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Nie H, Yang X, Zheng S, Hou L. Gene-Based Developments in Improving Quality of Tomato: Focus on Firmness, Shelf Life, and Pre- and Post-Harvest Stress Adaptations. HORTICULTURAE 2024; 10:641. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10060641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a widely consumed vegetable crop with significant economic and nutritional importance. This review paper discusses the recent advancements in gene-based approaches to enhance the quality of tomatoes, particularly focusing on firmness, shelf life, and adaptations to pre- and post-harvest stresses. Utilizing genetic engineering techniques, such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) and Transcription Activator-like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), researchers have made remarkable progress in developing tomatoes with improved traits that address key challenges faced during cultivation, storage, and transportation. We further highlighted the potential of genetic modifications in enhancing tomato firmness, thereby reducing post-harvest losses and improving consumer satisfaction. Furthermore, strategies to extend tomato shelf life through genetic interventions are discussed, emphasizing the importance of maintaining quality and freshness for sustainable food supply chains. Furthermore, the review delves into the ways in which gene-based adaptations can bolster tomatoes against environmental stresses, pests, and diseases, thereby enhancing crop resilience and ensuring stable yields. Emphasizing these crucial facets, this review highlights the essential contribution of genetic advancements in transforming tomato production, elevating quality standards, and promoting the sustainability of tomato cultivation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Nie
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiu Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Shaowen Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Leiping Hou
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
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Bowerman AF, Byrt CS, Roy SJ, Whitney SM, Mortimer JC, Ankeny RA, Gilliham M, Zhang D, Millar AA, Rebetzke GJ, Pogson BJ. Potential abiotic stress targets for modern genetic manipulation. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:139-161. [PMID: 36377770 PMCID: PMC9806601 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Research into crop yield and resilience has underpinned global food security, evident in yields tripling in the past 5 decades. The challenges that global agriculture now faces are not just to feed 10+ billion people within a generation, but to do so under a harsher, more variable, and less predictable climate, and in many cases with less water, more expensive inputs, and declining soil quality. The challenges of climate change are not simply to breed for a "hotter drier climate," but to enable resilience to floods and droughts and frosts and heat waves, possibly even within a single growing season. How well we prepare for the coming decades of climate variability will depend on our ability to modify current practices, innovate with novel breeding methods, and communicate and work with farming communities to ensure viability and profitability. Here we define how future climates will impact farming systems and growing seasons, thereby identifying the traits and practices needed and including exemplars being implemented and developed. Critically, this review will also consider societal perspectives and public engagement about emerging technologies for climate resilience, with participatory approaches presented as the best approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Bowerman
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Stuart John Roy
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Spencer M Whitney
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Rachel A Ankeny
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Humanities, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dabing Zhang
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony A Millar
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Greg J Rebetzke
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Barry J Pogson
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Behera TK, Krishna R, Ansari WA, Aamir M, Kumar P, Kashyap SP, Pandey S, Kole C. Approaches Involved in the Vegetable Crops Salt Stress Tolerance Improvement: Present Status and Way Ahead. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:787292. [PMID: 35281697 PMCID: PMC8916085 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses as it persists throughout the plant life cycle. The productivity of crops is prominently affected by soil salinization due to faulty agricultural practices, increasing human activities, and natural processes. Approximately 10% of the total land area (950 Mha) and 50% of the total irrigated area (230 Mha) in the world are under salt stress. As a consequence, an annual loss of 12 billion US$ is estimated because of reduction in agriculture production inflicted by salt stress. The severity of salt stress will increase in the upcoming years with the increasing world population, and hence the forced use of poor-quality soil and irrigation water. Unfortunately, majority of the vegetable crops, such as bean, carrot, celery, eggplant, lettuce, muskmelon, okra, pea, pepper, potato, spinach, and tomato, have very low salinity threshold (ECt, which ranged from 1 to 2.5 dS m-1 in saturated soil). These crops used almost every part of the world and lakes' novel salt tolerance gene within their gene pool. Salt stress severely affects the yield and quality of these crops. To resolve this issue, novel genes governing salt tolerance under extreme salt stress were identified and transferred to the vegetable crops. The vegetable improvement for salt tolerance will require not only the yield influencing trait but also target those characters or traits that directly influence the salt stress to the crop developmental stage. Genetic engineering and grafting is the potential tool which can improve salt tolerance in vegetable crop regardless of species barriers. In the present review, an updated detail of the various physio-biochemical and molecular aspects involved in salt stress have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ram Krishna
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | | | - Mohd Aamir
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Varanasi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
| | | | - Sudhakar Pandey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Varanasi, India
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Dūmiņš K, Andersone-Ozola U, Samsone I, Elferts D, Ievinsh G. Growth and Physiological Performance of a Coastal Species Trifolium fragiferum as Affected by a Coexistence with Trifolium repens, NaCl Treatment and Inoculation with Rhizobia. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102196. [PMID: 34686005 PMCID: PMC8539394 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the growth and physiological performance of two coexisting species, Trifolium fragiferum, and Trifolium repens, under the effect of NaCl and rhizobial symbiosis. Seeds of T. fragiferum and T. repens were collected from populations in the wild, and plants were cultivated in an automated greenhouse, two plants per container. Three basic types of planting were performed: (1) both plants were T. fragiferum (single species), (2) one T. fragiferum and one T. repens (species coexistence), (3) both plants were T. repens (single species). For every basic type, three subtypes were made: (1) non-inoculated, (2) inoculated with rhizobia taken from T. fargiferum, (3) inoculated with rhizobia taken from T. repens. For every subtype, half of the containers were used as control, and half were treated with NaCl. Shoot fresh mass of plants was significantly (p < 0.001) affected by species coexistence, inoculant, and NaCl. Three significant two-way interactions on plant shoot growth were found: between species coexistence and NaCl (p < 0.001), inoculant and species (p < 0.05), and NaCl and species (p < 0.001). A significant three-way interaction between inoculant, NaCl, and species (p < 0.001) indicated different responses of shoot growth of the two species to inoculant type and NaCl. NaCl treatment was an important factor for T. fragiferum, resulting in better growth in conditions of species coexistence, but the positive effect of bacterial inoculant was significantly more pronounced. A decrease in peroxidase activity in leaves was a good indicator of relative NaCl tolerance, while the absence/presence of rhizobial inoculation was reflected by changes in leaf chlorophyll concentration and photochemical activity of photosystem II. It can be concluded that interaction between biotic and abiotic factors affected the outcome of the coexistence of the two Trifolium species. Distribution of T. fragiferum in sea-affected habitats seems to be related to a higher competitive ability with allied species at increased substrate salinity, based on better physiological salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kārlis Dūmiņš
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.D.); (U.A.-O.); (I.S.)
| | - Una Andersone-Ozola
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.D.); (U.A.-O.); (I.S.)
| | - Ineta Samsone
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.D.); (U.A.-O.); (I.S.)
| | - Didzis Elferts
- Department of Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Gederts Ievinsh
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.D.); (U.A.-O.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Meco V, Egea I, Ortíz-Atienza A, Drevensek S, Esch E, Yuste-Lisbona FJ, Barneche F, Vriezen W, Bolarin MC, Lozano R, Flores FB. The Salt Sensitivity Induced by Disruption of Cell Wall-Associated Kinase 1 ( SlWAK1) Tomato Gene Is Linked to Altered Osmotic and Metabolic Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6308. [PMID: 32878190 PMCID: PMC7503591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato cell wall-associated kinase 1 (SlWAK1) has only been studied in biotic stress response and hence its function in abiotic stress remains unknown. In a screening under salinity of an insertional mutant collection of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), a mutant exhibiting lower degree of leaf chlorosis than wild type (WT) together with reduced leaf Na+ accumulation was selected. Genetic analysis of the mutation revealed that a single T-DNA insertion in the SlWAK1 gene was responsible of the mutant phenotype. Slwak1 null mutant reduced its shoot growth compared with WT, despite its improved Na+ homeostasis. SlWAK1 disruption affected osmotic homeostasis, as leaf water content was lower in mutant than in WT under salt stress. In addition, Slwak1 altered the source-sink balance under salinity, by increasing sucrose content in roots. Finally, a significant fruit yield reduction was found in Slwak1 vs. WT under long-term salt stress, mainly due to lower fruit weight. Our results show that disruption of SlWAK1 induces a higher sucrose transport from source leaf to sink root, negatively affecting fruit, the main sink at adult stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoriano Meco
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.E.); (M.C.B.); (F.B.F.)
| | - Isabel Egea
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.E.); (M.C.B.); (F.B.F.)
| | - Ana Ortíz-Atienza
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL). Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.O.-A.); (F.J.Y.-L.); (R.L.)
| | - Stéphanie Drevensek
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France; (S.D.); (F.B.)
| | - Elisabeth Esch
- BASF Vegetable Seeds, Napoleonsweg 152, 6083AB Nunhem, The Netherlands; (E.E.); (W.V.)
| | - Fernando J. Yuste-Lisbona
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL). Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.O.-A.); (F.J.Y.-L.); (R.L.)
| | - Fredy Barneche
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France; (S.D.); (F.B.)
| | - Wim Vriezen
- BASF Vegetable Seeds, Napoleonsweg 152, 6083AB Nunhem, The Netherlands; (E.E.); (W.V.)
| | - María C. Bolarin
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.E.); (M.C.B.); (F.B.F.)
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL). Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.O.-A.); (F.J.Y.-L.); (R.L.)
| | - Francisco B. Flores
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.E.); (M.C.B.); (F.B.F.)
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Krishna R, Karkute SG, Ansari WA, Jaiswal DK, Verma JP, Singh M. Transgenic tomatoes for abiotic stress tolerance: status and way ahead. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:143. [PMID: 30944790 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable crops; its production, productivity and quality are adversely affected by abiotic stresses. Abiotic stresses such as drought, extreme temperature and high salinity affect almost every stage of tomato life cycle. Depending upon the plant stage and duration of the stress, abiotic stress causes about 70% yield loss. Several wild tomato species have the stress tolerance genes; however, it is very difficult to transfer them into cultivars due to high genetic distance and crossing barriers. Transgenic technology is an alternative potential tool for the improvement of tomato crop to cope with abiotic stress, as it allows gene transfer across species. In recent decades, many transgenic tomatoes have been developed, and many more are under progress against abiotic stress using transgenes such as DREBs, Osmotin, ZAT12 and BADH2. The altered expression of these transgenes under abiotic stresses are involved in every step of stress responses, such as signaling, control of transcription, proteins and membrane protection, compatible solute (betaines, sugars, polyols, and amino acids) synthesis, and free-radical and toxic-compound scavenging. The stress-tolerant transgenic tomato development is based on introgression of a gene with known function in stress response and putative tolerance. Transgenic tomato plants have been developed against drought, heat and salt stress with the help of various transgenes, expression of which manages the stress at the cellular level by modulating the expression of downstream genes to ultimately improve growth and yield of tomato plants and help in sustainable agricultural production. The transgenic technology could be a faster way towards tomato improvement against abiotic stress. This review provides comprehensive information about transgenic tomato development against abiotic stress such as drought, heat and salinity for researcher attention and a better understanding of transgenic technology used in tomato improvement and sustainable agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Krishna
- 1Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
- 2Division of Vegetable Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305 India
| | - Suhas G Karkute
- 2Division of Vegetable Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305 India
| | - Waquar A Ansari
- 2Division of Vegetable Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305 India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal
- 1Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Jay Prakash Verma
- 1Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
- 3Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, Sydney, NSW 2750 Australia
| | - Major Singh
- 4ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune, 410505 India
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Li N, Du C, Ma B, Gao Z, Wu Z, Zheng L, Niu Y, Wang Y. Functional Analysis of Ion Transport Properties and Salt Tolerance Mechanisms of RtHKT1 from the Recretohalophyte Reaumuria trigyna. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:85-106. [PMID: 30239906 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reaumuria trigyna is an endangered recretohalophyte and a small archaic feral shrub that is endemic to arid and semi-arid plateau regions of Inner Mongolia, China. Based on transcriptomic data, we isolated a high-affinity potassium transporter gene (RtHKT1) from R. trigyna, which encoded a plasma membrane-localized protein. RtHKT1 was rapidly up-regulated by high Na+ or low K+ and exhibited different tissue-specific expression patterns before and after stress treatment. Transgenic yeast showed tolerance to high Na+ or low K+, while transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited tolerance to high Na+ and sensitivity to high K+, or high Na+-low K+, confirming that Na+ tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis depends on a sufficient external K+ concentration. Under external high Na+, high K+ and low K+ conditions, transgenic yeast accumulated more Na+-K+, Na+ and K+, while transgenic Arabidopsis accumulated less Na+-more K+, more Na+ and more Na+-K+, respectively, indicating that the ion transport properties of RtHKT1 depend on the external Na+-K+ environment. Salt stress induced up-regulation of some ion transporter genes (AtSOS1/AtHAK5/AtKUP5-6), as well as down-regulation of some genes (AtNHX1/AtAVP1/AtKUP9-12), revealing that multi-ion-transporter synergism maintains Na+/K+ homeostasis under salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. Overexpression of RtHKT1 enhanced K+ accumulation and prevented Na+ transport from roots to shoots, improved biomass accumulation and Chl content in salt-stressed transgenic Arabidopsis. The proline content and relative water content increased significantly, and some proline biosynthesis genes (AtP5CS1 and AtP5CS2) were also up-regulated in salt-stressed transgenic plants. These results suggest that RtHKT1 confers salt tolerance on transgenic Arabidopsis by maintaining Na+/K+ homeostasis and osmotic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Li
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Chao Du
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Binjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Ziqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Yiding Niu
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
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Egea I, Albaladejo I, Meco V, Morales B, Sevilla A, Bolarin MC, Flores FB. The drought-tolerant Solanum pennellii regulates leaf water loss and induces genes involved in amino acid and ethylene/jasmonate metabolism under dehydration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2791. [PMID: 29434236 PMCID: PMC5809557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breeding for drought-tolerant crops is a pressing issue due to the increasing frequency and duration of droughts caused by climate change. Although important sources of variation for drought tolerance exist in wild relatives, the mechanisms and the key genes controlling tolerance in tomato are little known. The aim of this study is to determine the drought response of the tomato wild relative Solanum pennellii (Sp) compared with the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum (Sl). The paper investigates the physiological and molecular responses in leaves of Sp and Sl plants without stress and moderate drought stress. Significant physiological differences between species were found, with Sp leaves showing greater ability to avoid water loss and oxidative damage. Leaf transcriptomic analysis carried out when leaves did not as yet show visual dehydration symptoms revealed important constitutive expression differences between Sp and Sl species. Genes linked to different physiological and metabolic processes were induced by drought in Sp, especially those involved in N assimilation, GOGAT/GS cycle and GABA-shunt. Up-regulation in Sp of genes linked to JA/ET biosynthesis and signaling pathways was also observed. In sum, genes involved in the amino acid metabolism together with genes linked to ET/JA seem to be key actors in the drought tolerance of the wild tomato species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Egea
- Department of stress biology and plant pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Irene Albaladejo
- Department of stress biology and plant pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoriano Meco
- Department of stress biology and plant pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, University of Malaga-CSIC, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Belén Morales
- Department of stress biology and plant pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Angel Sevilla
- Inbionova Biotech S.L., Edif. CEEIM.University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria C Bolarin
- Department of stress biology and plant pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco B Flores
- Department of stress biology and plant pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain.
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Massaretto IL, Albaladejo I, Purgatto E, Flores FB, Plasencia F, Egea-Fernández JM, Bolarin MC, Egea I. Recovering Tomato Landraces to Simultaneously Improve Fruit Yield and Nutritional Quality Against Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1778. [PMID: 30555505 PMCID: PMC6284034 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress generally induces important negative effects on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) productivity but it may also cause a positive effect improving fruit quality, one of the greatest challenges in nowadays agriculture. Because of the genetic erosion of this horticultural species, the recovery of locally adapted landraces could play a very important role in avoiding, at least partially, production losses and simultaneously improving fruit quality. Two tomato landraces endemic of the Spanish Southeast area, characterized by the harsh climatic conditions of the Mediterranean basin, have been selected: Negro Yeste (NY) characterized by its dark-red colored fruits and Verdal (V), which fruits did not achieve the characteristic red color at ripening. Here the agronomic, physiological, and metabolic responses of these landraces were compared with the reference tomato commercial cv. Moneymaker (MM), in plants grown without salt (control) and with salt stress (100 mM NaCl) for 70 days. The higher salt tolerance of both landraces was mainly reflected in the fruit number, as NY only reduced the fruit number in salt stress by 20% whereas in MM it was reduced till 43%, and in V the fruit number even showed an increase of 33% with salt stress. An important fruit quality parameter is soluble solids content, which increases induced by salinity were significantly higher in both landraces (60 and 78% in NY and V, respectively) compared with MM (34%). Although both landraces showed a similar response in relation to the high chlorophyll accumulation detected in their fruits, the fruit metabolic profiles were very different. Increased carotenoids levels were found in NY fruits, especially lycopene in ripe fruit, and this characteristic was observed in both control and salt stress. Contrarily, the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway was disrupted in V ripe fruits, but other metabolites, such as Ca2+, mannose, formate, and glutamate were accumulated. These results highlight the potential of tomato landraces to improve nutritional fruit quality and maintain fruit yield stability under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel L. Massaretto
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irene Albaladejo
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Purgatto
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco B. Flores
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Félix Plasencia
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Maria C. Bolarin
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Egea
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Isabel Egea
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10
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Garcia-Abellan JO, Albaladejo I, Egea I, Flores FB, Capel C, Capel J, Angosto T, Lozano R, Bolarin MC. The phenotype alterations showed by the res tomato mutant disappear when the plants are grown under semi-arid conditions: Is the res mutant tolerant to multiple stresses? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1146847. [PMID: 0 PMCID: PMC5703232 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1146847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The res (restored cell structure by salinity) mutant, recently identified as the first tomato mutant accumulating jasmonate (JA) without stress, exhibited important morphological alterations when plants were grown under control conditions but these disappeared under salt stress. Since the defense responses against stresses are activated in the res mutant as a consequence of the increased expression of genes from the JA biosynthetic and signaling pathways, the mutant may display a tolerance response not only to salt stress but also to multiple stresses. Here, we show that when res mutant plants are grown under the summer natural conditions of the Mediterranean area, with high temperatures and low relative humidity, the characteristic leaf chlorosis exhibited by the mutant disappears and leaves become dark green over time, with a similar aspect to WT leaves. Moreover, the mutant plants are able to achieve chlorophyll and fluorescence levels similar to those of WT. These results hint that research on res tomato mutant may allow very significant advances in the knowledge of defense responses activated by JA against multiple stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Albaladejo
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Egea
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco B. Flores
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Capel
- Agro-Food Biotechnology Research Center (BITAL), University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain
| | - Juan Capel
- Agro-Food Biotechnology Research Center (BITAL), University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain
| | - Trinidad Angosto
- Agro-Food Biotechnology Research Center (BITAL), University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Agro-Food Biotechnology Research Center (BITAL), University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain
| | - Maria C. Bolarin
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
- CONTACT Maria C. Bolarin Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Spain
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11
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Campos JF, Cara B, Pérez-Martín F, Pineda B, Egea I, Flores FB, Fernandez-Garcia N, Capel J, Moreno V, Angosto T, Lozano R, Bolarin MC. The tomato mutant ars1 (altered response to salt stress 1) identifies an R1-type MYB transcription factor involved in stomatal closure under salt acclimation. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1345-56. [PMID: 26578112 PMCID: PMC11388943 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A screening under salt stress conditions of a T-DNA mutant collection of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) led to the identification of the altered response to salt stress 1 (ars1) mutant, which showed a salt-sensitive phenotype. Genetic analysis of the ars1 mutation revealed that a single T-DNA insertion in the ARS1 gene was responsible of the mutant phenotype. ARS1 coded for an R1-MYB type transcription factor and its expression was induced by salinity in leaves. The mutant reduced fruit yield under salt acclimation while in the absence of stress the disruption of ARS1 did not affect this agronomic trait. The stomatal behaviour of ars1 mutant leaves induced higher Na(+) accumulation via the transpiration stream, as the decreases of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate induced by salt stress were markedly lower in the mutant plants. Moreover, the mutation affected stomatal closure in a response mediated by abscisic acid (ABA). The characterization of tomato transgenic lines silencing and overexpressing ARS1 corroborates the role of the gene in regulating the water loss via transpiration under salinity. Together, our results show that ARS1 tomato gene contributes to reduce transpirational water loss under salt stress. Finally, this gene could be interesting for tomato molecular breeding, because its manipulation could lead to improved stress tolerance without yield penalty under optimal culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Campos
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cara
- Agro-Food Biotechnology Research Centre (BITAL), University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando Pérez-Martín
- Agro-Food Biotechnology Research Centre (BITAL), University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
| | - Benito Pineda
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and In Vitro Culture, IBMCP-UPV/CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Egea
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco B Flores
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Juan Capel
- Agro-Food Biotechnology Research Centre (BITAL), University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
| | - Vicente Moreno
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and In Vitro Culture, IBMCP-UPV/CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Trinidad Angosto
- Agro-Food Biotechnology Research Centre (BITAL), University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Agro-Food Biotechnology Research Centre (BITAL), University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
| | - Maria C Bolarin
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
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12
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Gharsallah C, Fakhfakh H, Grubb D, Gorsane F. Effect of salt stress on ion concentration, proline content, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression in tomato cultivars. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw055. [PMID: 27543452 PMCID: PMC5091694 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a constraint limiting plant growth and productivity of crops throughout the world. Understanding the mechanism underlying plant response to salinity provides new insights into the improvement of salt tolerance-crops of importance. In the present study, we report on the responses of twenty cultivars of tomato. We have clustered genotypes into scale classes according to their response to increased NaCl levels. Three local tomato genotypes, representative of different saline scale classes, were selected for further investigation. During early (0 h, 6 h and 12 h) and later (7 days) stages of the response to salt treatment, ion concentrations (Na+, K+ and Ca2+), proline content, enzyme activities (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guiacol peroxidase) were recorded. qPCR analysis of candidate genes WRKY (8, 31and 39), ERF (9, 16 and 80), LeNHX (1, 3 and 4) and HKT (class I) were performed. A high K+, Ca2 +and proline accumulation as well as a decrease of Na+ concentration-mediated salt tolerance. Concomitant with a pattern of high-antioxidant enzyme activities, tolerant genotypes also displayed differential patterns of gene expression during the response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charfeddine Gharsallah
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis ElManar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Fakhfakh
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis ElManar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Douglas Grubb
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle, 06120 Saale, Germany
| | - Faten Gorsane
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis ElManar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
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13
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Garcia-Abellan JO, Fernandez-Garcia N, Lopez-Berenguer C, Egea I, Flores FB, Angosto T, Capel J, Lozano R, Pineda B, Moreno V, Olmos E, Bolarin MC. The tomato res mutant which accumulates JA in roots in non-stressed conditions restores cell structure alterations under salinity. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 155:296-314. [PMID: 25582191 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) regulates a wide spectrum of plant biological processes, from plant development to stress defense responses. The role of JA in plant response to salt stress is scarcely known, and even less known is the specific response in root, the main plant organ responsible for ionic uptake and transport to the shoot. Here we report the characterization of the first tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) mutant, named res (restored cell structure by salinity), that accumulates JA in roots prior to exposure to stress. The res tomato mutant presented remarkable growth inhibition and displayed important morphological alterations and cellular disorganization in roots and leaves under control conditions, while these alterations disappeared when the res mutant plants were grown under salt stress. Reciprocal grafting between res and wild type (WT) (tomato cv. Moneymaker) indicated that the main organ responsible for the development of alterations was the root. The JA-signaling pathway is activated in res roots prior to stress, with transcripts levels being even higher in control condition than in salinity. Future studies on this mutant will provide significant advances in the knowledge of JA role in root in salt-stress tolerance response, as well as in the energy trade-off between plant growth and response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- José O Garcia-Abellan
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Nieves Fernandez-Garcia
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Lopez-Berenguer
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Egea
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco B Flores
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Trinidad Angosto
- Agro-Food Biotechnology Research Centre (BITAL), University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Juan Capel
- Agro-Food Biotechnology Research Centre (BITAL), University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Agro-Food Biotechnology Research Centre (BITAL), University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Benito Pineda
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and In Vitro Culture, IBMCP-UPV/CSIC, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Moreno
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and In Vitro Culture, IBMCP-UPV/CSIC, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Olmos
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria C Bolarin
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo-Murcia, Spain
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