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Chai S, Jiang H, Yang Y, Pan X, Zou R, Tang J, Chen Z, Zeng D, Wei X. Photosynthetic physiological characteristics, growth performance, and element concentrations reveal the calcicole-calcifuge behaviors of three Camellia species. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220835. [PMID: 38585630 PMCID: PMC10997145 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We grew three yellow Camellia species (the calcifuge C. nitidissima and C. tunghinensis, and the calcicole C. pubipetala) in acidic and calcareous soils for 7 months and assessed their photosynthetic physiological characteristics, growth performance, and element concentrations in this developmental context. The calcifuge C. nitidissima and C. tunghinensis species exhibited poor growth with leaf chlorosis, growth stagnation, and root disintegration in calcareous soils, and with their P n, G s, T r, F v/F m, ΦPSII, ETR, qP, leaf Chla, Chlb, and Chl(a + b) concentrations, and root, stem, leaf, and total biomass being significantly lower when grown in calcareous soils relative to in acidic soils. In contrast, the calcicole C. pubipetala grew well in both acidic and calcareous soils, with few differences in the above parameters between these two soil substrates. The absorption and/or transportation of nutrient elements such as N, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe by the two calcifuge Camellia species plants grown in calcareous soils were restrained. Soil type plays a major role in the failure of the two calcifuge Camellia species to establish themselves in calcareous soils, whereas other factors such as competition and human activity are likely more important limiting factors in the reverse case. This study furthers our understanding of the factors influencing the distribution of these rare and endangered yellow Camellia species, allowing for improved management of these species in conservation projects and horticultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Chai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin541006, China
| | - Haidu Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin541006, China
| | - Yishan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin541006, China
| | - Xinfeng Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin541006, China
| | - Rong Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin541006, China
| | - Jianmin Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin541006, China
| | - Zongyou Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin541006, China
| | - Danjuan Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin541006, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin541006, China
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Sun Z, Bai C, Liu Y, Ma M, Zhang S, Liu H, Bai R, Han X, Yong JWH. Resilient and sustainable production of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in phosphorus-limited environment by using exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid to sustain photosynthesis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115388. [PMID: 37611478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Globally, many low to medium yielding peanut fields have the potential for further yield improvement. Low phosphorus (P) limitation is one of the significant factors curtailing Arachis hypogaea productivity in many regions. In order to demonstrate the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on peanuts growing under P deficiency, we used a pot-based experiment to examine the effects of exogenous GABA on alleviating P deficiency-induced physiological changes and growth inhibition in peanuts. The key physiological parameters examined were foliar gas exchange, photochemical efficiency, proton motive force, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase activity of peanuts under cultivation with low P (LP, 0.5 mM P) and control conditions. During low P, the cyclic electron flow (CEF) maintained the high proton gradient (∆pH) induced by low ATP synthetic activity. Applying GABA during low P conditions stimulated CEF and reduced the concomitant ROS generation and thereby protecting the foliar photosystem II (PSII) from photoinhibition. Specifically, GABA enhanced the rate of electronic transmission of PSII (ETRII) by pausing the photoprotection mechanisms including non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and ∆pH regulation. Thus, GABA was shown to be effective in restoring peanut growth when encountering P deficiency. Exogenous GABA alleviated two symptoms (increased root-shoot ratio and photoinhibition) of P-deficient peanuts. This is possibly the first report of using exogenous GABA to restore photosynthesis and growth under low P availability. Therefore, foliar applications of GABA could be a simple, safe and effective approach to overcome low yield imposed by limited P resources (low P in soils or P-fertilizers are unavailable) for sustainable peanut cultivation and especially in low to medium yielding fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Sun
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunming Bai
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yifei Liu
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Mingzhu Ma
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Bai
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaori Han
- College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast China Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Scientific Observation and Research Center for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
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Albornoz FE, Hayes PE, Orchard S, Clode PL, Nazeri NK, Standish RJ, Bending GD, Hilton S, Ryan MH. First Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy Images and X-Ray Microanalyses of Mucoromycotinian Fine Root Endophytes in Vascular Plants. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2018. [PMID: 33013744 PMCID: PMC7509483 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Arbuscule-producing fine root endophytes (FRE) (previously incorrectly Glomus tenue) were recently placed within subphylum Mucoromycotina; the first report of arbuscules outside subphylum Glomeromycotina. Here, we aimed to estimate nutrient concentrations in plant and fungal structures of FRE and to test the utility of cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryoSEM) for studying these fungi. METHODS We used replicated cryoSEM and X-ray microanalysis of heavily colonized roots of Trifolium subterraneum. RESULTS Intercellular hyphae and hyphae in developed arbuscules were consistently very thin; 1.35 ± 0.03 μm and 0.99 ± 0.03 μm in diameter, respectively (mean ± SE). Several intercellular hyphae were often adjacent to each other forming "hyphal ropes." Developed arbuscules showed higher phosphorus concentrations than senesced arbuscules and non-colonized structures. Senesced arbuscules showed greatly elevated concentrations of calcium and magnesium. CONCLUSION While uniformly thin hyphae and hyphal ropes are distinct features of FRE, the morphology of fully developed arbuscules, elevated phosphorus in fungal structures, and accumulation of calcium with loss of structural integrity in senesced arbuscules are similar to glomeromycotinian fungi. Thus, we provide evidence that FRE may respond to similar host-plant signals or that the host plant may employ a similar mechanism of association with FRE and AMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe E. Albornoz
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Patrick E. Hayes
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Suzanne Orchard
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peta L. Clode
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nazanin K. Nazeri
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rachel J. Standish
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Gary D. Bending
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Hilton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Megan H. Ryan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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