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Khan MIR, Nazir F, Maheshwari C, Chopra P, Chhillar H, Sreenivasulu N. Mineral nutrients in plants under changing environments: A road to future food and nutrition security. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20362. [PMID: 37480222 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant nutrition is an important aspect that contributes significantly to sustainable agriculture, whereas minerals enrichment in edible source implies global human health; hence, both strategies need to be bridged to ensure "One Health" strategies. Abiotic stress-induced nutritional imbalance impairs plant growth. In this context, we discuss the molecular mechanisms related to the readjustment of nutrient pools for sustained plant growth under harsh conditions, and channeling the minerals to edible source (seeds) to address future nutritional security. This review particularly highlights interventions on (i) the physiological and molecular responses of mineral nutrients in crop plants under stressful environments; (ii) the deployment of breeding and biotechnological strategies for the optimization of nutrient acquisition, their transport, and distribution in plants under changing environments. Furthermore, the present review also infers the recent advancements in breeding and biotechnology-based biofortification approaches for nutrient enhancement in crop plants to optimize yield and grain mineral concentrations under control and stress-prone environments to address food and nutritional security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faroza Nazir
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Chirag Maheshwari
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer-Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Rice Breeding and Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines
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Yang S, Yin R, Wang C, Wang J. Improved efficiency of Sedum lineare (Crassulaceae) in remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil by phosphate-dissolving strain P-1 in association with phosphate rock. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8317-8336. [PMID: 37597084 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The selection of appropriate plants and growth strategies is a key factor in improving the efficiency and universal applicability of phytoremediation. Sedum lineare grows rapidly and tolerates multiple adversities. The effects of inoculation of Acinetobacter sp. phosphate solubilizing bacteria P-1 and application of phosphate rock (PR) as additives on the remediation efficiency of As-contaminated soil by S. lineare were investigated. Compared with the control, both the single treatment and the combination of inoculation with strain P-1 and application of PR improved the biomass by 30.7-395.5%, chlorophyll content by 48.1-134.8%, total protein content by 12.5-92.4% and total As accumulation by 45.1-177.5%, and reduced the As-induced oxidative damage. Inoculation with strain P-1 increased the activities of superoxide dismutases and catalases of S. lineare under As stress, decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in plant tissues and promoted the accumulation of As in roots. In contrast, simultaneous application of PR decreased As concentration in S. lineare tissues, attenuated As-induced lipid peroxidation and improved As transport to shoots. In addition, the combined application showed the best performance in improving resistance and biomass, which significantly increased root length by 149.1%, shoot length by 33%, fresh weight by 395.5% and total arsenic accumulation by 159.2%, but decreased the malondialdehyde content by 89.1%. Our results indicate that the combined application of strain P-1 and PR with S. lineare is a promising bioremediation strategy to accelerate phytoremediation of As-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rong Yin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiehua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Nazir F, Jahan B, Iqbal N, Rajurkar AB, Siddiqui MH, Khan MIR. Methyl jasmonate influences ethylene formation, defense systems, nutrient homeostasis and carbohydrate metabolism to alleviate arsenic-induced stress in rice (Oryza sativa). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107990. [PMID: 37657298 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The plant growth regulator, jasmonic acid (JA) has emerged as important molecule and involved in key processes of plants. In this study, we investigated the role of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in achieving tolerance mechanisms against arsenic (As) stress in rice (Oryza sativa). Arsenic toxicity is a major global concern that significantly deteriorate rice production. The application of MeJA (20 μM) and ethylene (150 μL L-1) both individually and/or in combination were found significant in protecting against As-induced toxicity in rice, and significantly improved defense systems. The study shown that the positive influence of MeJA in promoting carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis and growth under As stress were the result of its interplay with ethylene biosynthesis and reduced oxidative stress-mediated cellular injuries and cell deaths. Interestingly, the use of JA biosynthesis inhibitor, neomycin (Neo) and ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) overturned the effects of MeJA and ethylene on plant growth under As stress. From the pooled data, it may also be concluded that Neo treatment to MeJA- treated rice plants restricted JA-mediated responses, implying that application of MeJA modulated ethylene- dependent pathways in response to As stress. Thus, the action of MeJA in As tolerance is found to be mediated by ethylene. The study will shed light on the mechanisms that could be used to ensure the sustainability of rice plants under As stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faroza Nazir
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Badar Jahan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | | | | | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Labancová E, Vivodová Z, Šípošová K, Kollárová K. Silicon Actuates Poplar Calli Tolerance after Longer Exposure to Antimony. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:689. [PMID: 36771773 PMCID: PMC9919072 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antimony (Sb) in high concentrations in the environment is recognized as an emerging problem worldwide. The toxicity of Sb in plant tissues is known; however, new methods of plant tolerance improvement must be addressed. Here, poplar callus (Populus alba L. var. pyramidallis) exposed to Sb(III) in 0.2 mM concentration and/or to silicon (Si) in 5 mM concentration was cultivated in vitro to determine the impact of Sb/Si interaction in the tissue. The Sb and Si uptake, growth, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol-peroxidase (G-POX), nutrient concentrations, and the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments were investigated. To elucidate the action of Si during the Sb-induced stress, the impact of short and long cultivations was determined. Silicon decreased the accumulation of Sb in the calli, regardless of the length of the cultivation (by approx. 34%). Antimony lowered the callus biomass (by approx. 37%) and decreased the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments (up to 78.5%) and nutrients in the tissue (up to 21.7%). Silicon supported the plant tolerance to Sb via the modification of antioxidant enzyme activity, which resulted in higher biomass production (increased by approx. 35%) and a higher uptake of nutrients from the media (increased by approx. 10%). Silicon aided the development of Sb-tolerance over the longer cultivation period. These results are key in understanding the action of Si-developed tolerance against metalloids.
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Abd El-hady MA, Abd-Elkrem YM, Rady MOA, Mansour E, El-Tarabily KA, AbuQamar SF, El-temsah ME. Impact on plant productivity under low-fertility sandy soil in arid environment by revitalization of lentil roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:937073. [PMID: 35991439 PMCID: PMC9386484 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.937073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lentil is one of the essential legume crops, which provides protein for humans and animals. This legume can improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation, which is imperative in low-fertility soils. The growth and productivity of lentil could be enhanced through improving nutrition and root revitalization. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of root activator (RA) and phosphorus (P) application on morphological, physiological, agronomic, and quality traits of lentil under newly reclaimed low-fertility sandy soil in an arid environment. The RA was applied at four levels of 0 (RA0-untreated control), 1.25 (RA1), 2.5 (RA2), and 3.75 (RA3) l ha-1. RA contained 9% potassium humate, 1,600 ppm indole butyric acid, 200 ppm gibberellic acid, and 200 ppm naphthalene acetic acid. The recommended rate of phosphorus (P) fertilization in the newly reclaimed low-fertility sandy soil (75 kg P2O5 ha-1) was applied, and its amount was increased and decreased by 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 vs. non-added control. Thus, P rates were applied at four rates 0 (P0; control), 50 (P1), 75 (P2), and 100 (P3) kg phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) ha-1. Our results revealed that treated lentil plants with the high levels of both treatments (RA3 and P3) exhibited superiority in root measurements (root length, total number of nodules plant-1, number of active nodules plant-1, dry weights of active nodules, and total root), nitrogenase activity, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, yield traits, and seed proteins and carbohydrates. However, the recommended P level (75 kg P2O5 ha-1, P2) under the high level of RA (3.75 l ha-1, RA3) displayed non-significant differences in yield traits (plant height, 1,000-seed weight, seed yield ha-1) and quality traits (protein and carbohydrate) with the high P level (100 kg P2O5 ha-1, P3). Accordingly, its recommended economically and environmentally to use this coapplication of RA3 and P3 in low-fertility soil for better lentil growth, and seed yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed O. A. Rady
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khaled A. El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Synan F. AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Yang X, Lai JL, Zhang Y, Luo XG. Toxicity analysis of TNT to alfalfa's mineral nutrition and secondary metabolism. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1273-1284. [PMID: 35305132 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa has the ability to degrade TNT. TNT exposure caused root disruption of mineral nutrient metabolism. The exposure of TNT imbalanced basal cell energy metabolism. The mechanism of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) toxicity effects was analyzed in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings by examining the mineral nutrition and secondary metabolism of the plant roots. Exposure to 25-100 mg·L-1 TNT in a hydroponic solution for 72 h resulted in a TNT absorption rate of 26.8-63.0%. The contents of S, K, and B in root mineral nutrition metabolism increased significantly by 1.70-5.46 times, 1.38-4.01 times, and 1.40-4.03 times, respectively, after TNT exposure. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of the roots identified 189 significantly upregulated metabolites and 420 significantly downregulated metabolites. The altered metabolites were primarily lipids and lipid-like molecules, and the most significant enrichment pathways were alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. TNT itself was transformed in the root system into several intermediate products, including 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,4',6,6'-tetranitro-2',4-azoxytoluene, 4,4',6,6'-tetranitro-2,2'-azoxytoluene, and 2,4-dinitrotoluene. Overall, TNT exposure disturbed the mineral metabolism balance, and significantly interfered with basic plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Jin-Long Lai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Xue-Gang Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
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Zulfiqar F, Ashraf M. Antioxidants as modulators of arsenic-induced oxidative stress tolerance in plants: An overview. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:127891. [PMID: 34848065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic contaminant in the environment. Although both inorganic and organic types of arsenic exist in the environment, the most common inorganic forms of As that adversely affect plants are arsenite (As III) and arsenate (As V). Despite no evidence for As being essential for plant growth, exposure of roots to this element can cause its uptake primarily via transporters responsible for the transport of essential mineral nutrients. Arsenic exposure even at low concentrations disturbs the plant normal functioning via excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, a condition known as oxidative stress leading to an imbalance in the redox system of the plant. This is associated with considerable damage to the cell components thereby impairing normal cellular functions and activation of several cell survival and cell death pathways. To counteract this oxidative disorder, plants possess natural defense mechanisms such as chemical species and enzymatic antioxidants. This review considers how different types of antioxidants participate in the oxidative defense mechanism to alleviate As stress in plants. Since the underlying phenomena of oxidative stress tolerance are not yet fully elucidated, the potential for "Omics" technologies to uncover molecular mechanisms are discussed. Various strategies to improve As-induced oxidative tolerance in plants such as exogenous supplementation of effective growth regulators, protectant chemicals, transgenic approaches, and genome editing are also discussed thoroughly in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Singh PK, Chakrabarty D, Dwivedi S, Kumar A, Singh SP, Sinam G, Niranjan A, Singh PC, Chatterjee S, Majumdar D, Tiwari M, Tripathi RD. Nitric oxide-mediated alleviation of arsenic stress involving metalloid detoxification and physiological responses in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 297:118694. [PMID: 34952182 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a staple crop, and food chain contamination of arsenic in rice grain possesses a serious health risk to billions of population. Arsenic stress negatively affects the rice growth, yield and quality of the grains. Nitric oxide (NO) is a major signaling molecule that may trigger various cellular responses in plants. The protective role of NO during arsenite (AsIII) stress and its relationship with plant physiological and metabolic responses is not explored in detail. Exogenous NO, supplemented through the roots in the form of sodium nitroprusside, has been shown to provide protection vis-à-vis AsIII toxicity. The NO-mediated variation in physiological traits such as stomatal density, size, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate maintained the growth of the rice plant during AsIII stress. Besides, NO exposure also enhanced the lignin content in the root, decreased total arsenic content and maintained the activities of antioxidant isoenzymes to reduce the ROS level essential for protecting from AsIII mediated oxidative damage in rice plants. Further, NO supplementation enhanced the GSH/GSSG ratio and PC/As molar ratio by modulating PC content to reduce arsenic toxicity. Further, NO-mediated modulation of the level of GA, IAA, SA, JA, amino acids and phenolic metabolites during AsIII stress appears to play a central role to cope up with AsIII toxicity. The study highlighted the role of NO in AsIII stress tolerance involving modulation of metalloid detoxification and physiological pathways in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradyumna Kumar Singh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debasis Chakrabarty
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sanjay Dwivedi
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Surendra Pratap Singh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (PG) College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, 208001, India
| | - Geetgovind Sinam
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Abhishek Niranjan
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Poonam C Singh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Sandipan Chatterjee
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, RCED-Kolkata, Kolkata, 700046, India
| | - Dipanjali Majumdar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Kolkata Zonal Centre, i-8 Sector C, EKDP, E. M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700108, India
| | - Manish Tiwari
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Rudra Deo Tripathi
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Wahid I, Rani P, Kumari S, Ahmad R, Hussain SJ, Alamri S, Tripathy N, Khan MIR. Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles maintained nitrogen metabolism, nitric oxide synthesis, ions balance, and stabilizes the defense systems to improve salt stress tolerance in wheat. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132142. [PMID: 34826894 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is competent in inducing physiological responses in plants for combating the abiotic stresses. Considering this, salt stress is one of the most alarming conditions that exerts complex and polygenic impacts on morph-physiological functioning of plants; resulting in reduced crop productivity and yield. Therefore, understanding the salt responses and tolerance mechanisms are important for sustaining crop productivity. In the current study, we have examined the effects of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants under salt stress. Green-synthesized AuNPs were found beneficial in modulating the K+/Na+ ratio, chlorophyll concentration, defense systems, nitrogen assimilation, stomatal dynamics and growth traits under salt stress condition. Furthermore, the excessive accumulation of oxidative stress markers including reactive oxygen/nitrogen species was controlled in response of AuNPs treatment under salt stress. Overall, modulation of these traits commanded to induce salt stress tolerance in wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Wahid
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Pratibha Rani
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarika Kumari
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sofi J Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Kokernag, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nirmalya Tripathy
- Department of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States
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Sehar Z, Iqbal N, Fatma M, Rather BA, Albaqami M, Khan NA. Ethylene Suppresses Abscisic Acid, Modulates Antioxidant System to Counteract Arsenic-Inhibited Photosynthetic Performance in the Presence of Selenium in Mustard. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:852704. [PMID: 35651777 PMCID: PMC9149584 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.852704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) stress provokes various toxic effects in plants that disturbs its photosynthetic potential and hampers growth. Ethylene and selenium (Se) have shown regulatory interaction in plants for metal tolerance; however, their synergism in As tolerance through modification of the antioxidant enzymes and hormone biosynthesis needs further elaboration. With this in view, we investigated the impact of ethylene and Se in the protection of photosynthetic performance against As stress in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Supplementation with ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid; ethylene source) and/or Se allayed the negative impact of As-induced toxicity by limiting As content in leaves, enhancing the antioxidant defense system, and decreasing the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA). Ethylene plus Se more prominently regulated stomatal behavior, improved photosynthetic capacity, and mitigated As-induced effects. Ethephon in the presence of Se decreased stress ethylene formation and ABA accumulation under As stress, resulting in improved photosynthesis and growth through enhanced reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis, which in turn reduced the oxidative stress. In both As-stressed and non-stressed plants treated with ethylene action inhibitor, norbornadiene, resulted in increased ABA and oxidative stress with reduced photosynthetic activity by downregulating expression of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, suggesting the involvement of ethylene in the reversal of As-induced toxicity. These findings suggest that ethephon and Se induce regulatory interaction between ethylene, ABA accumulation, and GSH metabolism through regulating the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes. Thus, in an economically important crop (mustard), the severity of As stress could be reduced through the supplementation of both ethylene and Se that coordinate for maximum stress alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebus Sehar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | | | - Mehar Fatma
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Bilal A. Rather
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Albaqami
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- Nafees A. Khan
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Jahan B, Iqbal N, Fatma M, Sehar Z, Masood A, Sofo A, D’Ippolito I, Khan NA. Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard ( Brassica juncea L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10071303. [PMID: 34199061 PMCID: PMC8309136 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the potential of ethylene as ethephon (an ethylene source) was investigated individually and in combination with split doses of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) soil treatments for removal of the damaging effects of salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Plants were grown with 50 mg N plus 50 mg S kg-1 soil at sowing time and an equivalent dose at 20 days after sowing [N50 + S50]0d and 20d. Ethephon at 200 μL L‒1 was applied to combined split doses of N and S with or without NaCl. Plants subjected to NaCl showed a decrease in growth and photosynthetic characteristics as well as N and S assimilation, whereas proline metabolism and antioxidants increased. The application of ethephon to plants grown with split N and S doses significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency by increasing the assimilation of N and S, improving the concentration of proline and induction of the antioxidant system with or without NaCl. The regulation of ethylene and/or split forms of N and S application may be potential tools for not just overcoming salt stress effects in this species and in related Brassicaceae but also enhancing their photosynthesis and growth potential through increased nutrient assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badar Jahan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (B.J.); (M.F.); (Z.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Noushina Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Mehar Fatma
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (B.J.); (M.F.); (Z.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Zebus Sehar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (B.J.); (M.F.); (Z.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Asim Masood
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (B.J.); (M.F.); (Z.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Adriano Sofo
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment, Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), University of Basilicata, 75100 Matera, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Ilaria D’Ippolito
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment, Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), University of Basilicata, 75100 Matera, Italy;
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (B.J.); (M.F.); (Z.S.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (N.A.K.)
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Hu YB, Sperotto RA. Regulatory hubs in plant stress adaptation. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:3-6. [PMID: 34038601 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y B Hu
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin City, China
| | - R A Sperotto
- University of Taquari Valley - Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
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