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Connor A, Deschamps A, Busque L, Tardif JC, Bourgoin V, Dubé MP, Busseuil D, D'Antono B. Childhood Maltreatment and Leukocyte Telomere Length: Cardiac Vagal Activity Influences the Relation in Older Adults. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:146-156. [PMID: 38345296 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood maltreatment is associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL). However, the influence of cardiac vagal control on this relation is unknown. We examined whether cardiac vagal control at rest and in response to stress moderates or cross-sectionally mediates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and LTL. METHODS Participants were 1179 men and women (aged 65 [7.2] years) suffering from coronary artery disease or non-cardiovascular chronic disease. They completed a childhood maltreatment questionnaire and underwent a stress protocol while electrocardiogram was monitored. High-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) measures were obtained at rest, during stress, and after stress in absolute and normalized units (nu). LTL was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Mediation and moderation analyses were performed. RESULT HF-HRV and HF-HRV in normalized units (HFnu) measures did not mediate the childhood maltreatment-LTL relation. However, baseline HFnu ( p = .027) and HFnu reactivity ( p = .051) moderated the relation. Specifically, maltreatment was associated with significantly lower LTL among those with baseline HFnu at ( b = -0.059, p = .003) or below the mean ( b = -0.103, p < .001), but not among those with higher baseline HFnu. It was also associated with significantly lower LTL among participants who showed either blunted ( b = -0.058, p = .004) or increased HFnu ( b = -0.099, p = .001) responses to stress but not in those with large decreases in HFnu. CONCLUSIONS Childhood maltreatment was associated with lower LTL in those who showed a distinct cardiac vagal profile at baseline and in response to stress. The mechanisms and implications remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Connor
- From the Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute (Connor, Tardif, Dubé, Busseuil, D'Antono); Psychology Department, Université de Montréal (Connor, D'Antono); Department of Anesthesiology (Deschamps), Montreal Heart Institute; and Research Center, Hematology Division (Bourgoin), Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal (Tardif, Dubé), Montreal, Canada
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Gentile C, Starnino L, Dupuis G, D'Antono B. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Older Adults at Risk for Coronary Artery Disease: A Pilot Randomized Trial. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:272-286. [PMID: 33719899 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1887421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stress influences metabolic activity and increases risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We sought to a) examine feasibility and acceptability of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in older adults at risk for CVD, and b) obtain preliminary data on its metabolic impact. METHODS A pilot RCT was conducted using a pre-post, 2-month follow-up design. Eighty-one individuals with metabolic syndrome and non-normative responses to stress in a previous investigation were invited. Participants were randomized (by sex and stress response) to a 9-week MBSR or a wait-list control group. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed and blood assayed. Between-subjects (MBSR vs waitlist control) ANOVAs on metabolic parameter change scores, and one-way repeated measures ANOVAs (pre-, post-, follow-up) were performed. RESULTS Thirty-three individuals (41%) responded to invitations, 26 were interested, of whom 19 were randomized (Mage = 67 years, SD = 7.70). Completion rate of MBSR was 72% and overall attendance was 96%. Reported benefits included increased relaxation, greater interpersonal connection, and increased body awareness. MBSR led to a decrease of 15% in LDL cholesterol and 10% in total cholesterol versus 4.5% and 1%, respectively, in the waitlist. Within group analyses showed notable decreases in LDL, triglycerides, and waist circumference post-MBSR and 2 months later. CONCLUSIONS A RCT was largely feasible and MBSR acceptable to participants. MBSR may lead to sustained decreases in cholesterol levels, warranting development of large-scale research on this topic. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Given the role of stress in CVD, addition of stress management interventions may serve as a useful complement to risk management among older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louisia Starnino
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Psychology Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilles Dupuis
- Psychology Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bianca D'Antono
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Meng Y, Chang L, Hou L, Zhou R. Menstrual attitude and social cognitive stress influence autonomic nervous system in women with premenstrual syndrome. Stress 2022; 25:87-96. [PMID: 35107391 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.2024163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is activated by stress and is closely related to the female menstrual cycle. Women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) have an imbalanced ANS response in their premenstrual period. However, no studies have explored the reasons for the differences in ANS response among women. In this study, we investigated how the female menstrual attitude and acute social stress influence the ANS response in women with PMS. First, 277 women [24.35 ± 2.1] were selected to measure the mediating role of women's menstrual attitude between PMS severity and perceived ANS response. Second, participants' (50 women [23.23 ± 1.25] with and 46 women [22.92 ± 2.00] without PMS) heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV; reflecting the functioning of ANS) under social stress were measured during various menstrual cycle phases. The results indicated that menstrual attitude (bothersome and predictable) had mediating effects between the degree of PMS and perceived ANS response; when undergoing a high cognitive load (e.g. mental-arithmetic) task, the ANS of the PMS group demonstrated hypo-arousal and delayed recovery in the late luteal phase; Therefore, menstrual attitude could influence female perceived ANS response, which may be a risk factor for PMS. When women with PMS experience high-strength cognitive pressure in the premenstrual period, their ANS showed hypo-arousal and delayed recovery, which may be another risk factor for PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Meng
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence Production Technology and Systems, Beijing, China
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4
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Scheffel C, Graupner ST, Gärtner A, Zerna J, Strobel A, Dörfel D. Effort beats effectiveness in emotion regulation choice: Differences between suppression and distancing in subjective and physiological measures. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13908. [PMID: 34310724 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) can be implemented by different strategies which differ in their capacity to alter emotional responding. What all strategies have in common is that cognitive control must be exercised in order to implement them. The aim of the present preregistered study was to investigate whether the two ER strategies, expressive suppression and distancing, require different amounts of cognitive effort and whether effort is associated with personality traits. Effort was assessed subjectively via ratings and objectively via pupillometry and heart period. In two studies, N = 110 and N = 52 healthy adults conducted an ER paradigm. Participants used suppression and distancing during inspection of positive and negative pictures. They also had the choice to reapply either of the strategies at the end of the paradigm. Although distancing was more effective in downregulation of subjective arousal (Study 1: p < .001, η p 2 = .20; Study 2: p < .001, η p 2 = .207), about two thirds reapplied suppression, because it was perceived as less effortful. Effort was rated significantly lower for suppression compared to distancing (Study 1: p = .042, η p 2 = .04; Study 2: p = .002, η p 2 = .13). However, differences in effort were not reflected in pupillary data or heart period. Broad and narrow personality traits were neither associated with the preferred strategy nor with subjective or physiological effort measures. Findings suggest that people tend to use the ER strategy that is perceived as less effortful, even though it might not be the most effective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Scheffel
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven-Thomas Graupner
- Engineering Psychology and Applied Cognitive Research, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Gärtner
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josephine Zerna
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Strobel
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denise Dörfel
- Differential and Personality Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Meng Y, Huang D, Hou L, Zhou R. Hypoactivation of autonomtic nervous system-related orbitofrontal and motor cortex during acute stress in women with premenstrual syndrome. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100357. [PMID: 34258334 PMCID: PMC8252112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Meng
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Dejian Huang
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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6
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Gentile C, Ditto B, Deschamps A, D'Antono B. Parasympathetic Response Patterns are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Among Older Women but Not Men. Ann Behav Med 2020; 53:515-526. [PMID: 30113625 PMCID: PMC6499413 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the role of physiological stress responses in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Purpose To examine whether patterns of autonomic response to psychological stress are associated with MetS and whether this association is moderated by sex Methods 1121 men and women (Mage = 65.3 ± 6.77 years) with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent an anger recall stressor task. Heart rate and heart-rate variability (HRV; HF, LF/HF) were assessed. Clusters of participants showing similar patterns of response across baseline, stress, and recovery periods were created using ACECLUS and FASTCLUS in SAS. Logistic regressions included clusters and interaction between clusters and sex as independent variables, controlling for relevant covariates. ANCOVAs were conducted in secondary analyses utilizing a continuous composite representation of MetS. Results Men and women showing greater tonic and phasic HR elevations were more likely to meet MetS criteria (OR = 1.45, [95% CI = 1.02–2.07], p = .037). HF-HRV cluster interacted significantly with sex (p < .001) to predict MetS. In women, those with significant parasympathetic withdrawal to stress and poor recovery were more likely to have MetS than women with a more moderate response (OR = 2.56, [95% CI = 1.23–5.41], p = .013). Women who displayed stress-related parasympathetic activation were also at greater risk of MetS (OR = 2.30, [95% CI = 1.30–4.07], p = .004). Results using a continuous measure of MetS were generally consistent with these findings. Conclusion Among older participants with CAD or other noncardiovascular disease, hyperreactivity to stress was associated with greater prevalence of MetS, particularly in women. Consistent with emerging literature, women who showed blunting or activation of parasympathetic responses to stress were similarly at greater risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gentile
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada Psychology Department, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Blaine Ditto
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alain Deschamps
- Chief, Department of Anesthesiology, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bianca D'Antono
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada Psychology Department, Université de Montréal, Canada
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Smith TW, Deits‐Lebehn C, Williams PG, Baucom BRW, Uchino BN. Toward a social psychophysiology of vagally mediated heart rate variability: Concepts and methods in self‐regulation, emotion, and interpersonal processes. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bert N. Uchino
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Utah Salt Lake City Utah
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Torres L, Reveles AK, Mata-Greve F, Schwartz S, Domenech Rodriguez MM. Reactions to Witnessing Ethnic Microaggressions: An Experimental Study. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2020.39.02.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Minimal research has examined how witnesses identify and respond to ethnic microaggressions including the role of colorblind racial attitudes. Method: University student participants (N = 401) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions in which they witnessed a research decoy experiencing an ethnic microaggression, an overt discriminatory interaction, or a neutral interaction (control). Results: The study findings showed that 46% of participants who witnessed an ethnic microaggression identified it as unfair or differential treatment compared to 84% of those who observed an overt form of discrimination. Multilevel model analyses revealed a 3-way interaction (time × experimental condition × colorblind racial attitudes) such that participants with low colorblind racial attitudes had significant increases in negative affect and systolic blood pressure after witnessing overt discrimination. Discussion: Key differences exist in the identification and responses associated with witnessing an ethnic microaggression compared to overt discrimination. Findings suggest that shifting colorblind racial attitudes may be a promising area of intervention to improve detection of ethnic microaggressions.
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Niermann HCM, Figner B, Tyborowska A, Cillessen AHN, Roelofs K. Investigation of the Stability of Human Freezing-Like Responses to Social Threat From Mid to Late Adolescence. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:97. [PMID: 29867396 PMCID: PMC5964744 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Freezing behavior, a commonly observed defensive stress response, shows relatively high stability over time in animals. Given the relevance of freezing for stress-coping and human psychopathology, it is relevant to know whether freezing behavior is also stable in humans, particularly during adolescence, when most affective symptoms develop. In a prospective longitudinal study, we investigated freezing-like behavior in response to social threat in 75 adolescents at age 14, repeated 3 years later at age 17. We used a well-established method combining electrocardiography (ECG; heart rate) and posturography (body sway) in response to emotional picture-viewing of angry, happy, and neutral faces. We hypothesized that individual differences in freezing-like behavior in response to social threat—operationalized by contrasting angry vs. neutral faces—would be relatively stable over time. Our results indeed showed relative stability between ages 14 and 17 in individual differences in freezing-like behavior in heart rate (r = 0.82), as well as in combined heart rate and body sway measures (r = 0.65). These effects were not specific for the angry vs. neutral contrast; they were also visible in other emotion contrasts. Exploratory analysis in males and females separately showed stability in body sway specifically for angry vs. neutral faces only in females. Together, these results suggest moderate to strong stability in human freezing-like behavior in response to social threat from mid to late adolescence (with exception for the body sway measure in males). This relative stability was not specific for threat-induction and may reflect a general stability that is particularly strong for heart rate. The fact that this relative stability was found over a relatively long time range of 3 years is promising for studies aiming to use freezing-like behavior as a marker for internalizing symptoms in adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C M Niermann
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bernd Figner
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anna Tyborowska
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Karin Roelofs
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Starnino L, Busque L, Tardif JC, D’Antono B. Psychological Profiles in the Prediction of Leukocyte Telomere Length in Healthy Individuals. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165482. [PMID: 27788238 PMCID: PMC5082938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shorter telomere length (TL) may signal premature cellular aging and increased risk for disease. While depression and psychosocial stress have been associated with shorter telomeres, other psychological risk factors for cardiovascular disease have received less attention. PURPOSE To evaluate the association between TL and psychological risk factors (symptoms of anxiety and depression, hostility and defensiveness traits) for heart disease, and to examine whether chronological age and sex moderate the associations observed. METHODS 132 healthy men and women (Mage = 45.34 years) completed the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory II, The Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale. Relative TL was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of total genomic DNA samples. A series of hierarchical linear regressions were performed controlling for pertinent covariates. RESULTS Shorter TL was observed among individuals high in defensiveness (β = -.221) and depressive symptoms (β = -.213), as well as in those with less hostility (β =.256) and anxiety (β =.220)(all Ps<.05). Psychological variables explained 19% of the variance over and above that explained by covariates (age, sex, exercise, alcohol consumption, systemic inflammation, and 24-hr mean arterial pressure). Age moderated the relation between TL and defensiveness (β =.179, p =.03). Sex did not influence any of the relations. CONCLUSIONS Telomere length is associated with psychological burden though the direction of effect differs depending on the psychological variables under study. Further research is needed to determine the reasons for and implications of these seemingly contradictory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisia Starnino
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lambert Busque
- Research Center, Hematology Division, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bianca D’Antono
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Girard D, Tardif JC, Boisclair Demarble J, D’Antono B. Trait Hostility and Acute Inflammatory Responses to Stress in the Laboratory. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156329. [PMID: 27270459 PMCID: PMC4894569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hostility has been associated with higher basal levels of inflammation. The present study evaluated the association of hostility with acute stress-induced changes in inflammatory activity. One hundred and ninety-nine healthy men and women, aged 19–64 years, were exposed to a stress protocol involving four interpersonal stressors. Participants completed the Cook-Medley Hostility questionnaire and provided two blood samples for the measurement of inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, Il-6, MPO, TNF-α, MCP-1, Il-8, Il-10, and Il-18), prior to and following exposure to a standardized stress protocol. In univariate analyses, hostility was associated with significantly higher TNF-α, but lower Il-8 and Il-18 values post-stress, though only Il-8 remained significant after controlling for baseline differences. In multivariate analyses, a significant Age by Hostility interaction emerged for Il-6, while sex moderated the relation between hostility and Il-10 reactivity. Following stress, hostility was associated with greater pro-inflammatory Il-6 activity among younger individuals and to decreased anti-inflammatory Il-10 activity in women. Future research is needed to replicate these findings and to evaluate their implication for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Girard
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Boisclair Demarble
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bianca D’Antono
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Heritability and Temporal Stability of Ambulatory Autonomic Stress Reactivity in Unstructured 24-Hour Recordings. Psychosom Med 2015; 77:870-81. [PMID: 26371521 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Measurements of ambulatory autonomic reactivity can help with our understanding of the long-term health consequences of exposure to psychosocial stress in real-life settings. METHODS In this study, unstructured 24-hour ambulatory recordings of cardiac parasympathetic and sympathetic control were obtained in 1288 twins and siblings, spanning both work time and leisure time. These data were used to define two ambulatory baseline (sleep, leisure) and four stress conditions (wake, work, work_sitting, work_peak) from which six ambulatory stress reactivity measures were derived. The use of twin families allowed for estimation of heritability and testing for the amplification of existing or emergence of new genetic variance during stress compared with baseline conditions. RESULTS Temporal stability of ambulatory reactivity was assessed in 62 participants and was moderate to high over a 3-year period (0.36 < r < 0.91). Depending on the definition of ambulatory reactivity used, significant heritability was found, ranging from 29% to 40% for heart rate, 34% to 47% for cardiac parasympathetic control (indexed as respiratory sinus arrhythmia), and 10% to 19% for cardiac sympathetic control (indexed as the preejection period). Heritability of ambulatory reactivity was largely due to newly emerging genetic variance during stress compared with periods of rest. Interestingly, reactivity to short standardized stressors was poorly correlated with the ambulatory reactivity measures implying poor laboratory-real-life correspondence. CONCLUSIONS Ambulatory autonomic reactivity extracted from an unstructured real-life setting shows reliable, stable, and heritable individual differences. Real-life situations uncover a new and different genetic variation compared with that seen in resting baseline conditions, including sleep.
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Gentile C, Dragomir AI, Solomon C, Nigam A, D’Antono B. Sex Differences in the Prediction of Metabolic Burden from Physiological Responses to Stress. Ann Behav Med 2014; 49:112-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s12160-014-9639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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