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Amin YA, Abdelaziz SG, Said AH. Treatment of postpartum endometritis induced by multidrug-resistant bacterial infection in dairy cattle by green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles and in vivo evaluation of its broad spectrum antimicrobial activity in cow uteri. Res Vet Sci 2023; 165:105074. [PMID: 37948844 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum endometritis significantly affects the health and productivity of cattle, causing significant economic loss that is speculated to exceed billions of dollars annually. Treatment of postpartum endometritis, which is linked to various bacterial infections in the uterus after delivery and has an alarmingly high risk of antibiotic treatment failure for unidentified reasons, represents a great challenge. Several studies have demonstrated that various disease complications, such as multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains, prolonged infection treatment, and increased mortality risk, have emerged as a result of the extensive use of antibiotics to treat uterine infections and other microbial-related diseases. Recent research has led to the development of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) that exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy against bacterial pathogens, including MDR bacteria, without producing mutants that are resistant to zinc oxide (ZnO). In the present work, we biologically synthesized ZnO NPs from a green natural source of Helianthus annuus seeds for the treatment of endometritis caused by MDR bacterial strains in dairy cattle. We examined ZnO's potential as a substitute antimicrobial agent to treat cow endometritis by testing its ability to sustain potent antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), in cow uteri. Among uterine bacteria, ZnO significantly decreased E. coli and S. aureus, which are known pathogenic bacteria within the uterus and achieved a high cure rate that was associated with the induction of estrous and pregnancy. Taken together, our observations of ZnO's broad range of antibacterial activity in-vivo with an animal model and subsequent evaluations of its therapeutic efficacy in cows with endometritis shed light on its potential to be used as a substitute antimicrobial agent for the treatment of uterine illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia A Amin
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.
| | - Sahar Gamal Abdelaziz
- Microbiology Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Qena, Egypt
| | - Alaa H Said
- Electronic and Nano Devices Lab, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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2
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Shafique L, Aqib AI, Liang Q, Qin C, Ali MM, Adil M, Sarwar Z, Saleem A, Ajmal M, Khan A, Pan H, Cui K, Liu Q. Genomic and Therapeutic Analyses of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Cattle Reproductive Tract. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6240711. [PMID: 36147637 PMCID: PMC9489358 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6240711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is emerging as a ubiquitous multidrug-resistant pathogen circulating among animals, humans, and their environment. The current study focused on molecular epidemiology and evidence-based treatment against S. aureus from bovine endometritis. For this study, n = 304 cattle were screened for endometritis using ultrasonography while presenting case history, and clinical signs were also considered. S. aureus was isolated from endometritis-positive uterine samples which were further put to molecular identification, phylogenetic analysis, susceptibility to antibiotics, and testing of novel drug combinations in both in vitro and field trials. The findings of the study revealed 78.20% of bovine endometritis samples positive for S. aureus, while nuc gene-based genotyping of S. aureus thermal nuclease (SA-1, SA-2, and SA-3) showed close relatedness with S. aureus thermal nuclease of Bos taurus. Drug combinations showed 5.00 to 188.88% rise in zones of inhibitions (ZOI) for drugs used in combination compared to the drugs used alone. Gentamicin in combination with amoxicillin and enrofloxacin with metronidazol showed synergistic interactions in an in vitro trial. Co-amoxiclav with gentamicin, gentamicin with enrofloxacin, and metronidazole with enrofloxacin showed 100%, 80%, and 60% efficacy in treating clinical cases in field trials, respectively. As a result, the study came to the conclusion the higher prevalence of endometritis-based S. aureus, genetic host shifts, narrow options for single drugs, and need for novel drug combinations to treat clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiba Shafique
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
| | - Amjad Islam Aqib
- Department of Medicine, Cholistan University of Veterianry and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Qin Liang
- Jinan City Zhangqiu District Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Development Center, China
| | - Chaobin Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Memoona Adil
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zaeem Sarwar
- Department of Theriogenology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Saleem
- Department of Aerospace and Geodesy, Technical University of Munich, Arcisstra. 21, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan
| | - Alveena Khan
- Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore (University of Health Sciences), 54770, Pakistan
| | - Hongping Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
| | - Kuiqing Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
| | - Qingyou Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
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3
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The use of herbal treatments as alternatives to control uterine diseases in dairy cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:148. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Paiano RB, Moreno LZ, Gomes VTM, Parra BM, Barbosa MR, Sato MIZ, Bonilla J, Pugliesi G, Baruselli PS, Moreno AM. Assessment of the main pathogens associated with clinical and subclinical endometritis in cows by culture and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identification. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3367-3376. [PMID: 35181136 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical endometritis (CE) and subclinical endometritis (SCE) are diseases that affect dairy cows during the puerperium, causing negative effects on the animals' milk production and fertility. The objective of this study was to assess the main bacteria related to cases of CE and SCE from uterine samples of dairy cows in Brazilian herds. Selective and differential media were used for isolation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and further MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) identification. A total of 279 lactating dairy cows with 28 to 33 d in milk from 6 commercial farms were evaluated. Initially, cows were classified in 3 groups: cytologic healthy cows (n = 161), cows with CE (n = 83), and cows with SCE (n = 35). Healthy animals presented 97 species, followed by the CE group with 53 identified species, and SCE cows presented only 21 bacterial species. We found a significantly higher isolation rate of Trueperella pyogenes in CE (26.5%) cows compared with healthy and SCE cows. Some anaerobic species were exclusively isolated from the CE group, even though they presented lower frequency. Interestingly, 18.1% of samples from CE cows and 40% of SCE cows were negative to bacterial isolation. Despite the use of culture-dependent methods instead of molecular methods, the present study enabled the identification of a complex community of 127 different species from 48 genera, composed of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species among the 3 different animal groups. The method of sample collection, culture, and identification by MALDI-TOF MS were essential for the success of the analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Paiano
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508270, Brazil.
| | - L Z Moreno
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil
| | - V T M Gomes
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil
| | - B M Parra
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil
| | - M R Barbosa
- Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (CETESB), São Paulo, SP 05459-900, Brazil
| | - M I Z Sato
- Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (CETESB), São Paulo, SP 05459-900, Brazil
| | - J Bonilla
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635900, Brazil
| | - G Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508270, Brazil
| | - P S Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508270, Brazil
| | - A M Moreno
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil.
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Paiano RB, Bonilla J, Moreno AM, Baruselli PS. Clinical endometritis with Trueperella pyogenes reduces reproductive performance and milk production in dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1536-1542. [PMID: 34510600 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the impact of Trueperella pyogenes in cows with clinical endometritis (CE) on reproductive performance and milk production in affected cows. In total, 230 lactating Holstein dairy cows from six commercial dairy herds were sampled once between 28 and 33 days post-partum. Cows included in the present study did not receive antibiotic or anti-inflammatory treatments prior to the experimental period. Clinical endometritis (CE) was characterized as cow with vaginal mucus score = 3 (>50% of purulent vaginal discharge) and >18% polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte (PMNL). The body condition scores (BCS) and milk production were evaluated at the time of enrolment. The identification of isolated bacteria was carried out through the analysis of MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry). According to uterine health, three groups of dairy cows were formed: healthy control cows without T. pyogenes (n = 147), CE cows with T. pyogenes (n = 22) and CE cows without T. pyogenes (n = 61). CE cows with T. pyogenes had lower BCS, milk production and conception at first AI (p < .01) than CE cows without T. pyogenes and control cows. Furthermore, CE cows with T. pyogenes had higher (p < .01) service per pregnancy and had greater (p < .01) days to get pregnant than CE cows without T. pyogenes and control cows. This study demonstrates that CE cows with T. pyogenes had impaired reproductive performance and milk production when compared to cows without CE and CE cows without T. pyogenes. This information can contribute to a strategic treatment in cows affected by clinical endometritis, favouring the rational use of antibiotics on dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan B Paiano
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeannine Bonilla
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Andrea M Moreno
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pietro S Baruselli
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Paul V, Krishnan G, Deori S, Bam J, Chakravarty P, Sarkar M. Body status and blood metabolites profiles during resumption of postpartum ovarian activity in yak (Poephagus grunniens). Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1377-1386. [PMID: 34378257 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We examined the changes in body weight (BW), back-fat thickness (BFT) and blood metabolites in relation to postpartum (PP) ovarian activity status in twenty female yaks raised under semi-intensive system. BFT and ovarian activities, like follicle development, ovulation (OV) and corpus luteum (CL) development, were monitored from 4 to 15 weeks (wk) PP using ultrasonography. Resumption of ovarian activity was confirmed with ovulation of dominant follicle (DF) and subsequent CL development, and >1 ng/ml progesterone concentration in blood plasma sample after 1week of ovulation. Yaks were further classified as cyclic (with CL), acyclic (without CL), and cystic (with >25 mm follicular cyst; FC). Within 20 weeks PP, 60% yaks resumed cyclic ovarian activity, while 25% failed to initiate cycling activity, and 15% developed follicular cysts. In all categories of yak, BW gradually decreased (p < .05) till nadir; however, nadir reached earlier (p < .05) in acyclic yaks. BFT differed (p < .05) among the yak groups, but it tended to be higher in cyclic yaks as compared to acyclic and cystic. No difference (p > .05) in non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) values was found among the different categories of yaks, whereas, beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHB) levels were higher in cystic animals as compared to acyclic and cyclic. Blood glucose levels decreased in all yaks during initial 2 weeks after calving. Our findings suggest that yaks with low BW, BFT and glucose levels, and higher BHB values were at risk of delayed resumption of ovarian activity and concomitant development of follicular cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Paul
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Yak, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - G Krishnan
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Yak, Arunachal Pradesh, India.,ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Deori
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Yak, Arunachal Pradesh, India.,ICAR-Research Complex for NEH region, Meghalaya, India
| | - Joken Bam
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Yak, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - P Chakravarty
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Yak, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - M Sarkar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Yak, Arunachal Pradesh, India
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Paiano RB, Birgel DB, Bonilla J, Birgel Junior EH. Metritis in dairy cows is preceded by alterations in biochemical profile prepartum and at parturition. Res Vet Sci 2021; 135:167-174. [PMID: 33524827 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metritis in dairy cows is classified as a puerperal disease that affects all layers of the uterine epithelium and occurs during the first 21 days after parturition. The objectives of this study were to identify potential predictive biomarkers of metritis, to monitor the biochemical profile of pre-metritic dairy cows, and to evaluate the reproductive performance of dairy cows with metritis. Fifty-five cows without metritis and fifteen cows that showed clinical signs of metritis were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected at -21, -14 and - 7 days before calving and at parturition and assayed for urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total cholesterol, fibrinogen, total calcium, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations. Serum fibrinogen on 21, 14 and 7 days prepartum and at parturition was the strongest discriminator between metritic and control cows. Moreover, metritic cows had lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of urea, creatinine, cholesterol and calcium and higher (P < 0.05) serum AST, GGT activities, and serum fibrinogen, BHB and NEFA concentrations when compared to control cows. The number of days to first ovulation, insemination, services per pregnancy and days to pregnancy were greater (P < 0.05) for metritic cows than the control group, and the follicle size was smaller (P < 0.05) for metritic cows than the control group. Our results indicate alterations in the biochemical profile of dairy cows with metritis and the negative impact on the reproductive performance of metritic cows raised in tropical conditions. In addition, this study showed that the serum fibrinogen could be used as screening biomarkers to indicate cows that might have metritis during the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Braga Paiano
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, SP 05508270, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Becker Birgel
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635900, Brazil
| | - Jeannine Bonilla
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Harry Birgel Junior
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635900, Brazil
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Yasuoka MM, Monteiro BM, Fantinato-Neto P, Paiano RB, Fantoni DT, Otsuki DA, Birgel Junior EH. Transient Pulmonary Artery Hypertension in Holstein Neonate Calves. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122277. [PMID: 33287159 PMCID: PMC7761634 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary At birth, calves are challenged to maintain their vital functions that were previously supported by the placenta of cows. Failures in the neonatal adaptation process can occur during this and can cause the death of neonates. The present study aimed at the invasive hemodynamic evaluation of calves during the first 30 days of life to elucidate the changes in calves during this stage of life. In conclusion, the results of this research show a transient pulmonary arterial hypertension during the process of adapting to extrauterine life. Abstract The neonatal period is a challenging phase for calves, and during this phase constant adaptations are required. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the invasive hemodynamics with the Swan-Ganz catheter in neonate calves to understand adaptive changes during the first 30 days of life. A prospective and observational study was conducted with 10 Holstein calves. Assessments of the right atrial pressure (RAP), right ventricular pressure (RVP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary pressure (PW), cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and blood gas levels were performed. The analyses of PAP, PVR, PW, HR, sO2, and arterial blood gases differed (p < 0.05) between the evaluated periods. Our results indicated transient pulmonary artery hypertension during the process of extrauterine adaptation during the first 30 days of life. This hypertension must be considered as physiological and consequent to the neonatal adaptation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Marie Yasuoka
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635900, Brazil; (P.F.-N.); (E.H.B.J.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.Y.); (R.B.P.)
| | - Bruno Moura Monteiro
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508270, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Fantinato-Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635900, Brazil; (P.F.-N.); (E.H.B.J.)
| | - Renan Braga Paiano
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508270, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (M.M.Y.); (R.B.P.)
| | - Denise Tabacchi Fantoni
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo University, São Paulo 05508270, Brazil;
| | - Denise Aya Otsuki
- LIM-08, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246000, Brazil;
| | - Eduardo Harry Birgel Junior
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635900, Brazil; (P.F.-N.); (E.H.B.J.)
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