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Dumitraș D, Gal E, Silvestru C, Pop A. Metal Complexes Containing Homoleptic Diorganoselenium(II) Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization and Investigation of Optical Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:792. [PMID: 38398544 PMCID: PMC10892405 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
[(Z)-2'-{2-C6H5-(4H)-oxazol-5-one}CHC6H4]2Se (5, L1) and [(Z)-4'-{2-C6H5-(4H)-oxazol-5-one}CHC6H4]2Se (6, L2) were prepared, structurally characterized and used as ligands to obtain new metal complexes of types [MX(Ln)] [L1: M = Ag, X = OTf (7); M = Au, X = Cl (13); L2: M = Ag, X = OTf (8); M = Au, X = Cl (14)], [(MX)2(Ln)] [M = Ag, X = OTf, L1 (9); L2 (10)], [ZnCl2(Ln)] [L1 (15); L2 (16)] and [Ag(Ln)][PF6] [L1 (11); L2 (12)]. The silver complexes 7 and 8 were ionic species (1:1 electrolytes) in a MeCN solution, while in the solid state, the triflate fragments were bonded to the silver cations. Similarly, the 2:1 complexes 9 and 10 were found to behave as 1:2 electrolytes in a MeCN solution, but single-crystal X-ray diffraction demonstrated that compound 9 showed the formation of a dimer in the solid state: a tetranuclear [Ag(OTf)]4 built through bridging triflate ligands was coordinated by two bridging organoselenium ligands through the nitrogen from the oxazolone ring and the selenium atoms in a 1κN:2κSe fashion. Supramolecular architectures supported by intermolecular C-H∙∙∙π, C-H∙∙∙O, Cl∙∙∙H and F∙∙∙H interactions were observed in compounds 4, 5 and 9. The compounds exhibited similar photophysical properties, with a bathochromic shift in the UV-Vis spectra caused by the position of the oxazolone ring on the phenyl ring attached to the selenium atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Dumitraș
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. Arany Janos 11, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Emese Gal
- Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Heterochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Str. Arany Janos 11, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristian Silvestru
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. Arany Janos 11, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Alexandra Pop
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. Arany Janos 11, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.D.); (C.S.)
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Mendrek B, Fus A, Klarzyńska K, Sieroń AL, Smet M, Kowalczuk A, Dworak A. Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxicity of Novel Thermoresponsive Star Copolymers of N, N'-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate and Hydroxyl-Bearing Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Methacrylate. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1255. [PMID: 30961179 PMCID: PMC6401879 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel, nontoxic star copolymers of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and hydroxyl-bearing oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA-OH) were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole) as the macroinitiator. Stars with molar masses from 100,000 g/mol to 257,000 g/mol and with various amounts of OEGMA-OH in the arms were prepared. As these polymers can find applications, e.g., as carriers of nucleic acids, drugs or antibacterial or antifouling agents, in this work, much attention has been devoted to exploring their solution behavior and their stimuli-responsive properties. The behavior of the stars was studied in aqueous solutions under various pH and temperature conditions, as well as in PBS buffer, in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and in organic solvents for comparison. The results indicated that increasing the content of hydrophilic OEGMA-OH units in the arms up to 10 mol% increased the cloud point temperature. For the stars with an OEGMA-OH content of 10 mol%, the thermo- and pH-responsivity was switched off. Since cytotoxicity experiments have shown that the obtained stars are less toxic than homopolymer DMAEMA stars, the presented studies confirmed that the prepared polymers are great candidates for the design of various nanosystems for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mendrek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Fus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Klarzyńska
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Aleksander L Sieroń
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Mario Smet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan, 200F, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium.
| | - Agnieszka Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Dworak
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
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Wang Z, Su HF, Wang XP, Zhao QQ, Tung CH, Sun D, Zheng LS. Johnson Solids: Anion-Templated Silver Thiolate Clusters Capped by Sulfonate. Chemistry 2017; 24:1640-1650. [PMID: 29205568 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonates were incorporated into six novel high-nuclearity silver(I) thiolate clusters under the guidance of anion templates varied from S2- , SO42- , α-[Mo5 O18 ]6- , β-[Mo5 O18 ]6- , [Mo2 O8 ]4- , to [Mo4 O14 (SO4 )]6- . Single crystal X-ray analysis revealed that SD/Ag1, SD/Ag3, SD/Ag5, and SD/Ag6 are discrete [S@Ag60 ], [α-Mo5 O18 @Ag36 ], [Mo2 O8 @Ag30 ]2 , and [Mo4 O14 (SO4 )@Ag73 ] clusters, respectively, whereas SD/Ag2 and SD/Ag4 are one-dimensional (1D) chains based on the [SO4 @Ag20 ] and [β-Mo5 O18 @Ag36 ] cluster subunits, respectively. Their silver skeletons are protected exteriorly by thiolates and sulfonates and interiorly supported by diverse anions as templates. Structurally, cluster SD/Ag1 is a typical core-shell structure comprised of an inner Ag12 cuboctahedron and an outer Ag48 shell. The sulfate-templated drum-like Ag20 cluster subunits are bridged by PhSO3- to give a 1D chain of SD/Ag2. Complex SD/Ag3 and SD/Ag4 are spindle-like Ag36 clusters with isomeric [Mo5 O18 ]6- inside, and the latter is further extended to a 1D chain through PhSO3- bridges. A pair of [Mo2 O8 ]4- templated gourd-like Ag30 clusters are dimerized in a head-to-head fashion to form SD/Ag5. Complex SD/Ag6 is the largest cluster in this family and doubly templated by unprecedented [Mo4 O14 (SO4 )]6- anions. Geometrically, the silver shells of SD/Ag1-SD/Ag5 show the polyhedral features of Johnson solids, instead of the usual Platonic or Archimedean solids. Solution behaviors and luminescent properties were also investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Feng Su
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Po Wang
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Qin Zhao
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Di Sun
- Key Lab for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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Chen Y, Zhao H, Schuck P, Wistow G. Solution properties of γ-crystallins: compact structure and low frictional ratio are conserved properties of diverse γ-crystallins. Protein Sci 2013; 23:76-87. [PMID: 24214907 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
γ-crystallins are highly specialized proteins of the vertebrate eye lens where they survive without turnover under high molecular crowding while maintaining transparency. They share a tightly folded structural template but there are striking differences among species. Their amino acid compositions are unusual. Even in mammals, γ-crystallins have high contents of sulfur-containing methionine and cysteine, but this reaches extremes in fish γM-crystallins with up to 15% Met. In addition, fish γM-crystallins do not conserve the paired tryptophan residues found in each domain in mammalian γ-crystallins and in the related β-crystallins. To gain insight into important, evolutionarily conserved properties and functionality of γ-crystallins, zebrafish (Danio rerio) γM2b and γM7 were compared with mouse γS and human γD. For all four proteins, far UV CD spectra showed the expected β-sheet secondary structure. Like the mammalian proteins, γM7 was highly soluble but γM2b was much less so. The heat and denaturant stability of both fish proteins was lower than either mammalian protein. The ability of full-length and truncated versions of human αB-crystallin to retard aggregation of the heat denatured proteins also showed differences. However, when solution behavior was investigated by sedimentation velocity experiments, the diverse γ-crystallins showed remarkably similar hydrodynamic properties with low frictional ratios and partial specific volumes. The solution behavior of γ-crystallins, with highly compact structures suited for the densely packed environment of the lens, seems to be highly conserved and appears largely independent of amino acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Chen
- Section on Molecular Structure and Functional Genomics, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-0608
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