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Trakarnboonkij J, Tanya S, Sarideechaigul W, Subarnbhesaj A, Tabbon P, Sattayut S. Case Report: Recalcitrant oral lichen planus involving bilaterally buccal mucosae treated with a combination of photodynamic and photobiomodulation therapies. F1000Res 2024; 13:152. [PMID: 38854440 PMCID: PMC11162524 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.146733.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Managing recalcitrant oral lichen planus (OLP) can be challenging. Laser therapy has been suggested as an alternative to corticosteroids for treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive technique that enables the removal of lesions without surgery. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) can promote healing and recovery of the lesions. Case presentation The objective was to treat unresponsive bilateral OLP of the whole buccal mucosae with a combination of PDT and PBMT. Results A 43-year-old Thai male presented with the severe painful reticular type of OLP of bilateral buccal mucosae involving upper and lower vestibular areas. The lesions were not remitted with either prednisolone systemic steroids or fluocinolone topical corticosteroids. After undergoing ten sessions of PDT with 10% 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in the form of thermoplastic gel and a 635 nm diode laser at 100 to 400 mW with an energy density of 20 to 30 J/cm 2 in continuous wave mode, combined with five interim-sessions of PBMT using a 635 nm diode laser at 200 to 300 mW with an energy density of 6 to 10 J/cm 2 in continuous wave, the patient reported relief of burning sensation beside remission of lesions without any complications. Conclusion The wide-spreading recalcitrant OLP with burning sensation can be managed by combining PDT and PBMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthamast Trakarnboonkij
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Khon Kaen University, Nai Mueang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Lasers in Dentistry Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Nai Mueang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Suwat Tanya
- Lasers in Dentistry Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Nai Mueang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wilairat Sarideechaigul
- Department of Oral Biomedical Science, Khon Kaen University, Nai Mueang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Ajiravudh Subarnbhesaj
- Department of Oral Biomedical Science, Khon Kaen University, Nai Mueang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Peera Tabbon
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Nai Mueang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sajee Sattayut
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Khon Kaen University, Nai Mueang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Lasers in Dentistry Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Nai Mueang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Alqahtani MA. Conditioning of PEEK Implant Abutment Surfaces Using Photodynamic Therapy, Nd:YAG Laser, and Conventional Methods to Evaluate Shear Bond Strength. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:90-95. [PMID: 38112690 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study was done to evaluate shear bond strength (SBS) and modes of failures after different surface treatment modalities on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implant abutments. Materials and methods: Seventy-five PEEK implant abutment specimens were randomly distributed into five groups based on surface treatment methods: Group I: No treatment, Group II: methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT), Group III: neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, Group IV: Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and Group V: Sandblasting (Sb). The measurements for SBS and failure modes for PEEK implant abutment specimens were evaluated via Universal Testing Machine and Stereomicroscope, respectively. Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test (p > 0.05) were used for the statistical analysis. Moreover, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was also performed for normality. Results: The SBS mean values and standard deviations in megapascals (MPa) for PEEK abutment specimens with different surface pretreatment groups are shown in Table 1 and Fig. 1. The control group had the lowest SBS (9.67 ± 2.1 MPa), while the highest SBS was observed in Group II (MB-PDT; 17.21 ± 1.32 MPa). SBS values for Group IV (H2SO4; 15.83 ± 0.63 MPa) and Group III (Nd:YAG laser; 16.91 ± 2.10 MPa) were similar to Group II (MB-PDT; p > 0.05). The SBS values for the sandblasted specimens (13.90 ± 1.87 MPa) were not significantly different from the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The PEEK implant abutment surfaces treated with MB-PDT and Nd:YAG laser expressed significantly improved SBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ayedh Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Qamar Z, Abdul NS, Soman C, Shenoy M, Bamousa B, Rabea S, Albahkaly HS. Clinical and radiographic peri-implant outcomes with riboflavin loaded Poly-L-glycolic acid nanoparticles incorporated in aloe-vera gel treating peri-implantitis in chronic hyperglycemic patients. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103752. [PMID: 37595657 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objective of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) versus Poly-L-glycolic acid nanoparticles loaded riboflavin incorporated in aloe vera gel (PGA/RF/AV) on periimplant parameters and bacterial counts in chronic hyperglycemic patients having periimplantitis. METHODS One hundred and two diabetic patients undergoing mechanical debridement (MD) were equally divided into three groups: Group 1: PGA/RF/AV+ MD, Group 2: PDT + MD, and Group 3: MD alone. Periimplant parameters [Bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), marginal bone level (MBL)] were recorded in all three groups. Periimplant plaque samples were studied to record the levels of Tannerella forsythia (Tf) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). The recordings were taken at baseline, 3 months and 6 months post treatment. RESULTS All three groups showed a reduction in severity of periimplantitis measured in terms of PD, PI, MBL and BoP. A statistically significant reduction in PD, PI and MBL was found in patients in Group 2 whereas participants of Group 1 were found to have a significant decrease in BoP. A statistically significant decline in the numbers of both the bacterial species was seen in Group 2 at the three-month follow-up whereas at the six-month follow-up, a statistically significant reduction was observed in treatment Group 2 in the levels of Tf species only. CONCLUSION Riboflavin-loaded nanocarrier incorporated in aloe vera gel showed greater clinical efficacy than PDT alone in the treatment of periimplantitis in chronic hyperglycemic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Qamar
- Department of O&MFS and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nishath Sayed Abdul
- Department of OMFS and Diagnostic Sciences (Oral Pathology), Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cristalle Soman
- Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Radiologist, Department of OMFS & DOS, Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahesh Shenoy
- Department of OMFS and Diagnostic Sciences (Oral Pathology), Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Bamousa
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Rabea
- Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Gulzar MA, Gul N, Alvi FD, Khattak YR, Hasan US, Haneef MB, Ahmad I. Comparison of photodynamic therapy and corticosteroid therapy in management of oral lichen planus: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103747. [PMID: 37567329 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an effective therapy for various dermatology conditions, including oral lichen planus (OLP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PDT in managing OLP and to compare its effectiveness with corticosteroid therapy (CST). MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive electronic search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, utilizing databases such as PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, X-mole, and Dimensions. The inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) that included patients with OLP undergoing treatment with PDT and CST, with no limitations on sample size or patient age. RESULTS Out of 197 studies identified, only 8 met the inclusion criteria, involving 210 patients (104 in Group I: PDT, 106 in Group II: CST), with a female to male ratio of 3.75. Three studies reported OLP lesion numbers, six studies described lesion types, and five studies provided lesion location information. The efficacy of both PDT and CST was assessed using lesion size, pain, Thongprasom sign (ThS) scoring, efficacy index (EI), and clinical severity index (CSI). The limited and inconsistent reporting of data hindered to conduct a meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS PDT effectively treats OLP lesions, leading to significant symptom reduction and improved functionality. However, limited relevant RCTs and heterogeneous data reporting hinder definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of PDT compared to CTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Assad Gulzar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Neelam Gul
- Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar, Pakistan.
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Elsadek MF. Effectiveness of two photosensitizer-mediated photodynamic therapy for treating moderate peri-implant infections in type-II diabetes mellitus patients: A randomized clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103643. [PMID: 37270045 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the impact of Fox Green (FG) against methylthioninium chloride (MTC)-facilitated photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunctive to manual scaling (MS) on the peri‑implant clinical and cytokine parameters in type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with peri‑implantitis. METHODS Patients were divided into group-A comprising 13 patients who received adjunctive FG-PDT using a diode laser (wavelength: 810 nm; irradiation power: 300 mW; irradiation time: 30 s; fluence: 56 Jcm-2), group-B comprising 12 patients who received adjunctive MTC-PDT using a diode laser (wavelength: 660 nm; irradiation power: 100 mW; irradiation time: 120 s/site; fluence: 30 Jcm-2), and group-C comprising 13 patients who received MS alone [control group]). After diagnosing the diabetics with peri‑implantitis (established on eligibility criteria), a structured questionnaire was used to gather the information of the participants. Plaque (PS) and bleeding scores (BS), along with peri‑implant probing scores (PPS) and peri‑implant bone loss (PIBL), together with immunological variables (interleukin [IL]-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], and advanced glycation end products [AGEs]) were measured in all study group participants at baseline, 3-month, and 6-month follow-ups. RESULTS A significant reduction was observed for PS, BS, and PPS within all tested groups at each follow-up visits compared from their baseline values (p<0.05). However, a substantial decrease in PIBL was observed in all study group patients at 6-month follow-up as compared to 3-month follow-up (p<0.05). Regarding the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, a substantial reduction was observed in all study groups until 6-month from their baseline scores (p<0.05). However, no changes were observed in the levels of AGEs in any group at either visit (p>0.05). CONCLUSION In DM patients with periimplantitis, adjunctive FG-PDT and MTC-PDT exhibited comparable outcomes in terms of peri‑implant clinical as well as pro-inflammatory characteristics than MS alone among peri‑implantitis patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Farouk Elsadek
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Kheraif AA, Javed R, Al-Momani MM, Wasi A, Mohamed BA, Khan AA. Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy on clinical and biomarker related periodontal parameters and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Parkinson's disease patients with stage III periodontitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103690. [PMID: 37422202 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the clinical, radiographic, immune modulatory biomarkers and quality of life with the application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunctive treatment to dental scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with chronic periodontitis and Parkinson's disease. METHODOLOGY Individuals who had a confirmed diagnosis of stage III periodontitis and stage 4 Parkinson's disease according to Hoehn and Yahr scale were involved in this study. The participants were divided into two groups: Group SRP (n = 25) received traditional dental scaling procedure including full-mouth debridement and disinfection, and Group PDT + SRP (n = 25) received both traditional cleaning procedures along with adjunctive chloro‑aluminum phthalocyanine (CAPC) gel (0.005% concentration) mediated PDT. CAPC photosensitizer was activated using a diode laser (wavelength=640 nm, energy=4 J, 150 mW power, and overall power density of 300 J/cm2) for 60 s. The study measured clinical parameters such as plaque score (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and radiographic alveolar bone loss (ABL). Proinflammatory cytokine levels such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and oral health related quality of life were also assessed. RESULTS The mean age of patients in Group SRP was 73.3 years, while the mean age in Group PDT + SRP was 71.6 years. The PDT + SRP group showed a significant reduction in all clinical parameters at 6 and 12 months compared to the SRP group alone (p < 0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly reduced in the PDT + SRP group at 6 months compared to the SRP group alone (p < 0.05). However, at 12 months, both groups showed comparable TNF-α levels. The results showed that Group PDT + SRP had significantly lower OHIP scores compared to Group SRP, with a mean difference of 4.55 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98 to 7.12) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Combined SRP with PDT showed significant improvement compared to SRP alone in terms of clinical parameters, cytokine levels, and oral health-related quality of life in individuals diagnosed with stage III periodontitis associated with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A Al-Kheraif
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ravish Javed
- Biomedical Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mahmoud Al-Momani
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Wasi
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badreldin A Mohamed
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmed Khan
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Panchal KG, Gupta E, Kumar A, Samir PV, Devika GS, Awasthi V, Singh R. Comparing the Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Topical Steroid Therapy Combination Regimen With Routine Topical Steroid Therapy in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus Symptomatic Patients. Cureus 2023; 15:e44100. [PMID: 37750131 PMCID: PMC10518139 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP), a wide range of therapeutic approaches have been suggested. To minimize discomfort and symptoms among individuals with symptomatic OLP, extensive therapy is frequently needed. Therefore, finding a new therapeutic approach that may effectively manage OLP's symptoms and signs while having few adverse effects continues to be a difficult task. Recently, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has become a popular alternative therapy option for OLP with no serious side effects. AIM The present research was designed to compare the effectiveness of a combination regimen of LLLT in addition to topical steroids with routine topical steroid therapy separately in order to manage patients with bothersome OLP with an extended period of follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our trial, 60 patients were chosen and given sequential numbers as they signed up to take part. The participants were divided randomly into two categories: category A (LLLT plus topical steroids) and category B (only topical steroids). The data were entered into the aforementioned prepared case template after receiving informed consent. The aforementioned prepared case template included the following criteria for evaluating the result of the treatment: pain, recurrence, burning sensation, clinical remission, and size of the lesion. Applying the visual analog scale (VAS), pain, as well as burning sensations, were assessed in both categories. With the aid of the Electronic Digital Vernier Caliper (Mitutoyo, China), these individuals were assessed for the dimension of the lesion. RESULTS The pain score on day 21 of intervention in category A was 2.5, while it was 4.63 in category B. The difference in findings was significant statistically at day 21 (p = 0.0032). The pain score on day 28 of intervention in category A was 1.3, while it was 3.0 in category B. The difference in findings was significant statistically at day 28 (p = 0.003). The pain score was greater in the control category as compared to the intervention category. The burning sensation score on day 21 of intervention in category A was 2.5, while it was 4.5 in category B. The difference in findings was significant statistically (p = 0.0024). The burning sensation score at the follow-up phase on day 45 of intervention in category A was 1.1, while it was 3.4 in category B. The difference in findings was significant statistically (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Newer therapeutic techniques are becoming accessible to oral specialists for controlling oral mucosal disorders as a result of evolving dental trends. The gold standard for treating people with symptomatic OLP continues to be topical corticosteroids. The therapeutic advantages of topical corticosteroids, however, are considerably outweighed by their complementary effect when paired with newer treatment methods like LLLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalagi G Panchal
- Department of Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Siddhpur Dental College and Hospital, Patan, IND
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | - P V Samir
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - G S Devika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Cherraans College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, IND
| | - Vijaya Awasthi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Gentle Dental Care, Jabalpur, IND
| | - Ramanpal Singh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Bilaspur, IND
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Hanna R, Dalvi S, Tomov G, Hopper C, Rebaudi F, Rebaudi AL, Bensadoun RJ. Emerging potential of phototherapy in management of symptomatic oral lichen planus: A systematic review of randomised controlled clinical trials. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023:e202300046. [PMID: 37017292 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy incorporating photobiomodulation therapy and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy has been utilised as antioxidants in symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP) management; however, its role of intervention remains controversial. The aim of this systematic review of CRD42021227788 PROSPERO (an international prospective register of systematic reviews in health and social care) registration number was to oversee and determine phototherapy efficacy in patients with symptomatic OLP, identifying and bridging the literature gaps by proposing recommendations for future studies. A search strategy was developed in consistent with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Various electronic databases were exercised to search for randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Several search engines were employed to analyse a total of 177 studies of which nine included. A wide range of utilised laser and light-emitted diode wavelengths between 630 and 808 nm and irradiance ranged between 10 and 13 mW/cm2 were noted. 67% of studies reported a high risk of bias and a high heterogeneity obtained from numerical data for quantitative analysis, therefore meta-analysis was impossible to conduct. Despite inconsistency and diversity in phototherapy parameters, treatment protocols, photosensitiser (type, concentration and method of application) and outcome assessment tools, the majority of the studies showed positive results compared with standard care treatments. Hence, a necessity to perform well-designed RCTs with robust methodology is warranted, after acknowledging the current drawbacks and addressing the suggested recommendations highlighted in our review. Moreover, advanced knowledge in understanding further phototherapy-antioxidants molecular mechanistic in symptomatic OLP is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Hanna
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Restorative and Dental Sciences, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rockefeller Building, London, UK
| | - Snehal Dalvi
- Department of Periodontology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - Georgi Tomov
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Colin Hopper
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Diagnostics, Medical and Surgical Sciences, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rockefeller Building, London, UK
| | - Federico Rebaudi
- Department of Expiremental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Luigi Rebaudi
- Department of Surgery and Implants, School of Dentistry, Universitat International de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Schuch LF, Schmidt TR, Kirschnick LB, de Arruda JAA, Champagnol D, Martins MAT, Santos-Silva AR, Lopes MA, Vargas PA, Bagnato VS, Kurachi C, Guerra ENS, Martins MD. Revisiting the evidence of photodynamic therapy for oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma: an overview of systematic reviews. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103531. [PMID: 36963644 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study summarized the available evidence about the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the management of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS An overview of systematic reviews was undertaken based on the 2020 PRISMA statement. Electronic searches were performed in five databases. Studies published up to November 2022 were included. Risk of bias was assessed with the AMSTAR 2 tool. RESULTS A total of 30 studies enrolling 9,245 individuals with OPMD (n=7,487) or OSCC (n=1,758) met the selection criteria. All studies examined the efficacy and/or safety of PDT. OPMD were investigated individually in 82.8% of the studies, the most common being oral lichen planus and actinic cheilitis. OSCC was addressed separately in 10.3% of the studies, while only 6.9% evaluated both OPMD and OSCC. Fourteen different types of photosensitizers were described. PDT was used according to the following setting parameters: 417-670 nm, 10-500 mW/cm2, 1.5-200 J/cm2, and 0.5-143 minutes. Regarding OPMD, leukoerythroplakia showed the best response rates, while oral lichen planus presented a partial or no response in nearly 75% of documented cases. A complete response was observed in 85.9% of OSCC cases, while 14.1% had no resolution. CONCLUSION Overall, the response to PDT depended on the type of OPMD/OSCC and the parameters used. Although PDT is an emerging candidate for the treatment of OPMD and OSCC, there is heterogeneity of the methodologies used and the clinical data obtained, particularly regarding the follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Frenzel Schuch
- Oral Diagnosis Departament, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Tuany Rafaeli Schmidt
- Departament of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Laura Borges Kirschnick
- Oral Diagnosis Departament, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Departament of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Champagnol
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antônio Trevizani Martins
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Oral Diagnosis Departament, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Oral Diagnosis Departament, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Oral Diagnosis Departament, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, São Carlos Institute of Physics, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Kurachi
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, São Carlos Institute of Physics, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Remmers RCPA, Neumann K. Reaching new lights: a review on photo-controlled nanomedicines and their in vivo evaluation. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1607-1624. [PMID: 36727448 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01621d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The selective and efficient delivery of bioactive molecules to sites of interest remains a formidable challenge in medicine. In recent years, it has been shown that stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems display several advantages over traditional drug administration such as an improved pharmacokinetic profile and the desirable ability to gain control over release. Light emerged as one of the most powerful stimuli due to its high biocompatibility, spatio-temporal control, and non-invasiveness. On the road to clinical translation, various chemical systems of high complexity have been reported with the aim to improve efficacy, safety, and versatility of drug delivery under complex biological conditions. For future research on the chemical design of such photo-controlled nanomedicines, it is essential to gain an understanding of their in vivo translation and efficiency. Here, we discuss photo-controlled nanomedicines that have been evaluated in vivo and provide an overview of the state-of-the-art that should guide future research design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik C P A Remmers
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Kevin Neumann
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Al-Ghamdi ARS, Khanam HK, Qamar Z, Abdul NS, Reddy N, Vempalli S, Noushad M, Alqahtani WMS. Therapeutic efficacy of adjunctive photodynamic therapy in the treatment of denture stomatitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103326. [PMID: 36773753 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present report assessed the efficacy of curcumin-mediated photodynamic therapy (CUR-mediated PDT) as an adjunct to antifungal gel treatment by evaluating the salivary interleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinases-8 (MMP-8) levels together with Candida species counts in denture stomatitis (DS) patients. METHODS In total, 50 DS subjects were randomly categorized into 2 groups: Group-1: subjects who received the antifungal gel treatment and Group-2: participants who received CUR-mediated PDT. The Sabourad Dextrose Agar and CHROMAgar were utilized for evaluating Candida species counts, while the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay was employed to estimate the salivary levels of IL-6 and MMP-8. All clinical evaluations were performed at the baseline, 1 month, and 2 months. RESULTS In total, group-2 subjects showed a significant decrease in Candida albicans (C. albicans) counts on both follow-ups (i.e., 1-month and 2-month) than group-1 participants. C. krusei count also reduced in group-2 subejcts than group-1 participants at the 2nd follow-up as compared to the baseline, nevertheless, a slight increase in C. krusei count was noticed in group-2 subjects at the 2nd follow-up than the 1st follow-up. The salivary IL-6 and MMP-8 levels in both groups reduced significantly at both follow-ups than the baseline. According to the stepwise logistic regression analysis, no statistically significant correlation was observed between Candida species count and other parameters such as age and gender of the patient, duration of DS, and frequency of treatment(s). CONCLUSION CUR-mediated PDT is an efficaciousness therapeutic modality for alleviating Candida species counts on the surface of denture and the palatal mucosa, as well as improving the salivary IL-6 and MMP-8 levels in DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahman Saeed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hm Khuthija Khanam
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zeeshan Qamar
- Department of O&MFS and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nishath Sayed Abdul
- Department of OMFS and Diagnostic Sciences (Oral Pathology), Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveen Reddy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Swetha Vempalli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Noushad
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Waleed M S Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine-mediated photodynamic therapy improves peri-implant parameters and crevicular fluid cytokine levels in cigarette smokers with chronic hyperglycemia. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 41:103309. [PMID: 36709015 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine-mediated photodynamic therapy (CAPC-PDT) as an adjunct to peri-implant mechanical debridement (PID) in the treatment of peri-implantitis in patients with chronic hyperglycemia and cigarette smoking. METHODS The selected participants with peri-implantitis were divided into two groups: Group I (n=15) included hyperglycemic patients with no history of smoking and Group II (n=15) included hyperglycemic patients with a history of smoking cigarettes. Both groups were further divided into two subgroups based on the type of therapy provided: PDT+PID and PID alone. Peri-implant bleeding on probing (PiBOP), peri-implant pocket depth (PiPD), peri-implant plaque scores (PiPS), and crestal bone loss (CBL) were assessed. Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was sampled for quantification of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All assessments were performed at baseline and at three and six months. RESULTS PDT+PID showed a higher reduction in PiBOP than PID alone in hyperglycemic/non-smoking participants (p<0.01). PDT+PID and PID show a significant reduction in PiBOP in smokers only at 6 months (p<0.05), with comparable differences between PDT+PID and PID (p>0.05). PDT+PID significantly reduced PiPD hyperglycemic/smoking patients at 3 and 6 months (p<0.05), whereas PID only produced a significant reduction in PiPD at 6 months in smoking patients (p<0.05). CBL alone with PDT+PID in both smokers and non-smokers showed a statistically significant reduction at 6 months follow-up (p<0.05). IL-1β was significantly reduced in hyperglycemic/non-smoking participants at 6 months follow-up with both PDT+PID and PID alone (p<0.01). This trend was also observed in cigarette smokers, with an additional short-term reduction in IL-1β at 3 months with PDT+PID (p<0.05). Only the PDT+PID group showed a significant reduction in TNF-a among cigarette smoking patients with chronic hyperglycemia at 6 months follow-up (p<0.05) CONCLUSION: Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine-mediated PDT proved effective in improving peri-implant clinical outcomes and reducing cytokine levels in smoking patients with chronic hyperglycemia.
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Sulewska ME, Tomaszuk J, Sajewicz E, Pietruski J, Starzyńska A, Pietruska M. Treatment of Reticular Oral Lichen Planus with Photodynamic Therapy: A Case Series. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030875. [PMID: 36769523 PMCID: PMC9917588 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to clinically evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in treatment of the reticular form of oral lichen planus (OLP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients aged 40-76, with 40 confirmed OLP lesions in total, underwent photodynamic therapy (PDT) following the authors' own protocol, which used 5% 5-aminolevulinic acid as a photosensitizer applied two hours prior to illumination with a diode lamp emitting light at 630 nm and 300 mW. The therapy comprised of 10 weekly illumination sessions and was clinically evaluated between its completion and the end of a 12-month follow-up. RESULTS While the baseline mean size of all 40 lesions was 2.74 ± 3.03 cm2, it was 2.97 ± 3.4 cm2 for the 30 lesions on the buccal mucosa and 2.02 ± 1.32 cm2 for the remaining 10 on the gingiva and tongue. On completion of the therapy, 37 sites improved, including 14 showing complete remission. From that point, the mean size reduction of 56.2% (1.2 ± 1.4 cm2) rose to 67.88% (0.88 ± 1.3 cm2) 12 months later. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that ALA-mediated photodynamic therapy was effective for the reticular form of OLP and may become an optional or complementary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ewa Sulewska
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jagoda Tomaszuk
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz Sajewicz
- Department of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Białystok University of Technology, ul. Wiejska 45c, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
| | - Jan Pietruski
- Dental Practice, ul. Waszyngtona 1/34, 15-269 Białystok, Poland
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Starzyńska
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pietruska
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, Poland
- Dental Practice, ul. Waszyngtona 1/34, 15-269 Białystok, Poland
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Oral immune-mediated disorders with malignant potential/association: An overview. Dis Mon 2023; 69:101349. [PMID: 35337657 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2022.101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A group of oral disorders or conditions, which may result from, or could be triggered by an abnormality in the normal immune response of an individual are known as oral immune-mediated disorders. Some of these disorders have malignant potential, while others are associated with malignancy. In this overview, we will discuss a few of the oral diseases (such as oral lichen planus, primary Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatitis herpetiformis, and linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis, to name a few), which are caused due to irregularity in the immune system and are either associated with malignancy or capable of undergoing malignant transforming, thereby increasing the morbidity and mortality rate.
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AlGhamdi AS, Qamar Z, AlSheikh R, Al Hinai MTA, Abdul NS, Aljoghaiman EA, Ali S. Clinical efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy versus topical antifungal agent and surgical excision for the treatment of hyperplastic candidiasis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103258. [PMID: 36592782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperplastic candidiasis (HC) is a chronic infection of oral mucosa caused by Candida. Owing to its potential for malignant transformation, its intervention requires attention. Conventional surgical resection might lead to irreversible damage and impact the patient's quality of life. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) alone and in combination with topical antifungal therapy (i.e., nystatin [combination therapy]) in comparison with nystatin and surgical resection for the treatment of HC. METHODS Forty subjects with clinical and histopathological diagnoses of HC were included in the study. Four study groups, with 10 participants each, were formed as follows: Group-I - receiving antifungal agent [nystatin]; Group-II - receiving surgical resection; Group-III - receiving PDT; and Group-IV - receiving 5-ALA-mediated PDT and nystatin [combination therapy]. Salivary and mucosal samples were collected for the quantification of Candida albicans and the treatment responses to different interventions were recorded at week-4, week-6, and week-8 after finishing therapies. RESULTS At the 3rd follow-up (i.e., at end of the 8th week after the interventions), complete improvement in 3 (30%), 2 (20%), 1 (10%), and 5 (50%) patients in group-I, group-II, group-III, and group-IV, respectively was observed. A statistically significant difference was obtained when the intervention responses were compared at week-4 (p<0.01), week-6 (p<0.01), and week-8 (p<0.0001) follow-ups in group-I, group-II, and group-IV subjects. At the 8-week follow-up regarding the salivary and mucosal samples, the lowest colony-forming units/milliliter score of C. albicans was observed in group-IV subjects. CONCLUSION The application of 5-ALA-mediated PDT in combination with nystatin gel possesses the potential as a well-tolerated and safe therapeutic modality for the treatment of patients with HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdulRahman Saeed AlGhamdi
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zeeshan Qamar
- Department of O&MFS and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha AlSheikh
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muntasar Talib Ali Al Hinai
- Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat Oman
| | - Nishath Sayed Abdul
- Department of OMFS and Diagnostic Sciences (Oral Pathology), Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Ahmed Aljoghaiman
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Photodynamic Therapy, Photobiomodulation and Acetonide Triamcinolone 0.1% in the Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010030. [PMID: 36678659 PMCID: PMC9862179 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photobiomodulation (PBM) in the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP) in comparison with the use of topical corticosteroids. Material and methods: Sixty patients with OLP were randomized to three groups: group 1 photodynamic therapy applied once a week for four sessions, with orabase cream; group 2 low-power laser application with orabase cream; and group 3 inactive laser with triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%. Patient pain was evaluated, and the Thongprasom severity score, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and the Hamilton anxiety and depression scale at one and three months of follow-up. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05127083). Results: Pain decreased significantly over time in all groups, though the symptoms relapsed over follow-up at one and three months in group 3. The OHIP-14 score improved significantly in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05), and this improvement was maintained after three months. Lesion resolution evaluated by the Thongprasom score at one month showed significant differences between groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.032) and between groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.024). Conclusions: Photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation once a week for four weeks are safe and non-invasive treatment options, with the important advantage of lacking adverse effects. Further studies are needed to confirm it.
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Aldegheishem A, Alharthi R, Al-Qahtani YM, Soliman M, Mostafa MS, Mohsin SF, Eldwakhly E. Mechanical and antibacterial efficacy of photo-sonodynamic therapy via methylene blue-loaded nanoparticles over dental implants for treating peri-implantitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103188. [PMID: 36336320 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical (i.e., flexural modulus [FM], flexural strength [FS], and surface roughness [Ra]) and antibacterial efficacy of photo-sonodynamic therapy via methylene blue-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (MB-loaded PLGA NPs) over dental implants for potential treatment of peri-implantitis. METHODS PLGA NPs were synthesized via a solvent displacement method. After the synthesis and confirmation of MB-loaded PLGA NPs via physical (Scanning Electron Microscope [SEM]) and chemical characterization (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FTIR]), the mature dental biofilm of Porphyromonas gingivalis was produced over the surfaces of dental implants. Then, the bacterial viability assessment of the following five study groups was performed: group-I (diode laser treatment); group-II (PDT/MB-loaded PLGA NPs treatment; group-III (ultrasound treatment); group-IV (ultrasound/PLGA NPs-MB treatment); and group-V: control group included the samples without any treatment. Finally, the FS, FM, and Ra of the samples was assessed. RESULTS Under the SEM, the NPs were spherical homogeneous particles having round morphology ranging approximately 100 nm in size without aggregation. The FTIR spectra of PLGA NPs and MB-loaded PLGA NPs demonstrated absorption peaks at approximately 1000 cm-1 to 1200 cm-1 and around 1500 cm-1 to 1750 cm-1. The greatest level of P. gingivalis killing was exhibited by ultrasound/MB-loaded PLGA-NPs-treated samples. The FS was statistically significantly greater for control group samples than any other group (i.e., 100.28 MPa; p<0.05). The FM and Ra ranged between 3.31 and 3.58 GPa and between 0.18 and 0.20 µm without any statistically significant difference between the control and experimental groups (p>0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, the application of photo-sonodynamic therapy via MB-loaded PLGA NPs demonstrated the greatest antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis without deteriorating the surfaces and compromising the mechanical properties of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhanoof Aldegheishem
- Clinical Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rasha Alharthi
- Clinical Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser M Al-Qahtani
- Consultant in Restorative Dentistry Department, Ministry of Health, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Soliman
- Clinical Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Salah Mostafa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Syed Fareed Mohsin
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elzahraa Eldwakhly
- Clinical Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
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Novel use of chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine assisted photodynamic therapy helps in periimplant healing among smoking patients. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103193. [PMID: 36343897 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the clinical and biochemical peri‑implant parameters using chloro‑aluminum phthalocyanine-(CAP) mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to non-surgical mechanical debridement (NSD) in cigarette smokers (CS) and never-smokers (NS) with peri‑implantitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two patients with peri‑implantitis [Group CS - 16 and Group NS - 16] were recruited for the trial. The study participants underwent two therapies: PDT + NSD and NSD alone. The clinical peri‑implant parameters assessed in this clinical trial were bleeding on probing (BP), crestal bone loss (CBL) peri‑implant pocket depth (PD), and peri‑implant plaque scores (PS), respectively. Peri-implant crevicular fluid was sampled and the quantification of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was performed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS BP was significantly reduced at 6 months after PDT+NSD in CS groups. Mean PD significantly reduced after both PDT+NSD and NSD subgroups within both NS and CS groups. Only at 6 months did PDT+NSD showed statistically significantly reduced IL-1β levels in the NS group. TNF-α levels significantly reduced in CS group with PDT+NSD and NSD alone at both 3 months and 6 months follow up. CONCLUSION CAP-assisted PDT helped to improve the clinical and cytokine levels after non-surgical peri‑implant mechanical debridement in treating peri‑implantitis patients in smokers.
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Antibacterial efficiency of adjuvant photodynamic therapy and high-power diode laser in the treatment of young permanent teeth with chronic periapical periodontitis. A prospective clinical study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103129. [PMID: 36156313 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed at determining antibacterial efficiency of adjuvant photodynamic therapy (PDT) and high-power diode laser (DL) in the treatment of chronic periapical periodontitis (CPP) in young permanent teeth. METHODS Forty-four young permanent teeth with CPP were randomly divided into three groups (PDT, DL and control). Each tooth underwent standard chemo-mechanical treatment, while within tested groups was additionally treated by PDT or DL. Bacterial identification and quantification were provided by MALDI-TOF spectrometry and plate counting assay, performed after accessing the canal, following chemo-mechanical preparation, and after PDT or DL procedure where applicable. RESULTS Thirty-nine young permanent teeth with CCP (patients age 9.77 ± 1.43) completed the study. Before the treatments, 202 isolates belonging to 13 genera/species, including Streptococcus (36), Actinomyces (34), Peptostreptococcus micros (27), Veillonella (25) and Enterococcus faecalis (22), were recovered. Chemo-mechanical treatment reduced CFU count in the all three groups (p < 0.001), but complete eradication was not observed for any of isolated species. Adjuvant PDT and DL completely eradicated isolates of 8 and 6 bacterial genera/species, resulting in complete bacterial elimination from 53.8% and 30.8% of root canals, respectively. In the rest canals, total Δlog CFUs were 4.71 and 4.58. CONCLUSION The results indicated that both PDT and DL could be performed as adjuvants to standard endodontic treatment of the young permanent teeth with CPP.
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Saffarpour M, Abasalizadeh F, Fathollahi MS, Chiniforush N. The in vitro effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with toluidine blue and indocyanine green on microleakage of class V cavities. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:103005. [PMID: 35811053 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considering the importance of disinfecting dentin and enamel after cavity preparation and the possible effect of disinfection methods on induction of various reactions in the tooth structure the aim of the present study was to evaluate microleakage of composite resin restoration after disinfecting the prepared dentin and enamel surface with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with toluidine blue (TBO) and indocyanine green (ICG). MATERIALS AND METHODS Standard class V cavities were prepared on buccal surface of 71 human premolar teeth. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups based on disinfection method: Group 1: conventional disinfection method with Phosphoric acid 37% as the control; Group 2: aPDT with TBO and diode laser with wavelength of 635 nm; Group 3: aPDT with ICG and diode laser with wavelength of 808 nm. All the cavities were restored with composite resin (3M™ Filtek™ Z250). After thermocycling and immersing in 0.5% basic fuchsin, the samples were prepared for microleakage evaluation under a stereomicroscope. Data was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests at P < 0.05. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the microleakage of occlusal and gingival margins between the TBO and control groups (P > 0.05). Also, the microleackage of occlusal margins between groups was not significantly different (P > 0.05) but microleackage of gingival margins of ICG group was lower than two other groups in a meaningful way (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Photodynamic therapy with ICG as disinfecting agent in cavity preparations before composite resin restorations decreases the microleackage of gingival margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Saffarpour
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Sheikh Fathollahi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Saleh W, Khashaba O. Clinical responses of patients with systemic diseases to the photodynamic therapy of oral lichen planus. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102972. [PMID: 35732242 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic disease commonly detected in older aged patients with female predominance. Treatment of OLP in diabetic and hypertensive patients usually shows some difficulties which require a more safe and effective treatment modality such as Photodynamic therapy (PDT). The current study aims to evaluate the role of PDT in treating OLP in diabetic and hypertensive patients. METHODS We evaluated the role of PDT in treating erosive OLP of type 2 diabetic and hypertensive patients. The following parameters were evaluated for each case at the time zero, after2 weeks, and 4 weeks of the study: subjective responses, objective responses, and the size of the lesion. RESULTS Our study included 9 diabetic and 7hypertensive patients with an age range of 30:60 years old. There were statistically significant differences between the diabetic and hypertensive patients in the objective response, area of ulceration, and the area of erythema at the end of the 4th week of the study (p<0.05). CONCLUSION PDT is an effective treatment modality for diabetic and hypertensive patients with no side effects or patient discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Saleh
- Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt, 33516..
| | - Omar Khashaba
- Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt, 33516
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Elsadek MF. Clinical and bacterial outcomes of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of chronic necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102977. [PMID: 35728752 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the clinical periodontal and microbiological parameters in patients having chronic necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP) after the administration of adjunctive photodynamic therapy and non-surgical periodontal therapy in smokers, mal-nutrition and HIV positive individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 individuals with NUP were selected for the present clinical trial, where both Group I and Group II had equal number of patients respectively (15 each). The groups were divided on the basis of provision of treatment where patients in Group I underwent scaling and root planing (SRP). Furthermore, Group II patients were subjected to adjunctive phtotodynamic therapy and SRP (aPDT + SRP). Full mouth plaque scores (fmpS), full mouth bleeding on probing (fmBOP), periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment levels (CAL) were the clinical periodontal parameters that were carefully evaluated. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf) were the bacteria species which were evaluated. The assessments were done at baseline, three (3) months and six (6) months respectively. RESULTS All periodontal parameters including fmpS, fmBOP, PPD and CAL significantly improved in both Group I and Group II respectively. Group II patients subjected to aPDT + SRP reported higher reduction in mean PPD in comparison to Group I patients at follow up (p<0.05). At follow-up, similar results were also reported for CAL gain where Group II (aPDT +SRP) patients reported higher CAL gain in comparison to patients who underwent SRP only (p<0.05). From baseline to follow-up, all the bacterial levels exhibited reduction in both study groups i.e Group I (SRP) and Group II (aPDT + SRP) respectively (p<0.05). However, Group II patients prominent reduction in the counts of Aa and Tf at the three-month interval, whereas Aa seem to reduce in HIV and smoking individuals at the six-month interval. Moreover, the levels of Pg and Tf significantly reduced at 3 months and only Aa at 6 months in patients with mal-nutrition respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The use of photodynamic treatment as an adjunct to scaling and root planing enhanced clinical periodontal results and reduced bacterial content in patients having NUP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Farouk Elsadek
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Nutrition and Food Science Department, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Antimicrobial efficacy, optical properties and flexural strength following antimicrobial photodynamic therapy over vacuum-formed orthodontic retainers. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102951. [PMID: 35690320 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs) are widely used in dental practices because of their superior esthetics. However, simultaneous maintenance of their hygiene, mechanical and optical properties is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the disinfection efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), chlorhexidine (CHX), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and water over VFRs specimens, along with their effect on flexural strength and color stability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fabricated VFRs of thicknesses 1 mm and 2 mm were contaminated with S. mutans and C. albicans. Brain Heart Infusion agar was used to seed Streptococcus Mutans whereas Candida Albicans was seeded in Sabourand Dextrose Agar. The contaminated retainers were divided into four groups and decontaminated using four different treatment protocols: aPDT, CHX, NaOCl and water, with 10 specimens per group. Microbial viability following decontamination, was assayed using MTT. To assess the color stability, pre and post decontamination color difference of 10 specimens was recorded using a spectrophotometer by blinding technique. The flexural strength of 10 specimens was measured using a universal testing machine by a standardized 3-point flexural strength (FS) test. RESULT aPDT showed the highest reduction in the viability of S. mutans (28%) and C. albicans (20%) species in 1 mm thickness group while the second highest reduction following disinfection with CHX (40%) in followed by NaOCl disinfection (50%). On comparison between 1 mm and 2 mm, a statistically significant difference was noted for S. mutans in aPDT (p = 0.033) and NaOCl (p = 0.028) groups, and for C. albicans, a significant difference was noted within NaOCl (p = 0.001) and CHX (p = 0.043) groups. For FS, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between aPDT and the rest of the groups, whereas there was no statistically significant difference in the flexural strength between the CHX, NaOCl and water groups (p > 0.05) in both 1 mm and 2 mm specimens. Between 1 mm and 2 mm specimens, no statistically significant difference in the mean color difference was noted after any disinfection protocol (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy showed a remarkable reduction in candidal and bacterial viability over VFRs. aPDT treated VFR specimens showed increased flexural strength and a higher color difference post treatment compared to other reagents.
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Detection of invisible dental biofilm using light-induced autofluorescence in adult patients - a systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Anil S, Alageel O, Alsadon O, Alaqeel SM, Alsarani MM, Hashem M, Fouad H, Javaid M. Topographical changes and bactericidal efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on titanium implant surface. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102882. [PMID: 35477046 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A lot of research has been done on various disinfection modalities used to achieve an aseptic implant surface. However, the bacterial efficacy and the topographical alterations resulting from the use of these techniques have never been compared. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate and compare the disinfection efficacy and surface changes on a bacteria contaminated titanium block following application of various disinfectants. METHOD Ultrasonically cleaned titanium blocks were contaminated with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia. The infected titanium implants were randomly divided into four experimental groups and decontaminated using antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), laser therapy, chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide. Bacterial viability and surface changes following decontamination were analyzed. RESULT Bacterial viability decreased in all the groups with aPDT having the highest reduction. Surface roughness remained unchanged whereas the contact angle lessened in the aPDT group. CONCLUSION aPDT could possibly be a suitable alternative to other disinfection regimen to treat periimplantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumaran Anil
- Department of Dentistry-Oral Health Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Omar Alageel
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alsadon
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samer M Alaqeel
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed M Alsarani
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Fouad
- Applied Medical Science Department, CC, King Saud University, P.O Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javaid
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy versus antiviral therapy in the treatment of herpetic gingivostomatitis among children: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Anil S, Yahia M, Alsarani MM, Alolayani BM, Alsadon O, Vellappally S, Hashem M, Fouad H. Antimicrobial efficacy and topographical alterations of photodynamic therapy versus conventional antimicrobials on contaminated zirconia ceramic in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Binnal DA, Tadakamadla DJ, Rajesh DG, Tadakamadla DSK. Photodynamic therapy for oral potentially malignant disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 37:102713. [PMID: 34999271 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in the treatment of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) patients. METHODOLOGY An electronic search was conducted to retrieve articles published until September 2021. Meta-analyses were conducted for the outcomes of complete response (CR) and any response (AR) after treatment with PDT using data from single-arm studies, case series and non-randomised controlled trials (NRCTs). RESULTS In total, 49 articles were included. RCTs revealed insignificant mean difference (MD) in efficacy index between PDT and comparison groups (MD: 1.32; 95% CI:-28.10-30.72, p=0.930). The likelihood of CR (OR:0.84; 95% CI: 0.42-1.71, p=0.637) or AR (OR:2.10; 95% CI: 0.31-14.25, p=0.448) was not different in PDT group when compared with any comparison treatments in NRCTs. CR/AR among single arm studies was 60.6% (95% CI: 50.5-70.7, P<0.001) and 93.7% (95% CI:91.5-95.8, P<0.001) respectively. Higher prevalence of CR and AR was observed for dysplasia or carcinoma insitu (CIS) (CR: 81%, 95% CI: 70.8-91.3, P<0.001; AR: 94.3%; 95% CI: 89-99.6, P<0.001) and actinic cheilitis (AC) (CR: 73.9%, 95% CI: 65.9-81.9, P<0.001; AR:97%; 95% CI:94.9-99, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS More than half of the patients receiving PDT showed CR, with more than 90% responding to the treatment. PDT was most effective on oral dysplasias, followed by AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dr Almas Binnal
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore - 575001, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India-576104.
| | | | - Dr Gururaghavendran Rajesh
- Professor and Head, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore - 575001, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India-576104.
| | - Dr Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla
- Senior Research Fellow, National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career Fellow, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia.
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Waingade M, Medikeri RS, Rathod P. Effectiveness of methylene blue photosensitizers compared to that of corticosteroids in the management of oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2022; 22:175-186. [PMID: 35693351 PMCID: PMC9171335 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2022.22.3.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of methylene blue (MB) photosensitizers in the management of symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP). Electronic online databases and manual searches were performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English between January 2010 and February 2022. RCTs comparing photodynamic therapy (PDT) and corticosteroid therapy at baseline and follow-up period were identified. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. A meta-analysis was performed regarding visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Thongprasom sign scores, lesion size, response to treatment, and exacerbation of lesions after therapy. The clinical severity was analyzed qualitatively. Five RCTs consisting of 180 samples fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All parameters of VAS score, Thongprasom sign score, lesion size, and response to treatment were statistically non-significant. Our results indicate that both MB-PDT and corticosteroid therapy are effective for the management of OLP. Moreover, MB-PDT is an effective alternative treatment option for OLP when corticosteroids are contraindicated. However, conclusive evidence cannot be ascertained owing to the heterogeneity among the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjushri Waingade
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Raghavendra S Medikeri
- Department of Periodontics, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pooja Rathod
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Elsadek MF, Farahat MF. Impact of photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment on clinical and biochemical parameters among patients having mild rheumatoid arthritis with periodontitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102698. [PMID: 34921986 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy on the clinical periodontal and biochemical parameters among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) having periodontitis. METHODS A total of 50 RA patients with periodontitis were included. The subjects were equally divided into two groups: Group A - scaling and root planning (SRP) + PDT; Group B - SRP only, respectively. Plaque score (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP), and pocket depth (PD) were estimated. The biochemical parameters included the assessment of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and rheumatoid factors (RFs). RESULTS Plaque scores and BOP significantly reduced in both the groups at both 6 and 12 weeks with significant difference between both the groups at 6 weeks follow up (p<0.05). On inter-group comparison, there was a statistically significant reduction seen for BOP in Group A at 12 weeks (p<0.001). PD significantly reduced in both the groups at both time points; however, significant reduction was noted for Group A compared to Group B (p<0.01). IL-6 and TNF-α significantly reduced in both the groups at 6 and 12 weeks follow up. However, the proinflammatory cytokine levels significantly reduced in group A as compared to group B at both 6 and 12 weeks (p<0.05). GCF levels of RF did not show any change in either of the groups at either time point or between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION PDT significantly reduced the proinflammatory burden in terms of periodontal attachment level and bleeding on probing within the periodontal inflammatory pockets in patients having RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Farouk Elsadek
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Fawzi Farahat
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
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Firoozi P, Farshidfar N, Fekrazad R. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy compared to nystatin therapy in reducing Candida colony count in patients with Candida-associated denture stomatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Dent 2021. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1038/s41432-021-0208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Firoozi P, Farshidfar N, Fekrazad R. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy compared to nystatin therapy in reducing Candida colony count in patients with Candida-associated denture stomatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Dent 2021:10.1038/s41432-021-0208-9. [PMID: 34862461 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-021-0208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) compared to conventional nystatin therapy (NYT) in reducing Candida colony count in patients with Candida-associated denture stomatitis (CADS) and critically appraised the available literature.Methods This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) updated guidelines. A literature search was performed in four electronic databases to identify relevant articles up to 15 August 2021. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the efficacy of aPDT compared to NYT in reducing Candida colony count in patients with CADS were investigated. The weighted mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval were calculated. The I2 statistic was used to determine heterogeneity at the level of α = 0.10. The Cochrane risk of bias (RoB 2) tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Certainty of the evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) ranking system.Results Only three eligible RCTs with 141 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on the pooled results, NYT compared to aPDT generally performed better in reducing Candida colony count (Log10 CFU/mL) in patients' palate and patients' denture. The included studies had a moderate risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence was low.Conclusion Although still inconclusive, based on the current evidence, aPDT may be effective in reducing Candida colony count and treating CADS. Nonetheless, it does not appear to be more effective than conventional NYT in this regard. According to the limited number of included studies, more well-designed RCTs with larger sample sizes and standardised methodology should be conducted to validate this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Firoozi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Nima Farshidfar
- Orthodontic Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Professor of Radiation Sciences Research Centre, Laser Research Centre in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Fractal Dimension and Texture Analysis of Lesion Autofluorescence in the Evaluation of Oral Lichen Planus Treatment Effectiveness. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185448. [PMID: 34576672 PMCID: PMC8466626 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral Lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Topical steroids are used as the treatment of choice. The alternative is photodynamic therapy (PDT). The study aimed to fabricate optimal biodegradable matrices for methylene blue or triamcinolone acetonide because of a lack of currently commercially available carriers that could adhere to the mucous. METHODS The study was designed as a 12-week single-blind prospective randomized clinical trial with 30 patients, full contralateral split-mouth design. Matrices for steroid and photosensitizer and laser device were fabricated. Fractal and texture analysis of photographs, taken in 405, 450, 405 + 450 nm wavelength, of lesions was performed to increase the objectivity of the assessment of treatment. RESULTS We achieved two total responses for treatment in case of steroid therapy and one in the case of PDT. Partial response was noted in 17 lesions treated using local steroid therapy and 21 in the case of PDT. No statistically significant differences were found between the effectiveness of both used methods. Statistically significant differences in fractal dimension before and after treatment were observed only in the analysis of photographs taken in 405 + 450 nm wavelength. CONCLUSIONS Photodynamic therapy and topical steroid therapy are effective methods for treating OLP. Using a carrier offers the possibility of a more predictable and effective method of drug delivery into the mucous membrane. Autofluorescence enables the detection of lesions especially at the early stage of their development.
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Labban N, Taweel SMA, ALRabiah MA, Alfouzan AF, Alshiddi IF, Assery MK. Efficacy of Rose Bengal and Curcumin mediated photodynamic therapy for the treatment of denture stomatitis in patients with habitual cigarette smoking: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102380. [PMID: 34087468 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking in conjugation with bad oral hygiene is considered a typical predisposing factor for many oral diseases including denture stomatitis. This study investigated the effect of Rose Bengal (RB)-and Curcumin (CUR)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) in comparison with nystatin therapy in the intervention of denture stomatitis in cigarette smokers. METHODS Overall, 45 habitual cigarette smokers aged ~58 years having denture stomatitis were categorized into three groups: Group-I - RB-mediated PDT, Group-II - CUR-mediated PDT, and Group-III - Nystatin therapy. The primary outcome of the interest was: counts of Candida colony from denture surface and palatal mucosa, calculated as CFU/mL, whereas the prevalence of Candida species determined in 3 research groups comprised the secondary outcome. Oral swab specimens were gathered from the denture surfaces and palatal mucosa. All clinical assessments were performed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. RESULTS C. albicans was the most prevalent yeast identified on both denture surfaces and palatal mucosa, followed by C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. A considerable decrease in the CFU/mL scores were observed in Group-I and Group-II at the end of the interventions and on the 12-week follow-up (p<0.05). Group-I, II, and III demonstrated clinical efficacy rates of 53%, 51%, and 49%, respectively. CONCLUSION CUR-and RB-mediated PDT was found to be as effective as topical Nystatin therapy for the intervention of denture stomatitis among cigarette smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf Labban
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sara Mohammad Al Taweel
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A ALRabiah
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan F Alfouzan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem F Alshiddi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour K Assery
- Department of Prosthodontics, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alshehri AH. Mechanical and antimicrobial effects of riboflavin-mediated photosensitization of in vitro C. albicans formed on polymethyl methacrylate resin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102488. [PMID: 34416382 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed the potential of riboflavin-mediated photodynamic therapy (RF-PDT) against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and compared the effects of RF-PDT with other therapeutic modalities in terms of mechanical and surface characteristics of acrylic denture base material. MATERIALS AND METHODS Molds (10 × 10 × 2 mm) of acrylic resin specimens were prepared and underwent artificial ageing. C. albicans were grown aerobically over the specimens and divided into four groups (n = 10/group); Group-I: no decontamination; Group-II: nystatin suspension; Group-III: riboflavin 0.1% in darkness, Group-IV: blue LED light only, and Group-V: riboflavin 0.1% for 10 minutes (pre-irradiation time) and photoactivated by the blue LED light (light dose). Fungal viability was assessed using MTT assay and characterized using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser microscopy (CLSM). Treated specimens were subjected to surface roughness (Ra), flexural strength (FS), and flexural modulus (FM). RESULTS Group-I showed the highest C. albicans viability followed by Group-III. Nystatin group (Group-II) showed ∼50% of the viability while RF-PDT showed the least C. albicans viability among the four groups (p<0.05). On SEM, specimens treated with Group-IV and V showed almost clear and free from C. albicans that was evidenced on CLSM. Post-treated specimens and storage after 72 h revealed that FS was significantly higher for RF-PDT group as compared to any other group (>105.82 MPa) (p<0.05). The FM and Ra showed statistically no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION RF-PDT showed the highest anti-fungal capacity against C. albicans over acrylic denture surface without any surface deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkarim Hussain Alshehri
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Zborowski J, Kida D, Szarwaryn A, Nartowski K, Rak P, Jurczyszyn K, Konopka T. A Comparison of Clinical Efficiency of Photodynamic Therapy and Topical Corticosteroid in Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus: A Split-Mouth Randomised Controlled Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163673. [PMID: 34441967 PMCID: PMC8397092 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to steroid therapy in the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP). Due to the lack of commercially available drug carriers, innovative proprietary solutions were used for both the photosensitiser and the steroid carrier—in the first case to shorten and in the second to extend the contact of the active substance with the mucosa. Methods: A prospective, randomised, single-blind, 12-week full contralateral split-mouth clinical trial of 30 patients with bilateral oral lichen planus was conducted. The prepared matrices were incorporated with active substances methylene blue 5% and 0,05% triamcinolone. The size of lesions, Thongprasom, ABISIS, and VAS scale were evaluated. Results: Relatively high rates of complete remission of lichen were demonstrated: immediately after treatment, 33.3% with PDT and 22.2% with triamcinolone (TA), and after 3 months, 54.2% with PDT and 62.9% with TA. After 3 months of treatment, a reduction in the area of evaluated lesions of 52.7% for PDT and 41.7% for TA was achieved. Conclusion: In situations of topical or general contraindications to oral corticosteroids, resistance to them, or the need for repeated treatment in a short period of time, PDT appears to be a very promising treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zborowski
- Department of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorota Kida
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (A.S.); (K.N.); (P.R.)
| | - Aleksandra Szarwaryn
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (A.S.); (K.N.); (P.R.)
| | - Karol Nartowski
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (A.S.); (K.N.); (P.R.)
| | - Patrycja Rak
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (A.S.); (K.N.); (P.R.)
| | - Kamil Jurczyszyn
- Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Konopka
- Department of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Aljamhan AS. Impact of riboflavin and curcumin mediated photodynamic therapy and Er,Cr:YSGG on microleakage of class V resin glass ionomer restorations in permanent molar teeth. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021:102462. [PMID: 34325077 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of PDT using curcumin and riboflavin as photosensitizers and Er,Cr:YSGG on microleakage in class V RMGIC restorations in permanent teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty permanent molars were investigated and randomly divided into 4 groups: control group: resin-modified glass ionomer restoration with no treatment, R-PDT: PDT with riboflavin, Cu-PDT: PDT with curcumin (Cu) and, Er,Cr:YSGG: laser application. All the teeth in each group were restored with the help of RMGIC. The samples were dipped for 24 h in 0.5 % Fuchsine solution, and subsequently fixed in acrylic resin-based molds. Microleakage scores were estimated considering both cervical and occlusal boundaries. Intergroup comparisons were made at each margin, and intragroup comparisons made at the cervical and occlusal margins. The Shapiro Wilk test was used to check the normality of the values. Whereas, the analysis of data was conducted using SPSS version 25 via the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. P < 0.05 was contemplated to be statistically important. RESULTS A high frequency (95%) of the enamel walls were not penetrated when subjected to treatment with R-PDT, followed by Cu-PDT and Er,Cr:YSGG. The highest amount of microleakage was observed (55%) Cu-PDT at the site of the cavity near the cementum. The least amount of microleakage was observed in the control group. A statistically significant difference in microleakage was noted at the cervical wall (p=0.015), while no significant difference was seen at the occlusal wall (p=0.789) between the groups. A significant difference was noted at the cervical wall between the control and R-PDT group (p=0.021) and Cu-PDT group (p=0.005), respectively. A significant difference in microleakage was observed when occlusal was compared with cervical walls within each group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Photosensitizers using riboflavin and curcumin may reduce the microleakage within the enamel surface restored with RMGIC in class V lesions that may not interfere with bonding. However, extreme caution should be taken while considering riboflavin and curcumin for class V RMGIC restorations extending to cementum surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Aljamhan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
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Mannakandath ML, Kamran MA, Udeabor SE, Hameed MS, Ajmal M, Alshahrani I. Effect of ultrasonic scaling with adjunctive photodynamic therapy on the treatment of gingival inflammation among diabetic patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102360. [PMID: 34052421 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the gingival and immunological parameters in diabetic adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. METHODS The selected 40 participants were randomized equally into two groups; Group I (ultrasonic scaling + oral hygiene instructions) and Group II (ultrasonic scaling/oral hygiene instructions + aPDT). Serum HbA1c levels was assessed for all the participants at chairside. Plaque index (Pi), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were analyzed. Moreover, the assessment of crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α) was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. All measurements were recorded at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks follow-up periods, respectively. Intergroup comparisons for p-value were computed using Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon singed ranks test to compute p-value for intra-group comparisons. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify explanatory variables for reduction in plaque scores and bleeding on probing, after controlling for the effects of other covariates. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the direction and strength for associations. Significance level was set at 5% for all analyses. RESULTS All 40 individuals completed the clinical trial. There was a statistically significant reduction in Pi and BOP in both Group I and Group II from baseline to 12 weeks of follow up (P<0.05). However, there was slight reduction in the plaque scores in Group-II as compared to Group-I at 12 weeks visit (P<0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference for BOP when Group-I was compared with Group-II on 12 weeks follow up assessment (P<0.05). HbA1c assessment indicated no statistically significant difference either within or between groups at any time point (P>0.05). Both MMP-8 and MIP-1α reported a significant decrease for both Groups I and II at 6 weeks and 12 weeks follow-up periods in comparison to baseline (P<0.05). Inter-group comparison indicated a statistically significant difference noted at both 6 weeks follow up that was maintained at 12 weeks follow up (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis revealed that even after controlling the mean BMI as a predictor, the change of biomarker levels along with the improvement in plaque scores and bleeding on probing was not significant (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION aPDT significantly improved bleeding on probing and proinflammatory biomarkers among diabetic adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Master Luqman Mannakandath
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Kamran
- Department of Pediatric and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Samuel Ebele Udeabor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shahul Hameed
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Ajmal
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alshahrani
- Department of Pediatric and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Effect of Nd:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation, and Adjunctive Photodynamic Therapy on Push-Out Bond Strength of Zirconia Posts to Radicular Dentin. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5523242. [PMID: 34036099 PMCID: PMC8118734 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5523242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at assessing the influence of Nd:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation, and adjunctive photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the bond strength of zirconia posts to radicular dentin. Eighty extracted anterior teeth were randomly categorized into 4 groups (n = 20) based on varying laser irradiation treatments, i.e., conventional cleaning and shaping (CCS), Nd:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, and aPDT group, respectively. Using a cutting machine, the samples were prepared for push-out bond strength analysis; 4 sections (2 on each apical and cervical) of around 1 mm thickness were sectioned for all roots at a right angle to the long axis of the post. After making the space for the post, they were incorporated into the root system and were subjected to different laser treatments. The universal testing machine was utilized to assess the push-out bond strength, which had a defined 1 mm/minute crosshead speed until the failure was encountered. Specimens in the aPDT group (8.20 ± 2.14 MPa) demonstrated the highest mean push-out bond strength, whereas the lowest was shown by samples in the CCS group (7.08 ± 1.11 MPa). According to the independent t-test, the mean push-out bond strength scores of the cervical segments were higher as compared to the apical segments in research groups (p < 0.05). Overall, the adhesive type was the most frequently encountered failure mode in all of the experimental groups, with the least number of failures observed in aPDT treated teeth samples. In conclusion, the push-out bond strength to radicular dentin was not much influenced by Nd:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG laser, and aPDT in comparison with CCS. Although statistically not significant, however, the application of aPDT provided better outcomes as compared to other research groups.
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Ajmal M. Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to topical antiviral therapy in the treatment of herpes labialis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102302. [PMID: 33894370 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present clinical trial assessed the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in association with topical acyclovir in the treatment of herpes labialis in adolescent patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS 45 individuals with herpes labialis were divided into three groups on the basis of provision of treatment. (a) Group I: Topical acyclovir therapy (AVT) (n = 15, mean age: 17.5 years) (b) Group 2: photodynamic therapy (PDT) (n = 15, mean age:16.8 years) and (c) Group III: AVT + adjunctive PDT (n = 15, mean age: 17.0 years) respectively. HSV-1 quantification and pain scales [visual analogue scale (VAS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)] were calculated. Pro-inflammatory biomarkers including interleukin (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality. The Friedman test was employed to compute the comparison for changes recorded in pain scores, proinflammatory cytokines and HSV-1 quantification, whereas Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the mean values and establish inter-group comparisons. All assessments were performed at baseline, immediate post op, 2-weeks, 4-weeks, 3-months, and 6-months. RESULTS A total of 44 individuals completed the clinical trial. According to the data obtained from the clinical assessment, all the study groups reported a decrease in the parameters being observed. However, Group III (anti-viral (acyclovir) therapy + adjunctive PDT) showed a statistically significant decrease, in comparison to Group II (PDT) and Group I [AVT] respectively. The quantified HSV-1 among all groups showed significant reduction among all groups at each successive follow-up. However, Group-III (AVT + PDT) showed statistically significant reduction as compared to Groups I and II, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Topical anti-viral therapy with adjunctive PDT significantly helped in reducing the pain and pro-inflammatory biomarkers in adolescent herpes labialis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Ajmal
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Photonix Diagnostic Imaging, Chalappuram, Calicut, Kerala, India.
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The effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on shear bond strength of orthodontic bracket: An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102244. [PMID: 33677068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with methylene blue (MB) and indocyanine green (ICG) on bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 45 non-carious and sound human premolar teeth were used in this study. All teeth were examined under a stereomicroscope at ×10 magnification. The samples were divided to 3 groups including no treatment (control group), aPDT with MB and 660 nm diode laser and aPDT with ICG and 808 nm diode laser. After aPDT procedure, orthodontic brackets were bonded to enamel surfaces. Then, the samples were thermocycled for 5000 cycles between 5° and 55° C in water bath. The brackets were then debonded using a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) score and SEM microscope evaluation were assessed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Post-hoc test were used to compare the SBS values among groups. RESULTS The highest SBS mean value was presented in group 1 (control) (31.98 ± 6.36). Whereas, the lowest SBS mean value was observed in group 3 (aPDT with ICG) (24.11 ± 5.78). There were significant differences in SBS values between control and aPDT groups (P < 0.05). Some superficial porosity and irregularity was presented following aPDT on surface of enamel when examined by scanning electron microscope. The mode of failure was mostly score 0 and score 1 in all groups. CONCLUSION MB and ICG mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy both reduced the bond strength of orthodontic brackets compared to control group.
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Kamran MA, Qasim M, Udeabor SE, Hameed MS, Mannakandath ML, Alshahrani I. Impact of riboflavin mediated photodynamic disinfection around fixed orthodontic system infected with oral bacteria. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102232. [PMID: 33631380 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this laboratory study was to investigate the amount of bacterial destruction through riboflavin mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) around fixed orthodontic devices by using the two strains of bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 80 metallic brackets were divided into four groups consisting of 20 brackets each. Group-I: riboflavin + LED irradiation; Group-II: riboflavin alone; Group-III: immersion in 0.2 % chlorhexidine gluconate solution and Group-IV: not submitted to any treatment. All metallic brackets were immersed in the standard bacterial solutions and incubated at 48 h. All samples were subjected to MTT assay for microbial cell viability testing after treatment. After 24 h of incubation, biofilms adhered on the mesh of metallic brackets after treatment were assessed by confocal laser microscopy. The total CFU/mL was estimated, and the results were log-transformed (log10) and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer test. P-value was set to <0.05 that indicated statistical significance. RESULTS The samples from group-IV showed the highest amount of relative biofilm viability compared to any other group while group-I (PDT) showed the least viability of the two bacterial strains studied (p < 0.05). Group-I showed no significant difference when compared with group-III (chlorhexidine) (p > 0.05). The biofilms on the samples from group-II and group-IV were largely viable indicating thick green staining across the mesh of the brackets. Among the group-III samples, there were predominantly dead cells as compared to the live cell staining. A considerable amount of red staining was observed with noticeable less green staining in group-I samples. CONCLUSION This laboratory investigation revealed that riboflavin mediated PDT significantly reduced the amounts of S. mutans and S. sanguinis around the orthodontic brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdullah Kamran
- Department of Pediatric and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences (Operative Dentistry), College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samuel Ebele Udeabor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shahul Hameed
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Master Luqman Mannakandath
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alshahrani
- Department of Pediatric and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Wang B, Fan J, Wang L, Chai L. Photobiomodulation Therapy/Photodynamic Therapy Versus Steroid Therapy for Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2021; 39:145-154. [PMID: 33601953 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) or photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating oral lichen planus (OLP) as well as identifiy the side effects when compared with steroid therapy. Background: Nowadays, PBMT and PDT are increasingly applied for treating OLP with minimal adverse effects. Methods: The electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial, Web of Science, and Embase were searched until March 13, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 1 month of follow-up period were selected. Two reviewers extracted data from selected studies independently. Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias was used for assessing the quality of the RCTs. The random-effects model was employed for meta-analysis. Results: One thousand fifteen studies were initially identified. Finally, nine RCTs were included for quality assessment and seven studies for meta-analysis. Four RCTs were of unclear risk of bias and five were assessed as high risk of bias. The comparison showed no significant differences for pain scores [visual analog scale (VAS)] [mean differences (MD) = 0.38, confidence interval (CI) = 95% -0.64 to 1.40] and severity scores (reticular-atrophic-erosive scores) (MD = 1.67, CI = 95% -1.13 to 4.46) between topical corticosteroid therapy and PBMT after 1 month. For PDT, no significant differences were observed for sign scores (Thongprasm sign scoring) (MD = -0.31, CI = 95% -1.52 to 0.91) and pain scores (VAS) (MD = -2.30, CI = 95% -5.88 to 1.28) of the lesions when compared with topical corticosteroid therapy after 1 month of follow-up period. One study reported the discomfort of the affected area in patients of the PDT group when probe tip was moved. Conclusions: PBMT and PDT could be reliable alternatives to topical corticosteroids for OLP with no or less severe complications in a short-term period. However, further well-designed RCTs with long-term period are recommended to consolidate the conclusions in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University (Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital), Ningbo, China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Luyi Chai
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University (Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital), Ningbo, China
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Effectiveness of Riboflavin and Rose Bengal Photosensitizer Modified Adhesive Resin for Orthodontic Bonding. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010048. [PMID: 33435179 PMCID: PMC7826870 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of riboflavin (RF) and Rose Bengal (RB) photosensitizer modified adhesive resin on the degree of conversion (DC), and antimicrobial capacity after bonded to tooth surface. Different concentrations of RB and RF were prepared by homogenization method. An ultraviolet light source A (UVA) (375 nm wavelength, 3 mW/cm2 power) was used for 30 min irradiation. FTIR was performed for control and test adhesives to analyze the DC. Antibacterial testing was performed using the MTT assay. Metal brackets were bonded using the modified adhesives and subjected for SEM examination. The surfaces of teeth and metal brackets were examined at ×10 magnification for assessing adhesive remnant index (ARI) after PDT, 24 h and thermocycling. For DC, control group, 0.1% RB and RF after PDT showed the highest value. SEM imaging indicated lowest growth of Streptococcus mutans over 0.5% of RB-PDT and RF-PDT as compared to the control group. The MTT assay outcomes reported that the activity of S. mutans substantially decreased with the addition of a high amount of either RB or RF (p < 0.01). Mean ARI scores showed a significant difference between all groups. This study concluded that 0.1% of either RB or RF after PDT can be used for bonding orthodontic brackets to the tooth surface with substantial antibacterial properties.
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Romano A, Di Stasio D, Lauritano D, Lajolo C, Fiori F, Gentile E, Lucchese A. Topical photodynamic therapy in the treatment of benign oral mucosal lesions: A systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 50:639-648. [PMID: 33314331 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in various branches of the dental field such as endodontics, implantology, periodontology, and restorative dentistry and oral medicine has become useful in recent decades. This systematic review presents an overview of the literature to evaluate the usefulness of topical PDT for the treatment of benign oral soft tissue lesions and to identify limitations in prior studies to improve PDT applications. METHODS We performed a review of the literature using different search engines (PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) employing MeSH terms such as "Photodynamic therapy" and "PDT" in conjunction with other terms. We utilized the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design (PICOS) method to define our study eligibility criteria. RESULTS Initial results were 1513. Finally, there were only 21 studies that met our selection criteria. We divided the 21 selected items into two groups: inflammatory diseases and infective diseases. CONCLUSIONS Although topical PDT is an easy to perform and well-tolerated treatment and appears to be a valid method with promising results in the treatment of benign lesions of the oral cavity's soft tissues, further studies are needed to complete the current knowledge of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Romano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania- Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Di Stasio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania- Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Dorina Lauritano
- Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milan - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Lajolo
- Head and Neck Department, School of Dentistry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Fausto Fiori
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania- Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrica Gentile
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania- Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberta Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania- Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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The effectiveness of photodynamic and antibiotic gel therapy as an adjunct to mechanical debridement in the treatment of peri-implantitis among diabetic patients. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102077. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rotaru D, Chisnoiu R, Picos AM, Picos A, Chisnoiu A. Treatment trends in oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:198. [PMID: 33123228 PMCID: PMC7588785 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease, associated with altered cell-mediated immunological function. It has long-term evolution, repeated exacerbations, sometimes painful and resistant to treatment, even all of these, OLP significantly affects patient's life quality. Not least, OLP is accompanied by an increased risk of malignant transformation. A wide spectrum of therapeutic options is available, but none are curative. In this review, 58 structured studies on the clinical symptomatology and treatment strategy of OLP were analyzed. The literature research was performed according to the criteria of the PRISMA system. This study summarizes current knowledge regarding management of OLP and oral lichenoid lesions, discusses the challenges of choosing an adequate treatment and, in attempt to improve the quality of patient life, trying to describe a therapeutic algorithm that takes into consideration the clinical features of the disease. Current OLP therapy aims at eliminating all mucosal-related lesions, reduce symptomatology and decrease the risk of oral cancer and include corticosteroids, immunomodulatory agents, retinoids, ultraviolet irradiation and/or laser therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Rotaru
- Department of Odontology, Endodontics and Oral Pathology, ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Chisnoiu
- Department of Odontology, Endodontics and Oral Pathology, ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Monica Picos
- Department of Prosthodontics, ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Picos
- Department of Prevention in Dental Medicine, ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400089 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrea Chisnoiu
- Department of Prosthodontics, ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Damrongrungruang T, Rattanayatikul S, Sontikan N, Wuttirak B, Teerakapong A, Kaewrawang A. Effect of Different Irradiation Modes of Azulene-mediated Photodynamic Therapy on Singlet Oxygen and PGE 2 Formation. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:427-434. [PMID: 33075141 DOI: 10.1111/php.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Azulene samples in ethanol/distilled water (1, 10 and 100 µm) were irradiated with a 638 nm red laser (0.5 watts, light-to-target distance 2 cm, energy density 4 or 40 J cm-2 ) by either continuous, fractionation or pulse mode. Singlet oxygen in the samples was measured using 10 µm 9,10-dimethyl anthracene (positive control 10 μm erythrosine) and relative fluorescence intensities were measured at 375/436 nm excitation/emission. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs, 1 × 105 cells/well) preincubated with 0.01 μg mL-1 rhTNF-α for 6 h were cultured with irradiated azulene samples in RPMI-1640 under standard conditions. PGE2 was quantified by rhPGE2 ELISA kit using a Varioscan® microplate reader at an excitation wavelength of 420 nm. Kruskal Wallis with Dunn`s test was performed at a significance level of P < 0.05. The highest singlet oxygen amount was found in 10 µm azulene samples irradiated at 40 J cm-2 under continuous mode (P = 0.001 when compared with 10 µm erythrosine). PGE2 expression in rhTNF-α-induced PBMCs was reduced to 45% of control by 1 µm azulene irradiated at 40 J cm-2 under fractionation mode. Fractionation mode with intermediate laser energy density in the presence of low concentration of azulene could increase singlet oxygen and tend to reduce PGE2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerasak Damrongrungruang
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Oral Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Laser in Dentistry Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Melatonin Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Aroon Teerakapong
- Laser in Dentistry Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Arkom Kaewrawang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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He Y, Deng J, Zhao Y, Tao H, Dan H, Xu H, Chen Q. Efficacy evaluation of photodynamic therapy for oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:302. [PMID: 33148217 PMCID: PMC7640434 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new option for oral lichen planus (OLP) management; however, there are different opinions on the efficacy of PDT for OLP. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the efficacy of PDT in the treatment of OLP and compare PDT with steroid therapy. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the curative effect of PDT. Five electronic databases were searched, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and EBSCO up to 1 December, 2019. Random and fixed effects models for pooled estimates calculation were used and the Meta package of R was applied. Results Pooled estimates revealed that, after PDT, the lesion size decreased by 1.53 cm2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71–2.35) after PDT and the partial response (PR) was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.65–0.85). The visual analogue scale (VAS) score decreased by 3.82 (95% CI: 2.80–4.85) and the Thongprasom sign score decreased by 1.33 (95% CI: 0.56–2.10) after PDT. Subgroup analyses revealed that the 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was more effective than methylene blue (MB), with a PR of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80–0.91). The topical use of 5-ALA yielded a better response than gargling methylene blue. In terms of VAS, the diode laser showed a better clinical PR in the treatment of OLP. In terms of changes in lesion size, the efficacy of the semiconductor laser was higher than that of the diode laser. PDT had a similar efficacy to topical corticosteroids, as shown by pooled estimates of five randomised controlled trials with 139 lesions. Conclusion This systematic review indicates that PDT is an effective treatment modality for the management of OLP. PDT is as effective as topical corticosteroid in the treatment of OLP and could be used for cases resistant to steroids or when steroids are contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec.3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec.3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec.3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Huiqian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec.3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxia Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec.3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec.3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec.3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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Bin-Shuwaish MS. Impact of photodynamic therapy on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102010. [PMID: 32950727 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This systematic review documents the up-to-date evidence on the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts cemented to root dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The focused PICO question was: "What impact does PDT have on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts cemented to root dentin?" This systematic review followed the guidelines and recommendations reported in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines chart. An electronic search was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Embase from January 1980 up to and including January 2020. Heterogeneity was calculated for push-out bond strength by means of the Chi-square test and I2 statistics. For meta-analyses, if the I2 was higher than 50 %, a random effects model was used, otherwise a fixed effects model for I2 ≤50 % was applied. A p-value <0.05 was set for significant heterogeneity. Forest plots were computed reporting standard mean differences (SMD) of outcomes and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS In total, ten studies were included, all of wich demonstrated medium risk of bias. All studies tested the push-out bond strength by means of a universal testing machine with applying a load ranging between 0.5 and 1 mm/min speed. Of the 10 studies, nine (90 %) indicated that PDT had no effect on push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin. Only one study indicated that PDT significantly improved the bond strength when compared with other control groups. The overall mean difference for push out bond strength showed no statistically significant difference between PDT and the control group (SMD = -1.11 [-3.25, 1.02], Z=-1.02, p = 0.305). CONCLUSION This systematic review concludes that PDT has no effect on improving the push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Bin-Shuwaish
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
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