1
|
Lydon EA, Panfil HB, Yako S, Mudar RA. Behavioral and neural measures of semantic conflict monitoring: Findings from a novel picture-word interference task. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148900. [PMID: 38555981 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Conflict monitoring has been studied extensively using experimental paradigms that manipulate perceptual dimensions of stimuli and responses. The picture-word interference (PWI) task has historically been used to examine semantic conflict, but primarily for the purpose of examining lexical retrieval. In this study, we utilized two novel PWI tasks to assess conflict monitoring in the context of semantic conflict. Participants included nineteen young adults (14F, age = 20.79 ± 3.14) who completed two tasks: Animals and Objects. Task and conflict effects were assessed by examining behavioral (reaction time and accuracy) and neurophysiological (oscillations in theta, alpha, and beta band) measures. Results revealed conflict effects within both tasks, but the pattern of findings differed across the two semantic categories. Participants were slower to respond to unmatched versus matched trials on the Objects task only and were less accurate responding to matched versus unmatched trials in the Animals task only. We also observed task differences, with participants responding more accurately on conflict trials for Animals compared to Objects. Differences in neural oscillations were observed, including between-task differences in low beta oscillations and within-task differences in theta, alpha, and low beta. We also observed significant correlations between task performance and standard measures of cognitive control. This work provides new insights into conflict monitoring, highlighting the importance of examining conflict across different semantic categories, especially in the context of animacy. The findings serve as a benchmark to assess conflict monitoring using PWI tasks across populations of varying cognitive ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lydon
- Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Holly B Panfil
- Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Sharbel Yako
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Raksha A Mudar
- Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fuhrmeister P, Elbuy S, Bürki A. Are Faster Participants Always Faster? Assessing Reliability of Participants' Mean Response Speed in Picture Naming. J Cogn 2024; 7:12. [PMID: 38223223 PMCID: PMC10786007 DOI: 10.5334/joc.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies of language production often make use of picture naming tasks to investigate the cognitive processes involved in speaking, and many of these studies report a wide range of individual variability in how long speakers need to prepare the name of a picture. It has been assumed that this variability can be linked to inter-individual differences in cognitive skills or abilities (e.g., attention or working memory); therefore, several studies have tried to explain variability in language production tasks by correlating production measures with scores on cognitive tests. This approach, however, relies on the assumption that participants are reliable over time in their picture naming speed (i.e., that faster speakers are consistently fast). The current study explicitly tested this assumption by asking participants to complete a simple picture naming task twice with one to two weeks in between sessions. In one experiment, we show that picture naming speed has excellent within-task reliability and good test-retest reliability, at least when participants perform the same task in both sessions. In a second experiment with slight task variations across sessions (a speeded and non-speeded picture naming task), we replicated the high split-half reliability and found moderate consistency over tasks. These findings are as predicted under the assumption that the speed of initiating responses for speech production is an intrinsic property or capacity of an individual. We additionally discuss the consequences of these results for the statistical power of correlational designs.
Collapse
|
3
|
Encoding category-level and context-specific phonological information at different stages: An EEG study of Mandarin third-tone sandhi word production. Neuropsychologia 2022; 175:108367. [PMID: 36084698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pronunciation of words or morphemes may vary systematically in different phonological contexts, but it remains unclear how different levels of phonological information are encoded in speech production. In this study, we investigated the online planning process of Mandarin Tone 3 (T3) sandhi, a case of phonological alternation whereby a low-dipping tone (T3) changes to a Tone 2 (T2)-like rising tone when followed by another T3. To examine the time course of the encoding of the abstract category-level (underlying form) and context-specific phonological form (surface form) of T3, we conducted an electroencephalographic (EEG) study with a phonologically-primed picture naming task and examined the event-related potentials (ERPs) time-locked to the stimulus onset as well as speech response onset. The behavioral results showed that targets primed by T3 or T2 primes yielded shorter naming latencies than those primed by control primes. Importantly, the EEG data revealed that T3 primes elicited larger positive amplitude over broad frontocentral regions roughly in the 320-550 ms time window of stimulus-locked ERP and -500 to -400 ms time window of response-locked ERP, whereas T2 primes elicited larger negative amplitude over left frontocentral regions roughly in the -240 to -100 ms time window of response-locked ERP. These results indicate that the underlying and the surface form are encoded at different processing stages. The former presumably occurs in the earlier phonological encoding stage, while the latter probably occurs in the later phonetic encoding or motor preparation stage. The current study offers important implications for understanding the processing of phonological alternations and tonal encoding in Chinese word production.
Collapse
|
4
|
Gallo F, Bermudez-Margaretto B, Shtyrov Y, Abutalebi J, Kreiner H, Chitaya T, Petrova A, Myachykov A. First Language Attrition: What It Is, What It Isn't, and What It Can Be. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:686388. [PMID: 34557079 PMCID: PMC8452950 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.686388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims at clarifying the concept of first language attrition by tracing its limits, identifying its phenomenological and contextual constraints, discussing controversies associated with its definition, and suggesting potential directions for future research. We start by reviewing different definitions of attrition as well as associated inconsistencies. We then discuss the underlying mechanisms of first language attrition and review available evidence supporting different background hypotheses. Finally, we attempt to provide the groundwork to build a unified theoretical framework allowing for generalizable results. To this end, we suggest the deployment of a rigorous neuroscientific approach, in search of neural markers of first language attrition in different linguistic domains, putting forward hypothetical experimental ways to identify attrition's neural traces and formulating predictions for each of the proposed experimental paradigms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Gallo
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatriz Bermudez-Margaretto
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Shtyrov
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jubin Abutalebi
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Hamutal Kreiner
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Linguistic Cognition Laboratory, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
| | - Tamara Chitaya
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Petrova
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andriy Myachykov
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lorenz A, Zwitserlood P, Bürki A, Regel S, Ouyang G, Abdel Rahman R. Morphological facilitation and semantic interference in compound production: An ERP study. Cognition 2021; 209:104518. [PMID: 33545513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the production of nominal compounds (Experiment 1) and simple nouns (Experiment 2) in a picture-word interference (PWI) paradigm to test models of morpho-lexical representation and processing. The continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) was registered and event-related brain potentials [ERPs] were analyzed in addition to picture-naming latencies. Experiment 1 used morphologically and semantically related distractor words to tap into different pre-articulatory planning stages during compound production. Relative to unrelated distractors, naming was speeded when distractors corresponded to morphemes of the compound (sun or flower for the target sunflower), but slowed when distractors were from the same semantic category as the compound (tulip ➔ sunflower). Distractors from the same category as the compound's first constituent (moon ➔ sunflower) had no influence. The diverging effects for semantic and morphological distractors replicate results from earlier studies. ERPs revealed different effects of morphological and semantic distractors with an interesting time course: morphological effects had an earlier onset. Comparable to the naming latencies, no ERP effects were obtained for distractors from the same semantic category as the compound's first constituent. Experiment 2 investigated the effectiveness of the latter distractors, presenting them with pictures of the compounds' first constituents (e.g., moon ➔ sun). Interference was confirmed both behaviorally and in the ERPs, showing that the absence of an effect in Experiment 1 was not due to the materials used. Considering current models of speech production, the data are best explained by a cascading flow of activation throughout semantic, lexical and morpho-phonological steps of speech planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Lorenz
- Department of Psychology, Neurocognitive Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
| | - Pienie Zwitserlood
- Department of Psychology and Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Audrey Bürki
- Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefanie Regel
- Department of Psychology, Neurocognitive Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Guang Ouyang
- Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Rasha Abdel Rahman
- Department of Psychology, Neurocognitive Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Riès SK, Nadalet L, Mickelsen S, Mott M, Midgley KJ, Holcomb PJ, Emmorey K. Pre-output Language Monitoring in Sign Production. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:1079-1091. [PMID: 32027582 PMCID: PMC7234262 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A domain-general monitoring mechanism is proposed to be involved in overt speech monitoring. This mechanism is reflected in a medial frontal component, the error negativity (Ne), present in both errors and correct trials (Ne-like wave) but larger in errors than correct trials. In overt speech production, this negativity starts to rise before speech onset and is therefore associated with inner speech monitoring. Here, we investigate whether the same monitoring mechanism is involved in sign language production. Twenty deaf signers (American Sign Language [ASL] dominant) and 16 hearing signers (English dominant) participated in a picture-word interference paradigm in ASL. As in previous studies, ASL naming latencies were measured using the keyboard release time. EEG results revealed a medial frontal negativity peaking within 15 msec after keyboard release in the deaf signers. This negativity was larger in errors than correct trials, as previously observed in spoken language production. No clear negativity was present in the hearing signers. In addition, the slope of the Ne was correlated with ASL proficiency (measured by the ASL Sentence Repetition Task) across signers. Our results indicate that a similar medial frontal mechanism is engaged in preoutput language monitoring in sign and spoken language production. These results suggest that the monitoring mechanism reflected by the Ne/Ne-like wave is independent of output modality (i.e., spoken or signed) and likely monitors prearticulatory representations of language. Differences between groups may be linked to several factors including differences in language proficiency or more variable lexical access to motor programming latencies for hearing than deaf signers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Karen Emmorey
- San Diego State University
- University of California, San Diego
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ries SK, Piai V, Perry D, Griffin S, Jordan K, Henry R, Knight RT, Berger MS. Roles of ventral versus dorsal pathways in language production: An awake language mapping study. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2019; 191:17-27. [PMID: 30769167 PMCID: PMC6402581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human language is organized along two main processing streams connecting posterior temporal cortex and inferior frontal cortex in the left hemisphere, travelling dorsal and ventral to the Sylvian fissure. Some views propose a dorsal motor versus ventral semantic division. Others propose division by combinatorial mechanism, with the dorsal stream responsible for combining elements into a sequence and the ventral stream for forming semantic dependencies independent of sequential order. We acquired data from direct cortical stimulation in the left hemisphere in 17 neurosurgical patients and subcortical resection in a subset of 10 patients as part of awake language mapping. Two language tasks were employed: a sentence generation (SG) task tested the ability to form sequential and semantic dependencies, and a picture-word interference (PWI) task manipulated semantic interference. Results show increased error rates in the SG versus PWI task during subcortical testing in the dorsal stream territory, and high error rates in both tasks in the ventral stream territory. Connectivity maps derived from diffusion imaging and seeded in the tumor sites show that patients with more errors in the SG than in the PWI task had tumor locations associated with a dorsal stream connectivity pattern. Patients with the opposite pattern of results had tumor locations associated with a more ventral stream connectivity pattern. These findings provide initial evidence using fiber tract disruption with electrical stimulation that the dorsal pathways are critical for organizing words in a sequence necessary for sentence generation, and the ventral pathways are critical for processing semantic dependencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Ries
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, United States; Center for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, San Diego State University, United States; Joint Doctoral Program in Language and Communicative Disorders, San Diego State University and University of California San Diego, United States.
| | - V Piai
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Cognition, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Medical Psychology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - D Perry
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurological Surgery, United States
| | - S Griffin
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Psychology and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, United States
| | - K Jordan
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurology, United States; Joint Doctoral Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco and Berkeley, United States
| | - R Henry
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurology, United States
| | - R T Knight
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Psychology and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, United States
| | - M S Berger
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurological Surgery, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Krott A, Medaglia MT, Porcaro C. Early and Late Effects of Semantic Distractors on Electroencephalographic Responses During Overt Picture Naming. Front Psychol 2019; 10:696. [PMID: 30984085 PMCID: PMC6447652 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the nature of the interference effect of semantically related distractors in the picture-word interference paradigm, which has been claimed to be caused by either competition between lexical representations of target and distractor or by a late response exclusion mechanism that removes the distractor from a response buffer. EEG was recorded while participants overtly named pictures accompanied by categorically related versus unrelated written distractor words. In contrast to previous studies, stimuli were presented for only 250 ms to avoid any re-processing. ERP effects of relatedness were found around 290, 470, 540, and 660 ms post stimulus onset. In addition, related distractors led to an increase in midfrontal theta power, especially from about 440 to 540 ms, as well as to decreased high beta power between 40 and 110 ms and increased high beta power between 275 and 340 ms post stimulus onset. Response-locked analyses showed no differences in ERPs, however increased low and high beta power for related distractors in various time windows, most importantly a high beta power increase between -175 and -155 ms before speech onset. These results suggest that the semantic distractor effect is a combination of various effects and that the lexical competition account and the response exclusion account each capture a part, but not all aspects of the effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Krott
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Teresa Medaglia
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC) – National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Camillo Porcaro
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC) – National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- S. Anna Institute and Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), Crotone, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bürki A, Frossard J, Renaud O. Accounting for stimulus and participant effects in event-related potential analyses to increase the replicability of studies. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 309:218-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|