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Otaegi-Ugartemendia M, Matheu A, Carrasco-Garcia E. Impact of Cancer Stem Cells on Therapy Resistance in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061457. [PMID: 35326607 PMCID: PMC8946717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with an average 5-year survival rate of 32%, being of 6% for patients presenting distant metastasis. Despite the advances made in the treatment of GC, chemoresistance phenomena arise and promote recurrence, dissemination and dismal prognosis. In this context, gastric cancer stem cells (gCSCs), a small subset of cancer cells that exhibit unique characteristics, are decisive in therapy failure. gCSCs develop different protective mechanisms, such as the maintenance in a quiescent state as well as enhanced detoxification procedures and drug efflux activity, that make them insusceptible to current treatments. This, together with their self-renewal capacity and differentiation ability, represents major obstacles for the eradication of this disease. Different gCSC regulators have been described and used to isolate and characterize these cell populations. However, at the moment, no therapeutic strategy has achieved the effective targeting of gCSCs. This review will focus on the properties of cancer stem cells in the context of therapy resistance and will summarize current knowledge regarding the impact of the gCSC regulators that have been associated with GC chemoradioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.O.-U.); (A.M.)
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Estefania Carrasco-Garcia
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.O.-U.); (A.M.)
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-943-006296
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2
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is present in approximately one-half of the world's population. There are significant differences in prevalence based on region, age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. H pylori is the most common cause of infection-related cancers. Studies have demonstrated the relationship between H pylori infection and gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. H pylori has features and enzymatic properties allowing it to survive in the acidic stomach environment, and has specific virulence factors that promote an increased risk of gastric pathology. Eradication of H pylori is first-line therapy for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and decreases the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma.
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3
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Kang XL, He LR, Chen YL, Wang SB. Role of doublecortin-like kinase 1 and leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 in patients with stage II/III colorectal cancer: Cancer progression and prognosis. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:6853-6866. [PMID: 33268966 PMCID: PMC7684452 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i43.6853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with the potential of self-renewal and differentiation. CSCs play critical roles in tumorigenesis, recurrence, metastasis, radiation tolerance and chemoresistance.
AIM To assess the expression patterns and clinical potential of doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) and leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), as prognostic CSC markers of colorectal cancer (CRC).
METHODS The expression of DCLK1 and Lgr5 in CRC tissue sections from 92 patients was determined by immunohistochemistry. Each case was evaluated using a combined scoring method based on signal intensity staining (scored 0-3) and the proportion of positively stained cancer cells (scored 0-3). The final staining score was calculated as the intensity score multiplied by the proportion score. Low expression of DCLK1 and Lgr5 was defined as a score of 0-3; high expression of DCLK1 and Lgr5 was defined as a score of ≥ 4. Specimens were categorized as either high or low expression, and the correlation between the expression of DCLK1 or Lgr5 and clinicopathological factors was investigated.
RESULTS DCLK1 and Lgr5 expression levels were significantly positively correlated. CRC patients with high DCLK1, Lgr5 and DCLK1/Lgr5 expressions had poorer progression-free survival and overall survival. Moreover, high expression of DCLK1 was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and overall survival in patients with CRC by multivariate analysis (P = 0.026 and P = 0.049, respectively).
CONCLUSION DCLK1 may be a potential CSC marker for the recurrence and survival of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Kang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Rui He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yao-Li Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu-Bin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, China Cancer Institute of Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
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4
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Correlation of clinicopathological features and LGR5 expression in colon adenocarcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 48:151587. [PMID: 32829068 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) are closely related to tumorigenesis and treatment response, and LGR5 is currently the most robust and reliable CSC marker in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, LGR5 expression in CRC tumor budding (TB) is not well understood. We examined the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of LGR5 in CRC TB. LGR5 expression was evaluated by RNAscope, a newly developed RNA in situ hybridization technique, using a tissue microarray consisting of 55 patient samples of TB in colon adenocarcinoma (CA) selected from the medical archives at our hospital. Patients were stratified into negative and positive LGR5 expression groups. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and histological grade were lower in the LGR5-positive group compared with the LGR5-negative group (P = .0407 and P = .0436, respectively). There was no significant difference in overall survival between the LGR5-positive group and the LGR5-negative group (log-rank test, P = .6931). LGR5 expression did not remain a predictor of prognosis in univariate analysis (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.33-2.02, P = .6928). LGR5 expression may be affected by TILs, which have been demonstrated to be associated with worse prognosis in the budding area of CA and is an important potential marker of prognosis.
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Li F, Song X, Li X, Zhang X, Feng X, Wang L, Xu L, Luo J, Zhu B, Ren W, Yu H, Yu Y. Lgr5 maintains stemness and regulates cell property in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res 2020; 47:101916. [PMID: 32721896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor in Southern China and Southeast Asia. In this study, we found that Leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) was highly expressed in NPC tissues and marked NPC stem cells. Lgr5high tumors showed differential transcriptional landscape compared to Lgr5not high tumors. Lgr5 expression was associated with the clinicopathologic features in NPC and was able to regulate the stemness and viability of NPC cell line CNE1 and HNE1. Meanwhile, the migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was modulated by Lgr5 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, Lgr5 could regulate the sensitivity of NPC cells to chemotherapy drugs. Xenografted tumors from Lgr5-overexpressed CNE1 cells showed stronger tumor forming capacity and higher expression level of stem cell markers. Thus, we characterized previously unidentified role of Lgr5 in NPC cells, potential serving as a NPC stem cell biomarker and a therapeutic target against NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xiaole Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Xuewen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Xiaoyu Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Lun Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Jiqin Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Bijun Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Wenwen Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China.
| | - Hongmeng Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 China.
| | - Yiqun Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 China; Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China.
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Ogasawara S, Uehara T, Nakajima T, Iwaya M, Maeno K, Tsuchiya S, Ota H, Ito KI. Correlation of Clinicopathological Features and LGR5 Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 46:151491. [PMID: 32163872 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
LGR5 is the most robust known stem cell marker for gastrointestinal tumors, but there are few reports in breast cancer. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant subtype of breast cancer, and thus identification of new cancer stem cell populations in TNBC may help to identify targeted therapies. LGR5 expression was evaluated by RNAscope, a newly developed RNA in situ hybridization technique, using a tissue microarray consisting of 43 patient samples of TNBC selected from the medical archives at our hospital. Patients were stratified into negative and positive LGR5 expression groups. Tumor necrosis was greater in the LGR5-positive group compared with the LGR5-negative group (P = .026). Mitosis tended to show a high value in the LGR5-positive group compared with the LGR5-negative group (P = .0831), while stage tended to show a high stage in the LGR5-positive group compared with the LGR5-negative group (P = .0617). Cox proportional hazards models revealed that the LGR5-positive group (overall survival (OS) = 2.12; 95% CI: 2.12-2.12; P = 0.1575) had no relationship with OS. LGR5 expression is associated with tumor necrosis of TNBC and suggested higher malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souya Ogasawara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Nakajima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Mai Iwaya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kazuma Maeno
- Division of Breast, Endocrine and Respiratory Surgery, Department of Surgery (II), , Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ito
- Division of Breast, Endocrine and Respiratory Surgery, Department of Surgery (II), , Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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7
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Zhou Y, Xiang J, Bhandari A, Wen J, Lin B, Kong L, Wang O. LRRC52-AS1 is associated with clinical progression and regulates cell migration and invasion in papillary thyroid cancer. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:696-702. [PMID: 31855284 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased in recent decades. The potential molecular mechanisms of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) are still to be uncovered. In recent years, a number of studies reported that LRRC super family members are up-regulated in cancer cells. Cancer cells can experience a feature change from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype, which is called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during cancer progression. We found that LRRC52-AS1 is highly expressed in PTC cell lines rather than normal tissues and this observation was consistent with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. In a word, LRRC52-AS1 is associated with clinical progression in papillary thyroid cancer. In vitro experiments showed that knocking down LRRC52-AS1 significantly decreased the migration and invasion of the PTC cell lines (BCPAP and TPC). Meanwhile, LRRC52-AS1 may influence the progress of papillary thyroid cancer via mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, vimentin and TAZ. The LRRC52-AS1 gene is up-regulated in papillary thyroid cancer, and knockdown of LRRC52-AS1 could restrain cellular migration, and invasion in vitro. This study indicated that LRRC52-AS1 is a gene associated with PTC and might become a potential therapeutic target in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Xiang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Adheesh Bhandari
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Wen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bangyi Lin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lingguo Kong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ouchen Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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8
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Kuraishi Y, Uehara T, Kobayashi Y, Nakajima T, Watanabe T, Shimizu A, Ota H, Tanaka E. Correlation of clinicopathological features and leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152623. [PMID: 31543221 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common form of pancreatic cancer. Previous studies have established leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) as a cancer stem cell marker in gastrointestinal cancers. However, few reports have examined LGR5 in PDAC. Here we examined LGR5 expression and its clinicopathological significance in PDAC. We evaluated LGR5 expression in 78 PDAC patients who underwent surgical resection in our institution using RNAscope, a newly described RNA in situ hybridization technique. All 78 PDAC cases expressed LGR5 in cancer tissues, and LGR5 expression was prominent in the gland-forming part. LGR5 expression was significantly higher in patients with low histological grade (G1-G2) (p < 0.001) and early clinical stage (p = 0.004). Univariate analysis showed that low LGR5 expression (p = 0.034) was significantly associated with worse overall survival. However, LGR5 expression did not remain a predictor of prognosis in multivariate analysis (p = 0.639). All PDAC cases showed LGR5 expression to varying degrees, indicating LGR5 might be a cancer stem cell marker of PDAC, as in gastrointestinal cancer. Reduced LGR5 expression in tumor cells was associated with worse prognosis in PDAC. Further studies are required to elucidate the relationship between tumor progression and LGR5 expression in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kuraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakajima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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9
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Correlation of clinicopathological features and LGR5 expression in colon adenocarcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 40:161-165. [PMID: 31100646 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) are closely related to tumorigenesis and treatment response, and LGR5 is currently the most robust and reliable CSC marker in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, LGR5 expression in CRC tumor budding (TB) is not well understood. We examined the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of LGR5 in CRC TB. LGR5 expression was evaluated by RNAscope, a newly developed RNA in situ hybridization technique, using a tissue microarray consisting of 55 patient samples of TB in colon adenocarcinoma (CA) selected from the medical archives at our hospital. Patients were stratified into negative and positive LGR5 expression groups. Inflammatory cell infiltration was weaker and histological grade was lower in the LGR5-positive group compared with the LGR5-negative group (P = 0.0407 and P = 0.0436, respectively). There was a significant difference in OS between the LGR5-positive group and LGR5-negative group (log-rank test, P = 0.0088). Cox proportional hazards models revealed that the LGR5-positive group (Overall survival (OS) = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.17-0.79, P = 0.0101) had better OS. LGR5 expression may be affected by inflammatory cell infiltration in the budding area of CA and is an important potential marker of prognosis.
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Han SH, Kim JW, Kim M, Kim JH, Lee KW, Kim BH, Oh HK, Kim DW, Kang SB, Kim H, Shin E. Prognostic implication of ABC transporters and cancer stem cell markers in patients with stage III colon cancer receiving adjuvant FOLFOX-4 chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5572-5580. [PMID: 31186779 PMCID: PMC6507487 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are associated with treatment resistance and outcomes of patients with cancer. The present study investigated the prognostic implications of pre-therapeutic expression of ABC transporters and CSC markers in patients with colon cancer (CC) who received adjuvant 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin combination therapy (FOLFOX-4). The immunohistochemical expression of 3 ABC transporters, including ABC subfamily C member 2 (ABCC2), ABCC3 and ABC subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), and 3 CSC markers, including sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, were determined in 164 CC tissues from patients with stage III CC, who underwent postoperative FOLFOX-4 chemotherapy. The association between the protein expression and patients' prognoses was statistically analyzed. ABCG2 was associated with favorable overall survival rate (OS; P=0.001), and ABCC2, ABCG2 and SOX2 were associated with increased disease-free survival rate (DFS; P=0.001, 0.002 and 0.013, respectively). In multivariate analyses, ABCG2 was an independent prognostic factor for OS [hazard ratio (HR)=2.877; P=0.046], and ABCC2 and SOX2 were independent prognostic factors for DFS (HR=2.831; P=0.014; HR=2.558, P=0.020, respectively). ABCC2, ABCG2 and SOX2 may be promising prognostic markers for patients with CC receiving FOLFOX-4 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Hee Han
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University School of Medicine, Busan, South Gyeongsang 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Milim Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hyung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Kwon Oh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunchul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 18450, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Shin
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 18450, Republic of Korea
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11
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Souza SMD, Valiente AEF, Sá KM, Juanes CDC, Rodrigues BJ, Farias ACC, Campelo CC, Silva PGDB, Almeida PRCD. Immunoexpression of LGR4 and Β-Catenin in Gastric Cancer and Normal Gastric Mucosa. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:519-527. [PMID: 30803215 PMCID: PMC6897001 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.2.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We evaluated the immunoexpression of LGR4 and β-catenin in primary gastric carcinomas, lymph node metastases and histologically normal gastric mucosa in the surgical margins of gastric primary tumours. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional, observational study, based on 75 gastric carcinoma specimens from gastrectomies conducted at the hospital of the Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. The samples were analysed by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test and Pearson’s linear regression were used in this study. Results: LGR4 expression was greater in the histologically normal gastric mucosa (basal third of the epithelial thickness) of the tumour surgical resection margin than in the cases of primary carcinomas (P<0.001, mainly diffuse-histotype cancer margins), and also in the number of cells stained in the normal mucosa (P<0.0001). Primary intestinal-type carcinomas showed greater positivity for LGR4 than diffuse tumours (59% vs 13%, P<0.0001) and in these the positivity was higher in the metastases (P=0.0242). The membranous immunoexpression of β-catenin was ubiquitous in the normal mucosa and present in 2/3 of the positive carcinomas. In only one case, nuclear β-catenin expression was observed. Most LGR4-positive cases were stained for membranous β-catenin but not the opposite (P<0.01). Conclusion: LGR4 is a likely biomarker of stem cells in the normal gastric mucosa and carcinomas of the stomach, not specific to cancer cells and positively associated with cell proliferation. LGR4 immunoexpression is more frequent and found in a larger number of cells in normal tissues than in tumour samples. Expression of β-catenin in the junctional membrane-complex occurred predominantly, in positive cases of gastric carcinomas and very rarely in the nucleus. LGR4 apparently influenced the membranous expression of β-catenin. These findings suggest a controversial role for LGR4, related to proliferative status and inversely related to tumour progression, in contrast to most previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Moreira de Souza
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
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12
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Rot S, Kaune T, Taubert H, Greither T, Kotrba J, Güttler A, Wichmann H, Bilkenroth U, Wienke A, Al-Nawas B, Bache M, Vordermark D, Wickenhauser C, Bethmann D, Eckert AW, Kappler M. Prognostic impact of mRNA levels of LGR5 transcript variants in OSCC patients. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:155. [PMID: 30770730 PMCID: PMC6377725 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human leucine-rich, repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a stem cell marker in numerous adult tissues and is overexpressed in a large number of human carcinoma including colon cancer, breast cancer and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). The role of the full length transcript (LGR5FL) in progression and prognosis of several cancers was reported. However, the biological function of three splice variants of LGR5 (LGR5Δ5, LGR5Δ8 and LGR5Δ5–8) has yet to be thoroughly investigated. Methods Seventy-eight frozen tumor samples from adult OSCC patients were studied using quantitative real-time TaqMan™ PCR analysis. The mRNA levels of full length LGR5, the splice variant of LGR5 lacking exon 5 (LGR5Δ5), the splice variant of LGR5 lacking exon 8 (LGR5Δ8) and the mRNA level of all known transcript variants together (LGR5all) were quantified and correlated to overall and disease-specific survival of OSCC patients, clinical parameters and the mRNA level of different tumor-associated markers. Results An elevated level of tumoral LGR5Δ5 mRNA, but not LGR5FL, LGR5Δ8 or LGR5all mRNA was significantly associated with a poor prognosis for the overall and disease-specific survival of OSCC patients (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.0; p = 0.02; 95% CI: 1.1–3.7; HR = 3.2; p = 0.01; 95% CI: 1.3–8.0; multivariable Cox regression), respectively. Additionally, a higher tumoral level of LGR5Δ5 mRNA in primary tumors was associated with the occurrence of regional lymph node metastases in OSCC patients (odds ratio (OR) = 3.1; p = 0.022; 95% CI: 1.2–7.9; binary logistic regression). Furthermore, the mRNA levels of all investigated LGR5 transcript variants were significantly correlated with the mRNA expression of Wnt-target genes and markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conclusion The mRNA level of the LGR5 splice variant LGR5Δ5 is an independent negative prognostic marker for overall and disease-specific survival and metastasis in OSCC patients. Additionally, we suggest, all LGR5 transcript variants are involved in the EMT process mainly through activating the Wnt-signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetlana Rot
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str, 40 06097, Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Tom Kaune
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str, 40 06097, Halle/Saale, Germany.,Present address: Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, FA University Hospital Erlangen, FA University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Greither
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Johanna Kotrba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str, 40 06097, Halle/Saale, Germany.,Present address: Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Antje Güttler
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Henri Wichmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str, 40 06097, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Wienke
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str, 40 06097, Halle/Saale, Germany.,Present address: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bache
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel Bethmann
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexander W Eckert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str, 40 06097, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str, 40 06097, Halle/Saale, Germany
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Carrasco-Garcia E, García-Puga M, Arevalo S, Matheu A. Towards precision medicine: linking genetic and cellular heterogeneity in gastric cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918794628. [PMID: 30181784 PMCID: PMC6116075 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918794628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and cellular heterogeneity are phenomena that are revolutionizing
oncology research and becoming critical to the idea of personalized medicine.
Recent comprehensive molecular profiling has identified molecular subtypes of
gastric cancer (GC) and linked them to clinical information. Moreover, GC stem
cells (gCSCs) have been identified and found to be responsible for GC initiation
and progression, Helicobacter pylori oncogenic action and
therapy resistance. Addressing molecular heterogeneity is critical for achieving
an optimal therapeutic approach against GC as well as targeting gCSCs. In this
review, we outline the implications of molecular and cellular heterogeneity in
the treatment of GC and we summarize the clinical impact of the most important
regulators of gCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Carrasco-Garcia
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Gipuzkoa, Spain CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel García-Puga
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Sara Arevalo
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain s/n, Gipuzkoa, 20014, Spain IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes) Madrid, Spain
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14
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Xu X, Lv Q, Xie P, Wei S, Wang C. Study on the Relationship between Expression of LGR5 and Clinicopathological Characteristics in Gastric Cancer Patients. Health (London) 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2018.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Overexpression of leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 25:904-908. [PMID: 30108439 PMCID: PMC6087805 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Novel prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed for patients with HCC. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) overexpression may promote tumor metastasis in HCC. However, few studies investigate the prognosis predictive role of LGR5 in patients with HCC. Herein, we aimed to examine the expression level of LGR5 in tumors and its correlation with clinical characteristics and survivals of patients with HCC. LGR5 expression in tumor specimens and adjacent tissue resected from 66 patients were detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the expression of LGR5 was markedly higher in HCC than in normal adjacent tissues (P = .006). High expression of LGR5 was significantly correlated with later disease stage (P = .009). In addition, high LGR5 expression was remarkably correlated with short overall survival than those with low LGR5 expression (P < .05). The median overall survival of patients with high LGR5 expression was 12 months, whereas that of patients with low LGR5 expression was still not reached (longer than 70 months). Notably, in our limited cases, we did not detect any difference in tumor size, lymphatic invasion, or metastasis in patients with high or low expression of LGR5. In conclusion, high protein level of LGR5 was associated with poor prognosis of these patients. LGR5 appears to be a valuable prognostic predictor clinically and a potential target in HCC therapy.
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Kalantari E, Asadi Lari MH, Roudi R, Korourian A, Madjd Z. Lgr5High/DCLK1High phenotype is more common in early stage and intestinal subtypes of gastric carcinomas. Cancer Biomark 2017; 20:563-573. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kalantari
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asadi Lari
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Korourian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang J, Xu K, Shi L, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Xu H, Liang F, Li H, Zhao Y, Xu X, Tian Y. Overexpression of MicroRNA-216a Suppresses Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Glioma Cells by Targeting Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5. Oncol Res 2017; 25:1317-1327. [PMID: 28256193 PMCID: PMC7840945 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14874323871217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the development of gliomas. MicroRNA-216a has been reported to be a tumor-associated miRNA in many types of cancer, either as an oncogene or as a tumor suppressor. However, little is known about the function of miR-216a in gliomas. The present study was designed to explore the potential role of miR-216a in gliomas. We found that miR-216a was significantly decreased in glioma tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-216a significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) was identified as a target gene of miR-216a in glioma cells by bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. Moreover, miR-216a overexpression inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The restoration of LGR5 expression markedly reversed the antitumor effect of miR-216a in glioma cells. Taken together, these findings suggest a tumor suppressor role for miR-216a in gliomas, which inhibits glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting LGR5. Our study suggests that miR-216a may serve as a potential therapeutic target for future glioma treatment.
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18
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Jang BG, Lee BL, Kim WH. Prognostic significance of leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5, an intestinal stem cell marker, in gastric carcinomas. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:767-77. [PMID: 26386561 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells expressing LGR5, an intestinal stem cell marker, have been suggested as cancer stem cells in human colon cancers. Previously, we discovered that LGR5-expressing cells exist in the gastric antrum and remarkably increase in number in intestinal metaplasia. In addition, most gastric adenomas contain abundant LGR5-expressing cells coexpressing intestinal stem cell signatures. However, LGR5 expression in gastric cancers (GCs) and its prognostic significance remain unknown. METHODS We examined the LGR5 expression in GC tissues by real time-PCR and RNA in situ hybridization, and analyzed its clinicopathological relevance and prognostic value. The effects of LGR5 on cancer cell proliferation and migration were assessed with an in vitro transfection technique. RESULTS LGR5 expression was significantly lower in GCs than in matched nontumorous gastric mucosa. RNA in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays showed that 7 % of GCs were positive for LGR5. LGR5 positivity was associated with old age, well to moderate differentiation, and nuclear β-catenin positivity. Although LGR5 did not show any prognostic significance for all GC cases, it was associated with poor survival in GCs with nuclear β-catenin expression. LGR5 expression was induced by transfection in GC cell lines with abnormal Wnt activation, which, however, showed no influence on the growth and migration of GC cells. CONCLUSION A small portion of GCs expressed LGR5. Although LGR5 was associated with poor survival in GCs with nuclear β-catenin, LGR5 expression in GC cells had no effects on the growth and migration, requiring a further study exploring a biological role of LGR5 in GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Byung Lan Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea.
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Liu GH, Liu YH, Yang Z, Zhu AL, Zhao CL. MicroRNA-524-5p suppresses the growth and invasive abilities of gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:1926-1932. [PMID: 26998102 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with tumor development and progression. miRNA-524-5p (miR-524-5p) has been reported to be involved in the development and progression of several types of cancer, but its role in gastric cancer has not been fully elucidated to date. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the expression levels and function of miR-524-5p in human gastric cancer. The expression levels of miR-524-5p were assessed in gastric cancer specimens and cell lines, including MKN-45, SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cell lines and gastric epithelial mucosa GES-1 cells, using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell proliferation and cell apoptosis assays and invasion analysis in gastric cancer cell lines were performed to evaluate the effects of miR-524-5p on gastric cancer cells in vitro. The expression levels of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were determined by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The expression of miR-524-5p was significantly decreased in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Additionally, the results of the in vitro experiments demonstrated that overexpression of miR-524-5p inhibited cell proliferation and invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cell lines transfected with miR-524-5p exhibited reduced expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that miR-524-5p may function as a novel tumor suppressor gene in gastric cancer, and may serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Hua Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - A-Li Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Amieva M, Peek RM. Pathobiology of Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:64-78. [PMID: 26385073 PMCID: PMC4691563 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 544] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colonization of the human stomach by Helicobacter pylori and its role in causing gastric cancer is one of the richest examples of a complex relationship among human cells, microbes, and their environment. It is also a puzzle of enormous medical importance given the incidence and lethality of gastric cancer worldwide. We review recent findings that have changed how we view these relationships and affected the direction of gastric cancer research. For example, recent data have indicated that subtle mismatches between host and microbe genetic traits greatly affect the risk of gastric cancer. The ability of H pylori and its oncoprotein CagA to reprogram epithelial cells and activate properties of stemness show the sophisticated relationship between H pylori and progenitor cells in the gastric mucosa. The observation that cell-associated H pylori can colonize the gastric glands and directly affect precursor and stem cells supports these observations. The ability to mimic these interactions in human gastric organoid cultures as well as animal models will allow investigators to more fully unravel the extent of H pylori control on the renewing gastric epithelium. Finally, our realization that external environmental factors, such as dietary components and essential micronutrients, as well as the gastrointestinal microbiota, can change the balance between H pylori's activity as a commensal or a pathogen has provided direction to studies aimed at defining the full carcinogenic potential of this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Amieva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Su S, Hong F, Liang Y, Zhou J, Liang Y, Chen K, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang Z, Chang C, Han W, Gong W, Qin H, Jiang B, Xiong H, Peng L. Lgr5 Methylation in Cancer Stem Cell Differentiation and Prognosis-Prediction in Colorectal Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143513. [PMID: 26599100 PMCID: PMC4657969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (lgr5) is a candidate marker for colorectal cancer stem cells (CSC). In the current study, we investigated the methylation status within thelgr5 promoter and evaluated its relationship with CSC differentiation, prognosis for colorectal cancer, and its clinicopathological features. METHODS The methylation status within Lgr5 promoter was detected with a methylation-specific PCR in six colorectal cancer cell lines as well as 169 primary colorectal tumor tissues. Differentiation of CSC was examined with immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry. Down-regulation of lgr5 was achieved with gene-specific siRNA. The associations between lgr5 methylation and the clinicopathological features as well as survival of patients were analyzed with statistical methods. RESULTS The lgr5 promoter was methylated to different degrees for the six colorectal cell lines examined, with complete methylation observed in HCT116 cells in which the lgr5 expression was partially recovered following DAC treatment. The stem-cell sphere formation from HCT116 cells was accompanied by increasing methylation within the lgr5 promoter and decreasing expression of lgr5. Knocking down lgr5 by siRNA also led to stem-cell spheres formation. Among primary colorectal tumors, 40% (67/169) were positive for lgr5 methylation, while none of the normal colon tissues were positive for lgr5 methylation. Furthermore, lgr5 methylation significantly associated with higher tumor grade, and negative distant metastasis (p < 0.05), as well as better prognosis (p = 0.001) in patients with colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that lgr5 methylation, through the regulation of lgr5 expression and colorectal CSC differentiation, may constitute a novel prognostic marker for colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Feng Hong
- Institute of liver diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong, 273100, China
| | - Yanling Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jieqiong Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhongqiu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhiqing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Cassie Chang
- Immunology Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States of America
| | - Weihua Han
- Second affiliated hospital of XingTai medical college, Hebei, 054002, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haitao Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Immunology Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, United States of America
| | - Liang Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- * E-mail:
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Effects of Weipixiao (胃痞消) on Wnt pathway-associated proteins in gastric mucosal epithelial cells from rats with gastric precancerous lesions. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 22:267-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Han Y, Xue X, Jiang M, Guo X, Li P, Liu F, Yuan B, Shen Y, Guo X, Zhi Q, Zhao H. LGR5, a relevant marker of cancer stem cells, indicates a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39:267-73. [PMID: 25193236 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) has been identified as a putative intestinal stem cell marker. However, the clinical prognosis of Lgr5 is still controversial in colorectal cancer (CRC). To systematically summarize the clinical prognostic function of Lgr5 in colorectal cancer, we performed this meta-analysis. METHODS Published articles which assessed the clinical or prognostic role of Lgr5 was searched in Pubmed, Embase and Springer and collected until the publication month of February 2014. The association of Lgr5 expression with clinical outcomes was investigated by a meta- analysis. RESULTS A total of 8 studies have been up to the inclusion standard, comprised 2139 patients. Lgr5 showed no relationship with the gender of patients (OR=0.919, 95% CI=0.730-1.157, P=0.473) and the depth of invasion (OR=2.616, CI 95%=0.947-7.221, P=0.063). Lgr5 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (OR=2.248, 95%CI=1.205-4.192, P=0.011), tumor distance metastasis (OR=3.872, 95%CI=2.792-5.370, P<0.001) and classification of TNM (pooled OR=3.264, 95% CI=1.731-6.155, P<0.001). Overall, overexpression of Lgr5 was statistically related to the reduced overall survival (HR=6.130, 95% CI=2.845-13.210, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Lgr5 participates in the progression of CRC as a putative factor. Overexpression of Lgr5 was distinctly correlated with poor patient survival. These findings suggested that Lgr5 might serve as an efficient biomarker for prognostic indicator, and could be a new molecular target in colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaobo Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Pu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yichen Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xingpo Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Qiaoming Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Wang Y, Jiang CQ, Fan LF. Correlation of Musashi-1, Lgr5, and pEGFR expressions in human small intestinal adenocarcinomas. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6075-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Chen Q, Cao HZ, Zheng PS. LGR5 promotes the proliferation and tumor formation of cervical cancer cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2014; 5:9092-105. [PMID: 25193857 PMCID: PMC4253421 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), a seven transmembrane receptor known as a potential stem cell marker for intestinal crypts and hair follicles, has recently been found to be overexpressed in some types of human cancers. However, the role of LGR5 in cervical cancer remains unclear. In this study, the expression of LGR5 gradually increases from normal cervix to cervical cancer in situ and to cervical cancers as revealed by immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses. Through knocking down or overexpressing LGR5 in SiHa and HeLa cells, the expression level of LGR5 was found to be positively related to cell proliferation in vitro and to tumor formation in vivo. Further investigation indicated that LGR5 protein could significantly promote the acceleration of cell cycle. Moreover, the TOP-Flash reporter assay and western blot for β-catenin, cyclinD1, and c-myc proteins, target genes of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, indicated that LGR5 significantly activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Additionally, the blockage of Wnt/β-catenin pathway resulted in a significant inhibition of cell proliferation induced by LGR5. Taken together, these results demonstrate that LGR5 can promote proliferation and tumor formation in cervical cancer cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi'an, the People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi'an, the People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Zhe Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi'an, the People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi'an, the People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi'an, the People's Republic of China
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi'an, the People's Republic of China
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Effendi K, Yamazaki K, Fukuma M, Sakamoto M. Overexpression of Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 (LGR5) Represents a Typical Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway-Activated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2014; 3:451-7. [PMID: 26280006 PMCID: PMC4531428 DOI: 10.1159/000343873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and most frequently lethal cancers worldwide. Although many advances have been made in the analysis of multistage hepatocarcinogenesis, we still lack information to guide adequate clinical management options for HCC. A large number of genetic alterations occur during hepatocarcinogenesis, and many genetic studies have indicated that one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes found in HCC is β-catenin. SUMMARY Molecular subclassification of HCC based on gene expression signatures has identified a typical hepatocyte-like subclass of HCC harboring β-catenin mutations; this subclass is characterized by better histological differentiation and a less aggressive nature. We previously identified overexpression of the leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), also known as GPR49, in HCC with β-catenin mutations. LGR5 has been indicated as one of the downstream target genes of the Wnt signaling pathway; however, the functional role of LGR5 in cancer is largely unknown. We demonstrated that HCC cells transfected with LGR5 exhibited higher colony forming activity and were more resistant to a cytotoxic drug than the control HCC cells were. Overexpression of LGR5 also retarded cell migration. LGR5-transfected HCC cells formed nodule-type tumors in the livers of immunodeficient mice, whereas control cells formed more invasive tumors. Results of our recent research suggest that aberrant expression of LGR5 could regulate the epithelial cell phenotype and promotes HCC cell survival. HCC cells overexpressing LGR5 seem to represent a typical phenotype of a less aggressive HCC. KEY MESSAGES Recent efforts on the molecular classification of HCC have led us to new strategies for dealing with HCC. These specific signatures may predict the risk of recurrence or the patient survival rate, which affect the outlook and may suggest treatment strategies for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michiie Sakamoto
- *Michiie Sakamoto, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582 (Japan), Tel. +81 3 5363 3764, E-Mail
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Chen Q, Zhang X, Li WM, Ji YQ, Cao HZ, Zheng P. Prognostic value of LGR5 in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107013. [PMID: 25192390 PMCID: PMC4156381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) has recently been reported to be a marker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in colorectal cancer (CRC), and the prognostic value of LGR5 in CRC has been evaluated in several studies. However, the conclusions remain controversial. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between the expression of LGR5 and the outcome of CRC patients by performing a meta-analysis. Methods We systematically searched for relevant studies published up to February 2014 using the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Wangfang databases. Only articles in which LGR5 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry were included. A meta-analysis was performed using STATA 12.0, and pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the strength of the association between LGR5 expression and the prognosis of CRC patients. Results A total of 7 studies comprising 1833 CRC patients met the inclusion criteria, including 6 studies comprising 1781 patients for overall survival (OS) and 3 studies comprising 528 patients for disease-free survival (DFS). Our results showed that high LGR5 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in terms of OS (HR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.23–2.84; P = 0.003) and DFS (HR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.49–3.98; P<0.001). Further subgroup analysis revealed that many factors, including the study region, number of patients, follow-up duration and cutoff value, affected the significance of the association between LGR5 expression and a worse prognosis in patients with CRC. In addition, there was no evidence of publication bias, as suggested by Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Conclusions The present meta-analysis indicated that high LGR5 expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with CRC and that LGR5 is an efficient prognostic factor in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ji
- Institute of Cardiovascular research, the First Hospital of Xi’an, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-Zhe Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengsheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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