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Liang P, Peng X, Hu G, Wu R, Jin J, Ang S, Li D. Four new sesquiterpenoids from the aerial parts of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco.) Benth. and their hypoglycemic activity. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106054. [PMID: 38852891 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Four previously undescribed sesquiterpenoids (1-4), including two natural guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids (1-2), a rearranged guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid (3), and a norsesquiterpenoid (4), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco.) Benth. Their chemical structures were determined based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis, including UV, IR, NMR, HRESIMS, and CD spectroscopy. Compound 1 exhibited a good hypoglycemic activity with glucose uptake of 124.3% and 131.2% in myotubes, respectively, at the concentrations of 20 and 40 μM and showed no cytotoxicity. These findings provide a material basis for further research on P. cablin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiting Liang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Xingjia Peng
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Gui'e Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Rihui Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Jingwei Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Song Ang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China.
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China.
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Zheng T, Lin Z, Jiang G, Chen H, Yang Y, Zeng X. Pogostone attenuates osteolysis in breast cancer by inhibiting the NF-kB and JNK signaling pathways of osteoclast. Life Sci 2023; 328:121611. [PMID: 37068706 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in females, and approximately 70 % of all patients have evidence of metastatic bone disease, which substantially affects the quality of life and survival rate of breast cancer patients. Osteoporosis has become a global public health problem, and the abnormal activation of osteoclasts is the key to the progression of osteoporosis and the key to both diseases lies in the osteoclasts. Effective drug treatments are lacking and there is an urgent need to explore new drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We observed the effects of pogostone (PO) on osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption function and other indicators, and F-actin ring formation by using Trap staining, SEM and immunofluorescence, and further explored the targets of pogostone in regulating osteoclast differentiation and function using qPCR and Western Blot. In addition, we used CCK 8, Transwell, and flow cytometry to study the effects of pogostone on proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. Animal models were also constructed for in vivo validation. KEY FINDINGS Pogostone inhibits osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption, formation of F-actin ring, and the expression of specific genes by attenuated NF-kB degradation and phosphorylation of JNK. In vitro, pogostone suppresses invasion of breast cancer cells, migration, and promotes their apoptosis. In mouse models, pogostone attenuated osteoclast formation and bone resorption, blocked breast cancer cells migration, and supprsed breast cancer-induced osteolysis and ovariectomized (OVX)-mediated osteoporosis. SIGNIFICANCE These biological functions of pogostone make it a potential drug for treatment of breast cancer-associated bone metastasis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengjun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangyao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongxuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaocheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiangbin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Huaihua City, Huaihua, China.
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Li Z, Chen Y, Li Y, Zeng Y, Li W, Ma X, Huang L, Shen Y. Whole-Genome Resequencing Reveals the Diversity of Patchouli Germplasm. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10970. [PMID: 37446145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important medicinal and aromatic plant, patchouli is distributed throughout most of Asia. However, current research on patchouli's genetic diversity is limited and lacks genome-wide studies. Here, we have collected seven representative patchouli accessions from different localities and performed whole-genome resequencing on them. In total, 402,650 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 153,233 insertions/deletions (INDELs) were detected. Based on these abundant genetic variants, patchouli accessions were primarily classified into the Chinese group and the Southeast Asian group. However, the accession SP (Shipai) collected from China formed a distinct subgroup within the Southeast Asian group. As SP has been used as a genuine herb in traditional Chinese medicine, its unique molecular markers have been subsequently screened and verified. For 26,144 specific SNPs and 16,289 specific INDELs in SP, 10 of them were validated using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) following three different approaches. Further, we analyzed the effects of total genetic variants on genes involved in the sesquiterpene synthesis pathway, which produce the primary phytochemical compounds found in patchouli. Eight genes were ultimately investigated and a gene encoding nerolidol synthetase (PatNES) was chosen and confirmed through biochemical assay. In accession YN, genetic variants in PatNES led to a loss of synthetase activity. Our results provide valuable information for understanding the diversity of patchouli germplasm resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yiqiong Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yangyan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Wanying Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xiaona Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
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Yan W, Cao S, Wu Y, Ye Z, Zhang C, Yao G, Yu J, Yang D, Zhang J. Integrated Analysis of Physiological, mRNA Sequencing, and miRNA Sequencing Data Reveals a Specific Mechanism for the Response to Continuous Cropping Obstacles in Pogostemon cablin Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:853110. [PMID: 35432413 PMCID: PMC9010791 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pogostemon cablin (patchouli) is a commercially important medicinal and industrial crop grown worldwide for its medicinal and aromatic properties. Patchoulol and pogostone, derived from the essential oil of patchouli, are considered valuable components in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Due to its high application value in the clinic and industry, the demand for patchouli is constantly growing. Unfortunately, patchouli cultivation has suffered due to severe continuous cropping obstacles, resulting in a significant decline in yield and quality. Moreover, the physiological and transcriptional changes in patchouli in response to continuous cropping obstacles remain unclear. This has greatly restricted the development of the patchouli industry. To explore the mechanism underlying the rapid response of patchouli roots to continuous cropping stress, integrated analysis of the transcriptome and miRNA profiles of patchouli roots under continuous and noncontinuous cropping conditions in different growth periods was conducted using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and miRNA-seq and complemented with physiological data. The physiological and biochemical results showed that continuous cropping significantly inhibited root growth, decreased root activity, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and the levels of osmoregulators (malondialdehyde, soluble protein, soluble sugar, and proline). Subsequently, we found 4,238, 3,494, and 7,290 upregulated and 4,176, 3,202, and 8,599 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the three growth periods of continuously cropped patchouli, many of which were associated with primary carbon and nitrogen metabolism, defense responses, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and transcription factors. Based on miRNA-seq, 927 known miRNAs and 130 novel miRNAs were identified, among which 67 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIs) belonging to 24 miRNA families were induced or repressed by continuous cropping. By combining transcriptome and miRNA profiling, we obtained 47 miRNA-target gene pairs, consisting of 18 DEMIs and 43 DEGs, that likely play important roles in the continuous cropping response of patchouli. The information provided in this study will contribute to clarifying the intricate mechanism underlying the patchouli response to continuous cropping obstacles. In addition, the candidate miRNAs and genes can provide a new strategy for breeding continuous cropping-tolerant patchouli.
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Yan W, Ye Z, Cao S, Yao G, Yu J, Yang D, Chen P, Zhang J, Wu Y. Transcriptome analysis of two Pogostemon cablin chemotypes reveals genes related to patchouli alcohol biosynthesis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12025. [PMID: 34527441 PMCID: PMC8403477 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pogostemon cablin, a medicinally and economically important perennial herb, is cultivated around the world due to its medicinal and aromatic properties. Different P. cablin cultivars exhibit different morphological traits and patchouli oil components and contents (especially patchouli alcohol (PA) and pogostone (PO)). According to the signature constituent of the leaf, P. cablin was classified into two different chemotypes, including PA-type and PO-type. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of PA biosynthesis, the transcriptomes of Chinese-cultivated P. cablin cv. PA-type “Nanxiang” (NX) and PO-type “Paixiang” (PX) were analyzed and compared with ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology. We obtained a total of 36.83 G clean bases from the two chemotypes, compared them with seven databases and revealed 45,394 annotated unigenes. Thirty-six candidate unigenes participating in the biosynthesis of PA were found in the P. cablin transcriptomes. Overall, 8,390 differentially expressed unigenes were identified between the chemotypes, including 2,467 upregulated and 5,923 downregulated unigenes. Furthermore, six and nine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mapped to the terpenoid backbone biosynthetic and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways, respectively. One key sesquiterpene synthase gene involved in the sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways, encoding patchoulol synthase variant 1, was significantly upregulated in NX. Additionally, GC-MS analysis of the two chemotypes in this study showed that the content of PA in NX was significantly higher than that of PX, while the content of PO showed the opposite phenotype. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the DEG expression tendency was consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. Overall, 23 AP2/ERF, 13 bHLH, 11 MYB, 11 NAC, three Trihelix, 10 WRKY and three bZIP genes that were differentially expressed may act as regulators of terpenoid biosynthesis. Altogether, 8,314 SSRs were recognized within 6,825 unigenes, with a distribution frequency of 18.32%, among which 1,202 unigenes contained more than one SSR. The transcriptomic characteristics of the two P. cablin chemotypes are comprehensively reported in this study, and these results will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of PA biosynthesis. Our transcriptome data also provide a valuable genetic resource for further studies on P. cablin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuping Yan
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhouchen Ye
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shijia Cao
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Guanglong Yao
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yougen Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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van Beek TA, Joulain D. The essential oil of patchouli,Pogostemon cablin: A review. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teris A. van Beek
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University; Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen; The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Joulain
- SCBZ Conseil, Les Micocouliers - F3; 99 avenue Sidi Brahim, 06130 Grasse; France
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