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Shaha TR, Begum M, Uddin J, Torres VY, Iturriaga JA, Ashraf I, Samad MA. Feature group partitioning: an approach for depression severity prediction with class balancing using machine learning algorithms. BMC Med Res Methodol 2024; 24:123. [PMID: 38831346 PMCID: PMC11145774 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-024-02249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In contemporary society, depression has emerged as a prominent mental disorder that exhibits exponential growth and exerts a substantial influence on premature mortality. Although numerous research applied machine learning methods to forecast signs of depression. Nevertheless, only a limited number of research have taken into account the severity level as a multiclass variable. Besides, maintaining the equality of data distribution among all the classes rarely happens in practical communities. So, the inevitable class imbalance for multiple variables is considered a substantial challenge in this domain. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the significance of addressing class imbalance issues in the context of multiple classes. We introduced a new approach Feature group partitioning (FGP) in the data preprocessing phase which effectively reduces the dimensionality of features to a minimum. This study utilized synthetic oversampling techniques, specifically Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN), for class balancing. The dataset used in this research was collected from university students by administering the Burn Depression Checklist (BDC). For methodological modifications, we implemented heterogeneous ensemble learning stacking, homogeneous ensemble bagging, and five distinct supervised machine learning algorithms. The issue of overfitting was mitigated by evaluating the accuracy of the training, validation, and testing datasets. To justify the effectiveness of the prediction models, balanced accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and f1-score indices are used. Overall, comprehensive analysis demonstrates the discrimination between the Conventional Depression Screening (CDS) and FGP approach. In summary, the results show that the stacking classifier for FGP with SMOTE approach yields the highest balanced accuracy, with a rate of 92.81%. The empirical evidence has demonstrated that the FGP approach, when combined with the SMOTE, able to produce better performance in predicting the severity of depression. Most importantly the optimization of the training time of the FGP approach for all of the classifiers is a significant achievement of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tumpa Rani Shaha
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur, 1707, Bangladesh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science & Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Momotaz Begum
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur, 1707, Bangladesh.
| | - Jia Uddin
- AI and Big Data Department, Woosong University, Daejeon, 34606, South Korea
| | - Vanessa Yélamos Torres
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, 39011, Spain
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Campeche, Campeche, 24560, México
- Universidad de La Romana, La Romana, República Dominicana
| | - Josep Alemany Iturriaga
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, 39011, Spain
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Arecibo, Puerto Rico, 00613, USA
- Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito, Bié, Angola
| | - Imran Ashraf
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
| | - Md Abdus Samad
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
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Howlader S, Abedin S, Rahman MM. Social support, distress, stress, anxiety, and depression as predictors of suicidal thoughts among selected university students in Bangladesh. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002924. [PMID: 38626087 PMCID: PMC11020522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the association of perceived social support with suicidal thoughts among a young adult sample of university students and estimates the degree to which perceived stress, distress, anxiety, and depression may explain the association. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to September 2022 among 642 students, selected using the probability proportional to size procedure, at a large university in Bangladesh. We used the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) to measure support. The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD-7) scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to assess distress, stress, anxiety, and depression. The association between social support and suicidal thoughts was examined using multivariable logistic regression models. Mediation analyses were carried out using the Karlson, Holm, and Breen (KHB) method. We found that perceived social support was associated with lower odds of suicidal thoughts after controlling for other variables (adjusted odds ratio = 0.94; 95% confidence interval = 0.92-0.96). Mediation analysis showed that, after adjusting for potential confounders, the mediating effects among the total effect of perceived social support on suicidal thoughts were 56.1%, 20.8%, 22.5%, 38.8%, and 50.9% for all mental disorders together and four specific adverse mental health outcomes, i.e., perceived distress, stress, anxiety, and depression, respectively. This study demonstrates that perceived social support reduces the likelihood of suicidal thoughts among university students, and mental disorders have a partial mediating effect on the association. Suicide prevention and mental health promotion efforts among university students should consider encouraging students to build and strengthen a strong social support network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihab Howlader
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Sumaiya Abedin
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mosfequr Rahman
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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Siddik MAB, Hasan MN, Mahmud A, Munmun MS, Milad MH, Ali A, Ahmed Z, Uddin MJ. Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among undergraduate admission candidates in Bangladesh: A nation-wide cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295143. [PMID: 38033102 PMCID: PMC10688886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The undergraduate admission test is one of the most stressful assessments in a student's life, as it is required for admission to any of Bangladesh's public universities or medical colleges. Those taking the admissions test are under a lot of pressure to perform well. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of clinical depression among Bangladeshi admission candidates and the factors that contribute to it. METHODOLOGY Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and other socio-demographic information were collected from 5263 students from all over Bangladesh. Apart from descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, an ordinal logistic regression model was also applied to determine the factors associated with depression. RESULTS The study revealed that among the undergraduate admission applicants, 74% of individuals were affected by depression, while 26% experienced moderate depression, 26% experienced moderately severe depression, and 22% experienced severe depression. The level of depression among females was 1.8 times higher than the male admission candidates. Our analyses found that gender (p <0.001), exercise (p <0.001), pre-marital relationships (p <0.001), daily study time less than 3 hours (p <0.001), practice of religion (p <0.001), victim of blackmail (p <0.001), family unrest (p <0.001), major illness (p <0.001), COVID-19 infection (p <0.001), GPA in higher secondary (p <0.001), mental problem (p <0.001), all categories of the variable confidence level for exam preparation (p <0.001) had a significant impact on increasing depression. CONCLUSION The research found a severe rate of depression among Bangladeshi undergraduate admission candidates. Interactive mental health care programs must include family and teachers to tackle the problem. To alleviate mental stress and depression, students should learn to nurture their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Nafiul Hasan
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Al Mahmud
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mahmudul Hasan Milad
- Department of Public Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Akher Ali
- Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zobayer Ahmed
- Department of Economics & Banking, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Nahrin R, Al-Mamun F, Kaggwa MM, Al Mamun M, Mamun MA. Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation among students taking university entrance tests: revisited and a study based on Geographic Information System data. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e129. [PMID: 37462021 PMCID: PMC10375905 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous study identified students taking Bangladeshi university entrance tests as a vulnerable group at a higher risk of suicidal behaviours before the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the impact of the pandemic on the magnitude of these behaviours among this population remains unexplored. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among Bangladeshi university entrance test takers following the pandemic. In addition, an approach based on Geographic Information System (GIS) data was used to visualise the distribution of suicidal ideation across the country. METHODS A cross-sectional approach was used to collect data among participants taking the entrance test at Jahangirnagar University in September 2022. Using SPSS, data were analysed with chi-squared tests and binary regression, and ArcGIS was used to map the results across the nation. RESULTS The study revealed a prevalence of 14.4% for past-year suicidal ideation, with 7.4% and 7.2% reporting suicide plans and attempts, respectively. Notably, repeat test-takers exhibited a higher prevalence of suicidal behaviours. Significant risk factors for suicidal ideation included urban residence, smoking, drug use, COVID-19 infection and deaths among close relations, depression, anxiety and burnout. The GIS-based distribution indicated significant variation in the prevalence of suicidal ideation across different districts, with higher rates observed in economically and infrastructurally deprived areas. CONCLUSIONS Urgent measures are needed to address the high prevalence of suicidal behaviours among students taking university entrance tests students in Bangladesh, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Enhanced mental health support, targeted prevention efforts and improved resources in economically disadvantaged regions are crucial to safeguard the well-being of these students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Nahrin
- Department of Economics, Comilla University, Cumilla, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Al-Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh; and Department of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Md Al Mamun
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed A Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh; and Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Mamun MA, Al-Mamun F, Islam J, Muhit M. Prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviors among Bangladeshi rural community people: Findings from the 'BD ComMen Study'. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279271. [PMID: 36538518 PMCID: PMC9767375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is considered as one of the major public health concerns, which can be prevented with cost-effective and timely intervention. In Bangladesh, very few studies assessed the suicidal behavior of rural community people. Thus, this Bangladesh Community Mental Health Study (BD ComMen Study) attempted to understand the current situation of suicidality in Bangladeshi rural community people considering three-time frames: lifetime, past year, and past month. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural community in Bangladesh between May 17 and 31, 2022, using a cluster sampling technique. Information on socio-demographics, COVID-19-related factors, depression, anxiety, insomnia, and suicidal behaviors was collected. The Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS During their lifetime, 33.1% of the rural community people had suicidal thoughts, whereas 5.5% made a plan for suicide and 1.8% attempted suicide. The prevalence of past-year suicidal ideation was 3.9%, whereas 1.4% had a suicide plan. In addition, 0.6% had past-month suicidal thoughts, although none of them had planned or attempted suicide. The factors associated with suicidal behaviors included males, lower age, lower educational grade, low-earning jobs, living in a government-provided house, family history of mental health and suicide, and suffering from anxiety and insomnia. CONCLUSIONS Suicidal behaviors among the rural community people are of great concern as most of the rural people in Bangladesh do not have enough mental health literacy for treatment-seeking due to a high level of mental health-related stigma. Thus, this study would likely help to initiate further studies and stimulate suicide prevention programs, because most suicide can be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health & Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Firoj Al-Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health & Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Johurul Islam
- Department of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- CSF Global, Banani, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Muhit
- Department of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- CSF Global, Banani, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Dogan AE, Kebapci D, Ertan O, Kalay Z, Caki NK, Sar V, Yapici Eser H. Decreased psychiatric symptomatology after the onset of COVID-19 in a longitudinal college mental health study. NPJ MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 1:17. [PMID: 37521494 PMCID: PMC9589876 DOI: 10.1038/s44184-022-00017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brings significant challenges for college students. This study aims to investigate changes in psychiatric symptomatology among them compared to the pre-pandemic period alongside their determinants. Data are collected before and 3 months after the onset of the pandemic from 168 students who applied to a college mental health center. Psychiatric symptomatology is assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Possible vulnerability factors are screened by a survey on COVID-19-related health and social isolation status, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Social Media Use Disorder Scale (SMDS), Distress Thermometer, Scoff Eating Questionnaire, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Form (IPAQ). Results show decreased PHQ-9, GAD-7, and ASRS scores at follow-up. Even though the screen time increases, SMDS scores significantly decline. SMDS have a direct effect on PHQ-9 and ASRS levels, in addition to an indirect effect through the Distress Thermometer. Higher SMDS scores predict higher anxious and depressive symptomatology in repeated assessments. Fear of COVID-19 scores have a direct effect on GAD-7 scores only. This study suggests that the stress level and psychiatric symptomatology of the students decreased significantly in the early phases of the pandemic. The level of social media use disorder should be taken into account while following college students with mental health symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Ercan Dogan
- Department of Psychiatry, Koç University, School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Kebapci
- Department of Psychiatry, Koç University Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Ertan
- Koç University, School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Nurdan Kozan Caki
- Koç University Psychological Counselling and Psychotherapy Center (KUPTEM), İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Vedat Sar
- Department of Psychiatry, Koç University, School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hale Yapici Eser
- Department of Psychiatry, Koç University, School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Mamun MA, Griffiths MD. Using media reports about suicide as data: Response to Etchells et al. (2021). Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:3106-3112. [PMID: 34897690 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Ali M, Uddin Z, Amran Hossain KM, Uddin TR. Depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidal behavior among Bangladeshi undergraduate rehabilitation students: An observational study amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e549. [PMID: 35284647 PMCID: PMC8905129 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Common mental health symptoms (CMHS) like depressive moods, anxiety, and stress are the underlying causes of suicidal behavior. The incidence of suicide is higher among Bangladeshi students. Due to the pandemic, students of health/rehabilitation sciences are at the most significant risk. This study aimed to measure the prevalence rate and predicting factors for depression, anxiety and stress, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts in Bangladeshi undergraduate rehabilitation students. Methods This cross-sectional study included data from 731 participants. Descriptive analyses estimated prevalence, and multivariate logistic regression models identified the factors associated with CMHS and suicidal behavior after adjusting the confounders. Results The result shows a high prevalence of moderate to very severe CMHS and a higher risk of suicidal ideation among rehabilitation students. Sociodemographic factors, illness, behavior, institution, and subject-related issues were identified as the predicting factors of CMHS and suicidal behavior. The students suffering from mental health symptoms reported suicidal ideation and attempted at a significantly higher rate. Conclusion To deal with CHMS and suicide risk, a holistic, supportive approach from government and academic institutions are essential for minimizing the predicting factors identified by this study. The study is helpful for the government regulatory body and policymakers to take immediate steps for preventing CMHS and suicidal behavior among rehabilitation students in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali
- Department of Physiotherapy and RehabilitationUttara Adhunik Medical College and HospitalDhakaBangladesh
- Hasna Hena PainPhysiotherapy and Public Health Research Center (HPRC)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Zakir Uddin
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Kazi M. Amran Hossain
- Department of PhysiotherapyBangladesh Health Professions Institute, CRPDhakaBangladesh
- Cross Specialty Research TeamEast Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation TrustKentUK
| | - Turjo R. Uddin
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
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Rasheduzzaman M, al-Mamun F, Hosen I, Akter T, Hossain M, Griffiths MD, Mamun MA. Suicidal behaviors among Bangladeshi university students: Prevalence and risk factors. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262006. [PMID: 35025905 PMCID: PMC8758040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bangladeshi university students are considered to be highly suicide-prone compared to other populations and cohorts. However, no prior epidemiological studies have assessed the suicidality (i.e., past-year suicidal ideation [SI], lifetime suicide plan [SP], and lifetime suicide attempt [SA]) among Bangladeshi students, including the variables such as past-year stressful life events and family mental health history. This is arguably a major knowledge gap in the country. Therefore, the present study investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors for suicidal behaviors among Bangladeshi university students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing a convenience sampling method among a total of 1844 university students between October and November 2019. Data were collected based on the information related to socio-demographics, perceived health-related questions, past-year stressful life events, family mental health history, and suicidal behaviors (i.e., SI, SP, and SA). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regressions were used to analyze the data utilizing SPSS statistical software. Results The prevalence of past-year suicidal ideation, lifetime suicide plans, and suicide attempts were 13.4%, 6.0%, and 4.4%, respectively. Females reported significantly higher suicidal behavior than males (i.e., 20.6% vs.10.2% SI; 9% vs. 4.6% SP; and 6.4% vs.3.6% SA). Risk factors for SI were being female, year of academic study, residing in an urban area, using psychoactive substances, experiencing both past year physical and mental illness, experiencing any type of stressful past-year life events, experiencing campus ragging (i.e., senior students abusing, humiliating and/or harassing freshers or more junior students), experiencing family mental illness history, and having family suicide attempt history. SP was associated with several factors including being female, year of academic study, using psychoactive substance, experiencing both past-year physical and mental illness, and experiencing any type of stressful past-year life events. Risk factors for SA were being female, year of academic study, using psychoactive substances, experiencing past-year mental illness, experiencing any type of stressful past-year life events, and having family suicide attempt history. Conclusions University students appear to be a vulnerable group for experiencing suicidal behaviors. The present findings warrant rigorous action and early intervention programs such as counseling and other mental health professional services by university authorities. Longitudinal studies are highly recommended involving countrywide representative samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rasheduzzaman
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Institute of Social Welfare and Research, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj al-Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail Hosen
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Akter
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Moazzem Hossain
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology of Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MAM); (MDG)
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail: (MAM); (MDG)
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Mamun MA, Misti JM, Hosen I, Al Mamun F. Suicidal behaviors and university entrance test-related factors: A Bangladeshi exploratory study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:278-287. [PMID: 33834493 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study is the first investigating unexplored psychological issues of university entrance test-taking students in Bangladesh. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study investigates suicidal behaviors and their socio-demographic, admission test-related, and psychopathological risk factors among a total of 911-Bangladeshi university entrance test-takers. FINDINGS About 17.7% of the participants report suicidal thoughts, whereas it is 8.0% and 2.5% for suicide plans and suicide attempts, respectively. Significantly higher suicidal thought is observed in the repeat test-taking students compared to the first-time test-takers (20.7% vs. 14.6%, χ 2 = 5.669, p = 0.017), though the suicide plan and suicide attempt are not associated with student status. The suicidal thought risk factors include female gender, urban residence, satisfaction with the mock test, mental disorders etc. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The present findings warrant implementing initiatives for this suicide-prone cohort, especially for the test-failing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh (Center for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research-Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Mawa Misti
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh (Center for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research-Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pabna Medical College, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail Hosen
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh (Center for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research-Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Al Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh (Center for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action and Research-Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Mamun MA, Safiq MB, Hosen I, al Mamun F. Burnout, does the university entrance test failing attribute? A Bangladeshi exploratory study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258100. [PMID: 34610010 PMCID: PMC8491878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Getting admission into a university is highly competitive globally and can be regarded as a mental stressor for some individuals. In Bangladesh, most of the universities allow students to repeat the test, whereas repeat test-taking students are supposed to suffer from psychological issues like burnout because of academic non-achievement in their first attempt. But there is no prior study assessing burnout to the population, which was investigated herein. A cross-sectional study was carried out among a total of 911 Bangladeshi university entrance test-taking students (i.e., 49.5% first-time test-takers). The survey measures included socio-demographics, admission-related issues, and mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and burnout). Of the mental health problems, depression, anxiety, and burnout were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS), respectively. In light of two-dimensional and three-dimensional cutoff schemes of the MBI-SS, about 43.7% and 17.3% of the test-taking students, respectively, were classified to be burnout in the total sample. Additionally, 48.1%, 71.4%, and 49.1% of the students in the total sample reported higher emotional exhaustion, higher cynicism, and lower academic efficacy, respectively. In respect to the student status, two-dimensional burnout (48.0% vs. 39.2%; χ2 = 7.164, p = 0.007), and emotional exhaustion (52.2% vs. 43.9%, χ2 = 6.789, p = 0.034) were significantly higher among the repeat test-taking students. Satisfaction with previous mock tests, depression, and anxiety were the associated factors of burnout in all three samples. Based on the present study, it can be concluded that the university entrance test appearing students are highly prevalent to burnout, and the rate increases with academic non-achievement. As the first study assessing burnout to the population, the findings are anticipated to be helpful for policymaking and further studies both inside and outside Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ismail Hosen
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj al Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Faruk MO, Mamun MA, Siddique AB, Griffiths MD. Risk Factors for Depression and Anxiety Disorders Among Bangladeshi Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDental students are highly prone to mental health suffering due to the stressors related to their educational, academic, and clinical environment. However, there are no previous studies that evaluated the mental health problems among dental students in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study assessed the prevalence of depression and anxiety and its covariates. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among the students of five (out of a total of nine) Bangladeshi public dental institutes. The survey included the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, and questions relating to sociodemographic factors, personal suffering, and family mental health history. Results indicated that the prevalence rates for moderate to severe depression and anxiety were 27.4% and 18.2%, respectively. The risk factors for depression and anxiety were being female, coming from city areas, having past-year psychological and physical suffering, having past-year traumatic events, and having a family history of mental illness, as well as a range of suicide-related behaviors. The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety in the present study were relatively lower than other dental student cohorts residing outside Bangladesh. Further investigations are suggested based on the limitations and strengths of the present study.
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Ahammed B, Jahan N, Seddeque A, Hossain MT, Shovo TEA, Khan B, Mamun MA, Islam MN. Exploring the association between mental health and subjective sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic among Bangladeshi university students. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07082. [PMID: 34095577 PMCID: PMC8165399 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has triggered a global panic, affecting the mental well-being of people of all ages, including students. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between self-reported mental health concerns and subjective sleep quality of the Bangladeshi university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted to maintain the social distancing recommended by the World Health Organization. There were 1,317 student responses from 49 universities across Bangladesh. Data was analyzed by executing both bi-variate and multivariate analysis. Findings indicate that 27.1%, 51.0%, 45.9%, and 86.0% of students had poor subjective sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and fear of COVID-19, respectively. Anxiety (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06-1.12, p < 0.001) was a risk factor for increasing the poor subjective sleep quality of university students. In contrast, the odds of poor subjective sleep quality were lower with increasing the score of depression (AOR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.86-0.90, p < 0.001) and fear of COVID-19 (AOR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-0.99, p < 0.05). Compared to public university students, private university students were more likely to report poor subjective sleep quality since the pandemic began. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that psychiatric conditions of university students should be monitored during the COVID-19 epidemic, and necessary strategies, such as allocation of resources, implementation of awareness programs, establishment of psychological counselling unit, should carefully be devised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benojir Ahammed
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering & Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- Sociology Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Aysha Seddeque
- Department of Business Administration, School of Business, Northern University of Business and Technology Khulna, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanvir Hossain
- Sociology Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Taufiq-E-Ahmed Shovo
- Sociology Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
- School of Humanities and Social Science, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Bayezid Khan
- Development Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh (Centre for Health Innovation, Networking, Training, Action Research – Bangladesh), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahanginagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazrul Islam
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Chu H, Yang Y, Zhou J, Wang W, Qiu X, Yang X, Qiao Z, Song X, Zhao E. Social Support and Suicide Risk Among Chinese University Students: A Mental Health Perspective. Front Public Health 2021; 9:566993. [PMID: 33681117 PMCID: PMC7925394 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.566993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: World Health Organization recognizes suicide as a public health priority. This study aimed to investigate the risk life events which led university students to consider suicide and explore the protective mechanism of social support (including subjective support, objective support, and support utilization) on suicide risk. Methods: Three thousand nine hundred and seventy-two university students were recruited in Harbin, China. Social Support Rating Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the 25-item scale of suicide acceptability were used to collect participants' information. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and mediation analysis were employed for statistical analysis. Results: "Drug addict," "infected with HIV," and "incurable illness" were the top three events that led university students to consider suicide. Social support played an important protective role against suicide risk. Subjective support and support utilization had total effects on suicide acceptability, including direct and indirect effects. Anxiety (indirect effect = -0.022, 95% CI = -0.037 ~ -0.009) and depressive symptoms (indirect effect = -0.197, 95% CI = -0.228 ~ -0.163) mediated the relationship between subjective support and suicide acceptability; meanwhile, the association between support utilization and suicide acceptability was mediated by anxiety (indirect effect = -0.054, 95% CI = -0.088 ~ -0.024) and depressive symptoms (indirect effect = -0.486, 95% CI = -0.558 ~ -0.422). However, the protective impact of objective support worked totally through decreasing anxiety (indirect effect = -0.018, 95% CI = -0.035 ~ -0.006) and depressive symptoms (indirect effect = -0.196, 95% CI = -0.246 ~ -0.143). Moreover, the mediation effects of depressive symptoms had stronger power than anxiety in the impact of social support on suicide risk. Conclusions: Among Chinese university students, suicide acceptability was elevated when there was a health scare. Social support effectively reduced suicide risk via decreasing anxiety and depressive symptoms. From the mental health perspective, families, peers, teachers, and communities should work together to establish a better social support system for university students, if necessary, help them to seek professional psychological services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Chu
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuxian Yang
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengxue Qiao
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuejia Song
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Erying Zhao
- Medical Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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