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Pasch L, Stefanovski D, Dobbie T, Lewis G, Turner RM. Factors affecting pregnancy rates in mares bred with cryopreserved semen. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 141:105167. [PMID: 39151810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Historically, 8 × 0.5 ml straws, containing approximately 800 million sperm and 250 million progressively motile sperm were provided as a single 'breeding dose' of cryopreserved stallion semen. With the use of deep horn artificial insemination, there is a trend to reduce the number of 0.5 ml straws sold as a breeding dose, sometimes down to as little as one straw. Our aims were to determine if the number of straws provided as a breeding dose, as well as other mare, stallion and management factors, have an impact on pregnancy outcome in mares inseminated with cryopreserved semen. Unexpectedly, we identified no effect of the number of 0.5 ml straws on pregnancy outcome. We also identified no difference in pregnancy outcome for those mares inseminated once post-ovulation compared to mares inseminated once pre- and once post- ovulation. Additionally, for mares inseminated once post-ovulation, we identified no benefit of breeding 0-3 hours post-ovulation vs. breeding 0-6 hours post-ovulation. Other factors not associated with pregnancy outcome included: whether an endometrial sample was obtained for bacteriologic culture, whether the endometrial sample produced bacterial growth, whether a mare developed fluid after breeding, whether a mare was treated for bacterial endometritis and/or uterine fluid, and post-thaw progressive sperm motility. These results suggest the existence of an effective industry self-selection process in which only semen from the most fertile stallions is marketed in these 'ultra-low' doses and that breeding mares within 3 hours post- ovulation provides no benefit to pregnancy outcome compared to breeding mares within 6 hours post-ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pasch
- Rhinebeck Equine, 26 Losee Lane, Rhinebeck, NY 12572
| | - D Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, 382 W. Street Rd, Kennett Square, PA 19348
| | - T Dobbie
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, 382 W. Street Rd, Kennett Square, PA 19348
| | - G Lewis
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, 382 W. Street Rd, Kennett Square, PA 19348
| | - R M Turner
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, 382 W. Street Rd, Kennett Square, PA 19348.
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Bugno-Poniewierska M, Kij-Mitka B, Podstawski Z, Długosz B, Lasek O, Mrowiec P, Tischner M. Characteristics of diluted-stored and post-thawed semen of Hutsul stallions. Acta Vet Hung 2021. [PMID: 34821577 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of frozen semen lowers the risk of disease transmission, eliminates geographical limitations and supports the implementation of genetic resource protection programs. However, due to the very rare use of frozen semen from Hutsul stallions, their genetic material is not secured in sperm banks, and very little information is available about their semen, including its suitability for cryopreservation, and sperm survival rates after thawing. The aim of this study was to analyse basic parameters such as sperm motility, vitality and morphology in diluted-stored and post-thawed Hutsul semen, using a CASA system. There were no differences in sperm motility (P = 0.3372) or morphology between the groups, although the progressive motility was higher in thawed semen (P = 0.0151), while the sperm vitality was higher in diluted-stored semen (P = 0.00517). This study demonstrates that semen from Hutsul horses is suitable for cryopreservation, thus supporting the creation of a sperm bank as a genetic reserve for representatives of this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bugno-Poniewierska
- 1 Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Kij-Mitka
- 1 Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zenon Podstawski
- 1 Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogusława Długosz
- 1 Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Olga Lasek
- 2 Department of Animal Nutrition, Biotechnology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Mrowiec
- 1 Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marian Tischner
- 1 Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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Cazales N, Estradé MJ, Pereyra F, Fiala-Rechsteiner SM, Mattos RC. Sperm transport and endometrial inflammatory response in mares after artificial insemination with cryopreserved spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2020; 158:180-187. [PMID: 32961353 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether the insemination site and dose with cryopreserved sperm of reproductively normal mares affect the sperm population in uterine tubes and the intensity of endometrial inflammatory response. Experimental subjects were estrous mares inseminated, in the mid-uterine body (Body) or the tip of the uterine horn (Tip), ipsilateral to the dominant follicle, with one 0.5 mL straw with 50 × 106 sperm (50) or with eight straws with 50 × 106 sperm/straw (400). Mares were slaughtered 2 h, 4 h and 12 h after artificial insemination (AI) and randomly assigned to following groups: Body 50 (n = 19) (2 h, 4 h or 12 h); Tip 50 (n = 29) (2 h, 4 h, or 12 h); Body 400 (n = 24) (2 h, 4 h, or 12 h); Tip 400 (n = 21) (2 h, 4 h, or 12 h). A Control group (n = 16) was not inseminated. After slaughter, uterine tubes were separated from uterus, and uteri and tubes flushed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). After flushing, an endometrial sample was collected from ipsilateral and contralateral horns and mid-uterus body for further histopathological examination. A sample of each uterine tube flushing was examined for sperm count, and a sample of each uterine flushing was used for polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) count. Data were analyzed using PROC GLM from SASv9.4. Insemination time, site, sperm dose, and their interactions were considered independent variables and sperm and PMNs numbers dependent variables. Deep horn insemination increased ipsilateral uterine tube sperm number without an increase in the inflammatory reaction compared with the uterine body insemination. The higher the insemination dose, the higher the uterine tubes' sperm number and inflammatory reaction, with a quicker resolution. In conclusion, the insemination site and dose affected sperm in the uterine tubes, while post-insemination time and dose influenced the inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Cazales
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay; Reprolab, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Bolsista CAPES/UDELAR, Brazil
| | - María José Estradé
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Pereyra
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Consuegra C, Crespo F, Dorado J, Diaz-Jimenez M, Pereira B, Ortiz I, Hidalgo M. Vitrification of stallion sperm using 0.25 ml straws: Effect of volume, concentration and carbohydrates (sucrose/trehalose/raffinose). Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 206:69-77. [PMID: 31138492 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sperm vitrification is a rapid freezing method in which carbohydrates are used as cryoprotectants. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal volume, concentration and type of carbohydrates for stallion sperm vitrification using 0.25 ml straws in comparison to conventional freezing. Ejaculates (n = 54) were collected from six stallions. For vitrification, straws were filled with different volumes (30, 70, 100 μl), sperm concentrations (50, 100, 200 × 106 sperm/ml) and extenders containing sucrose (20, 100, 200 mM), trehalose (50, 100, 200 mM) and raffinose (50, 100, 200 mM) and plunged into LN2. Conventional freezing was performed in 0.5 ml straws frozen in LN2 vapors. Sperm motility, plasma and acrosome membrane integrities and DNA fragmentation were compared among treatments. The use of straws filled with 100 μl at 100 × 106 sperm/ml with the extender containing 100 mM trehalose resulted in greater values for sperm quality than the other concentrations, volumes and carbohydrates. With vitrification, there were greater values (mean ± SEM; P < 0.05) than freezing for progressive motility (48.2 ± 2.3 compared with 37.3 ± 2.2%), plasma membrane integrity (82.8 ± 1.5 compared with 74.1 ± 1.9%), and intact acrosomes (50.2 ± 1.2 compared with 43.1 ± 1.4%); and less DNA fragmentation (6.4 ± 0.7 compared with 8.2 ± 0.3%). In conclusion, stallion sperm can be vitrified in 0.25 ml straws filled with 100 μl of sperm at 100 x 106 sperm/ml using an extender with 100 mM of trehalose, obtaining better sperm quality after warming than conventional freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Consuegra
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - F Crespo
- Department of Reproduction, Centro Militar de Cría Caballar (CCFAS-Ministry of Defense), Ávila, Spain
| | - J Dorado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Diaz-Jimenez
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - B Pereira
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - I Ortiz
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
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Shojaeian K, Nouri H, Kohram H. Does MnTBAP ameliorate DNA fragmentation and in vivo fertility of frozen-thawed Arabian stallion sperm? Theriogenology 2018; 108:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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London KT, Christensen BW, Scott CJ, Klooster K, Kass PH, Dujovne GA, Meyers SA. The Effects of an Oxygen Scavenger and Coconut Water on Equine Sperm Cryopreservation. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Sperm Mitochondrial Function is Affected by Stallion Age and Predicts Post-Thaw Motility. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Guasti PN, Monteiro GA, Maziero RRD, Carmo MT, Dell'Aqua JA, Crespilho AM, Rifai EA, Papa FO. Pentoxifylline effects on capacitation and fertility of stallion epididymal sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 179:27-34. [PMID: 28238445 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determinate whether pentoxifylline (PTX) increases the motion parameters of fresh and frozen-thawed equine epididymal spermatozoa, to evaluate the tyrosine phosphorylation of frozen-thawed epididymal sperm in the presence of PTX and to determine whether the PTX-treatment of stallion epididymal sperm prior to freezing improves the fertility response of mares to a reduced number of spermatozoa per insemination dose. Fifty epididymis were flushed with a skim milk based extender with or without PTX. The pre-treatment with PTX enhanced the sperm motility after being harvested (P<0.05); however the freeze-thaw process did not alter the sperm kinematics between control and treated samples (P>0.05). Plasma membrane integrity did not differ between control and PTX group after recovery and after thawing (P>0.05), as observed in tyrosine phosphorylation, which the PTX treatment did not alter the percentage of tail-associated immunofluorescence of cryopreserved epididymal sperm (P>0.05). For the fertility trial, different insemination groups were tested: 800×106 epididymal sperm (C800); 100×106 epididymal sperm (C100); 100×106 epididymal sperm recovered in an extender containing PTX (PTX100). The conception rates for C800; C100 and PTX100 were 68.7% (11/16); 31.5% (5/16) and 50% (8/16), respectively. The conception rate did not differ among groups (P>0.05), however, a low number of animals was used in this study. A trend toward significance (P=0.07) was observed between C800 and C100 groups. In conclusion, PTX has no deleterious effect on sperm motility, viability and capacitation of cryopreserved stallion epididymal sperm. The conventional artificial insemination with 100×106 sperm recovered with PTX ensures acceptable conception rates and maximize the limited number of doses of cryopreserved stallion epididymal sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Guasti
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil.
| | - G A Monteiro
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - R R D Maziero
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - M T Carmo
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - J A Dell'Aqua
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - E A Rifai
- Division of Molecular & Computational Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F O Papa
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
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Sielhorst J, Hagen C, Behrendt D, Schuette B, Burger D, Martinsson G, Sieme H. Effect of Multiple Freezing of Stallion Semen on Sperm Quality and Fertility. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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