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Coutinho LL, Femino EL, Gonzalez AL, Moffat RL, Heinz WF, Cheng RYS, Lockett SJ, Rangel MC, Ridnour LA, Wink DA. NOS2 and COX-2 Co-Expression Promotes Cancer Progression: A Potential Target for Developing Agents to Prevent or Treat Highly Aggressive Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6103. [PMID: 38892290 PMCID: PMC11173351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) exert profound biological impacts dictated by their chemistry. Understanding their spatial distribution is essential for deciphering their roles in diverse biological processes. This review establishes a framework for the chemical biology of NO and RNS, exploring their dynamic reactions within the context of cancer. Concentration-dependent signaling reveals distinctive processes in cancer, with three levels of NO influencing oncogenic properties. In this context, NO plays a crucial role in cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, chemotherapy resistance, and immune suppression. Increased NOS2 expression correlates with poor survival across different tumors, including breast cancer. Additionally, NOS2 can crosstalk with the proinflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to promote cancer progression. NOS2 and COX-2 co-expression establishes a positive feed-forward loop, driving immunosuppression and metastasis in estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer. Spatial evaluation of NOS2 and COX-2 reveals orthogonal expression, suggesting the unique roles of these niches in the tumor microenvironment (TME). NOS2 and COX2 niche formation requires IFN-γ and cytokine-releasing cells. These niches contribute to poor clinical outcomes, emphasizing their role in cancer progression. Strategies to target these markers include direct inhibition, involving pan-inhibitors and selective inhibitors, as well as indirect approaches targeting their induction or downstream effectors. Compounds from cruciferous vegetables are potential candidates for NOS2 and COX-2 inhibition offering therapeutic applications. Thus, understanding the chemical biology of NO and RNS, their spatial distribution, and their implications in cancer progression provides valuable insights for developing targeted therapies and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro L. Coutinho
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (L.L.C.); (E.L.F.); (A.L.G.); (R.Y.S.C.)
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, ICESP/HC, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Elise L. Femino
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (L.L.C.); (E.L.F.); (A.L.G.); (R.Y.S.C.)
| | - Ana L. Gonzalez
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (L.L.C.); (E.L.F.); (A.L.G.); (R.Y.S.C.)
| | - Rebecca L. Moffat
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Office of Science and Technology Resources, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - William F. Heinz
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (W.F.H.); (S.J.L.)
| | - Robert Y. S. Cheng
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (L.L.C.); (E.L.F.); (A.L.G.); (R.Y.S.C.)
| | - Stephen J. Lockett
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (W.F.H.); (S.J.L.)
| | - M. Cristina Rangel
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, ICESP/HC, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Lisa A. Ridnour
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (L.L.C.); (E.L.F.); (A.L.G.); (R.Y.S.C.)
| | - David A. Wink
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (L.L.C.); (E.L.F.); (A.L.G.); (R.Y.S.C.)
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Jing SZ, Yang SH, Qu YK, Hao HH, Wu H. Scutellarein Ameliorated Chondrocyte Inflammation and Osteoarthritis in Rats. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:355-368. [PMID: 38570439 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder characterized by the gradual degradation of joint cartilage and local inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the anti-OA effect of scutellarein (SCU), a single-unit flavonoid compound obtained from Scutellaria barbata D. Don, in rats. METHODS The extracted rat chondrocytes were treated with SCU and IL-1β. The chondrocytes were divided into control group, IL-1β group, IL-1β+SCU 50 µmol/L group, and IL-1β+SCU 100 µmol/L group. Morphology of rat chondrocytes was observed by toluidine blue and safranin O staining. CCK-8 method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of SCU. ELISA, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, SAβ-gal staining, flow cytometry, and bioinformatics analysis were applied to evaluate the effect of SCU on rat chondrocytes under IL-1β intervention. Additionally, anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACL-T) was used to establish a rat OA model. Histological changes were detected by safranin O/fast green, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS SCU protected cartilage and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects via multiple mechanisms. Specifically, it could enhance the synthesis of extracellular matrix in cartilage cells and inhibit its degradation. In addition, SCU partially inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-B/mitogen-activated protein kinase (NF-κB/MAPK) pathway, thereby reducing inflammatory cytokine production in the joint cartilage. Furthermore, SCU significantly reduced IL-1β-induced apoptosis and senescence in rat chondrocytes, further highlighting its potential role in OA treatment. In vivo experiments revealed that SCU (at a dose of 50 mg/kg) administered for 2 months could significantly delay the progression of cartilage damage, which was reflected in a lower Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score, and reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) in cartilage. CONCLUSION SCU is effective in the therapeutic management of OA and could serve as a potential candidate for future clinical drug therapy for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ze Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Shu-Han Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Yun-Kun Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hai-Hu Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Oliveira GM, Dionísio TJ, Siqueira-Sandrin VS, Ferrari LADL, Colombini-Ishikiriama BL, Faria FAC, Santos CF, Calvo AM. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Detection and Quantification of Meloxicam and 5'-Carboxymeloxicam in Oral Fluid Samples. Metabolites 2023; 13:755. [PMID: 37367912 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A sensitive, selective and particularly fast method of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the determination of meloxicam and its main metabolite, 5'-carboxymeloxicam, in oral fluid samples. Meloxicam and its major metabolite were separated using a Shim-Pack XR-ODS 75 L × 2.0 column and C18 pre-column at 40 °C using a mixture of methanol and 10 mM ammonium acetate (80:20, v/v) with an injection flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The total time of the analytical run was 5 min. Sixteen volunteers had oral fluid samples collected sequentially before and after taking a meloxicam tablet (15 mg) for up to 96 h. With the concentrations obtained, the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using the Phoenix WinNonlin software. The parameters evaluated for meloxicam and 5'-carboxymeloxicam in the oral fluid samples showed linearity, accuracy, precision, medium-quality control (MQC-78.12 ng/mL), high-quality control (HQC-156.25 ng/mL), lower limits of quantification (LLOQ-0.6103 ng/mL), low-quality control (LQC-2.44 ng/mL), stability and dilution. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was also detected and quantified in the oral fluid samples, demonstrating the possibility of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) study with this methodology. All the parameters evaluated in the validation of the methodology in the oral fluid samples proved to be stable and within the possible variations in each of the described parameters. Through the data presented, the possibility of a PK/PD study was demonstrated, detecting and quantifying meloxicam, its main metabolite and PGE2 in oral fluid samples using LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Moraes Oliveira
- Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Bauru 17012-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago José Dionísio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Flávio Augusto Cardoso Faria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ferreira Santos
- Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Bauru 17012-900, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Maria Calvo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
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Ding Q, Zhang R, Sheng G, Wang T, Jing S, Ma T, Wang S, Zhao H, Wu H, Li W. Dioscin alleviates the progression of osteoarthritis: an in vitro and in vivo study. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:14. [PMID: 37055831 PMCID: PMC10100120 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease and is the main cause of physical disability in the elderly. Currently, there is no adequate therapeutic strategy to reverse the progression of OA. Many natural plant extracts have received attention in the treatment of OA due to their potential anti-inflammatory properties, and reduced incidence of adverse events. Dioscin (Dio), a natural steroid saponin, has been demonstrated to inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines in mouse and rat models of various diseases, and has a protective effect in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, whether Dio alleviates OA progression remains to be explored. In this research, our purposes were to investigate the therapeutic potential of Dio in OA. The results demonstrated that Dio exerted anti-inflammatory effects by repressing NO, PGE2, iNOS and COX-2. Moreover, the application of Dio could repress IL-1β-induced overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs, including MMP1, MMP3, and MMP13) and ADAMTS-5, and improve the synthesis of collagen II and aggrecan, which contribute to the maintenance of chondrocyte matrix homeostasis. The underlying mechanism involved the inhibition of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways by Dio. Furthermore, the treatment of Dio significantly improved the pain behaviors of rat OA models. The in vivo study revealed that Dio could ameliorate cartilage erosion and degradation. These results collectively indicate that Dio can be used as a promising and effective agent for the therapy of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ding
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruizhuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaohong Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoze Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanxi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongqi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wenkai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Lees P, Toutain PL, Elliott J, Giraudel JM, Pelligand L, King JN. Pharmacology, safety, efficacy and clinical uses of the COX-2 inhibitor robenacoxib. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2022; 45:325-351. [PMID: 35460083 PMCID: PMC9541287 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Robenacoxib is a veterinary‐approved non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the coxib group. It possesses anti‐hyperalgesic, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐pyretic properties. Robenacoxib inhibits the cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 isoform of COX selectively (in vitro IC50 ratios COX‐1:COX‐2, 129:1 in dogs, 32:1 in cats). At registered dosages (2 mg/kg subcutaneously in dogs and cats, 1–4 mg/kg orally in dogs and 1–2.4 mg/kg orally in cats), robenacoxib produces significant inhibition of COX‐2 whilst sparing COX‐1. The pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of robenacoxib is characterized by a high degree of binding to plasma proteins (>98%) and moderate volume of distribution (at steady state, 240 ml/kg in dogs and 190 ml/kg in cats). In consequence, the terminal half‐life in blood (<2 h) is short, despite moderate body clearance (0.81 L/kg/h) in dogs and low clearance (0.44 L/kg/h) in cats. Excretion is principally in the bile (65% in dogs and 72% in cats). Robenacoxib concentrates in inflamed tissues, and clinical efficacy is achieved with once‐daily dosing, despite the short blood terminal half‐life. In dogs, no relevant breed differences in robenacoxib PK have been detected. Robenacoxib has a wide safety margin; in healthy laboratory animals daily oral doses 20‐fold (dog, 1 month), eight‐fold (cat, 6 weeks) and five‐fold (dog, 6 months) higher than recommended clinical doses were well tolerated. Clinical efficacy and safety have been demonstrated in orthopaedic and soft tissue surgery, and in musculoskeletal disorders in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lees
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Pierre-Louis Toutain
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.,INTHERES, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Solà J, Menargues À, Homedes J, Salichs M, Álvarez I, Romero L, Vela JM. Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by enflicoxib, its enantiomers and its main metabolites in vitro in canine blood. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2022; 45:235-244. [PMID: 35038171 PMCID: PMC9306928 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Enflicoxib is approved for the treatment of pain and inflammation in canine osteoarthritis. The objective of this work was to assess the mechanistic basis of enflicoxib therapy investigating the COX inhibitory activity of enflicoxib (racemate), its enantiomers and its main metabolites using the canine whole blood assay. The (R)‐(+)‐Enflicoxib enantiomer and metabolite M8 (hydroxylated pyrazoline) did not induce significant COX inhibition. Enflicoxib and its (S)‐(‐)‐Enflicoxib enantiomer inhibited COX‐1 and COX‐2 with variable degree of preferential isoform inhibition, but no significant therapeutic effect is anticipated in vivo. The pyrazol metabolite showed the highest COX‐2 inhibition and was the most selective (IC50 COX‐1/ COX‐2 ratio: 19.45). As the pyrazol metabolite shows saturable binding to red blood cells, its in vivo concentrations in plasma are lower than in whole blood. Accordingly, when applying the red blood cell partitioning, the respective IC50 and IC80 for COX‐2 inhibition decreased from 2.8 µM (1129 ng/ml) and 13.4 µM (5404 ng/ml) to 0.2 µM (80.7 ng/ml) and 1.2 µM (484 ng/ml) and the selectivity ratio increased to close to 55. The corrected pyrazol metabolite IC50 and IC80 are well within the plasma levels described in treated dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Solà
- Barcelona Science Park, Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology Unit (CERETOX), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngel Menargues
- Barcelona Science Park, Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology Unit (CERETOX), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Homedes
- Ecuphar veterinaria SLU (Animalcare Group), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Salichs
- Ecuphar veterinaria SLU (Animalcare Group), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Álvarez
- Welab, Barcelona Science Park (PCB), Edifici Clúster II, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luz Romero
- Welab, Barcelona Science Park (PCB), Edifici Clúster II, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Miguel Vela
- Welab, Barcelona Science Park (PCB), Edifici Clúster II, Barcelona, Spain
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Gendron DJ, Hamblin MR. Applications of Photobiomodulation Therapy to Musculoskeletal Disorders and Osteoarthritis with Particular Relevance to Canada. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 37:408-420. [PMID: 31265376 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders caused by osteoarthritis (MSDs/OA) are a growing problem in the modern industrialized society in Canada. Overall aging of the general population and a progressive lack of exercise contribute to this alarming increase. Moreover, a range of chronic conditions including cardiovascular and mental diseases show significantly higher comorbidity with MSDs/OA. Conventional medical treatment for MSDs/OA includes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opiate pain killers. These drugs have major drawbacks such as a relative lack of efficacy, potential for addiction, and even death (Vioxx scandal). Photobiomodulation (PBM) was discovered over 50 years ago but has still not attained widespread acceptance by the medical community. This is partly due to uncertainty about the precise molecular mechanisms of action and a bewildering array of different wavelengths and dosimetric parameters employed in reported studies. Objective: The goal of this review was to survey literature reports of PBM, also known as low-level laser therapy used for treatment of MSDs/OA, concentrating on the growth over time, different wavelengths employed, and application to different joints. Methods: We searched the PubMed database for publication of study on PBM to treat the most common joints. Results: We show that the field of PBM to treat MSDs/OA is expanding exponentially over the past 20 years. A trend has emerged over time for more power to achieve better effective treatments, and the understanding of the physiological effect of safe parameters has improved. There is, however, no consensus on the best set of parameters to treat a specific patient indication. Conclusions: Finally, we highlight gaps in our knowledge and the barriers to further clinical trials. We suggest that the growing body of evidence indicating efficacy, and the almost total lack of side effects, should encourage continued clinical research to support clinical applications where better rehabilitation treatments are much needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- 2 Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Pei Q, Xie JL, Huang J, Liu WY, Yang XY, Wang Y, Li W, Tan HY, Zhang H, Yang GP. Pharmacokinetic study of imrecoxib in patients with renal insufficiency. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 75:1355-1360. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-019-02698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Farjadian F, Ghasemi A, Gohari O, Roointan A, Karimi M, Hamblin MR. Nanopharmaceuticals and nanomedicines currently on the market: challenges and opportunities. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:93-126. [PMID: 30451076 PMCID: PMC6391637 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a revolution in nanotechnology and nanomedicine. Since 1980, there has been a remarkable increase in approved nano-based pharmaceutical products. These novel nano-based systems can either be therapeutic agents themselves, or else act as vehicles to carry different active pharmaceutical agents into specific parts of the body. Currently marketed nanostructures include nanocrystals, liposomes and lipid nanoparticles, PEGylated polymeric nanodrugs, other polymers, protein-based nanoparticles and metal-based nanoparticles. A range of issues must be addressed in the development of these nanostructures. Ethics, market size, possibility of market failure, costs and commercial development, are some topics which are on the table to be discussed. After passing all the ethical and biological assessments, and satisfying the investors as to future profitability, only a handful of these nanoformulations, successfully obtained marketing approval. We survey the range of nanomedicines that have received regulatory approval and are marketed. We discuss ethics, costs, commercial development and possible market failure. We estimate the global nanomedicine market size and future growth. Our goal is to summarize the different approved nanoformulations on the market, and briefly cover the challenges and future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-9466, Iran
- Advances Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-4535, Iran
| | - Omid Gohari
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-9466, Iran
| | - Amir Roointan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard – MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Impact of the World Health Organization Pain Treatment Guidelines and the European Medicines Agency Safety Recommendations on Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use in Lithuania: An Observational Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54020030. [PMID: 30344261 PMCID: PMC6037262 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and objective: Irrational use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is the main cause of adverse effects-associated hospitalizations among all medication groups leading to extremely increased costs for health care. Pharmacoepidemiological studies can partly reveal such issues and encourage further decisions. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the utilization of non-opioid analgesics (ATC classification N02B and M01A) in Lithuania, and to compare it with that of other Baltic and Scandinavian countries in terms of compliance to the WHO pain treatment guidelines and the EMA safety recommendations on NSAID use. Materials and methods: The dispensing data were obtained from the sales analysis software provider in the Baltic countries (SoftDent, Ltd., Kaunas, Lithuania); State Medicine Control Agencies of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia; Norwegian Prescription Database; Swedish Database for Medicines; and Danish Prescription Database. Data included the utilization of both prescription and over-the-counter drugs. Utilization was expressed in defined daily doses (DDD)/1000 inhabitants/day. Results: During the 11-year period, the utilization of drugs belonging to the N02B and M01A groups increased by 22.8%, from 58.37 in 2005 to 71.68 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2016 in Lithuania. Contrary to the WHO guidelines on pain management, all Baltic countries were more likely to use NSAIDs than other analgesics and antipyretics: in 2015, the drugs of the M01A group were used 6.04, 5.79, and 6.11 times more than those of N02B in Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia, respectively, whereas the Scandinavian countries preferred the N02B to the M01A group: in Denmark and Sweden, the utilization of other analgesics and antipyretics was 2.33 and 1.24, respectively, times higher than that of NSAIDs. In Norway, the use of both groups was similar. In the Scandinavian countries, paracetamol was the analgesic of first choice, whereas, in Lithuania, it took only the third place. The most popular drug in Lithuania was diclofenac, and its utilization accounted for 30.04% of all non-opioid analgesics in 2016. Although the European Medicines Agency (EMA) restricted the use of certain NSAIDs, i.e., cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, nimesulide, and diclofenac, their use consistently increased by 15.91, 2.83, and 1.41 times, respectively, showing incompliance with the international guidelines. Conclusions: Neither the EMA safety policy on NSAID use nor the WHO pain treatment guidelines had a sufficient impact on the rational use of NSAIDs in Lithuania. The use of NSAIDs restricted by the EMA (diclofenac, COX-2 inhibitors, nimesulide, and piroxicam) remains high or even increases, while the utilization of safer alternatives (paracetamol and naproxen) remains relatively low as compared with the Scandinavian countries. Incompliance with international guidelines may result in increased morbidity, mortality and higher costs for health care.
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Kung LHW, Ravi V, Rowley L, Angelucci C, Fosang AJ, Bell KM, Little CB, Bateman JF. Cartilage MicroRNA Dysregulation During the Onset and Progression of Mouse Osteoarthritis Is Independent of Aggrecanolysis and Overlaps With Candidates From End-Stage Human Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:383-395. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Varshini Ravi
- University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; St. Leonards New South Wales Australia
| | - Lynn Rowley
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | | | - Amanda J. Fosang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Katrina M. Bell
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Christopher B. Little
- University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital; St. Leonards New South Wales Australia
| | - John F. Bateman
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
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12
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Mir-513a-3p contributes to the controlling of cellular migration processes in the A549 lung tumor cells by modulating integrin β-8 expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 444:43-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Kim JE, Heo YS, Lee KW. Osajin Inhibits Solar UV-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Through Direct Inhibition of RSK2. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4080-4087. [PMID: 28409880 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet light (sUV) has been shown to promote the development of skin disorders including inflammation, photoaging, and skin carcinogenesis. Osajin is the major bioactive isoflavone present in the fruit of Maclura pomifera, commonly referred to as the Osage orange. In this study, we observed that osajin inhibited sUV-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein expression in both HaCaT and JB6 cells. COX-2 is a major mediator of skin inflammation. sUV activated the transcription factors nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1 which, in turn, induces COX-2 expression. Osajin inhibited transactivation of these transcription factors. We identified RSK2 as an inhibitory target of osajin by screening against 68 kinases related to inflammation. Osajin binds with RSK2 directly in an ATP-competitive manner. Computer modeling simulated a plausible binding orientation between osajin and RSK2. Osajin inhibited sUV-induced phosphorylation of histone H3, a substrate of RSK2. However, sUV-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, p38 kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and Akt, which are signaling factors upstream of RSK2, was unchanged in the presence of osajin. The anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanism of osajin suggest that it may have utility as a functional food for skin health and cosmetic ingredient. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4080-4087, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Kim
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Yong-Seok Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Zingler G, Hermann B, Fischer T, Herdegen T. Cardiovascular adverse events by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: when the benefits outweigh the risks. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2016; 9:1479-1492. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2016.1230495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Zingler
- Medical Department, Former employee of MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Hermann
- Practical Orthopedist (Private Practice), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Fischer
- Medical Department, Employee of MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Munich, Germnany
| | - Thomas Herdegen
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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15
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Roman-Blas JA, Bizzi E, Largo R, Migliore A, Herrero-Beaumont G. An update on the up and coming therapies to treat osteoarthritis, a multifaceted disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17:1745-56. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2016.1201070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Roman-Blas
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emanuele Bizzi
- UOS of Rheumatology, S. Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Migliore
- UOS of Rheumatology, S. Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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16
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The Coxib case: Are EP receptors really guilty? Atherosclerosis 2016; 249:164-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Wu D, Yuan P, Ke C, Xiong H, Chen J, Guo J, Lu M, Ding Y, Fan X, Duan Q, Shi F, Zhu F. Salidroside suppresses solar ultraviolet-induced skin inflammation by targeting cyclooxygenase-2. Oncotarget 2016; 7:25971-82. [PMID: 27028995 PMCID: PMC5041958 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (SUV) irradiation causes skin disorders such as inflammation, photoaging, and carcinogenesis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a key role in SUV-induced skin inflammation, and targeting COX-2 may be a strategy to prevent skin disorders. In this study, we found that the expression of COX-2, phosphorylation of p38 or JNKs were increased in human solar dermatitis tissues and SUV-irradiated human skin keratinocyte HaCaT cells and mouse epidermal JB6 Cl41 cells. Knocking down COX-2 inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the phosphorylation of p38 or JNKs in SUV-irradiated cells, which indicated that COX-2 is not only the key enzyme for PGs synthesis, but also an upstream regulator of p38 or JNKs after SUV irradiation. The virtual ligand screening assay was used to search for natural drugs in the Chinese Medicine Database, and indicated that salidroside might be a COX-2 inhibitor. Molecule modeling indicated that salidroside can directly bind with COX-2, which was proved by in vitro pull-down binding assay. Ex vivo studies showed that salidroside has no toxicity to cells, and inhibits the production of PGE2, phosphorylation of p38 or JNKs, and secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) caused by SUV irradiation. In vivo studies demonstrated that salidroside attenuates the skin inflammation induced by SUV. In brief, our data provided the evidences for the protective role of salidroside against SUV-induced inflammation by targeting COX-2, and salidroside might be a promising drug for the treatment of SUV-induced skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Dermatology of the General Hospital of Air Force, Beijing, 100142, PR China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Changshu Ke
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Hua Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Dermatology of the General Hospital of Air Force, Beijing, 100142, PR China
| | - Jinguang Guo
- Department of Dermatology of the General Hospital of Air Force, Beijing, 100142, PR China
| | - Mingmin Lu
- Department of Dermatology of the General Hospital of Air Force, Beijing, 100142, PR China
| | - Yanyan Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Dermatology of the General Hospital of Air Force, Beijing, 100142, PR China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
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Lee S, Nemeño JGE, Lee JI. Repositioning Bevacizumab: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Cartilage Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:341-357. [PMID: 26905221 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery and development has been garnering an increasing trend of research due to the growing incidence of the diverse types of diseases. Recently, drug repositioning, also known as drug repurposing, has been emerging parallel to cancer and tissue engineering studies. Drug repositioning involves the application of currently approved or even abandoned drugs as alternative treatments to other diseases or as biomaterials in other fields including cell therapy and tissue engineering. In this review, the advancement of the antiangiogenesis drugs that were used as treatment for cancer and other diseases, with particular focus on bevacizumab, will be described. This will include an overview of the nature and progression of osteoarthritis (OA), one of the leading global degenerative diseases that cause morbidity, and the development of its therapeutic strategies. In addition, this will also feature the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are commonly prescribed for OA and the benefits of repositioning bevacizumab as alternative treatments for other diseases and as biomaterials for cartilage regeneration. To date, a few number of studies, employing different modes of administration and varying dosages in diverse animal models, have shown that bevacizumab can be used as a signal and can promote both in vitro and in vivo cartilage regeneration. However, other antiangiogenesis drugs and their effects in chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration are also worth investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojung Lee
- 1 Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Judee Grace E Nemeño
- 1 Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ik Lee
- 1 Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Deparment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Kim JE, Lee KW. Silkworm Thorn Stem Extract Targets RSK2 and Suppresses Solar UV-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25096-107. [PMID: 26506342 PMCID: PMC4632792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive exposure to solar UV (sUV) is associated with numerous human skin disorders, such as carcinogenesis, skin photoaging and skin inflammation. Silkworm Thorn (Cudraniatricuspidata, SW) is a plant belonging to the Moraceae family and widely present throughout Korea, China, and Japan. Most parts of the tree (including the fruit, leaf, stem, root, and bark) is consumable as a functional food or tea. In this study, we found that SW extract (SWE) inhibited the elevated expression of sUV-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 levels in both HaCaT and JB6 cells. Levels of nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1, two crucial transcription factors involved in COX-2 expression, were elevated by sUV treatment. Treatment with SWE abolished this activation. SWE also inhibited sUV-induced histone H3 phosphorylation. However, sUV-induced phosphorylation of Akt, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 kinase remained unchanged in the presence of SWE. SWE inhibited RSK2 activity, and pull-down assays using SWE-Sepharose beads revealed that SWE binds directly with RSK2 in an ATP-competitive manner. These results suggest a potential for SWE to be developed as a cosmeceutical material and functional food constituent for the promotion of skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA.
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Korea.
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Korea.
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21
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Wang K, Xu J, Hunter DJ, Ding C. Investigational drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:1539-56. [PMID: 26429673 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1091880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease with multiple pathophysiological processes, affecting the whole joint. Current therapeutic options such as NSAIDs can provide a palliative effect on symptoms but have limited effect on disease progression. New drugs targeting OA structures may retard disease progression at an earlier stage and delay the need for joint replacement. AREAS COVERED Some drugs have entered into clinical trials and a few, such as strontium ranelate, do have improvements in both pain and structure changes. However, most of them have failed in clinical trials largely due to increased side effects or the failure to identify the right OA phenotype for the right drug in clinical design. This review describes various investigational drugs developed for the treatment of OA covering those at stages from preclinical experiments to early phase clinical trials. They include drugs for slowing cartilage degradation, regulating cartilage metabolism, targeting subchondral bone, controlling inflammation and relieving pain. EXPERT OPINION Treatment options for OA remain limited. However, with the emergence of sensitive tools to detect early disease progression and identification of different OA phenotypes, disease-modifying anti-OA drugs with increased benefit and reduced risks will become available for OA treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- a 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Arthritis Research Institute, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , Hefei, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- a 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Arthritis Research Institute, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , Hefei, China
| | - David J Hunter
- b 2 University of Sydney, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Rheumatology Department , Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Changhai Ding
- a 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Arthritis Research Institute, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , Hefei, China.,c 3 University of Tasmania, Menzies Institute for Medical Research , Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia +61 3 62 26 77 30 ; +61 3 62 26 77 04 ;
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The Effect of Cyclooxygenase Inhibition on Tendon-Bone Healing in an In Vitro Coculture Model. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:926369. [PMID: 26063979 PMCID: PMC4438175 DOI: 10.1155/2015/926369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition following the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament remain unclear. We examined the effects of selective COX-2 and nonselective COX inhibition on bone-tendon integration in an in vitro model. We measured the dose-dependent effects of ibuprofen and parecoxib on the viability of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated and unstimulated mouse MC3T3-E1 and 3T3 cells, the influence on gene expression at the osteoblast, interface, and fibroblast regions measured by quantitative PCR, and cellular outgrowth assessed on histological sections. Ibuprofen led to a dose-dependent suppression of MC3T3 cell viability, while parecoxib reduced the viability of 3T3 cultures. Exposure to ibuprofen significantly suppressed expression of Alpl (P < 0.01), Bglap (P < 0.001), and Runx2 (P < 0.01), and although parecoxib reduced expression of Alpl (P < 0.001), Fmod (P < 0.001), and Runx2 (P < 0.01), the expression of Bglap was increased (P < 0.01). Microscopic analysis showed a reduction in cellular outgrowth in LPS-stimulated cultures following exposure to ibuprofen and parecoxib. Nonselective COX inhibition and the specific inhibition of COX-2 led to region-specific reductions in markers of calcification and cell viability. We suggest further in vitro and in vivo studies examining the biologic and biomechanical effects of selective and nonselective COX inhibition.
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Sitruk-Ware R, Nath A. Applying emerging science to contraception research: implications for the clinic. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2015; 10:115-126. [PMID: 30289046 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2015.972369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Emerging science will make an important contribution towards the development of improved contraceptives. While long-acting reversible contraceptives remain the most effective method, new user-controlled, mid-acting methods will avoid the need for procedures requiring trained providers. Contraceptives combined with other agents may bring additional health benefits, such as dual protection against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Emerging research areas in proteomics allowed the discovery of new reproductive targets that may lead to non-hormonal contraceptives for both men and women. Current research objectives include the improvement of existing contraceptive methods, as well as discovery of new materials able to deliver new molecules more specifically to their target without systemic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Nath
- b 2 Karnataka Health Promotion Trust, Bangalore, India
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24
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Kinch MS, Haynesworth A, Kinch SL, Hoyer D. An overview of FDA-approved new molecular entities: 1827–2013. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1033-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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