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Hu Y, Liu P. Diselenide-Bridged Doxorubicin Dimeric Prodrug: Synthesis and Redox-Triggered Drug Release. Molecules 2024; 29:1709. [PMID: 38675530 PMCID: PMC11052396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The diselenide bond has attracted intense interest in redox-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) in tumor chemotherapy, due to its higher sensitivity than the most investigated bond, namely the disulfide bond. Here, a diselenide-bridged doxorubicin dimeric prodrug (D-DOXSeSe) was designed by coupling two doxorubicin molecules with a diselenodiacetic acid (DSeDAA) molecule via α-amidation, as a redox-triggered drug self-delivery system (DSDS) for tumor-specific chemotherapy. The drug release profiles indicated that the D-DOXSeSe could be cleaved to release the derivatives selenol (DOX-SeH) and seleninic acid (DOX-SeOOH) with the triggering of high GSH and H2O2, respectively, indicating the double-edged sword effect of the lower electronegativity of the selenide atom. The resultant solubility-controlled slow drug release performance makes it a promising candidate as a long-acting DSDS in future tumor chemotherapy. Moreover, the interaction between the conjugations in the design of self-immolation traceless linkers was also proposed for the first time as another key factor for a desired precise tumor-specific chemotherapy, besides the conjugations themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
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2
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Krakowiak A, Czernek L, Pichlak M, Kaczmarek R. Intracellular HINT1-Assisted Hydrolysis of Nucleoside 5'- O-Selenophosphate Leads to the Release of Hydrogen Selenide That Exhibits Toxic Effects in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020607. [PMID: 35054788 PMCID: PMC8775712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present a new selenium derivative, 2′-deoxyguanosine-5′-O-selenophosphate (dGMPSe), synthesized by the oxathiaphospholane method and adapted here for the synthesis of nucleoside selenophosphates. Using biochemical assays (HPLC- and fluorescence-based), we investigated the enzymatic activity of HINT1 towards dGMPSe in comparison with the corresponding thiophosphate nucleoside, i.e., dGMPS. Both substrates showed similar kcat and a small difference in Km, and during the reactions the release of reducing agents such as H2Se and H2S were expected and detected. MTT viability assay and microscopic analysis showed that dGMPSe was toxic to HeLa cancer cells, and this cytotoxicity was due to the release of H2Se. The release of H2Se or H2S in the living cells after administration of dGMPSe and/or dGMPS, both without carrier and by electroporation, was observed using a fluorescence assay, as previously for NMPS. In conclusion, our comparative experiments with dGMPSe and dGMPS indicate that the HINT1 enzyme is capable of converting (d)NMPSe to (d)NMP and H2Se, both in vitro and intracellularly. Since the anticancer activity of various selenium compounds depends on the formation of hydrogen selenide, the actual inducer of cell death, we propose that selenium-containing nucleotides represent another option as novel compounds with anticancer therapeutic potential.
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3
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Jastrzebska I, Grzes PA, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Car H. Selenosteroids - promising hybrid compounds with pleiotropic biological activity: synthesis and biological aspects. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 213:105975. [PMID: 34418527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is established that steroid based agents are an example of compounds obtained from natural patterns and are of great importance due to their application in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Selenosteroids are hybrids formed by attaching Se-moiety to a steroid molecule. In these types of hybrids, selenium can be present as selenide or as a part of selenosemicarbazones, isoselenocyanates, selenourea, etc. Attaching a Se-moiety to a biologically active steroid might enhance the biological properties of both fragments. Available literature indicates that these kinds of hybrids demonstrate significant anticancer activity, which renders them interesting in terms of medical use. In this review, we present various methods of synthesis and demonstrate that seleno-steroid compounds are promising molecules for further pharmaceutical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Jastrzebska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Pawel A Grzes
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Szpitalna 37, 15-295, Białystok, Poland
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4
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Ibrahim SA, Chan Y. Fluorescent Semiconductor Nanorods for the Solid-Phase Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based, Multiplexed Gene Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:35294-35305. [PMID: 34313114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The spread of infectious diseases with significantly high mortality rates can wreak devastating damage on global health systems and economies, underscoring the need for better disease diagnostic platforms. Solid-phase polymerase chain reaction (SP-PCR) potentially combines the advantages of conventional PCR-based diagnostics with the capability of multiplexed detection, given that the spatial separation between primers circumvents unwanted primer-primer interactions. However, the generally low efficiency of solid-phase amplification results in poor sensitivity and limits its use in detection schemes. We present an SP-PCR-based, multiplexed pulldown fluorescence assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), utilizing highly fluorescent oligonucleotide-functionalized CdSe/CdS and CdSe1-xSx/CdS nanorods (NRs) as multicolor hybridization probes. The large surface area of the NRs allows for their easy capture and pulldown, but without contributing significantly to the interparticle photon reabsorption when clustered at the pulldown sites. The NR nanoprobes were specifically designed to target the hotspot regions of the rpoB gene of MTB, which have been implicated in resistance to standard rifampicin treatment. The implementation of the semiconductor NRs as photostable multicolor fluorophores in a multiplexed SP-PCR-based detection scheme allowed for the identification of multiple hotspot regions with sub-picomolar levels of sensitivity and high specificity in artificial sputum. While this work demonstrates the utility of semiconductor NRs as highly fluorescent chromophores that can enable SP-PCR as a sensitive and accurate technique for multipathogen diagnostics, the flexible surface chemistry of the NRs should allow them to be applicable to a wide variety of detection motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Ali Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Yinthai Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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5
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Fiorito S, Epifano F, Marchetti L, Genovese S. Semisynthesis of Selenoauraptene. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092798. [PMID: 34068532 PMCID: PMC8126015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium-containing compounds are gaining more and more interest due to their valuable and promising pharmacological properties, mainly as anticancer and antioxidant agents. Ebselen, the up to now only approved drugs, is well known to possess very good glutathione peroxidase mimicking effects. To date, the most of efforts have been directed to build pure synthetic Se containing molecules, while less attention have been devoted to Se-based semisynthetic products resembling natural compounds like terpenes, polyphenols, and alkaloids. The aim of this short communication is to report the synthesis of the first example of a Se-phenylpropanoids, namely selenoauraptene, containing a selenogeranyl side chain in position 7 of the umbelliferone core. The key step was the Newman-Kwart rearrangement to obtain a selenocarbamate in which the Se atom was directly attached to umbelliferone (replacing its 7-OH function) followed by hydrolysis to get diumbelliferyl diselenide, which was finally easily converted to the desired Se-geranyl derivative in quite a good overall yield (28.5%). The synthesized adduct displayed a greater antioxidant and a radical scavenger in vitro activity than parent auraptene. The procedure we describe herein, to the best of our knowledge for the first time in the literature, represents an easy-to-handle method for the synthesis of a wide array of seleno analogues of naturally occurring biologically active oxyprenylated secondary metabolites.
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Samra K, Kuganesan M, Smith W, Kleyman A, Tidswell R, Arulkumaran N, Singer M, Dyson A. The Pharmacology and Therapeutic Utility of Sodium Hydroselenide. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3258. [PMID: 33806825 PMCID: PMC8005069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolically active gasotransmitters (nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide) are important signalling molecules that show therapeutic utility in oxidative pathologies. The reduced form of selenium, hydrogen selenide (HSe-/H2Se), shares some characteristics with these molecules. The simple selenide salt, sodium hydroselenide (NaHSe) showed significant metabolic activity, dose-dependently decreasing ex vivo O2 consumption (rat soleus muscle, liver) and transiently inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase (liver, heart). Pharmacological manipulation of selenoprotein expression in HepG2 human hepatocytes revealed that the oxidation status of selenium impacts on protein expression; reduced selenide (NaHSe) increased, whereas (oxidized) sodium selenite decreased the abundance of two ubiquitous selenoproteins. An inhibitor of endogenous sulfide production (DL-propargylglycine; PAG) also reduced selenoprotein expression; this was reversed by exogenous NaHSe, but not sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). NaHSe also conferred cytoprotection against an oxidative challenge (H2O2), and this was associated with an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential. Anesthetized Wistar rats receiving intravenous NaHSe exhibited significant bradycardia, metabolic acidosis and hyperlactataemia. In summary, NaHSe modulates metabolism by inhibition of cytochrome C oxidase. Modification of selenoprotein expression revealed the importance of oxidation status of selenium therapies, with implications for current clinical practice. The utility of NaHSe as a research tool and putative therapeutic is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex Dyson
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (K.S.); (M.K.); (W.S.); (A.K.); (R.T.); (N.A.); (M.S.)
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7
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Kunwar A, Priyadarsini KI, Jain VK. 3,3'-Diselenodipropionic acid (DSePA): A redox active multifunctional molecule of biological relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129768. [PMID: 33148501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research is being carried out globally to design and develop new selenium compounds for various biological applications such as antioxidants, radio-protectors, anti-carcinogenic agents, biocides, etc. In this pursuit, 3,3'-diselenodipropionic acid (DSePA), a synthetic organoselenium compound, has received considerable attention for its biological activities. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review intends to give a comprehensive account of research on DSePA so as to facilitate further research activities on this organoselenium compound and to realize its full potential in different areas of biological and pharmacological sciences. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS It is an interesting diselenide structurally related to selenocystine. It shows moderate glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activity and is an excellent scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exposure to radiation, as envisaged during radiation therapy, has been associated with normal tissue side effects and also with the decrease in selenium levels in the body. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of DSePA has confirmed its ability to reduce radiation induced side effects into normal tissues. Administration of DSePA through intraperitoneal (IP) or oral route to mice in a dose range of 2 to 2.5 mg/kg body weight has shown survival advantage against whole body irradiation and a significant protection to lung tissue against thoracic irradiation. Pharmacokinetic profiling of DSePA suggests its maximum absorption in the lung. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Research work on DSePA reported in fifteen years or so indicates that it is a promising multifunctional organoselenium compound exhibiting many important activities of biological relevance apart from radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kunwar
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - K Indira Priyadarsini
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina Campus, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India.
| | - Vimal K Jain
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina Campus, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India.
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8
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Wang J, Zhou J, Xu D, Li J, Deng D. Tailoring Viruslike Mesoporous FeSe 2 Hedgehogs for Controlled Drug Delivery and Synergistic Tumor Suppression. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:47197-47207. [PMID: 32993290 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To enhance affinity to their hosts, many organisms have evolved to be spiky. This strategy has been inspiring in many fields, but in drug delivery, the feasibility has not yet been extensively explored due to the lack of suitable nanocarriers. Herein, viruslike mesoporous FeSe2 hedgehogs with exceptional photothermal and catalytic performances have been tailored and explored for synergistic tumor therapy. The viruslike topology makes these hedgehogs highly prone to be internalized by cells. By uploading doxorubicin (Dox) into the hollow spikes and encapsulating the hedgehogs with photothermal-meltable gelatin, controlled surface morphology transition from quasi-spherical to spiky and accompanied Dox release have been achieved, with the assistance of the strong photothermal effect of FeSe2 hedgehogs. These integrated features allow specific and controlled drug delivery, leading to synergistic tumor suppression and immunogenic tumor cell death. These results provide new insights into the tailoring of drug carriers relying on their intrinsic physical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Cancer Institution, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, China
| | | | | | | | - Dawei Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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9
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Zhang L, Zhang S, Xu J, Li Y, He J, Yang Y, Huynh T, Ni P, Duan G, Yang Z, Zhou R. Low-Dose X-ray-Responsive Diselenide Nanocarriers for Effective Delivery of Anticancer Agents. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:43398-43407. [PMID: 33003260 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
X-ray-responsive nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery have shown great promise for enhancing the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy. A critical challenge remains for development of such radiation-controlled drug delivery systems (DDSs), which is to minimize the required X-ray dose for triggering the cargo release. Herein, we design and fabricate an effective DDS based on diselenide block copolymers (as nanocarrier), which can be triggered to release their cargo with a reduced radiation dose of 2 Gy due to their sensitivity to both X-ray and the high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the microenvironment of cancer cells. The underlying molecular mechanism is further illustrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In vivo experiments on tumor-bearing mice validated that the loaded drugs are effectively delivered to the tumor site and exert remarkable antitumor effects (minimum tumor volume/weight) along with X-ray. Furthermore, the diselenide nanocarriers exhibit no noticeable cytotoxicity. These findings provide new insights for the de novo design of radiation-controlled DDSs for cancer chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shitong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiaying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Youyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jinlin He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tien Huynh
- Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
| | - Peihong Ni
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guangxin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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10
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Abstract
The ternary chalcogenide Cu3VSe4 (CVSe) with sulvanite structure has been theoretically predicted to be a promising candidate for photovoltaic applications due to its suitable bandgap for solar absorption and the relatively earth-abundant elements in its composition. To realize the absorber layer via an inexpensive route, printed thin-films could be fabricated from dispersions of nano-sized Cu3VSe4 precursors. Herein, cubic Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals were successfully synthesized via a hot-injection method. Similar with reported Cu3VS4 nanocrystals, Cu3VSe4 nanocrystals with cubic structure exhibit three absorption bands in the UV-Visible range indicative of a potential intermediate bandgap existence. A thin film fabricated by depositing the nanoparticles Cu3VSe4 on FTO coated glass substrate, exhibited a p-type behavior and a photocurrent of ~ 4 μA/cm2 when measured in an electrochemical cell setting. This first demonstration of photocurrent exhibited by a CVSe nanocrystals thin film signifies a promising potential in photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, College of Engineering and Computing, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Yu Lai
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, College of Engineering and Computing, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gurpreet Singh Selopal
- Institute National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Varennes, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Daniela R Radu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, College of Engineering and Computing, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
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11
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Krasowska D, Iraci N, Santi C, Drabowicz J, Cieslak M, Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Palomba M, Królewska-Golińska K, Magiera J, Sancineto L. Diselenides and Benzisoselenazolones as Antiproliferative Agents and Glutathione-S-Transferase Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:E2914. [PMID: 31405214 PMCID: PMC6721112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of variously functionalized selenium-containing compounds were purposely synthesized and evaluated against a panel of cancer cell lines. Most of the compounds showed an interesting cytotoxicity profile with compound 5 showing a potent activity on MCF7 cells. The ethyl amino derivative 5 acts synergistically with cis-platin and inhibits the GST enzyme with a potency that well correlates with the cytotoxicity observed in MCF7 cells. A computational analysis suggests a possible binding mode on the GST enzyme. As the main outcome of the present study, the ethyl amino derivative 5 emerged as a valid lead compound for further, future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Krasowska
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Science, Sienkiewicza, 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Józef Drabowicz
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Science, Sienkiewicza, 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
- Institute of Chemistry Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa Częstochowa, 42-200 Armii Krajowej 13/15, Poland
| | - Marcin Cieslak
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Science, Sienkiewicza, 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Julia Kaźmierczak-Barańska
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Science, Sienkiewicza, 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Martina Palomba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Karolina Królewska-Golińska
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Science, Sienkiewicza, 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Magiera
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Science, Sienkiewicza, 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Luca Sancineto
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Science, Sienkiewicza, 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
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12
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Wang D, Xia X, Wu S, Zheng S, Wang G. The essentialness of glutathione reductase GorA for biosynthesis of Se(0)-nanoparticles and GSH for CdSe quantum dot formation in Pseudomonas stutzeri TS44. J Hazard Mater 2019; 366:301-310. [PMID: 30530022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas stutzeri TS44 was able to aerobically reduce Se(IV) into SeNPs and transform Se(IV)/Cd(II) mixture into CdSe-QDs. The SeNPs and CdSe-QDs were systematically characterized by surface feature analyses, and the molecular mechanisms of SeNPs and CdSe-QD formation in P. stutzeri TS44 were characterized in detail. In vivo, under 2.5 mmol/L Se(IV) exposure, GorA was essential for catalyzing of Se(IV) reduction rate decreased by 67% when the glutathione reductase gene gorA was disrupted, but it was not decreased in the glutathione synthesis rate-limiting gene gshA mutated strain compared to the wild type. The complemented strains restored the phenotypes. While under low amount of Se(IV) (0.5 mmol/L), GSH played an important role for Se(IV) reduction. In vitro, GorA catalyzed Se(IV) reduction with NADPH as the electron donor (Vmax of 3.947 ± 0.1061 μmol/min/mg protein under pH 7.0 and 28℃). In addition, CdSe-QDs were successfully synthesized by a one-step method in which Se(IV) and Cd(II) were added to bacterial culture simultaneously. GSH rather than GorA is necessary for CdSe-QD formation in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, the results provide new findings showing that GorA functions as a selenite reductase under high amount Se(IV) and GSH is essential for bacterial CdSe-QD synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shijuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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13
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Abstract
Dendrimers are considered as good vectors for drug delivery in cancer treatment. However, most anticancer drugs are conjugated to the peripheral surface of dendrimers, sacrificing the advantages of monodispersity and stability belonging to dendrimers. Furthermore, dendrimers in current studies of cancer treatment are mostly used as vectors for drugs, whereas the anticancer activity of dendrimers on their own is less studied. Here we have prepared monodisperse selenium-platinum coordination dendrimers with a selenium-platinum core buried inside. Structures of the dendrimers were determined by various characterizations. The coordination dendrimers showed controlled anticancer activity by themselves, without loading additional drugs. The in vivo study further demonstrated their anticancer activity and low toxicity to normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Mario Smet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium
| | - Huaping Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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14
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Sánchez-Paradinas S, Dorfs D, Friebe S, Freytag A, Wolf A, Bigall NC. Aerogels from CdSe/CdS Nanorods with Ultra-long Exciton Lifetimes and High Fluorescence Quantum Yields. Adv Mater 2015; 27:6152-6. [PMID: 26332446 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are fabricated from CdSe/CdS seeded nanorod building blocks by the addition of hydrogen peroxide and converted to aerogels by supercritical drying. The aerogels show higher photoluminescence quantum yields and longer lifetimes than the hydrogels and the nanoparticle solutions. A model for this observation is derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sánchez-Paradinas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, D-30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Dorfs
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, D-30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Friebe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, D-30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Freytag
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, D-30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Wolf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, D-30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, D-30167, Hannover, Germany
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15
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Song XR, Wang X, Yu SX, Cao J, Li SH, Li J, Liu G, Yang HH, Chen X. Co₉ Se₈ nanoplates as a new theranostic platform for photoacoustic/magnetic resonance dual-modal-imaging-guided chemo-photothermal combination therapy. Adv Mater 2015; 27:3285-91. [PMID: 25885638 PMCID: PMC5242345 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A new theranostic platform is developed based on biocompatible poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-Co9 Se8 nanoplates. These PAA-Co9 Se8 nanoplates are successfully utilized for photoacoustic imaging (PAI)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dual-modal imaging. Moreover, the PAA-Co9 Se8 -DOX shows pH-responsive chemotherapy and enables the combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy to receive superior antitumor efficacy. This work promises further exploration of 2D nanoplatforms for theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rong Song
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Shu-Xian Yu
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Jianbo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Shi-Hua Li
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Huang-Hao Yang
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, 20892, USA
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16
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Ahmed M, Guleria A, Rath MC, Singh AK, Adhikari S, Sarkar SK. Facile and green synthesis of CdSe quantum dots in protein matrix: tuning of morphology and optical properties. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:5730-5742. [PMID: 25935997 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.8857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have demonstrated a facile and green approach for the synthesis of Cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs). The process was mediated by bovine serum albumin (BSA) and it was found that BSA plays the dual role of reducing agent as well as a stabilizing agent. The QDs exhibited sharp excitonic absorption features at ~500 nm and subsequently showed reasonably good photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature. The PL is seen to be strongly dependent on the concentration of the precursors and hence, the luminescence of these QDs could be conveniently tuned across the visible spectrum simply by varying molar ratio of the precursors. It can be envisaged from the fact that a red-shift of about 100 nm in the PL peak position was observed when the molar ratio of the precursors ([Cd2+]:[Se2-], in mM) was varied from 10:5 to 10:40. Subsequently, the charge carrier relaxation dynamics associated with the different molar ratio of precursors has been investigated and very interesting information regarding the energy level structures of these QDs were revealed. Most importantly, in conjunction with the optical tuning, the nanomorphology of these nanoparticles was found to vary with the change in molar ratios of Se and Cd precursors. This aspect can provide a new direction of controlling the shape of CdSe nanoparticles. The possible mechanism of the formation as well as for the shape variation of these nanoparticles with the molar ratios of precursors has been proposed, taking into account the role of amino acid residues (present in BSA). Moreover, the QDs were water soluble and possessed fairly good colloidal stability therefore, can have potential applications in catalysis and bio-labeling. On the whole, the present methodology of protein assisted synthesis is relatively new especially for semiconducting nanomaterials and may provide some unique and interesting aspects to control and fine tune the morphology vis-à-vis, their optical properties.
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17
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Rabbani F, Ajaz H, Zimmermann I, Johnsson M. Synthesis, crystal structure and thermal decomposition of the new cadmium selenite chloride, Cd4(SeO3)2OCl2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97175. [PMID: 24844633 PMCID: PMC4028199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic study in the Cd-Se-O-Cl system led to formation of the new oxochloride compound Cd4(SeO3)2OCl2 via solid state reactions. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Fmmm with cell parameters a = 7.3610(3) Å, b = 15.4936(2) Å, c = 17.5603(3) Å, Z = 8, S = 0.969, F(000) = 2800, R = 0.0185, Rw = 0.0384. Single crystal X-ray data were collected at 293 K. The crystal structure can be considered as layered and the building units are distorted [Cd(1)O6] octahedra, distorted [Cd(2)O8] cubes, irregular [Cd(3)O4Cl2] polyhedra and SeO3E trigonal pyramids. There are two crystallographically unique Cl atoms that both are half occupied. Thermogravimetric studies show that the compound starts to decompose at 500°C. The crystal structure of the new compound is closely related to the previously described compound Cd4(SeO3)2Cl4(H2O).
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Rabbani
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Humayun Ajaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iwan Zimmermann
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Johnsson
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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18
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Kauffer FA, Merlin C, Balan L, Schneider R. Incidence of the core composition on the stability, the ROS production and the toxicity of CdSe quantum dots. J Hazard Mater 2014; 268:246-255. [PMID: 24509095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mercaptosuccinic acid-capped CdSe and alloyed CdSe(S) QDs were prepared in aqueous solution at 100 and 170°C, respectively. These dots were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-vis and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The dots were found to be of similar size (ca. 2nm) but differ in their composition and surface chemistry. The photostability of the QDs was found to correlate with their ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light activation. CdSe QDs produce hydroxyl radicals immediately after irradiation due to their modest photostability, while CdSe(S) QDs start to generate the hydroxyl radicals only once they start to be bleached (ca. 30min). Cytotoxicity experiments conducted on Escherichia coli cells revealed that CdSe QDs were the more toxic despite being the least loaded in cadmium. In addition, consistent with ROS assays, the cytotoxicity of the CdSe QDs appeared light-dependent and is in accordance with a light-dependent oxidative stress observed with an oxyR-based whole cell biosensor. Our results demonstrate the crucial role played by nanoparticles synthesis process on their PL properties, their stability and their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence-Anaïs Kauffer
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France; Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, CNRS, 15 Avenue du Charmois, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christophe Merlin
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, CNRS, 15 Avenue du Charmois, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Lavinia Balan
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), LRC 7228, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Raphaël Schneider
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France.
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19
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Bach LG, Islam MR, Hong SS, Lim KT. A simple preparation of a stable CdS-polyacrylamide nanocomposite: structure, thermal and optical properties. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013; 13:7707-7711. [PMID: 24245319 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2013.7829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A facile approach was employed for the preparation of stable luminescent nanocomposites of CdS quantum dots (QDs) and polyacrylamide (PAM) through the cross coupling chemistry. Initially, CdS QDs were synthesized in a well controlled manner using 3-mercaptopropionic acid as a capping agent. Then, carboxylic acid groups on CdS QDs were chemically incorporated into PAM matrices with the assistance of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide coupling agents. FT-IR analysis was used to investigate the chemical incorporation of CdS QDs in PAM matrices via the covalent protocol. The XPS elemental mapping studies further suggested the formation of CdS-PAM nanocomposites. FE-SEM and TEM images were engaged to study the morphologies, and distribution of CdS QDs in the PAM networks. The physical structure of the CdS-PAM nanocomposites was investigated by XRD analysis. Thermal stability of the nanocomposites was observed to be enhanced in compare to PAM as evidenced from TGA data. The UV-vis and photoluminescence studies of the CdS-PAM nanocomposites suggested their promising optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Giang Bach
- Department of Imaging System Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
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20
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Abstract
Advancing our understanding of the photophysical and electrochemical properties of semiconductor nanoclusters with a molecule-like HOMO-LUMO energy level will help lead to their application in photovoltaic devices and photocatalysts. Here we describe an approach to the synthesis and isolation of molecule-like CdSe nanoclusters, which displayed sharp transitions at 347 nm (3.57 eV) and 362 nm (3.43 eV) in the optical spectrum with a lower energy band extinction coefficient of ~121,000 M(-1) cm(-1). Mass spectrometry showed a single nanocluster molecular weight of 8502. From this mass and various spectroscopic analyses, the nanoclusters are determined to be of the single molecular composition Cd34Se20(SPh)28, which is a new nonstiochiometric nanocluster. Their reversible electrochemical band gap determined in Bu4NPF6/CH3CN was found to be 4.0 V. There was a 0.57 eV Coulombic interaction energy of the electron-hole pair involved. The scan rate dependent electrochemistry suggested diffusion-limited transport of nanoclusters to the electrode. The nanocluster diffusion coefficient (D = 5.4 × 10 (-4) cm(2)/s) in acetonitrile solution was determined from cyclic voltammetry, which suggested Cd34Se20(SPh)28 acts as a multielectron donor or acceptor. We also present a working model of the energy level structure of the newly discovered nanocluster based on its photophysical and redox properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta Dolai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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21
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Zimmermann EG, Thurow S, Freitas CS, Mendes SR, Perin G, Alves D, Jacob RG, Lenardão EJ. A selenium-based ionic liquid as a recyclable solvent for the catalyst-free synthesis of 3-selenylindoles. Molecules 2013; 18:4081-90. [PMID: 23563858 PMCID: PMC6269994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18044081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylselenite, [bmim][SeO2(OCH3)], was successfully used as solvent in the catalyst-free preparation of 3-arylselenylindoles by the reaction of indole with ArSeCl at room temperature. The products were obtained selectively in good yields without the need of any additive and the solvent was easily reused for several cycles with good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton G. Zimmermann
- LASOL – CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas — UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Samuel Thurow
- LASOL – CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas — UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Camilo S. Freitas
- LASOL – CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas — UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Samuel R. Mendes
- GAPAM, Departamento de Química, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 89219-719, Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- LASOL – CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas — UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (G.P.); (E.J.L.); Tel.: +55-53-3275-7357 (E.J.L.); Fax: +55-53-3275-7533 (E.J.L.)
| | - Diego Alves
- LASOL – CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas — UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel G. Jacob
- LASOL – CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas — UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- LASOL – CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas — UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (G.P.); (E.J.L.); Tel.: +55-53-3275-7357 (E.J.L.); Fax: +55-53-3275-7533 (E.J.L.)
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22
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Zhao MX, Li Y, Wang CJ. [Synthesis and bioactivity of the folate receptor targeted gamma-cyclodextrin-folate inclusion-coated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2013; 48:566-572. [PMID: 23833947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The gamma-cyclodextrin-folate (gamma-CD/FA) inclusion-coated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with folate-receptor (FR) targeted were synthesized by simple and convenient sonochemical method. The products were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), utraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV-vis), fluorescence spectrum and transmission electron micrographs (TEM). The results showed that the gamma-CD/FA-coated CdSe/ZnS QDs not only have good monodispersity and smaller size, but also have good optical performance, such as higher quantum yield (QY) and a long fluorescence lifetime. The cytotoxicity experiments showed that the gamma-CD/FA-coated CdSe/ZnS QDs have lower cytotoxicity and could more effectively enter cancer cells with FR over-expression. The QDs with 4-5 nm in diameter were relatively easy to enter the cell and to be removed through kidneys, so it is more suitable for biomedical applications for bioprobes and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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23
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Shu C, Huang B, Chen X, Wang Y, Li X, Ding L, Zhong W. Facile synthesis and characterization of water soluble ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots for cellar imaging. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 104:143-149. [PMID: 23266687 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Strong fluorescence and low cytotoxicity ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized by a facile aqueous phase route. It overcame the defects such as instability and low quantum yield of the quantum dots synthesized by early aqueous phase route. L-Glutathione (GSH) and 3-mercaptopropaonic acid (MPA) were used as mixture stabilizers to synthesize high quality ZnSe/ZnS QDs. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and their optical properties were investigated by using UV-vis spectrophotometer, fluorescence spectrophotometer (FL), IR spectrophotometer and confocal laser scanning microscope. The synthesized ZnSe/ZnS QDs illuminated blue fluorescence under ultraviolet lamp. Its water-soluble property is excellent and the fluorescence intensity of ZnSe/ZnS QDs almost did not change after 4 months at room temperature. The average diameter of ZnSe/ZnS nanocrystals is about 3 nm and quantum yield (QY) could reach to 70.6% after repeat determination. Low cytotoxicity was ensured by investigated SCG7901 and RAW264.7 cells. In comparison with cadmium based nanocrystals, ZnSe/ZnS QDs posed low cytotoxicity. The cells viability remained 96.7% when the QDs concentration was increased to 10 μmol/L. The results in vitro indicate that ZnSe/ZnS QDs-based probes have good stability, low toxicity and biocompatibility for fluorescence imaging in cancer model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, NanJing 210009, PR China
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24
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Abstract
Nanotechnology is a growing industry with wide ranging applications in consumer product and technology development. In the biomedical field, nanoparticles are finding increasing use as imaging agents for biomolecular labeling and tumor targeting. The nanoparticle physiochemical properties must be tailored for the specific application. For example, nanoparticle chemical and physical stability in the biological milieu (no oxidation, aggregation, agglomeration or toxicity) are often required. Nanoparticles used for biomolecular fluorescent imaging should also have high quantum yield (QY). The aim of this paper is to examine the QY, stability, and cell toxicity of a series of positive, negative and neutral surface charge quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles. Simple protocols are described to prepare water soluble QDs by modifying the surface with thiol containing antioxidant ligands and polymers keeping the QD core/shell composition constant. The ligands used to produce negatively charged QDs include glutathione (GSH), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), tiopronin (TP), bucilliamine (BUC), and mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA). Ligands used to produce positively charged QDs include cysteamine (CYS) and polyethylenimine (PEI). Dithiothreitol (DTT) was used to produce neutral charged QDs. Commercially available nonaqueous octadecylamine (ODA) capped QDs served as the starting material. Our results suggest that QD uptake and cytotoxicity are both dependent on surface ligand coating composition. The negative charged GSH coated QDs show superior performance exhibiting low cytotoxicity, high stability, high QY and therefore are best suited for bioimaging applications. PEI coated QD also show superior performance exhibiting high QY and stability. However, they are considerably more cytotoxic due to their high positive charge which is an advantageous property that can be exploited for gene transfection and/or tumor targeting applications. The synthetic procedures described are straightforward and can be easily adapted in most laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, 14642, USA
| | - Luke J. Mortensen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, 14642, USA
| | - Lisa A. DeLouise
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, 14642, USA
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25
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Freeman R, Finder T, Bahshi L, Gill R, Willner I. Functionalized CdSe/ZnS QDs for the detection of nitroaromatic or RDX explosives. Adv Mater 2012; 24:6416-21. [PMID: 23008159 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201202793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemically modified CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are used as fluorescent probes for the analysis of explosives, and specifically, the detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT) or trinitrotriazine (RDX). The QDs are functionalized with electron-donating ligands that bind nitro-containing explosives, exhibiting electron-acceptor properties, to the QD surface, via supramolecular donor-acceptor interactions leading to the quenching of the luminescence of the QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Freeman
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnologhy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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26
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Kessentini Y, Ben Ahmed A, Elaoud Z, Aljuaid SS, Mhiri T. Structural, vibrational and DSC investigations of the bis-4-benzyl piperidinium tetraoxoselenate monohydrate crystal. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2012; 98:222-228. [PMID: 22964243 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.07.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new organic-inorganic salt, bis-4-benzyl piperidinium tetraoxoselenate monohydrate has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopies. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system P2(1)/c at room temperature with the following parameters: a=8.617(3)Å, b=27.140(9)Å, c=10.926(5)Å, β=96.46(4)° and Z=4. Its vibrational spectra have been discussed on the basis on quantum chemical density theory (DFT) calculation using B3LYP/6-31G(*) approach. The role of the intermolecular interaction in this crystal is analyzed. Acidic protons of the selenate group were transferred to the organic cation giving the singly-protonated cation. The ability of ions to form spontaneous three-dimensional structure through O-H···O and N-H···O hydrogen bond is fully utilized. These hydrogen bonds give notable vibrational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kessentini
- Laboratoire de l'Etat Solide, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, BP. N° 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia.
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27
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Abstract
Nowadays, novel synthesis routes of nanoparticles are attracting a considerable attention of relative scientists. In this work, monodispersed spherical ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized by an oil-water interface method. The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Typical TEM images showed that the average size of ZnS QDs was 3.3 nm. The ZnS QDs with the largest yield and UV absorbance were obtained with the mole ratio of [S2-]/[Zn2+] = 1.2/1.0 at 100 degrees C. Based on the above results and the previous outstanding work for synthesis of monodispersed inorganic nanoparticles, the formation mechanism of the monodispersed ZnS quantum dots was proposed. Additionally, UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra for Mn2+ and Eu3+ doped ZnS QDs were used to investigate their optical properties. Effects of Mn2+ and Eu3+ doping ratio on their optical properties were studied. The optimized doping ratio of Mn2+ and Eu3+ was 4.0 mol.% and 5.0 mol.%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxing Du
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
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28
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Abstract
A strong ligand effect was observed for the aqueous-phase growth of ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) in the Ostwald ripening (OR) stage. The QDs were made by injecting Se monomer at room temperature followed by a ramp to 100 °C. The ramp produced a second, more gradual increase in the concentrations of both Zn and Se monomers fed by the dissolution of QDs below the critical size. The dissolution process was followed using measurements of the mass of Zn in QDs and in the supernatant by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Despite the flux of monomers, there was little growth in the QDs of average size based on UV-vis absorption spectra, until the temperature reached 100 °C, when there was a period of rapid growth followed by a period of linear growth. The linear growth stage is the result of OR as the total mass of Zn in QDs and in the solvent remained constant. The growth data were fit to a continuum model for the limiting case of surface reaction control. The rate is proportional to the equilibrium coefficient for ligand detachment from the QD surface. The ligand 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) was the most tightly bound to the surface and produced the lowest growth rate of (1.5-2) × 10(-3) nm/min in the OR stage, whereas thiolactic acid (TLA) was the most labile and produced the highest growth rate of 3 × 10(-3) nm/min. Methyl thioglycolate (MTG) and thioglycolic acid (TGA) produced rates in between these values. Ligands containing electron-withdrawing groups closer to the S atom and branching promote growth, whereas longer, possibly bidendate, ligands retard it. Mixed ligand experiments confirmed that growth is determined by ligand bonding strength to the QD. Photoluminescence spectroscopy showed that the more labile the ligand, the more facile the repair of surface defects during the exposure of the QDs to room light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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29
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Sun Q, Fu S, Dong T, Liu S, Huang C. Aqueous synthesis and characterization of TGA-capped CdSe quantum dots at freezing temperature. Molecules 2012; 17:8430-8. [PMID: 22785270 PMCID: PMC6268872 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17078430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CdSe quantum dots (QDs) have traditionally been synthesized in organic phase and then transferred to aqueous solution by functionalizing their surface with silica, polymers, short-chain thiol ligands, or phospholipid micelles. However, a drastic increase in the hydrodynamic size and biotoxicity of QDs may hinder their biomedical applications. In this paper, the TGA-capped CdSe QDs are directly synthesized in aqueous phase at freezing temperature, and they prove to possess high QY (up to 14%).
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30
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Wang J, Guo W, Liu S, Li D. Synthesis of CdSe and CdSe/TiO2 nanoparticles under multibubble sonoluminescence condition. Ultrason Sonochem 2012; 19:464-468. [PMID: 21982937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CdSe and CdSe/TiO(2) nanoparticles were synthesized under multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) condition. The influences of TiO(2) introduced as the sensitizer on the morphology and crystal transformation were investigated. The morphology, phase and optical properties of the final products have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscope, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results showed that as-prepared nanoparticles are well-crystallized, and the suppression of crystal pattern transition as well as the control of CdSe crystal growth can be implemented by coupling of TiO(2) semiconductor. Furthermore, the possible growth mechanism for different morphologies and crystal phases of the nanocrystals were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Environment and Health Engineering, Henan University, Henan Kaifeng 475004, China
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31
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Wang F, Buhro WE. Morphology control of cadmium selenide nanocrystals: insights into the roles of di-n-octylphosphine oxide (DOPO) and ucid (DOPA). J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5369-80. [PMID: 22369500 PMCID: PMC3319089 DOI: 10.1021/ja300135c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Di-n-octylphosphine oxide (DOPO) and di-n-octylphosphinic acid (DOPA), as two of impurities found in commercial tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO), generate significant differences in the outcomes of CdSe-nanocrystal (NC) syntheses. Using n-tetradecylphosphonic acid (TDPA) as the primary acid additive, quantum dots (QDs) are grown with DOPO added, whereas quantum rods (QRs) are grown in the presence of DOPA. While using oleic acid (OA) as the primary acid additive, QDs are generated and the QDs produced with DOPA exhibit larger sizes and size distributions than those produced with DOPO. (31)P NMR analyses of the reaction mixtures reveal that the majority of the DOPO has been converted into DOPA and di-n-octylphosphine (DOP) with DOP being removed via evacuation over the course of Cd-precursor preparation. The origin of the puzzling differences in the shape control of CdSe NCs in the presence of DOPO and DOPA is elucidated to be the small quantity of DOPO present, which liberates DOP during NC synthesis. In the presence of DOP, regardless of DOPA, the precursor-conversion kinetics and thus the nucleation kinetics are dramatically accelerated, generating a large number of nuclei by consuming a significant amount of CdSe nutrients, favoring QD growth. Similarly, QD growth is favored by the fast nucleation kinetics in the presence of OA, and the broader size distributions of QDs with DOPA are due to a second nucleation event initiated by the more stable Cd-di-n-octylphosphinate component. In contrast, a slow nucleation event results in the growth of QRs in the case of using DOPA and TDPA, where no DOPO or DOP is present. The results, thus, demonstrate the important role of precursor-conversion kinetics in the control of NC morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fudong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Materials Innovation, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States.
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32
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Groeneveld E, van Berkum S, van Schooneveld MM, Gloter A, Meeldijk JD, van den Heuvel DJ, Gerritsen HC, de Mello Donega C. Highly luminescent (Zn,Cd)Te/CdSe colloidal heteronanowires with tunable electron-hole overlap. Nano Lett 2012; 12:749-57. [PMID: 22214477 DOI: 10.1021/nl203695m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of ultranarrow (Zn,Cd)Te/CdSe colloidal heteronanowires, using ZnTe magic size clusters as seeds. The wire formation starts with a partial Zn for Cd cation exchange, followed by self-organization into segmented heteronanowires. Further growth occurs by inclusion of CdSe. The heteronanowires emit in the 530 to 760 nm range with high quantum yields. The electron-hole overlap decreases with increasing CdSe volume fraction, allowing the optical properties to be controlled by adjusting the heteronanowire composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Groeneveld
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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33
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Wang J, Zhou X, Ma H, Tao G. Diethyldithiocarbamate functionalized CdSe/CdS quantum dots as a fluorescent probe for copper ion detection. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 81:178-183. [PMID: 21798793 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new fluorescent probe for copper ion detection is reported that it is based on the quenching of the fluorescence of the diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC)-functionalized quantum dots (QDs) in the presence of copper ions. DDTC was bound to the QDs via the surface ligand exchange to form DDTC-QDs conjugates following the capping of 2-mercaptoacetic acid on the core-shell CdSe/CdS QDs. It was found that the fluorescence intensity of the conjugates was quenched after coordinated with Cu(2+). A linear relationship existed between the extent of quenching and the concentration of copper in the range of 0-100 μg L(-1), with a detection limit of 0.29 μg L(-1) (3σ). The DDTC-functionalized QDs showed excellent selectivity for Cu(2+) over other metal cations. The fluorescent probe was successfully used for the determination of copper in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazi Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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34
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Wang Y, Mo Y, Zhou L. Synthesis of CdSe quantum dots using selenium dioxide as selenium source and its interaction with pepsin. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 79:1311-1315. [PMID: 21664175 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel method has been developed for the synthesis of thioglycolic acid (TGA)-capped CdSe quantum dots (QDs) in an aqueous medium when selenium dioxide worked as a selenium source and sodium borohydride acted as a reductant. The interaction between CdSe QDs and pepsin was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. It was proved that the fluorescence quenching of pepsin by CdSe QDs was mainly a result of the formation of CdSe-pepsin complex. Based on the fluorescence quenching results, the Stern-Volmer quenching constant (Ksv), binding constant (KA) and binding sites (n) were calculated. According to the Foster's non-radiative energy transfer theory, the binding distance (r) between pepsin and CdSe QDs was obtained. The influence of CdSe QDs on the conformation of pepsin has been analyzed by synchronous fluorescence spectra, which provided that the secondary structure of pepsin has been changed by the interaction of CdSe QDs with pepsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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35
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Abstract
ZnS nanotetrapods were investigated by atom-resolved microscopy characterization and quantitative simulation. The octahedron core enclosed with Zn- and S-terminated surfaces was verified. Four hexaprism-shaped arms were selectively grown from Zn-terminated surfaces of the core by alternately stacking zinc blende and wurtzite structures. The stacking order change at the core/arm interface is significant to activate the arm growth. The anisotropic growth mechanism was proposed and further proved by the synthesis of ZnS nanoparticles and nanobelts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Measurement-Manipulation and Physics (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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36
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Deng B, Zhong SL, Wang DH, Wang SS, Zhang TK, Qu WG, Xu AW. High yield synthesis of matchstick-like PbS nanocrystals using mesoporous organosilica as template. Nanoscale 2011; 3:1014-1021. [PMID: 21152520 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00741b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A simple hard template method has been developed to prepare uniform matchstick-like PbS nanocrystals. The approach combines functionalization of the mesoporous walls and channel surface with thioether groups, adsorption of Pb2+, and heating in an N2 atmosphere at high temperature. The structure, morphology and composition of the nanocrystals have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical properties of the matchstick-like PbS nanocrystals have been systematically investigated by Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). These results demonstrate that these matchstick-like PbS nanocrystals are single crystals and possess novel optical properties, suggesting that they may have many potential applications. A large blue shift is observed in the photoluminescence spectrum, and this clearly shows the quantum size effects of the matchstick-like PbS . Furthermore, a growth mechanism of the PbS heteronanostructure is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Deng
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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37
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Podsiadlo P, Lee B, Prakapenka VB, Krylova GV, Schaller RD, Demortière A, Shevchenko EV. High-pressure structural stability and elasticity of supercrystals self-assembled from nanocrystals. Nano Lett 2011; 11:579-588. [PMID: 21175220 DOI: 10.1021/nl103587u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report here combined quasi-hydrostatic high-pressure small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies on faceted 3D supercrystals (SCs) self-assembled from colloidal 7.0 nm spherical PbS nanocrystals (NCs). Diamond anvil cell (DAC) SAXS experiments in the pressure range from ambient to 12.5 GPa revealed nearly perfect structural stability of the SCs, with face-centered cubic organization of the NCs. Pressure-induced ordering (annealing effect) of the superstructure was observed. The ambient pressure bulk modulus of the SCs was calculated to be ∼5 GPa for compression and ∼14.5 GPa for decompression from fitting of Vinet and Birch-Murnaghan equations of state. XRD measurements revealed strong preferential crystallographic orientation of the NCs through all phase transformations to as high as 55 GPa without any indication of NC sintering. The first phase transition pressure of the NCs was found between 8.1 and 9.2 GPa and proceeds through homogeneous nucleation. Bulk modulus of PbS NCs was calculated to be ∼51 GPa based on fitting to the equations of state (K(PbS,bulk) ∼ 51-57 GPa). Closest surface-to-surface distance between the NCs in the SCs was calculated based on combined XRD and SAXS data, to reversibly tune from ∼1.56 nm to ∼0.9-0.92 nm and back to ∼1.36 nm in the ambient-12.5 GPa-ambient pressure cycle. The bulk modulus of the ligand matrix was extrapolated to be ∼2.2-2.95 GPa. These results show a general method of tuning NC interactions in packed nanoparticle solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Podsiadlo
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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38
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Kim YT, Han JH, Hong BH, Kwon YU. Electrochemical synthesis of CdSe quantum-dot arrays on a graphene basal plane using mesoporous silica thin-film templates. Adv Mater 2010; 22:515-8. [PMID: 20217745 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200902736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, BK-21 School of Chemical Materials Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-476, Korea
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39
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Yadav RS, Mishra P, Mishra R, Kumar M, Pandey AC. Growth mechanism and optical property of CdS nanoparticles synthesized using amino-acid histidine as chelating agent under sonochemical process. Ultrason Sonochem 2010; 17:116-122. [PMID: 19481969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Using amino-acid histidine as chelating agent, CdS nanoparticles have been synthesized by sonochemical method. It is found that by varying the ultrasonic irradiation time, we can tune the band gap and particle size of CdS nanoparticles. The imidazole ring of histidine captures the Cd ions from the solution, and prevents the growth of the CdS nanoparticles. The deviation in the linear relation in between cube of radius of nanoparticles and ultrasonic irradiation time confirms the growth of CdS nanoparticles occur via two process; one is the diffusion process of the reactants as well as reaction at the surface of the crystallite. CdS nanoparticles synthesized using histidine as organic chelating agent have band edge emission at approximately 481 nm and have greater photoluminescence intensity with blue-shift to higher energy due to typical quantum confinement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghvendra S Yadav
- Nanophosphor Application Centre, Physics Department, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India.
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40
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Han R, Yu M, Zheng Q, Wang L, Hong Y, Sha Y. A facile synthesis of small-sized, highly photoluminescent, and monodisperse CdSeS QD/SiO(2) for live cell imaging. Langmuir 2009; 25:12250-12255. [PMID: 19821624 DOI: 10.1021/la9016596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, silica coating has been extensively investigated to fabricate the biocompatible interface of quantum dots (QDs) for biomedical applications. We here describe a facile and efficient method of synthesizing high-quality silica-coated CdSeS QDs (CdSeS QD/SiO(2)), where an immediate photoluminescence-favorable microenvironment is first created by assembling amphiphilic molecules around the CdSeS core, and a thin silica shell is further introduced to protect this hydrophobic interlayer. The prepared CdSeS QD/SiO(2) exhibits excellent properties such as good water solubility, low cytotoxicity, and high quantum yield (QY, up to 0.49) as well as the resistance of photobleaching in aqueous solution. Also, the CdSeS QD/SiO(2) nanoparticles homogeneously comprise single CdSeS cores and hold a comparatively small size up to about 11 nm in diameter. Particularly, this method leads to a significant increase in QY as compared to the uncoated CdSeS QDs ( approximately 109% of the initial QY), though only thin silica shells formed in the CdSeS QD/SiO(2) structure. By coupling with folic acids, the CdSeS QD/SiO(2) conjugates were successfully used for tumor cell labeling. Our results demonstrated a robust hydrophobic QDs-based approach for preparing highly photoluminescent, biocompatible QD/SiO(2) through creation of a stable hydrophobic interlayer surrounding the QD cores, which could be also suitable for silica coating of other kinds of hydrophobic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongcheng Han
- Single-molecule and Nanobiology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Biomed-X Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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41
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Shastri LA, Kailasa SK, Wu HF. Cysteine-capped ZnSe quantum dots as affinity and accelerating probes for microwave enzymatic digestion of proteins via direct matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2009; 23:2247-2252. [PMID: 19562823 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) exhibit great potential and capability for many biological and biochemical applications. We report a simple strategy for the synthesis of aqueous stable ZnSe QDs by using cysteine as the capping agent (ZnSe-Cys QDs). The ZnSe QDs can act as affinity probes to enrich peptides and proteins via direct matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) analysis. This nanoprobe could significantly enhance protein signals (insulin, ubiquitin, cytochrome c, myoglobin and lysozyme) in MALDI-TOFMS by 2.5-12 times compared with the traditional method. Additionally, the ZnSe-Cys QDs can be applied as heat absorbers (as accelerating probes) to speed up microwave-assisted enzymatic digestion reactions and also as affinity probes to enrich lysozyme-digested products in MALDI-TOFMS. Furthermore, after the enrichment experiments, the solutions of ZnSe-Cys QDs mixed with proteins can be directly deposited onto the MALDI plates for rapid analysis. This approach shows a simple, rapid, efficient and straightforward method for direct analysis of proteins or peptides by MALDI-TOFMS without the requirement for further time-consuming separation processes, tedious washing steps or laborious purification procedures. The present study has demonstrated that ZnSe-Cys QDs are reliable and potential materials for rapid, selective separation and enrichment of proteins as well as accelerating probes for microwave-digested reactions for proteins than the regular MALDI-MS tools. Additionally, we also believe that this work may also inspire investigations for applications of QDs in the field of MALDI-MS for proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh A Shastri
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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42
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Abstract
In this communication, we report a synthesis of anisotropic colloidal superparticles (SPs) from CdSe/CdS semiconductor nanorods. These anisotropic SPs are cylindrical disks or stacked-disk arrays. We attribute the major driving forces controlling the SP shape to interparticle interactions between nanorods and solvophobic interactions between a superparticle and its surrounding solvent. According to their sizes (or volumes), the SPs adopt either single- or multilayered structures. In addition, these SPs exhibit linearly polarized emissions, demonstrating their potential role as useful components in devices such as polarized light-emitting diodes and electrooptical modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Andrew D. Shaller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164
| | - Jared Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Huimeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Alexander D. Q. Li
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164
| | - Y. Charles Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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Fedorov SV, Krivdin LB, Rusakov YY, Ushakov IA, Istomina NV, Belogorlova NA, Malysheva SF, Gusarova NK, Trofimov BA. Conformational analysis and stereochemical dependences of (31)P-(1)H spin-spin coupling constants of bis(2-phenethyl)vinylphosphine and related phosphine chalcogenides. Magn Reson Chem 2009; 47:288-299. [PMID: 19127528 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical energy-based conformational analysis of bis(2-phenethyl)vinylphosphine and related phosphine oxide, sulfide and selenide synthesized from available secondary phosphine chalcogenides and vinyl sulfoxides is performed at the MP2/6-311G** level to study stereochemical behavior of their (31)P-(1)H spin-spin coupling constants measured experimentally and calculated at different levels of theory. All four title compounds are shown to exist in the equilibrium mixture of two conformers: major planar s-cis and minor orthogonal ones, while (31)P-(1) H spin-spin coupling constants under study are found to demonstrate marked stereochemical dependences with respect to the geometry of the coupling pathways, and to the internal rotation of the vinyl group around the P(X)-C bonds (X = LP, O, S and Se), opening a new guide in the conformational studies of unsaturated phosphines and phosphine chalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Fedorov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky St. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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44
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Deng Z, Lie FL, Shen S, Ghosh I, Mansuripur M, Muscat AJ. Water-based route to ligand-selective synthesis of ZnSe and Cd-doped ZnSe quantum dots with tunable ultraviolet A to blue photoluminescence. Langmuir 2009; 25:434-442. [PMID: 19053829 DOI: 10.1021/la802294e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A water-based route has been demonstrated for synthesizing ZnSe and Cd-doped ZnSe (Zn(x)Cd(1-x)Se, 0 < x < 1) quantum dots (QDs) that have tunable and narrow photoluminescence (PL) peaks from the ultraviolet A (UVA) to the blue range (350-490 nm) with full-width at half-maximum (fwhm) values of 24-36 nm. Hydrazine (N(2)H(4)) was used to maintain oxygen-free conditions, allowing the reaction vessel to be open to air. The properties of the QDs were controlled using the thiol ligands, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), thiolglycolic acid (TGA), and l-glutathione (GSH). On the basis of optical spectra, linear three-carbon MPA attenuated nucleation and growth, yielding small ZnSe QDs with a high density of surface defects. In contrast, TGA and GSH produced larger ZnSe QDs with lower surface defect densities. The absorption spectra show that growth was more uniform and better controlled with linear two-carbon TGA than branched bifunctional GSH. After 20 min of growth TGA-capped ZnSe had an average diameter of 2.5 nm based on high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images; these nanocrystals had an absorbance peak maximum of approximately 340 nm (3.65 eV) and a band gap PL emission peak at 372 nm (3.34 eV). Highly fluorescent Zn(x)Cd(1-x)Se QDs were fabricated by adding a Cd-thiol complex directly to ZnSe QD solutions; PL peaks were tuned in the blue range (400-490 nm) by changing the Zn to Cd ratio. The Cd-bearing nanocrystals contained proportionally more Se based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Cd-Se bonds had ionic character, in contrast to primarily covalent Zn-Se bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Deng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Optical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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45
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Huang F, Chen G. Preparation and application of L-cysteine-modified CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals as a novel fluorescence probe for detection of nucleic acid. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2008; 70:318-323. [PMID: 17954036 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The water-soluble L-cysteine-modified CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals (expressed as CdSe/CdS/Cys nanocrystals) have been synthesized in aqueous by using L-cysteine as stabilizer. The size, shape, component and spectral property of CdSe/CdS/Cys nanocrystals were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDX), infrared spectrum (IR) and photoluminescence (PL). The results showed that the spherical CdSe/CdS/Cys nanocrystals with an average diameter of 2.3 nm have favorable fluorescent property, theirs photostability and fluorescence intensity are enhanced greatly after overcoating with CdS. The cysteine modified on the surface of core/shell CdSe/CdS nanocrystals renders the nanocrystals water-soluble and biocompatible. Based on the fluorescence quenching of the nanocrystals in the presence of calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (ct-DNA), a fluorescence quenching method has been developed for the determination of ct-DNA by using the nanocrystals as a novel fluorescence probe. The pH value of the system was selected at pH 7.4, with excitation and emission wavelength at 380 and 522 nm, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the fluorescence quenching intensity of the system is linear with the concentration of ct-DNA in the range of 0.1-3.5 microg/mL (r=0.9987). The detection limit is 0.06 microg/mL. And two synthetic samples were analyzed satisfactorily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Huang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety (Fuzhou University), and Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
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Matsumoto E, Sekine SI, Akasaka R, Otta Y, Katsura K, Inoue M, Kaminishi T, Terada T, Shirouzu M, Yokoyama S. Structure of an N-terminally truncated selenophosphate synthetase from Aquifex aeolicus. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2008; 64:453-8. [PMID: 18540050 PMCID: PMC2496870 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309108012074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Selenophosphate synthetase (SPS) catalyzes the activation of selenide with ATP to synthesize selenophosphate, the reactive selenium donor for biosyntheses of both the 21st amino acid selenocysteine and 2-selenouridine nucleotides in tRNA anticodons. The crystal structure of an N-terminally (25 residues) truncated fragment of SPS (SPS-DeltaN) from Aquifex aeolicus has been determined at 2.0 A resolution. The structure revealed SPS to be a two-domain alpha/beta protein, with domain folds that are homologous to those of PurM-superfamily proteins. In the crystal, six monomers of SPS-DeltaN form a hexamer of 204 kDa, whereas the molecular weight estimated by ultracentrifugation was approximately 63 kDa, which is comparable to the calculated weight of the dimer (68 kDa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Matsumoto
- Systems and Structural Biology Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shun-ichi Sekine
- Systems and Structural Biology Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryogo Akasaka
- Systems and Structural Biology Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yumi Otta
- Systems and Structural Biology Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazushige Katsura
- Systems and Structural Biology Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mio Inoue
- Systems and Structural Biology Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kaminishi
- Systems and Structural Biology Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takaho Terada
- Systems and Structural Biology Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Systems and Structural Biology Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- Systems and Structural Biology Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Abstract
The concept of Lewis base activation of Lewis acids has been applied to the selenolactonization reaction. Through the use of substoichiometric amounts of Lewis bases with "soft" donor atoms (S, Se, P) significant rate enhancements over the background reaction are seen. Preliminary mechanistic investigations have revealed the resting state of the catalyst as well as the significance of a weak Brønsted acid promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Denmark
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subashini Asokan
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA
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49
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Pallan PS, Egli M. Selenium modification of nucleic acids: preparation of phosphoroselenoate derivatives for crystallographic phasing of nucleic acid structures. Nat Protoc 2007; 2:640-6. [PMID: 17406625 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2007.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes a simplified means of introducing an anomalously scattering atom into oligonucleotides by conventional solid-phase synthesis. Replacement of a nonbridging phosphate oxygen in the backbone with selenium is practically suitable for any nucleic acid. The resulting oligonucleotide P-diastereomers can be separated using anion exchange HPLC to yield diastereomerically pure phosphoroselenoates (PSes). The total time for the synthesis and ion-exchange HPLC separation of pure PSe is approximately 60 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep S Pallan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Yamago S, Yamada T, Ito H, Hara O, Mino Y, Yoshida JI. Combinatorial synthesis of an oligosaccharide library by using beta-bromoglycoside-mediated iterative glycosylation of selenoglycosides: rapid expansion of molecular diversity with simple building blocks. Chemistry 2006; 11:6159-74. [PMID: 16075449 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new method for constructing an oligosaccharide library composed of structurally defined oligosaccharides is presented based on an iterative glycosylation of selenoglycosides. Treatment of 2-acyl-protected selenoglycosides with bromine selectively generates beta-bromoglycosides, which serve as glycosyl cation equivalents in the oligosaccharide synthesis. Thus, the coupling of the bromoglycosides with another selenoglycoside affords the corresponding glycosylated selenoglycosides, which can be directly used to next glycosylation. The iteration of this sequence allows the synthesis of a variety of oligosaccharides including an elicitor active heptasaccharide. A characteristic feature of the iterative glycosylation is that glycosyl donors and acceptors with the same anomeric reactivity can be selectively coupled by activation of the glycosyl donor prior to coupling with the glycosyl acceptor. Therefore, same selenoglycosides can be used for both the glycosyl donors and the acceptors. This feature has been exemplified by a construction of an oligosaccharide library directed to elicitor-active oligosaccharides. The library composed of stereochemically defined oligoglucosides with considerable structural diversity can be constructed starting from simple selenoglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Yamago
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Japan.
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