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Wang L, Wang Z, Chen Y, Cao J. Effects of monochromatic light on hepatic glycogen and lipid synthesis in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103193. [PMID: 37931402 PMCID: PMC10654228 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal growth is closely related to glycolipid metabolism, and the liver is the main organ for glycogen storage and fat synthesis in birds, but whether monochromatic light affects glycogen and lipid synthesis in the liver is unclear. Therefore, in this study, a total of 96 Arbor Acre (AA) broilers at posthatching d 0 (P0) were raised under 4 kinds of light-emitting diode (LED) lights, white light (WL), red light (RL), green light (GL), and blue light (BL), to posthatching d 21 (P21) and 35 (P35). The results showed that the liver, abdominal fat, and abdominal fat indices gradually increased with increasing age under monochromatic light treatments. The liver glycogen and triglyceride (TG) contents also showed an increasing trend. Furthermore, compared with those at P21, the mRNA levels of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and protein kinase B (AKT1) in the liver were increased in the WL and RL groups at P35, and the mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and apolipoprotein B (APOB) increased in all groups at P35. At the same time, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) contents increased in all groups at P35 compared with those at P21. In addition, at P21, compared with WL, GL and BL promoted the serum glucose (GLU) and TG contents by increasing the mRNA levels of GS, GSK-3β, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC), ACC, and fatty acid synthase (FAS), but no effect on the proliferative ability and damage of hepatocytes. At P35, RL promoted the hepatic glycogen and TG contents by increasing GSK-3β, AKT1, ACC, and APOB mRNA levels, and the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were increased than in the WL group. These results suggest that the effects of light color on liver glycogen and lipid synthesis in broilers changed with age, and also provide a theoretical guidance for scientific use of color of light information to improve productive performance in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Tan Z, Sun J, Liu X, Liu J, Wang S. Interactions between color and intensity of LED light on growth performance, serum biochemical profile, immune response variable, and nutrient apparent utilization in broiler chicken. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13717. [PMID: 35445771 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of light-emitting diode (LED) color and intensity of broilers. One-day-old Cobb-500 broilers (n = 648) were fed nine groups with six replicates; three light colors (white, blue, & green) and intensities (for 1 to 7 days, viz., 20, 40, and 60 lx; for 8 to 42 days, viz., 5, 10, and 15 lx) were applied. Test lasted for 42 days. Results indicated that compared with blue light, 60-lx white light for 1 to 7 days increased the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers (p < 0.01). In the 10-lx light groups, the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the concentrations of albumin (ALB) (p < 0.05) increased. Moreover, the nutrient apparent utilization for ether extract (EE) under 10-lx green light was higher than that under 15-lx blue light (p < 0.01). The interaction effects of light intensity and light color had an extremely significant influence on the ADG for 1 to 7 days, IL-2 level, ALB content, and EE apparent utilization rate (p < 0.01) and had a significant influence on the ADFI and F/G for 1 to 7 days (p < 0.05). The production performance of broilers reared in three-layer cage could be improved by using 60-lx white LED light for 1 to 7 days and 5- to 10-lx green LED light or 10-lx white LED light for 8 to 42 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinling Sun
- College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shubai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Qin X, Liu X, Yan X, Long M, Wang Z, Dong Y, Chen Y, Cao J. Melatonin mediates monochromatic light-induced expression of somatostatin in the hypothalamus and pituitary of chicks. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101285. [PMID: 34229215 PMCID: PMC8261012 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) plays an important role in regulating growth and development of organisms and the cellular metabolism. This study was conducted to explore the role of MEL in mediating monochromatic light-induced secretion of somatostatin (SST) in the hypothalamus and pituitary in chicks. Pinealectomy models of newly hatched broilers were exposed to white (WL), red (RL), green (GL), and blue (BL) lights. The results showed that SST immunoreactive neurons and fibers were distributed in the hypothalamus. SST and SST receptor 2 (SSTR2) mRNA and protein levels in the hypothalamus and pituitary were higher in chicks exposed to RL than in chicks exposed to GL and BL. However, after pinealectomy, the mRNA and protein levels of SST and SSTR2 in the hypothalamus and pituitary in the different light groups were increased, and the differences between the groups disapeared. The expression trend of SSTR5 mRNA in the pituitary was the idential to that of SSTR2 mRNA in the pituitary. In vitro, exogenous SST inhibited growth hormone (GH) secretion, and selective antogonists of SSTR2 and SSTR5 promoted GH secretion. Selective antogonists of the melatonin receptor 1b (Mel1b) and Mel1c increased the relative concentrations of SST in the adenohypophysis cells. These results indicated that monochromatic light affects the expression of SST in chick hypothalamus and pituitary. MEL, via Mel1b and Mel1c, decreased SST secretion under GL, which was associated with the inhibition of SST, SSTR2, and SSTR5 in adenohypophysis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Qin
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingyue Yan
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meizhen Long
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Wang P, Sun Y, Li Y, Fan J, Zong Y, Isa AM, Shi L, Wang Y, Ni A, Ge P, Jiang L, Bian S, Ma H, Yuan Z, Liu X, Chen J. Monochromatic green light stimulation during incubation shortened the hatching time via pineal function in White Leghorn eggs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:17. [PMID: 33531070 PMCID: PMC7856796 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effect of monochromatic green light illumination on embryo development has been reported in chickens. The avian pineal gland is an important photo-endocrine organ formed by a mediodorsal protrusion during embryonic development. However, the involvement of pineal gland in the light transduction process remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the influence of monochromatic green light on hatching time and explored the possible mechanism via pineal function. Results A total of 600 eggs of White Leghorn (Shaver strain) were incubated under photoperiods of either 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness using monochromatic green light (12L:12D group) or 24 h of darkness (0L:24D group) for 18 d. Compared to 0L:24D group, the green light stimulation shortened the hatching time without extending the hatch window or impairing hatchability. The liver of embryos incubated in the 12L:12D light condition was heavier than those of the 0L:24D group on d 21 post incubation which may be linked to the observed increase in the serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1); primary secretion of the liver. Histological structure analysis of pineal gland demonstrated that the light stimulation increased follicle area, wall thickness and lumen area on d 10 and d 12 post incubation. Rhythmic function analysis demonstrated that three clock related genes (brain and muscle ARNT-like-1, BMAL1; circadian locomotor output cycles kaput, CLOCK; and cryptochrome-1, CRY1) and a melatonin rate-limiting enzyme related gene (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, AANAT) were rhythmically expressed in the pineal gland of the 12L:12D group, but not in the 0L:24D group. Simultaneously, the light stimulation also increased the concentration of melatonin (MT), which was linked to hepatocyte proliferation and IGF-1 secretion in previous studies. Conclusions The 12L:12D monochromatic green light stimulation during incubation shortened hatching time without impairing hatching performance. Pineal gland’s early histological development and maturation of its rhythmic function were accelerated by the light stimulation. It may be the key organ in the photo-endocrine axis that regulates embryo development, and the potential mechanism could be through enhanced secretion of MT in the 12L:12D group which promotes the secretion of IGF-1. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-020-00539-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panlin Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunlei Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunhe Zong
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Adamu Mani Isa
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanmei Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Aixin Ni
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pingzhuang Ge
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shixiong Bian
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhengdong Yuan
- Beijing DQY Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Jilan Chen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Dishon L, Avital-Cohen N, Zaguri S, Bartman J, Heiblum R, Druyan S, Porter TE, Gumulka M, Rozenboim I. In ovo green light photostimulation during the late incubation stage affects somatotropic axis activity. Poult Sci 2020; 100:467-473. [PMID: 33518098 PMCID: PMC7858043 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted green light photostimulation during the last stage of broiler incubation increases expression of the somatotropic axis. The purpose of this study was to further shorten the in ovo green light photostimulation and determine the critical age for photostimulation in broilers embryos, as a future strategy for broiler incubation. Fertile broilers eggs (n = 420) were divided into 5 treatment groups. The first group was incubated under standard conditions (in the dark) as the negative control group. The second was incubated under intermittent monochromatic green light using light-emitting diode lamps with an intensity of 0.1 W/m2 at shell level from embryonic day (ED) 0 of incubation until hatch, as a positive control. The third, fourth, and fifth groups were incubated under intermittent monochromatic green light from ED 15, 16, and 18 of incubation, respectively, until hatch. All treatment groups showed elevated somatotropic axis expression compared with the negative control, with the group incubated under monochromatic green light from ED 18 until hatch showing results closest to the positive control. This suggests that broiler embryos can be exposed to in ovo green light photostimulation from a late stage of incubation (when transferring the eggs to the hatchery) and exhibit essentially the same outcome as obtained by photostimulation during the entire incubation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dishon
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - N Avital-Cohen
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - S Zaguri
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - J Bartman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - R Heiblum
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - S Druyan
- Institute of Animal Science, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - T E Porter
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA
| | - M Gumulka
- Department of Swine and Small Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - I Rozenboim
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Endogenous and Exogenous Melatonin Exposure Attenuates Hepatic MT 1 Melatonin Receptor Protein Expression in Rat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090408. [PMID: 31540398 PMCID: PMC6770540 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin receptors are highly relevant for the hepatoprotective effects of the pineal hormone melatonin after experimental hemorrhagic shock in rats. In this study, we sought to determine the spatial expression pattern and a putative regulation of two melatonin receptors, membrane bound type 1 and 2 (MT1 and MT2), in the liver of rats. In a male rat model (Sprague Dawley) of hemorrhage and resuscitation, we investigated the gene expression and protein of MT1 and MT2 in rat liver by utilizing real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, a western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Plasma melatonin content was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Male rats underwent hemorrhage and were resuscitated with shed blood and a Ringer’s solution (n = 8 per group). After 90 min of hemorrhage, animals were given vehicle, melatonin, or ramelteon (each 1.0 mg/kg intravenously). Sham-operated controls did not undergo hemorrhage but were treated likewise. Plasma melatonin was significantly increased in all groups treated with melatonin and also after hemorrhagic shock. Only MT1, but not the MT2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein, was detected in the rat liver. The MT1 protein was located in pericentral fields of liver lobules in sham-operated animals. After hemorrhagic shock and treatment with melatonin or ramelteon, the hepatic MT1 protein amount was significantly attenuated in all groups compared to sham controls (50% reduction; p < 0.001). With respect to MT1 mRNA, no significant changes were observed between groups (p = 0.264). Our results indicate that both endogenous melatonin exposure from hemorrhagic shock, as well as exogenous melatonin and ramelteon exposure, may attenuate melatonin receptors in rat hepatocytes, possibly by means of desensitization.
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Yue L, Qin X, Liu X, Wang Z, Dong Y, Chen Y, Cao J. Melatonin Receptor Mel1b- and Mel1c-mediated Green Light Induced the Secretion of Growth Hormone in Anterior Pituitary of Chicks. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1387-1394. [PMID: 31111492 DOI: 10.1111/php.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found that melatonin was related to the growth and development in avian. Therefore, the newly hatched broilers were exposed to colors of light to establish a model of pinealectomy and explored the mechanism of pineal melatonin promoting growth hormone (GH) secretion. The results showed that green light (GL) promoted the levels of GH, pituitary-specific transcription factor-1 (Pit-1) genes and proteins in pituitary. Moreover, the mRNA and protein levels of melatonin receptor subtypes Mel1b and Mel1c in the pituitary in GL were higher than other monochromatic light groups. After pinealectomy, the expression of Pit-1, GH, Mel1b and Mel1c in pituitary decreased. In vitro, exogenous melatonin promoted the level of Pit-1 mRNA and the secretion of GH in anterior pituitary cells. However, when melatonin was added with exogenous selective Mel1b antagonist (4-phenyl-2-propionamideotetralin) and selective Mel1c antagonist (prazosin), the level of Pit-1 mRNA and the GH secretion decreased. When selective Mel1b and Mel1c antagonists were added simultaneously, the decrease in Pit-1 mRNA and GH secretion was more significant. These results indicated that pineal melatonin promotes the expression of Pit-1 under GL by binding to melatonin receptor subtypes Mel1b and Mel1c in the pituitary, thereby increasing GH secretion and promoting the growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yue
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Qin
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
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Elbeltagy AR, Bertolini F, Fleming DS, Van Goor A, Ashwell CM, Schmidt CJ, Kugonza DR, Lamont SJ, Rothschild MF. Natural Selection Footprints Among African Chicken Breeds and Village Ecotypes. Front Genet 2019; 10:376. [PMID: 31139205 PMCID: PMC6518202 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural selection is likely a major factor in shaping genomic variation of the African indigenous rural chicken, driving the development of genetic footprints. Selection footprints are expected to be associated with adaptation to locally prevailing environmental stressors, which may include diverse factors as high altitude, disease resistance, poor nutrition, oxidative and heat stresses. To determine the existence of a selection footprint, 268 birds were randomly sampled from three indigenous ecotypes from East Africa (Rwanda and Uganda) and North Africa (Baladi), and two registered Egyptian breeds (Dandarawi and Fayoumi). Samples were genotyped using the chicken Affymetrix 600K Axiom® Array. A total of 494,332 SNPs were utilized in the downstream analysis after implementing quality control measures. The intra-population runs of homozygosity (ROH) that occurred in >50% of individuals of an ecotype or in >75% of a breed were studied. To identify inter-population differentiation due to genetic structure, FST was calculated for North- vs. East-African populations and Baladi and Fayoumi vs. Dandarawi for overlapping windows (500 kb with a step-size of 250 kb). The ROH and FST mapping detected several selective sweeps on different autosomes. Results reflected selection footprints of the environmental stresses, breed behavior, and management. Intra-population ROH of the Egyptian chickens showed selection footprints bearing genes for adaptation to heat, solar radiation, ion transport and immunity. The high-altitude-adapted East-African populations' ROH showed a selection signature with genes for angiogenesis, oxygen-heme binding and transport. The neuroglobin gene (GO:0019825 and GO:0015671) was detected on a Chromosome 5 ROH of Rwanda-Uganda ecotypes. The sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter, SLC6A2 on a Chromosome 11 ROH in Fayoumi breed may reflect its active behavior. Inter-population FST among Egyptian populations reflected genetic mechanisms for the Fayoumi resistance to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), while FST between Egyptian and Rwanda-Uganda populations indicated the Secreted frizzled related protein 2, SFRP2, (GO:0009314) on Chromosome 4, that contributes to melanogenic activity and most likely enhances the Dandarawi chicken adaptation to high-intensity of solar radiation in Southern Egypt. These results enhance our understanding of the natural selection forces role in shaping genomic structure for adaptation to the stressful African conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Elbeltagy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Production Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Damarius S Fleming
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Angelica Van Goor
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Institute of Food Production and Sustainability, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Chris M Ashwell
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Carl J Schmidt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Donald R Kugonza
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Max F Rothschild
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Mel1c Mediated Monochromatic Light-Stimulated IGF-I Synthesis through the Intracellular G αq/PKC/ERK Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071682. [PMID: 30987295 PMCID: PMC6480035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that monochromatic light affects plasma melatonin (MEL) levels, which in turn regulates hepatic insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) secretion via the Mel1c receptor. However, the intracellular signaling pathway initiated by Mel1c remains unclear. In this study, newly hatched broilers, including intact, sham operation, and pinealectomy groups, were exposed to either white (WL), red (RL), green (GL), or blue (BL) light for 14 days. Experiments in vivo showed that GL significantly promoted plasma MEL formation, which was accompanied by an increase in the MEL receptor, Mel1c, as well as phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK1/2), and IGF-I expression in the liver, compared to the other light-treated groups. In contrast, this GL stimulation was attenuated by pinealectomy. Exogenous MEL elevated the hepatocellular IGF-I level, which is consistent with increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), Gαq, phosphorylated protein kinase C (p-PKC), and p-ERK1/2 expression. However, the Mel1c selective antagonist prazosin suppressed the MEL-induced expression of IGF-I, Gαq, p-PKC, and p-ERK1/2, while the cAMP concentration was barely affected. In addition, pretreatment with Ym254890 (a Gαq inhibitor), Go9863 (a PKC inhibitor), and PD98059 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor) markedly attenuated MEL-stimulated IGF-I expression and p-ERK1/2 activity. These results indicate that Mel1c mediates monochromatic GL-stimulated IGF-I synthesis through intracellular Gαq/PKC/ERK signaling.
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