Meerbeek
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Van Landuyt
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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Cokic SM, Duca RC, De Munck J, Hoet P, Van Meerbeek B, Smet M, Godderis L, Van Landuyt KL. Saturation reduces in-vitro leakage of monomers from composites. Dent Mater 2018; 34:579-586. [PMID: 29429603 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate knowledge of the quantity of released monomers from composites is important. To evaluate the elution of monomers, polymerized composites are typically immersed in an extraction solvent. The objective was to determine whether the volume of extraction solvent and the immersion time influences monomer leachability from dental composite materials. METHODS Composite disks of two commercial composites, (Filtek Supreme XTE, 3M ESPE and G-aenial Universal Flo, GC) were prepared. The disks (n=10) were placed in a glass vial with 1ml, 2ml or 3ml of extraction solvent (100% ethanol with deuterated diethylphalate as internal standard). After either 7 or 30 days at 37°C, the supernatant was collected and the amount of released monomers (BisEMA, BisGMA, UDMA, TEGDMA) and bisphenol A was measured with liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy. RESULTS For both tested composites, the highest amount of released monomers was measured after sample incubation in 3ml, while the lowest amount was measured in 1ml of extraction solvent. Furthermore, 30 days did not result in much more monomer release compared to 7 days, and for most monomers, there was no statistically significant difference in release between 7 and 30 days. SIGNIFICANCE Release kinetics in in-vitro experiments are also influenced by saturation of the extraction solvent with the leached monomers. This is important as it is unlikely that saturation can be reached in an in-vivo situation, where saliva (or pulpal fluid) is continuously refreshed. Saturation of the extraction solvent can be avoided in-vitro by refreshing the extraction medium after equal time intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan M Cokic
- KU Leuven BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven & Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radu C Duca
- Centre for Environmental and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan De Munck
- KU Leuven BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven & Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hoet
- Centre for Environmental and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Meerbeek
- KU Leuven BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven & Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Smet
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200f - Box 2404, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Centre for Environmental and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Idewe, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Van Landuyt
- KU Leuven BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven & Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Soultan AH, Verheyen T, Smet M, De Borggraeve WM, Patterson J. Synthesis and peptide functionalization of hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole) towards versatile biomaterials. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
An azide derivative of hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole) is synthesized for postgrafting by CuAAC. RGDS functionalization promotes cell attachment and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Halifa Soultan
- KU Leuven
- Department of Materials Engineering
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
- KU Leuven
| | | | - Mario Smet
- KU Leuven
- Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
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13
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Mendrek B, Żymełka-Miara I, Sieroń Ł, Fus A, Balin K, Kubacki J, Smet M, Trzebicka B, Sieroń AL, Kowalczuk A. Stable star polymer nanolayers and their thermoresponsiveness as a tool for controlled culture and detachment of fibroblast sheets. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:641-655. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02748f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Star polymer nanolayers were successfully used as surfaces for fibroblast adhesion and proliferation, followed by their detachment in the form of a cell sheet, controlled by a temperature decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mendrek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 41-819 Zabrze
- Poland
| | - Iwona Żymełka-Miara
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 41-819 Zabrze
- Poland
| | - Łukasz Sieroń
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics
- School of Medicine in Katowice
- Medical University of Silesia
- 40-752 Katowice
- Poland
| | - Agnieszka Fus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics
- School of Medicine in Katowice
- Medical University of Silesia
- 40-752 Katowice
- Poland
| | - Katarzyna Balin
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics
- University of Silesia
- 40-007 Katowice
- Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research
| | - Jerzy Kubacki
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics
- University of Silesia
- 40-007 Katowice
- Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research
| | - Mario Smet
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee)
- Belgium
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 41-819 Zabrze
- Poland
| | - Aleksander L. Sieroń
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics
- School of Medicine in Katowice
- Medical University of Silesia
- 40-752 Katowice
- Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 41-819 Zabrze
- Poland
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14
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Marshall NW, Smet M, Hofmans M, Pauwels H, De Clercq T, Bosmans H. Technical characterization of five x-ray detectors for paediatric radiography applications. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:N573-N586. [PMID: 29064378 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa9599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Physical image quality of five x-ray detectors used in the paediatric imaging department is characterized with the aim of establishing the range/scope of imaging performance provided by these detectors for neonatal imaging. Two computed radiography (CR) detectors (MD4.0 powder imaging plate (PIP) and HD5.0 needle imaging plate (NIP), Agfa HealthCare NV, B-2640 Mortsel, Belgium) and three flat panel detectors (FPD) (the Agfa DX-D35C and DX-D45C and the DRX-2530C (Carestream Health Inc., Rochester, NY 14608, USA)) were assessed. Physical image quality was characterized using the detector metrics given by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC 62220-1) to measure modulation transfer function (MTF), the noise power spectrum (NPS) and the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) using the IEC-specified beam qualities of RQA3 and RQA5. The DQE was evaluated at the normal operating detector air kerma (DAK) level, defined at 2.5 µGy for all detectors, and at factors of 1/3.2 and 3.2 times the normal level. MTF curves for the different detectors were similar at both RQA3 and RQA5 energies; the average spatial frequency for the 50% point (MTF0.5) at RQA3 was 1.26 mm-1, with a range from 1.20 mm-1 to 1.37 mm-1. The DQE of the NIP CR compared to the PIP CR was notably greater and similar to that for the FPD devices. At RQA3, average DQE for the FPD and NIP (at 0.5 mm-1; 2.5 µGy) was 0.57 compared to 0.26 for the PIP CR. At the RQA5 energy, the DRX-2530C and the DX-D45C had the highest DQE (~0.6 at 0.5 mm-1; 2.5 µGy). Noise separation analysis using the polynomial model showed higher electronic noise for the DX-D35C and DRX-2530C detectors; this explains the reduced DQE seen at 0.7 µGy/image. The NIP CR detector offers notably improved DQE performance compared to the PIP CR system and a value similar to the DQE for FPD devices at the RQA3 energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Marshall
- Department of Radiology, UZ Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Medical Imaging Research Center, Medical Physics and Quality Assessment, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Chong H, Fron E, Liu Z, Boodts S, Thomas J, Harvey JN, Hofkens J, Dehaen W, Van der Auweraer M, Smet M. Acid-Sensitive BODIPY Dyes: Synthesis through Pd-Catalyzed Direct C(sp 3 )-H Arylation and Photophysics. Chemistry 2017; 23:4687-4699. [PMID: 28134471 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel palladium-catalyzed direct C(sp3 )-H arylation of the methyl group at the 8-position of BODIPY by bromoarenes was established. A deprotonative cross-coupling process was supposed to be involved in the reaction. This approach allowed us to attach electron-donating/withdrawing, halogen substituted aryls and a heteroaryl with a yield running from 55 to 99 %. Novel pH sensors, which in the absence of acid showed the occurrence of photoinduced electron transfer, were synthesized by attaching dimethylaniline to the methyl at the C8-position of BODIPY. The reference compounds with dimethylaniline directly attached to the C8-position were also synthesized and besides photoinduced electron transfer also showed a charge-transfer emission. Their photophysical properties were investigated by steady-state fluorescence, time-correlated single-photon counting and femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion. Time-dependent density functional (TD-DFT) electronic-structure calculations on the properties of the excited states corresponding to local excitation of the BODIPY core and to charge transfer were conducted. Upon addition of trifluoroacetic acid in toluene and ethanol, the partial fluorescence intensity recovery was at least an order of magnitude more efficient with the newly synthesized sensors compared to the traditional reference sensors. The improved sensitivity of these novel BODIPY-based pH sensors was attributed to less efficient proton-coupled electron transfer of the protonated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chong
- Division of Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eduard Fron
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhen Liu
- Division of Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Boodts
- Division of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joice Thomas
- Division of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeremy N Harvey
- Division of Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Division of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Smet
- Division of Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Jansens KJ, Telen L, Bruyninckx K, Vo Hong N, Gebremeskel AF, Brijs K, Verpoest I, Smet M, Delcour JA, Goderis B. Concepts and experimental protocols towards a molecular level understanding of the mechanical properties of glassy, cross-linked proteins: Application to wheat gluten bioplastics. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Dendrimers are considered as good vectors for drug delivery in cancer treatment. However, most anticancer drugs are conjugated to the peripheral surface of dendrimers, sacrificing the advantages of monodispersity and stability belonging to dendrimers. Furthermore, dendrimers in current studies of cancer treatment are mostly used as vectors for drugs, whereas the anticancer activity of dendrimers on their own is less studied. Here we have prepared monodisperse selenium-platinum coordination dendrimers with a selenium-platinum core buried inside. Structures of the dendrimers were determined by various characterizations. The coordination dendrimers showed controlled anticancer activity by themselves, without loading additional drugs. The in vivo study further demonstrated their anticancer activity and low toxicity to normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Mario Smet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium
| | - Huaping Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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18
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Yu F, Smet M, Dehaen W, Sels BF. Water-soluble sulfonated hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole) catalysts as functional biomimics of cellulases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2756-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08742b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new polymer acid catalyst, sulfonated hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole), 5-OH–SHPAO, was prepared for selective cellulose hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
| | - Mario Smet
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Bert F. Sels
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Vanhalle
- Polymer
Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Stijn Corneillie
- Polymer
Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Mario Smet
- Polymer
Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Peter Van Puyvelde
- Soft
Matter, Applied Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Bart Goderis
- Polymer
Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
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20
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Thomas J, Dobrzańska L, Van Meervelt L, Quevedo MA, Woźniak K, Stachowicz M, Smet M, Maes W, Dehaen W. Homodiselenacalix[4]arenes: Molecules with Unique Channelled Crystal Structures. Chemistry 2015; 22:979-87. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joice Thomas
- Molecular Design and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Liliana Dobrzańska
- Molecular Design and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biomolecular Architecture; Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Mario Alfredo Quevedo
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica; CONICET. Departamento de Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Department of Chemistry; Warsaw University; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marcin Stachowicz
- Department of Chemistry; Warsaw University; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Mario Smet
- Molecular Design and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Wouter Maes
- Molecular Design and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Heverlee Belgium
- Design and Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS); Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC); Hasselt University; Agoralaan 1-Building D 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Heverlee Belgium
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21
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Mendrek B, Sieroń Ł, Żymełka-Miara I, Binkiewicz P, Libera M, Smet M, Trzebicka B, Sieroń AL, Kowalczuk A, Dworak A. Nonviral Plasmid DNA Carriers Based on N,N'-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate and Di(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate Star Copolymers. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3275-85. [PMID: 26375579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Star polymers with random and block copolymer arms made of cationic N,N'-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and nonionic di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMA) were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and used for the delivery of plasmid DNA in gene therapy. All stars were able to form polyplexes with plasmid DNA. The structure and size of the polyplexes were precisely determined using light scattering and cryo-TEM microscopy. The hydrodynamic radius of a complex of DNA with star was dependent on the architecture of the star arms, the DEGMA content and the number of amino groups in the star compared to the number of phosphate groups of the nucleic acid (N/P ratio). The smallest polyplexes (Rh90°∼50 nm) with positive zeta potentials (∼15 mV) were formed of stars with N/P=6. The introduction of DEGMA into the star structure caused a decrease of polyplex cytotoxicity in comparison to DMAEMA homopolymer stars. The overall transfection efficiency using HT-1080 cells showed that the studied systems are prospective gene delivery agents. The most promising results were obtained for stars with random copolymer arms of high DEGMA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mendrek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sieroń
- Department of General, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Silesia , Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Żymełka-Miara
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Paulina Binkiewicz
- University of Occupational Safety Management in Katowice , ul. Bankowa 8, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Libera
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mario Smet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan, 200F, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aleksander L Sieroń
- Department of General, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Silesia , Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Dworak
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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22
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Bruyninckx K, Jansens KJ, Goderis B, Delcour JA, Smet M. Removal of disulfide cross-links from wheat gluten and the effect thereof on the mechanical properties of rigid gluten bioplastic. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Abstract
Biobased and biodegradable polymers have become more and more interesting in view of waste management and crude oil depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Corneillie
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Mario Smet
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- Belgium
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24
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Smet M. Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers. Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials 2015:2446-2459. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-29648-2_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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25
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Bertels E, Bruyninckx K, Kurttepeli M, Smet M, Bals S, Goderis B. Highly efficient hyperbranched CNT surfactants: influence of molar mass and functionalization. Langmuir 2014; 30:12200-12209. [PMID: 25245778 DOI: 10.1021/la503032g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
End-group-functionalized hyperbranched polymers were synthesized to act as a carbon nanotube (CNT) surfactant in aqueous solutions. Variation of the percentage of triphenylmethyl (trityl) functionalization and of the molar mass of the hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG) core resulted in the highest measured surfactant efficiency for a 5000 g/mol PG with 5.6% of the available hydroxyl end-groups replaced by trityl functions, as shown by UV-vis measurements. Semiempirical model calculations suggest an even higher efficiency for PG5000 with 2.5% functionalization and maximal molecule specific efficiency in general at low degrees of functionalization. Addition of trityl groups increases the surfactant-nanotube interactions in comparison to unfunctionalized PG because of π-π stacking interactions. However, at higher functionalization degrees mutual interactions between trityl groups come into play, decreasing the surfactant efficiency, while lack of water solubility becomes an issue at very high functionalization degrees. Low molar mass surfactants are less efficient compared to higher molar mass species most likely because the higher bulkiness of the latter allows for a better CNT separation and stabilization. The most efficient surfactant studied allowed dispersing 2.85 mg of CNT in 20 mL with as little as 1 mg of surfactant. These dispersions, remaining stable for at least 2 months, were mainly composed of individual CNTs as revealed by electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Bertels
- Polymer Chemistry & Materials, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, b2404 Heverlee, Belgium
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26
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Jansens KJA, Bruyninckx K, Redant L, Lagrain B, Brijs K, Goderis B, Smet M, Delcour JA. Importance of crosslinking and disulfide bridge reduction for the mechanical properties of rigid wheat gluten bioplastics compression molded with thiol and/or disulfide functionalized additives. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koen J. A. Jansens
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry; KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven Belgium
| | - Kevin Bruyninckx
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials Division; Chemistry Department, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200FB-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Lore Redant
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry; KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven Belgium
| | - Bert Lagrain
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry; KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven Belgium
| | - Kristof Brijs
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry; KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven Belgium
| | - Bart Goderis
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven Belgium
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials Division; Chemistry Department, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200FB-3001 Leuven Belgium
- Leuven Material Research Centre (Leuven-MRC); KU Leuven
| | - Mario Smet
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials Division; Chemistry Department, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200FB-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Jan A. Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry; KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); KU Leuven Belgium
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27
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Chen JY, Xiang ZL, Yu F, Sels BF, Fu Y, Sun T, Smet M, Dehaen W. A versatile A2+ B3approach to hyperbranched polyacenaphthenequinones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Chen
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University; Shenyang 110819 People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Long Xiang
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University; Shenyang 110819 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2404 B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee) Belgium
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis; University of Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 23 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Bert F. Sels
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis; University of Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 23 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University; Shenyang 110819 People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Sun
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University; Shenyang 110819 People's Republic of China
| | - Mario Smet
- Department of Chemistry; University of Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2404 B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee) Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2404 B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee) Belgium
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice Thomas
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liliana Dobrzańska
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mahendra Punjaji Sonawane
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Smet
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Maes
- Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Universitaire Campus, Agoralaan 1 – Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Chen JY, Smet M, Zhang JC, Shao WK, Li X, Zhang K, Fu Y, Jiao YH, Sun T, Dehaen W, Liu FC, Han EH. Fully branched hyperbranched polymers with a focal point: analogous to dendrimers. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01401k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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30
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Bao Y, Wang T, Li Q, Du F, Bai R, Smet M, Dehaen W. An amphiphilic conjugated polymer as an aggregation-based multifunctional sensing platform with multicolor fluorescence response. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01014g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Wu G, Thomas J, Smet M, Wang Z, Zhang X. Controlling the self-assembly of cationic bolaamphiphiles: hydrotropic counteranions determine aggregated structures. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00860j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The size and substitution pattern of hydrotropic counteranions determine the aggregated structures of cationic bolaamphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglu Wu
- MOE Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, China
| | | | | | - Zhiqiang Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, China
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32
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Jansens KJA, Lagrain B, Brijs K, Goderis B, Smet M, Delcour JA. Importance of thiol-functionalized molecules for the structure and properties of compression-molded glassy wheat gluten bioplastics. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:10516-10524. [PMID: 24131364 DOI: 10.1021/jf403543y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature compression molding of wheat gluten at low water levels yields a rigid plastic-like material. We performed a systematic study to determine the effect of additives with multiple thiol (SH) groups on gluten network formation during processing and investigate the impact of the resulting gluten network on the mechanical properties of the glassy end product. To this end, a fraction of the hydroxyl groups of different polyols was converted into SH functionalities by esterifying with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). The monofunctional additive MPA was evaluated as well. During low-temperature mixing SH-containing additives decreased the gluten molecular weight, whereas protein cross-linking occurred during high-temperature compression molding. The extent of both processes depended on the molecular architecture of the additives and their concentration. After molding, the material strength and failure strain increased without affecting the modulus, provided the additive concentration was low. The strength decreased again at too high concentrations for polyols with low SH functionalization. Attributing these effects solely to the interplay of plasticization and the SH-facilitated introduction of cross-links is inadequate, since an improvement in both strength and failure strain was also observed in the presence of high levels of MPA. It is hypothesized that, regardless of the molecular structure of the additive, the presence of SH-containing groups induces conformational changes which contribute to the mechanical properties of glassy gluten materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen J A Jansens
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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33
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Jansens KJA, Lagrain B, Brijs K, Goderis B, Smet M, Delcour JA. Impact of acid and alkaline pretreatments on the molecular network of wheat gluten and on the mechanical properties of compression-molded glassy wheat gluten bioplastics. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:9393-9400. [PMID: 24016229 DOI: 10.1021/jf403156c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Wheat gluten can be converted into rigid biobased materials by high-temperature compression molding at low moisture contents. During molding, a cross-linked protein network is formed. This study investigated the effect of mixing gluten with acid/alkali in 70% ethanol at ambient temperature for 16 h followed by ethanol removal, freeze-drying, and compression molding at 130 and 150 °C on network formation and on types of cross-links formed. Alkaline pretreatment (0-100 mmol/L sodium hydroxide or 25 mmol/L potassium hydroxide) strongly affected gluten cross-linking, whereas acid pretreatment (0-25 mmol/L sulfuric acid or 25 mmol/L hydrochloric acid) had limited effect on the gluten network. Molded alkaline-treated gluten showed enhanced cross-linking but also degradation when treated with high alkali concentrations, whereas acid treatment reduced gluten cross-linking. β-Elimination of cystine and lanthionine formation occurred more pronouncedly at higher alkali concentrations. In contrast, formation of disulfide and nondisulfide cross-links during molding was hindered in acid-pretreated gluten. Bioplastic strength was higher for alkali than for acid-pretreated samples, whereas the flexural modulus was only slightly affected by either alkaline or acid pretreatment. Apparently, the ratio of disulfide to nondisulfide cross-links did not affect the mechanical properties of rigid gluten materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen J A Jansens
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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34
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Thomas J, Reekmans G, Adriaensens P, Van Meervelt L, Smet M, Maes W, Dehaen W, Dobrzańska L. Actuated Conformational Switching in a Single Crystal of a Homodithiacalix[4]arene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10237-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Thomas J, Reekmans G, Adriaensens P, Van Meervelt L, Smet M, Maes W, Dehaen W, Dobrzańska L. Actuated Conformational Switching in a Single Crystal of a Homodithiacalix[4]arene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven
| | - Joice Thomas
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven
| | - Wim Van Rossom
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven
| | | | | | - Mario Smet
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven
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37
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Wu G, Verwilst P, Liu K, Smet M, Faul CFJ, Zhang X. Controlling the self-assembly of cationic bolaamphiphiles: counterion-directed transitions from 0D/1D to exclusively 2D planar structures. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52342j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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38
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Smet M. Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers. Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials 2013:1-14. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36199-9_35-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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39
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Van de Vyver S, Helsen S, Geboers J, Yu F, Thomas J, Smet M, Dehaen W, Román-Leshkov Y, Hermans I, Sels BF. Mechanistic Insights into the Kinetic and Regiochemical Control of the Thiol-Promoted Catalytic Synthesis of Diphenolic Acid. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300635r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Van de Vyver
- Centre for
Surface Chemistry
and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg
23, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139, United States
| | - Sasja Helsen
- Centre for
Surface Chemistry
and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg
23, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Geboers
- Centre for
Surface Chemistry
and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg
23, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1,
Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joice Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Smet
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139, United States
| | - Ive Hermans
- Department of Chemistry and
Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse
10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bert F. Sels
- Centre for
Surface Chemistry
and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg
23, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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40
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Kowalczuk A, Mendrek B, Żymełka-Miara I, Libera M, Marcinkowski A, Trzebicka B, Smet M, Dworak A. Solution behavior of star polymers with oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate arms. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Thomas J, Dong Z, Dehaen W, Smet M. Selenium/Tellurium-Containing Hyperbranched Polymers: Effect of Molecular Weight and Degree of Branching on Glutathione Peroxidase-Like Activity. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:2127-32. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Zeevaert R, de Zegher F, Sturiale L, Garozzo D, Smet M, Moens M, Matthijs G, Jaeken J. Bone Dysplasia as a Key Feature in Three Patients with a Novel Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (CDG) Type II Due to a Deep Intronic Splice Mutation in TMEM165. JIMD Rep 2012; 8:145-52. [PMID: 23430531 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2012_172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three patients belonging to two families presented with a psychomotor-dysmorphism syndrome including postnatal growth deficiency and major spondylo-, epi-, and metaphyseal skeletal involvement. Other features were muscular hypotrophy, fat excess, partial growth hormone deficiency, and, in two of the three patients, episodes of unexplained fever. Additional investigations showed mild to moderate increases of serum transaminases (particularly of aspartate transaminase (AST)), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as decreased coagulation factors VIII, IX, XI, and protein C. Diagnostic work-up revealed a type 2 serum transferrin isoelectrofocusing (IEF) pattern and a cathodal shift on apolipoprotein C-III IEF pointing to a combined N- and O-glycosylation defect. Known glycosylation disorders with similar N-glycan structures lacking galactose and sialic acid were excluded. Through a combination of homozygosity mapping and expression profiling, a deep intronic homozygous mutation (c.792 + 182G>A) was found in TMEM165 (TPARL) in the three patients. TMEM165 is a gene of unknown function, possibly involved in Golgi proton/calcium transport. Here we present a detailed clinical description of the three patients with this mutation. The TMEM165 deficiency represents a novel type of CDG (TMEM165-CDG). This disorder enlarges the group of CDG caused by deficiencies in proteins that are not specifically involved in glycosylation but that have functions in the organization and homeostasis of the intracellular compartments and the secretory pathway, like COG-CDG and ATP6V0A2-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zeevaert
- Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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43
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Fu Y, Chen J, Xu H, Van Oosterwijck C, Zhang X, Dehaen W, Smet M. Fully-branched hyperbranched polymers with a diselenide core as glutathione peroxidase mimics. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:798-804. [PMID: 22434542 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mimic has been prepared by incorporation of a selenium-based catalytic unit into the focal point of a fully-branched hyperbranched polymer. First, an AB(2) monomer consisting of isatin and an electron rich aromatic moiety was polycondensed in the presence of 5-nitroisatin as a core reagent, resulting in a polymer with 100% degree of branching. The latter was coupled to the catalytically active moiety, Br(CH(2))(5) SeSe(CH(2))(5) Br, by nucleophilic substitution of the bromides by the residual amide groups of the incorporated nitroisatin core. The obtained polymer has demonstrated prominent GPx activity as desired, which could be attributed to the hydrophobic, densely branched and core-shell structure of the polymer surrounding the catalytic center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- The Research Centre for Molecular Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, P R China
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44
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Wu G, Verwilst P, Xu J, Xu H, Wang R, Smet M, Dehaen W, Faul CFJ, Wang Z, Zhang X. Bolaamphiphiles bearing bipyridine as mesogenic core: rational exploitation of molecular architectures for controlled self-assembly. Langmuir 2012; 28:5023-5030. [PMID: 22429120 DOI: 10.1021/la300369w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A bolaamphiphile (5,5-B2NBr8) bearing a functional bipyridine moiety as the mesogenic core is reported for the first time. 5,5-B2NBr8 was found to self-assemble into uniform fibrous structure in aqueous solution, when the concentration was higher than cmc. Analogues of 5,5-B2NBr8 with structural differences in chain length, headgroup, mesogenic core, and substituted position were synthesized, elucidating that small variances of the molecular structure could lead to dramatic changes of the resulting assemblies. For example, compound 4,4-B2NBr8 showed only spherical colloidal aggregates rather than fibers as 5,5-B2NBr8 did, while the only difference between them was the position at which the alkyl chains were attached onto bipyridine. A probable model for the fibrous structure of 5,5-B2NBr8 was proposed. Moreover, exploiting the coordination capacity of bipyridine, assembly and disassembly of 5,5-B2NBr8 could be reversibly controlled through the addition of EDTA and Cu(II), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P R China
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45
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Van de Vyver S, Geboers J, Helsen S, Yu F, Thomas J, Smet M, Dehaen W, Sels BF. Thiol-promoted catalytic synthesis of diphenolic acid with sulfonated hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole)s. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:3497-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30239j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Thomas J, Rossom WV, Hecke KV, Meervelt LV, Smet M, Maes W, Dehaen W. Selenacalix[3]triazines: synthesis and host–guest chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:43-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15473g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Thomas J, Dobrzańska L, Van Hecke K, Sonawane MP, Robeyns K, Van Meervelt L, Woźniak K, Smet M, Maes W, Dehaen W. Homoselenacalix[4]arenes: synthetic exploration and metallosupramolecular chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6526-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25760b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Han P, Li S, Wang C, Xu H, Wang Z, Zhang X, Thomas J, Smet M. UV-responsive polymeric superamphiphile based on a complex of malachite green derivative and a double hydrophilic block copolymer. Langmuir 2011; 27:14108-14111. [PMID: 22066690 DOI: 10.1021/la203486q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have prepared a UV-responsive polymeric superamphiphile, formed by a malachite green derivative and the double hydrophilic block copolymer methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)(114)-block-poly(l-lysine hydrochloride)(200) (PEG-b-PLKC) on the basis of electrostatic interactions. The malachite green derivative undergoes photo-ionization upon UV irradiation, which makes it more hydrophilic, resulting in changes in the self-assembly behavior of the polymeric superamphiphile. For this reason, the polymeric superamphiphile originally self-assembles to form sheetlike aggregates, which disassemble after UV irradiation because of the increased solubility of the malachite green derivative. By use of Nile red as a probe, the polarity of the polymeric superamphiphile solution is confirmed to be increased after UV irradiation by fluorescence spectra, which also explains the disassembly of the polymeric superamphiphile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Han
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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49
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Jansens KJ, Lagrain B, Rombouts I, Brijs K, Smet M, Delcour JA. Effect of temperature, time and wheat gluten moisture content on wheat gluten network formation during thermomolding. J Cereal Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Kowalczuk A, Trzebicka B, Rangelov S, Smet M, Dworak A. Star macromolecules with hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole) cores and polyacid arms: Synthesis and solution behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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