1
|
Romagnoli S, Krekeler N, de Cramer K, Kutzler M, McCarthy R, Schaefer-Somi S. WSAVA guidelines for the control of reproduction in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract 2024; 65:424-559. [PMID: 38804079 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- S Romagnoli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Viale dell'Università 16, University of Padova, Legnaro, 35020, Italy
| | - N Krekeler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K de Cramer
- Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Kutzler
- Dept of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, 112 Withycombe Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - R McCarthy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536, United States
| | - S Schaefer-Somi
- Center for Reproduction, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kazmierczak J, Sugai NJ, Withowski KE, Jonatan A, LeRoith T, Cecere JT. Case report: A case of oviductal and uterine leiomyosarcoma in an 11-year-old dog. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1227799. [PMID: 38130438 PMCID: PMC10733494 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1227799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An 11-year-old, intact female Pomeranian dog was presented for evaluation due to an 18-h history of anorexia and lethargy. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a 3×3 cm mass of mixed echogenicity at the level of the left ovary. At laparotomy, a 5 mm mass was identified at the cranial region of the right uterine horn and a 3 cm round mass was visualized near the cranial aspect of the left uterine horn. Ovariohysterectomy was performed. A diagnosis of grade 1 oviductal and uterine leiomyosarcoma was made via histopathology for both masses. Oviductal leiomyosarcomas are rare and generally locally invasive similar to other soft tissue sarcomas but do not often metastasize. Uterine leiomyosarcomas are also uncommon but are one of the more common tumors affecting the female reproductive tract. This is the only known case report of oviductal leiomyosarcoma in the dog and the only report of uterine leiomyosarcoma in addition to oviductal leiomyosarcoma as well. This case illustrates the oviduct as an additional site that can be affected by leiomyosarcoma and demonstrates surgery as a treatment option for patients diagnosed with this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Kazmierczak
- DVM Candidate 2023 Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Nicole J. Sugai
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Katie E. Withowski
- Locum Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Abe Jonatan
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Julie T. Cecere
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Troisi A, Orlandi R, Vallesi E, Pastore S, Sforna M, Quartuccio M, Zappone V, Cristarella S, Polisca A. Clinical and ultrasonographic findings of ovarian tumours in bitches: A retrospective study. Theriogenology 2023; 210:227-233. [PMID: 37540955 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
A retrospective study was carried out to investigate incidence, clinical signs and ultrasonographic findings of ovarian tumours in a population of dogs referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia (Italy) and Anicura Tyrus Veterinary Clinic (Terni, Italy). The period of study ranged from January 2005 to December 2021. A total of 1910 dogs were affected by neoplasia but only 35 of them (1.8%), of different breeds and ages, were found to have ovarian tumours. Ultrasound of the ovaries was performed based on clinical signs; the diagnosis was achieved after ultrasound findings prompted ovariohysterectomy and ovarian pathologic evaluation In our study, the age of bitches affected by ovarian neoplasia ranged from 3 to 20 years (mean 9.6 ± 3.8). The histopathological findings of ovarian masses identified 16 granulosa cell tumours (GCT) (46%), 7 adenomas (20%), 5 adenocarcinomas (14%), 2 teratomas (6%), 1 leiomyoma (3%), 1 luteoma (3%), 1 tecoma (3%), 1 dysgerminoma (3%), and 1 haemangiosarcoma (3%). In particular, with respect to clinical signs, 69% of bitches showed abnormalities of estrus cycle (short interestral interval, persistent estrus, prolonged interestral interval). The other main clinical signs included abdominal distention, palpable abdominal mass, vulvovaginal discharge, polyuria/polydipsia, mammary masses. When present, the laboratory abnormalities were slight anemia and leucocytosis with neutrophilia. The tumours were ultrasonographically classified as mainly solid: 12/35 (34%) (1 adenoma, 4 adenocarcinomas, 1 dysgerminoma, 1 haemangiosarcoma, 1 leyomioma, 1 luteoma, 1 GCT, 1 tecoma, 1 teratoma); solid with cystic component 13/35 (37%) (9 GCT, 2 Adenomas, 1 adenocarcinoma, 1 teratoma); and mainly cystic 10/35 (29%) (6 GCTs, 4 adenomas). In our study, the ultrasound examination allowed us to suspect ovarian neoplasia in asymptomatic subjects referred for breeding management or for preventive health check. On the basis of our data, we proposed to perform a complete periodic examination of the reproductive system once a year from 6 years. Nevertheless, the presence of ovarian neoplasms found in young subjects, during breeding management, suggest including routine ultrasound examination of the reproductive tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Troisi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Macerata, Italy
| | - R Orlandi
- Anicura Tyrus Clinica Veterinaria, Via Bartocci 1G, 05100, Terni, Italy
| | - E Vallesi
- Anicura CMV Clinica Veterinaria, Via G.B. Aguggiari 162, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - S Pastore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - M Sforna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Quartuccio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - V Zappone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - S Cristarella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - A Polisca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aupperle-Lellbach H, Grassinger JM, Floren A, Törner K, Beitzinger C, Loesenbeck G, Müller T. Tumour Incidence in Dogs in Germany: a Retrospective Analysis of 109,616 Histopathological Diagnoses (2014-2019). J Comp Pathol 2022; 198:33-55. [PMID: 36116890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of a tumour entity is based on the precise histopathological diagnosis taking into account the signalment of the diseased animal. The present study is a comprehensive, up-to-date statistical investigation on the type, frequency and breed distribution of neoplasia in dogs in Germany. The histopathological datasets of 109,616 German canine tissue samples (2014-2019) were processed and statistically examined in retrospect. Non-neoplastic diseases were found in 38,650 samples (35.3%) and 70,966 neoplasms (64.7%) were diagnosed. The most common neoplasms were mammary tumours (21.9%), benign epithelial skin tumours (15.4%), mast cell tumour (9.7%), histiocytoma (7.0%), soft tissue sarcoma (5.8%), lipoma (5.8%), melanocytic tumours (5.2%) and odontogenic tumours (4.7%). In general, Beagles, Magyar Vizslas, Boxers, Schnauzers, Spaniels, French Bulldogs and Golden Retrievers had an increased risk of neoplasia (odds ratio 1.17-1.46; all: P ≤0.001) compared with crossbreed dogs. In particular, Boxers, Golden Retrievers, Rottweilers and Schnauzers were often affected by malignant neoplasms, whereas some breeds (eg, West Highland White Terrier, Magyar Vizsla, Chihuahua, Dachshund and Yorkshire Terrier) were frequently affected by numerous benign tumour types. Despite the known risk of haemangiosarcoma in German Shepherd Dogs, other malignant tumours were rare in this breed. Depending on the type of tumour, some purebred dog breeds can have an increased, reduced or identical risk for certain neoplasms compared with crossbreeds. Discussion of breed predispositions to tumour diseases must therefore be conducted critically and with a view to clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas Floren
- Institut für Bioinformatik, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany; Institut für Tierökologie und Tropenbiologie, Lehrstuhl für Zoologie III (Tierökologie), Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Tobias Müller
- Institut für Bioinformatik, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Trends in Small Animal Reproduction: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030336. [PMID: 35158661 PMCID: PMC8833461 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Reproduction in small animals is an expanding research area, with focus on breeding improvement and clinical management of domestic carnivores. The aim of the present study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature of the last decade on small animal reproduction, to point out main sources, most prolific countries, and emerging and neglected topics. Results show that research in biotechnologies for assisted reproduction has a central and increasing role in this field. Diversity in author keywords was also pointed out and a consensus to better categorize research in this field is proposed to reduce this problem in the future. Abstract Small animal reproduction (SAR) is a main research field in veterinary medicine and bibliometric analyses are useful to investigate trends in specific research areas. The objective of the present study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature of the last decade on SAR. A search equation was created, and documents were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Documents were manually revised, categorized and R software version 4.1.2 with Bibliometrix R package version 3.1 and MS Excel were used to perform the analyses. The included documents (n = 1470) were mainly research articles (78%). The top countries for the number of documents and citations were Brazil, United States, Italy, Poland, and Korea. These also account for the most prolific authors and institutions. Analyses by author keywords, categories, and recent reviews of the literature suggest that research on the canine species is more abundant than research on the feline one and that reproductive biotechnologies are a main research focus. Some clinical topics are still considered niche or neglected themes (e.g., semen collection in tomcats, neonatology). However, heterogeneity and ambiguity in keywords and categories are undeniable. This study offers interesting insights, providing definitions for main keywords in the field of SAR.
Collapse
|
6
|
Concepts in Sterilization. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2022; 52:419-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
7
|
Woszczyło M, Szumny A, Łyczko J, Jezierski T, Krzemińska P, Szczerbal I, Świtoński M, Niżański W, Dzięcioł M. The Case of Atypical Sexual Attractiveness in a Male Domestic Dog-A Case Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3156. [PMID: 34827888 PMCID: PMC8614462 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the ovarian cycle in domestic dogs, females do not accept males during the first days of estrus but become attractive to males from the beginning of proestrus, with this attractiveness persisting until the end of the estrus phase. It is believed that increased estradiol is responsible for the female attractiveness to the males. In this paper we describe the case of strong, but atypical attractiveness of a castrated male to various, adult, intact males, influenced by the emitted semiochemical signals. Any significant changes in the level of hormones typically involved in the process connected with estrus and responsible for sexual arousal in the males were assessed. The case animal was a 4 year old castrated male Border Collie that was extremely attractive to various males, which presented high levels of sexual arousal, with intensive sniffing and licking of the preputial area, specific vocalization, increased salivation and, finally, mating attempts. Clinical examination of the castrated male revealed a lack of testes in the scrotum and abdominal cavity confirmed by USG. Laboratory tests indicated basal levels of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone (15.23 pg/mL, <0.05 ng/mL, 0.25 ng/mL), and sex was confirmed via cytogenetic and molecular analysis. Chemical analysis (HS-SPME) of the urine indicated a huge similarity to the profile obtained from a bitch in estrus, with an elevated level of acetophenone, which has been previously postulated in the literature as being a characteristic of the estrus phase in female domestic dogs. This case presented very atypical sexual attractiveness, particularly when taking into account the basal levels of hormones which, according to current knowledge, are responsible for the creation of attractiveness. As a hypothesis requiring verification, we propose the idea of involvement of other hormones in the creation of incidental attractiveness or increased production of compounds responsible for attractiveness (sex pheromones) resulting from metabolic events unrelated to reproductive processes. To our knowledge it is the first described case presenting this phenomenon, which, with more detailed study, could shed new light on the process of creation of sexual attraction in the domestic dog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Woszczyło
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 49, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (M.W.); (W.N.)
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.S.); (J.Ł.)
| | - Jacek Łyczko
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.S.); (J.Ł.)
| | - Tadeusz Jezierski
- Department of Animal Behaviour and Welfare, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland;
| | - Paulina Krzemińska
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (P.K.); (I.S.); (M.Ś.)
| | - Izabela Szczerbal
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (P.K.); (I.S.); (M.Ś.)
| | - Marek Świtoński
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (P.K.); (I.S.); (M.Ś.)
| | - Wojciech Niżański
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 49, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (M.W.); (W.N.)
| | - Michał Dzięcioł
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 49, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (M.W.); (W.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Focused Ultrasound of the Fetus, Female and Male Reproductive Tracts, Pregnancy, and Dystocia in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2021; 51:1249-1265. [PMID: 34535336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Add "in dogs and cats"? This article covers image acquisition of the fetus and the reproductive organs of the female (cervix, gravid and nongravid uterus, and ovaries) and male (testicles and prostate) reproductive tracts. This article is a brief overview of normal sonographic anatomy and important clinical conditions for each sex using point-of-care ultrasound as a screening test. In addition to normal sonographic appearance and common conditions of the scrotum and testes, prostate, uterus, and ovaries, this article discusses the use of ultrasound for diagnosis of and evaluating pregnancy, fetal maturation, and fetal stress during dystocia.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sp B, J P, Mp K, Im R. Long-term effect of repeated deslorelin acetate treatment in bitches for reproduction control. Theriogenology 2021; 173:73-82. [PMID: 34339906 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs, which are approved for male dogs and ferrets, have been used off-label to suppress estrus in bitches predisposed to the side effects of spaying. Health data from the past 12 years were evaluated from bitches without progestogen pretreatment that received deslorelin acetate (DA) to suppress estrus for the first time before the age of 4.5 years. The study population included 32 client-owned bitches repeatedly treated with either 4.7 mg or 9.4 mg DA implants for a period of 5.3 ± 3.4 years (range 0.5-11.3 years). Follow-up information concerning immediate side effects of DA occurring within five months after the first DA treatment (n = 23) as well as long-term side effects of sustained gonadal suppression occurring after five months up to three years (n = 2), three years up to five years (n = 2) or more than five years (n = 8) were assessed through a questionnaire. Treatment was considered successful if no major side effects requiring medical treatment occurred, which applied to 26 out of 32 (81 %) bitches. In the six remaining bitches, the following major side effects led to treatment discontinuation: persistent urinary incontinence (n = 1), reoccurring induced heat (n = 1), uterine disease (n = 3) and/or ovarian tumor (n = 3). The bitches recovered completely after surgical spaying and/or DA implant removal. Minor side effects that did not require therapy or affect animal welfare included body weight changes (n = 18), subtle behavioral changes (n = 13), induced heat (n = 12), coat changes (n = 11), pseudocyesis (n = 6), transient urinary incontinence (n = 4), and/or temporary thickening of the uterine wall with little anechogenic content (n = 2). To examine a possible causal relationship between adverse side effects and DA treatment, further studies should compare the frequency of pathologies between groups of GnRH-treated, intact and spayed bitches of similar breeds and ages. Nevertheless, DA application before the age of 4.5 years may be a means of postponing surgical spaying for several years in breeds at high risk for developing urinary incontinence. Before DA is used in bitches, owners should be fully informed regarding possible side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brändli Sp
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Palm J
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kowalewski Mp
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reichler Im
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ushio N, Chambers JK, Watanabe K, Kayano M, Uchida K. Age-Related Arteriolar Changes With Lipid and Amyloid Deposits in the Gonads of Dogs. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:558-567. [PMID: 33686886 DOI: 10.1177/0300985821996670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arteriolar lesions with lipid and/or amyloid deposits are frequently detected in canine gonads by routine histopathologic examination; however, they have never been examined in detail. In the present study, a total of 139 testes/epididymides and 200 ovaries from 72 male (4 months to 14 years old) and 105 female (7 months to 16 years old) dogs were examined for arteriolar lesions. Arteriolar lesions were detected in 21 of 72 male dogs (29%) and 54 of 105 female dogs (51%). These lesions were histologically classified into 4 types: "fibromuscular hypertrophy," characterized by thickening of the tunica intima; "focal vasculitis," characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration; "vacuolar change," consisting of lipid accumulation and infiltration of foamy cells; and "hyalinosis," characterized by irregular thickening with amyloid deposits. In the lesions of vacuolar change and hyalinosis, lipid deposition and infiltration of α-SMA-positive cells and Iba-1-positive cells were also observed. Foamy cells and amyloid deposits were immunopositive for apolipoproteins and oxidized low-density lipoprotein-related proteins. These results indicate that vacuolar change is possibly an early stage of atherosclerosis, and that amyloid may deposit as a consequence of the microenvironment associated with atherogenesis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that arteriolar lesions with lipid deposits were associated with age and interstitial cell tumors in male dogs, and with age in female dogs. Aging is likely an important risk factor of arteriolar lesions with lipid deposits of the canine gonads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenichi Watanabe
- 52746Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Kayano
- 52746Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sasidharan JK, Patra MK, Singh LK, Saxena AC, De UK, Singh V, Mathesh K, Kumar H, Krishnaswamy N. Ovarian Cysts in the Bitch: An Update. Top Companion Anim Med 2021; 43:100511. [PMID: 33434678 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Functional ovarian cysts occur as solitary or multiple fluid-filled structures of variable size that are unilateral or bilateral in the bitches of age 6-8 years. Though the pathogenesis is obscure, insufficient LH surge, intrafollicular changes in gonadotrophin receptors and growth factors are the possible reasons behind the occurrence of hormonally active ovarian cysts that predisposes the bitch to the development of cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex and occasionally hyper estrogenism. In the presence of suggestive signs, ultrasonography is the practical imaging modality for the clinical diagnosis that can be confirmed by assay of ovarian steroids and histopathology. Medical management with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues and human chorionic gonadotrophin is not preferred as they are not always successful. As uterine pathologies are highly likely by the time of diagnosis, ovariohysterectomy is the treatment of choice for the follicular and luteal cysts. Understanding the cellular and molecular changes in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal ovarian axis will improve our understanding on the canine ovarian cysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisna K Sasidharan
- Immunoreproduction Laboratory, Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., India
| | - Manas K Patra
- Immunoreproduction Laboratory, Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., India.
| | - Laishram Kipjen Singh
- Animal Reproduction Gynaecology and Obstetrics Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Abhishek C Saxena
- Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., India
| | - Ujjwal K De
- Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., India
| | - Vidya Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., India
| | - Karikalan Mathesh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., India
| | - Harendra Kumar
- Immunoreproduction Laboratory, Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., India
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Verpaalen VD, Case JB, Dark MJ, Cardenas-Goicoechea SJ, Winter MD, Boston SE, Garcia-Pereira F, Rhoton-Vlasak AS, Toskich BB. Feasibility and efficacy of ultrasonographic and laparoscopic guidance for microwave ablation of clinically normal canine ovaries. Am J Vet Res 2020; 81:747-754. [PMID: 33112170 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.81.9.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal energy profile for and to assess the feasibility and efficacy of ultrasonographic and laparoscopic guidance for microwave ablation (MWA) of clinically normal canine ovaries. SAMPLE 44 extirpated ovaries from 22 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES In the first of 2 trials, 13 dogs underwent oophorectomy by routine laparotomy. Extirpated ovaries underwent MWA at 45 W for 60 (n = 11) or 90 (12) seconds; 3 ovaries did not undergo MWA and served as histologic controls. Ovaries were histologically evaluated for cell viability. Ovaries without viable cells were categorized as completely ablated. Histologic results were used to identify the optimal MWA protocol for use in the subsequent trial. In the second trial, the ovaries of 9 dogs underwent MWA at 45 W for 90 seconds in situ. Ultrasonographic guidance for MWA was deemed unfeasible after evaluation of 1 ovary. The remaining 17 ovaries underwent MWA with laparoscopic guidance, after which routine laparoscopic oophorectomy was performed. Completeness of ablation was histologically assessed for all ovaries. RESULTS 2 ovaries were excluded from the trial 1 analysis because of equivocal cell viability. Six of 11 ovaries and 10 of 10 ovaries that underwent MWA for 60 and 90 seconds, respectively, were completely ablated. In trial 2, laparoscopic-guided MWA resulted in complete ablation for 12 of 17 ovaries. Dissection of the ovarian bursa for MWA probe placement facilitated complete ablation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Laparoscopic-guided MWA at 45 W for 90 seconds was feasible, safe, and effective for complete ablation of clinically normal ovaries in dogs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Fontbonne A. Small animal reproduction: Scientific facts versus dogmas or unverified beliefs. Theriogenology 2020; 150:464-470. [PMID: 32284211 PMCID: PMC7102635 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small Animal Reproduction is a rather recent topic in the field of Animal Reproduction. Although some continuing educational societies aim to improve the level of general knowledge, published scientific facts are still limited, and there are many hypotheses or affirmations that remain unverified or even sometimes dogmatic or empirical. Through examples, this article reviews the main causes that may sometimes challenge a veterinary practitioner faced with a dog or a cat presenting reproductive problems. It could be difficult to orientate the diagnosis or the therapeutic approach, not knowing if what is found in the literature is a scientific proof or just an unverified affirmation. This problem may result from the fact that there are still physiological processes that remain unclear, but also that some common beliefs are based on old studies that have not been repeated or verifiedIn addition, to make it more challenging to seek for the information, there are unverifiedaffirmations,unclear nomenclature, clinical conditions which have not been standardized in the literature, clinical conditions mostly described through case reports, lack of studies on specific topics, areas of small animal reproduction that have been neglected by researchers, contradictory data or even studies that lack objectivity. The growing interest for research in Small Animal Reproduction will probably reduce the gap between unverified beliefs and scientific facts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Fontbonne
- Unité de Médecine de l'Elevage et du Sport, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Riege L, Haimerl P, Arlt SP. Improving decision-making in complicated or rare cases-An approach towards Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine in small animal reproduction. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55 Suppl 2:49-54. [PMID: 32090407 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The concepts of Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine (EBVM) provide a methodological and systematic approach to include the best evidence from research into clinical decision-making. These concepts include steps as the search and assessment of relevant research findings and consideration of individual aspects. In addition, owners and other persons involved in animal health care should be included in shared decision-making. Some breeders have good basic knowledge concerning breeding management and characteristics of diseases and concerning advantages and disadvantages of different therapeutic approaches, while others are notable to understand complex medical interrelations or emergency situations. All these aspects need to be addressed when communicating and discussing different diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic options. In special fields, such as small animal reproduction, veterinarians often see animals with rare diseases or complex conditions so that an application of standard therapies and well-established textbook recommendations is not possible. To learn more about cases too rare for successful systematic research, the case collection tool REPROCASES (www.evssar.org/reprocases) is now available. The aim of this project is to gather information from specialists on small animal reproduction in a multicentre approach. If you see rare or not well-investigated cases such as cystic ovarian diseases, cryptorchidism or others, you are more than welcome to share your findings via the database. Even if this approach cannot completely replace standardized clinical trials, the idea is to gather more information on effects, prognosis, side effects and long-term fertility for specific conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Riege
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peggy Haimerl
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Arlt
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oviedo-Peñata CA, Hincapie L, Riaño-Benavides C, Maldonado-Estrada JG. Concomitant Presence of Ovarian Tumors (Teratoma and Granulosa Cell Tumor), and Pyometra in an English Bulldog Female Dog: A Case Report. Front Vet Sci 2020; 6:500. [PMID: 31993447 PMCID: PMC6971094 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The diagnosis of ovarian tumors in dogs is usually complicated because the clinical signs can be very discrete and can be easily confused with other diseases. There are few reports of ovarian tumors with different cellular characteristics in the same dog. Our objective was to describe an unusual case of the concomitant presence of ovarian teratoma and granulosa cell tumors in a female dog presenting symptoms compatible with pyometra at clinical consultation. Clinical history: A non-spayed 6-years-old female English Bulldog was attended at the consultation, with no history of previous steroid hormonal treatment. The dog had presented regular estrus every 6 months; 3 months elapsed between the last estrus and consultation. The dog had presented vulvar discharge for more than 2 weeks. Clinical and laboratory findings: the patient presented a slightly pale oral mucosa, decay, vulvar edema, and mucous-purulent uterine discharge. The ultrasound examination revealed the presence of neoformations in the ovaries, and evidence of cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra in the uterus. Treatment: We performed a ventral ovariohysterectomy. During the surgical procedure, it was found several masses in the left and right ovaries, exhibiting characteristics of other tissues different from ovarian tissue. All samples were sent for histopathological examination. The diagnosis was a granulosa cell tumor in the left ovary and a well-differentiated teratoma in the right ovary. Conclusion: Practitioners must improve the use of diagnostic tools when attending non-spayed dogs at advanced ages (more than 6 years old), which would probably be at high risk of suffering from undetected ovarian tumors, some of them with malignancy behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Oviedo-Peñata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of Cordoba, Monteria, Colombia.,Surgery and Theriogenology Branch OHVRI-Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Luis Hincapie
- Surgery and Theriogenology Branch OHVRI-Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Carlos Riaño-Benavides
- Surgery and Theriogenology Branch OHVRI-Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Juan G Maldonado-Estrada
- Surgery and Theriogenology Branch OHVRI-Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jones SA, Owens SL, Birchard SJ. Hyperandrogenism associated with an ovarian remnant in a spayed female cat. JFMS Open Rep 2019; 5:2055116919885698. [PMID: 31763051 PMCID: PMC6856978 DOI: 10.1177/2055116919885698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary An 11-year-old female, reportedly spayed, domestic shorthair cat was examined for a 4-month history of weight loss, aggression, urine spraying, malodorous urine and estrus-like behavior. Physical examination revealed thickened skin, a mildly prominent vulva and confirmed malodorous urine. On abdominal ultrasonography, a 6 mm hypoechoic nodule was found in the left cranial abdomen. An adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test with adrenal panel revealed elevated serum concentrations of androstenedione and testosterone pre- and post-cosyntropin stimulation, mildly decreased cortisol pre- and post-cosyntropin stimulation, and decreased resting aldosterone. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and a cystic, nodular mass was found in the region of the left ovary. The mass was surgically removed and submitted for histopathology; results were conclusive for an ovarian remnant with an intact corpus luteum and non-neoplastic parovarian cysts. Previously observed clinical signs resolved within two weeks of ovariectomy. A follow-up ACTH stimulation test with adrenal panel 6 weeks postoperatively revealed normalization of serum androstenedione, testosterone and cortisol concentrations. Four years postoperatively, at the time of writing, the cat remains free of clinical signs. Relevance and novel information We are unaware of any previously reported cases of non-neoplastic ovarian remnants associated with clinically relevant hyperandrogenism. A non-neoplastic ovarian-dependent hyperandrogenism should be included as a differential diagnosis of spayed female cats showing aggression and urine spraying behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Jones
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Scott L Owens
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedVet Indianapolis, Carmel, IN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tavares IT, Barreno RR, Sales-Luís JP, Vaudano CG. Ovarian teratoma removed by laparoscopic ovariectomy in a dog. J Vet Sci 2019; 19:862-864. [PMID: 30304893 PMCID: PMC6265578 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.6.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An elective laparoscopic ovariectomy on a healthy dog revealed a cystic structure in the left ovary. The surgical procedure was successful. Histopathological examination showed the presence of a teratoma adjacent to the ovary. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of an ovarian teratoma removed by laparoscopic ovariectomy in a dog by using a multiport laparoscopic ovariectomy technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês T Tavares
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ramón R Barreno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous Ciudad Juarez University, 32310 Ciudad Juaréz, México
| | - José P Sales-Luís
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Knauf Y, Köhler K, Knauf S, Wehrend A. Histological classification of canine ovarian cyst types with reference to medical history. J Vet Sci 2019; 19:725-734. [PMID: 30304884 PMCID: PMC6265583 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.6.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovaries of 21 bitches presented with gynecopathies were surgically removed and histologically examined. Standard histological, as well as immunohistochemical, classification of 193 cystic structures resulted in the classification of 72 cysts of subsurface epithelial structures (SES), 61 follicular cysts (FCs), 38 cystic rete ovarii (CRO), 13 lutein cysts (LCs), and 9 non-classifiable cysts (NCCs). In addition to the histological classification, results were interpreted according to subject medical history, clinical examination outcome, and macroscopic observations during ovariohysterectomy. Dogs with ovarian cysts (OCs) and associated reproductive perturbations were mostly nulliparous, of large breed, and had an average of 9.5 ± 3 years. Prolonged or shortened inter-estrus intervals of past heats, however, seemed to be relatively low-risk factors for the development of OCs in dogs. Furthermore, we provide histological observations of a rarely seen canine LC including a degenerated oocyte in the central cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Knauf
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Veterinary Ambulance, Justus-Liebig-University, D 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University, D 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kernt Köhler
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University, D 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sascha Knauf
- Department of Infection Biology, Work Group Neglected Tropical Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, D 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Axel Wehrend
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Veterinary Ambulance, Justus-Liebig-University, D 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Genital Tract Pathology in Female Pet Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus): a Retrospective Study of 655 Post-mortem and 64 Biopsy Cases. J Comp Pathol 2018; 165:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
Walter B, Coelfen A, Jäger K, Reese S, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Aupperle-Lellbach H. Anti-Muellerian hormone concentration in bitches with histopathologically diagnosed ovarian tumours and cysts. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:784-792. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Walter
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | - A Coelfen
- Laboklin GmbH & Co.KG; Bad Kissingen Germany
| | - K Jäger
- Laboklin GmbH & Co.KG; Bad Kissingen Germany
| | - S Reese
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Chair of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Department of Veterinary Sciences; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | - A Meyer-Lindenberg
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The clinical and pathological records of 44 domestic, female rabbits with an age ranging from 6-124 months (median age: 63.5 month) were assessed retrospectively for ovarian lesions. Included were all rabbits that underwent an ovariohysterectomy with a subsequent pathological examination of the genital tract between March 1997 and June 2016. Pathological examination revealed ovarian lesions in 12 of the 44 rabbits including follicular cysts (n=7), cystic rete ovarii (n=3), widespread ovarian necrosis with dystrophic calcification (n=2), ovarian adenoma (n=1). Clinical examination including radiographs only suggested ovarian disorders in two cases of ovarian necrosis with dystrophic calcification and in two cases of cystic rete ovarii. Clinical significance was only conclusive in a case of cystic rete ovarii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christof Albert Bertram
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Müller
- Small Animal Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|