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El Khattabi O, Lamwati Y, Henkrar F, Collin B, Levard C, Colin F, Smouni A, Fahr M. Lead-induced changes in plant cell ultrastructure: an overview. Biometals 2024:10.1007/s10534-024-00639-5. [PMID: 39325137 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-024-00639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most harmful toxic metals and causes severe damage to plants even at low concentrations. Pb inhibits plant development, reduces photosynthesis rates, and causes metabolic disfunctions. Plant cells display these alterations in the form of abnormal morphological modifications resulting from ultrastructural changes in the cell wall, plasma membrane, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and nuclei. Depending on plant tolerance capacity, the ultrastructural changes could be either a sign of toxicity that limits plant development or an adaptive strategy to cope with Pb stress. This paper gathers data on Pb-induced changes in cell ultrastructure observed in many tolerant and hyperaccumulator plants and describes the ultrastructural changes that appear to be mechanisms to alleviate Pb toxicity. The different modifications caused by Pb in cell organelles are summarized and reinforced with hypotheses that provide an overview of plant responses to Pb stress and explain the physiological and morphological changes that occur in tolerant plants. These ultrastructural modifications could help assess the potential of plants for use in phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima El Khattabi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Batouta BP 1014 RP, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable "LMI-AMIR", IRD/UM5/INAU, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
- CEREGE - IRD, Aix Marseille University, 13100, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Youssef Lamwati
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Batouta BP 1014 RP, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable "LMI-AMIR", IRD/UM5/INAU, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
- CEREGE - IRD, Aix Marseille University, 13100, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale - Aix Marseille University, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Fatima Henkrar
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Batouta BP 1014 RP, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable "LMI-AMIR", IRD/UM5/INAU, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Blanche Collin
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable "LMI-AMIR", IRD/UM5/INAU, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
- CEREGE - IRD, Aix Marseille University, 13100, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Clement Levard
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable "LMI-AMIR", IRD/UM5/INAU, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
- CEREGE - IRD, Aix Marseille University, 13100, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Fabrice Colin
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable "LMI-AMIR", IRD/UM5/INAU, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
- CEREGE - IRD, Aix Marseille University, 13100, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Abdelaziz Smouni
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Batouta BP 1014 RP, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable "LMI-AMIR", IRD/UM5/INAU, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouna Fahr
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Batouta BP 1014 RP, 10000, Rabat, Morocco.
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable "LMI-AMIR", IRD/UM5/INAU, 10000, Rabat, Morocco.
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Adamczyk-Szabela D, Wolf WM. The Influence of Copper and Zinc on Photosynthesis and Phenolic Levels in Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.), Borage ( Borago officinalis L.), Common Nettle ( Urtica dioica L.) and Peppermint ( Mentha piperita L.). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3612. [PMID: 38612424 PMCID: PMC11011574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This work is aimed at relationships which govern zinc and copper uptake by four popular medicinal herbs: basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), borage (Borago officinalis L.), common nettle (Urtica dioica L.) and peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). They are often grown in soils with significant copper or zinc levels. Herbs were cultivated by a pot method in controlled conditions. Manganese, iron, copper and zinc concentrations were determined by High-Resolution Continuum Source Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The efficiency of photosynthesis was estimated by measuring the chlorophyll content, water use efficiency, net photosynthesis, intercellular CO2, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. Phenolic compounds were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Analysis of variance showed that herbs grown in soil treated with copper exhibited a lower iron content in roots, while manganese behaved in the opposite way. The only exception was borage, where a decrease in the manganese content in roots was observed. Both copper and zinc supplementations increased the total content of phenolics, while the highest increases were observed for common nettle and basil. Peppermint and borage responded less to supplementation. In the majority of samples, zinc and copper did not significantly affect the photosynthesis. Herbal extracts from common nettle and basil had unique antioxidant properties and may be good free radical scavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Adamczyk-Szabela
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
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Sharma J, Kumar S, Kumar V, Singh P, Khyalia P, Saini S, Sharma P, Kumar A, Sharma A. Stress-mitigating behavior of glycine betaine to enhance growth performance by suppressing the oxidative stress in Pb-stressed barley genotypes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:7498-7513. [PMID: 38158536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The toxicity of lead (Pb) in agricultural soil is constantly increasing as a result of anthropogenic activities. Pb is one of the most phytotoxic metals in soil that accumulates in plant tissue, resulting in yield loss. It is currently becoming more popular to supplement glycine betaine (GB) for Pb-induced stress tolerance in crop plants. Currently, no report describes the use of GB as a stress mitigator for growth attributes and stress-specific biomarkers in barley plants under Pb stress conditions. Hence, the present research was designed to examine the stress-mitigating behavior of GB on various growth attributes including germination percentage, seed vigor index (SVI), radicle length, plant biomass (fresh and dry), shoot and root length, physiological attributes such as relative water content (RWC), and stress-specific biomarkers like electrolyte leakage (EL), and H2O2 content of two barley varieties viz. BH959 and BH946 at three Pb stress treatments (15 mM, 25 mM, and 35 mM), with and without GB (2 mM) supplementation in natural conditions. The present investigation showed that at the highest Pb stress (35 mM), the germination rate was reduced to zero, and the growth attributes and RWC of both barley varieties were also reduced as compared to the non-stressed plants (control) with an increase in Pb treatment. However, EL up to 70% and H2O2 content up to 30% increased with an increase in Pb stress concentration indicated by ROS accumulation, resulting in more oxidative stress. Additionally, GB application alleviated the toxic effect of Pb stress by improving the rate of germination by 33.3% and growth performance by reducing the ROS accumulation in terms of reducing stress biomarkers H2O2 by 25%, and EL by 12%. It has been revealed that the application of GB can minimize or reduce the toxic effects caused by Pb toxicity in both varieties, positively modulating plant growth performances and lowering oxidative stress. This research may provide a scientific basis for assessing Pb tolerance in barley plants and developing alternative approaches to protecting them from the severe effects of Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, Baba Mast Nath University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Khyalia
- Department of Environmental Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sakshi Saini
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Asha Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
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Guo Z, Gao Y, Yuan X, Yuan M, Huang L, Wang S, Liu C, Duan C. Effects of Heavy Metals on Stomata in Plants: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9302. [PMID: 37298252 PMCID: PMC10252879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomata are one of the important structures for plants to alleviate metal stress and improve plant resistance. Therefore, a study on the effects and mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity to stomata is indispensable in clarifying the adaptation mechanism of plants to heavy metals. With the rapid pace of industrialization and urbanization, heavy metal pollution has been an environmental issue of global concern. Stomata, a special physiological structure of plants, play an important role in maintaining plant physiological and ecological functions. Recent studies have shown that heavy metals can affect the structure and function of stomata, leading to changes in plant physiology and ecology. However, although the scientific community has accumulated some data on the effects of heavy metals on plant stomata, the systematic understanding of the effects of heavy metals on plant stomata remains limited. Therefore, in this review, we present the sources and migration pathways of heavy metals in plant stomata, analyze systematically the physiological and ecological responses of stomata on heavy metal exposure, and summarize the current mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity on stomata. Finally, the future research perspectives of the effects of heavy metals on plant stomata are identified. This paper can serve as a reference for the ecological assessment of heavy metals and the protection of plant resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolai Guo
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (X.Y.); (M.Y.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Yuhan Gao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (X.Y.); (M.Y.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Xinqi Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (X.Y.); (M.Y.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Mengxiang Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (X.Y.); (M.Y.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Lv Huang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (X.Y.); (M.Y.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Sichen Wang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (X.Y.); (M.Y.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Chang’e Liu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (X.Y.); (M.Y.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Changqun Duan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (X.Y.); (M.Y.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, Kunming 650000, China
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Gharib FAEL, Ahmed EZ. Spirulina platensis improves growth, oil content, and antioxidant activitiy of rosemary plant under cadmium and lead stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8008. [PMID: 37198296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the response of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) plants to foliar application of Spirulina platensis at 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4%; soil irrigation with heavy metals (Cd nitrate, Pb acetate, and Cd + Pb, each at 100 ppm), and Spirulina platensis at 0.1% + heavy metals. Spirulina platensis significantly improved growth parameters, oil yield/fed, photosynthetic pigments, and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) with a maximum promoting effect at 0.2% algal extract. On the other hand, heavy metal stress reduced growth criteria, photosynthetic pigments, and oil yield, while, significantly increased levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GR) and corresponding non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, total antioxidant capacity, phenolics and flavonoids). Bioaccumulation factor (BF) and translocation factor (TF) indicated that Cd and Pb accumulated largely in the roots, with little transfer to the shoots. Nevertheless, compared with heavy metal treatments, S. platensis at 0.1% significantly increasing growth parameters, oil content, photosynthetic pigments, and the activity of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants, while, slightly reduced TF of Cd and Pb, alleviated membrane lipid peroxidation, and significantly lowered the content of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and indole acetic acid oxidase (IAAO) activity in heavy metal (Cd, Pb, and Cd + Pb)-treated rosemary plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman Zakaria Ahmed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Li Y, Cheng X, Feng C, Huang X. Interaction of Lead and Cadmium Reduced Cadmium Toxicity in Ficus parvifolia Seedlings. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11030271. [PMID: 36977036 PMCID: PMC10054560 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pollution occurs widely in soils due to various anthropogenic activities. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) coexist in soil frequently, threatening plant growth. To explore the interaction effect between Pb and Cd in Ficus parvifolia and the response of plant physiological characteristics to Pb and Cd stress, we designed a soil culture experiment. The experiment demonstrated that Pb stress improved leaf photosynthesis ability, while Cd stress inhibited it. Furthermore, Pb or Cd stress increased malonaldehyde (MDA) content, but plants were able to reduce it by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. The presence of Pb could alleviate Cd phytotoxicity in plants by inhibiting Cd uptake and accumulation as well as increasing leaf photosynthesis and antioxidant ability. Pearson correlation analysis illustrated that the variability of Cd uptake and accumulation between Pb and Cd stress was related to plant biomass and antioxidant enzyme activities. This research will offer a new perspective on alleviating Cd phytotoxicity in plants.
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Ji Y, Ren Y, Han C, Zhu W, Gu J, He J. Application of exogenous glycinebetaine alleviates lead toxicity in pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) by promoting antioxidant enzymes and suppressing Pb accumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:25568-25580. [PMID: 34846666 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) poses an adverse effect on plant growth and development. Glycinebetaine (GB) plays an important role in plants response to stress environment. The study was performed to examine the potential of exogenous GB (0.5, 1, 2, and 5 mM) in alleviating Pb toxicity, the physiological and biochemical responses in pakchoi under 100 μM Pb stress by hydroponic experiment. Pb stress significantly decreased the growth, contents of pigment and mineral nutrient, and activities of antioxidative enzymes (CAT, SOD, and APX) in roots and shoots of pakchoi, while it caused a significant increase in Pb and ROS accumulation both in roots and shoots of pakchoi in comparison to the control. Exogenous application of GB improved leaf and root length, fresh and dry weight, mineral nutrient, and pigment contents of pakchoi under Pb stress. GB also effectively enhanced antioxidative enzyme activities and the accumulation of proline, soluble sugar, and GB and reduced the oxidative stress and Pb contents in shoots and roots of pakchoi. Principle component analysis (PCA) provided useful information on the classification of Pb tolerance according to the response to GB. Overall, the 1 mM GB was more effective to ameliorate the detrimental impacts of Pb stress. These findings suggested that GB application might be considered an effective strategy for alleviating Pb toxicity and enhancing the tolerance of pakchoi plants under Pb stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ji
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Ren
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Han
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjia Zhu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Gu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu He
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China.
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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the NRAMP Family Genes in Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061055. [PMID: 34070434 PMCID: PMC8228228 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The natural resistant-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) is a kind of integral membrane transporter which could function on a wide range of divalent metal ions in plants. Little is known about the NRAMP family in Camellia sinensis. In this study, 11 NRAMP genes were identified from the tea plant genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 11 CsNRAMP proteins were split into two groups. The proteins of group 1 contained the conserved motif 6 (GQSSTxTG), while most proteins in group 2 (excepting CsNRAMP7 and CsNRAMP10) contained the conserved residues of motif 6 and motif 2 (GQFIMxGFLxLxxKKW). The number of amino acids in coding regions of 11 CsNRAMP genes ranged from 279–1373, and they contained 3–12 transmembrane domains. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that G1 genes, CsNRAMP3, CsNRAMP4, and CsNRAMP5, were extraordinarily expressed in roots, while G2 genes showed higher expression levels in the stems and leaves. The expression levels of CsNRAMPs in roots and leaves were detected to assess their responses to Pb treatment. The results indicated that CsNRAMPs were differentially regulated, and they might play a role in Pb transportation of tea plant. Subcellular localization assay demonstrated that CsNRAMP2 and CsNRAMP5 fused proteins were localized in the plasma membrane. Overall, this systematic analysis of the CsNRAMP family could provide primary information for further studies on the functional roles of CsNRAMPs in divalent metal transportation in tea plants.
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