1
|
Svejcar LN, Davies KW, Ritchie AL. Ecological restoration in the age of apocalypse. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4706-4710. [PMID: 37312638 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Billions of dollars are spent annually on ecological restoration efforts around the world and yet successful attainment of restoration targets still falls short in many regions. Globally, ecosystem restoration is becoming increasingly challenged with changes in climate. Years with extreme climatic events that limit plant establishment, such as severe drought, heatwaves, and floods are projected to increase in frequency. A critical evaluation of current ecological restoration practices and changes to those practices are needed to attain global restoration targets. For plant restoration, many efforts globally focus on planting in a single year following disturbance. The odds of restoration efforts being conducted in a year that is inconducive to plant establishment may be calculated using climatic risk data. We propose a risk-mitigation approach to restoration wherein plantings are conducted across multiple years for projects in a bet-hedging strategy and evaluated through an adaptive management approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Svejcar
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, Oregon, USA
| | - Kirk W Davies
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, Oregon, USA
| | - Alison L Ritchie
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fivash GS, van Belzen J, Temmink RJM, Didderen K, Lengkeek W, van der Heide T, Bouma TJ. Increasing spatial dispersion in ecosystem restoration mitigates risk in disturbance‐driven environments. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Fivash
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Yerseke the Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Jim van Belzen
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Yerseke the Netherlands
| | - Ralph J. M. Temmink
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | | | - Wouter Lengkeek
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen the Netherlands
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg the Netherlands
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen the Netherlands
- Department of Coastal Systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Den Burg the Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Yerseke the Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
- Delta Academy Applied Research Centre HZ University of Applied Sciences Vlissingen the Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rader AJ, Chiquoine LP, Weigand JF, Perkins JL, Munson SM, Abella SR. Biotic and abiotic treatments as a bet‐hedging approach to restoring plant communities and soil functions. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey J. Rader
- University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Life Sciences Las Vegas NV 89154‐4004 U.S.A
| | - Lindsay P. Chiquoine
- University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Life Sciences Las Vegas NV 89154‐4004 U.S.A
| | - James F. Weigand
- U.S. Bureau of Land Management California State Office 2800 Cottage Way Sacramento CA 95825 U.S.A
| | - Judy L. Perkins
- U.S. Bureau of Land Management California State Office 2800 Cottage Way Sacramento CA 95825 U.S.A
| | - Seth M. Munson
- U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center 2255 North Gemini Drive Flagstaff AZ 86001 U.S.A
| | - Scott R. Abella
- University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Life Sciences Las Vegas NV 89154‐4004 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qi Q, Zhang D, Zhang M, Tong S, An Y, Wang X, Zhu G. Hydrological and microtopographic effects on community ecological characteristics of Carex schmidtii tussock wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146630. [PMID: 34030303 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrology and microtopography are important factors affecting the structure and function of wetland ecosystems and controlling plant community distribution and succession. This study aims to identify the effects of hydrology and microtopography on the structure and function of a wetland plant community. A field survey was conducted in Carex schmidtii tussock wetland. Vegetation was sampled in different microtopographic regions (hummock and interspaces) in three types of tussock wetlands with different hydrological conditions (i.e., droughty, seasonally flooded and long-term flooded). Relative importance value (RIV), species richness, diversity, dominance, as well as community similarity and productivity were calculated. We recorded a total of 52 species of plants, belonging to 21 families and 39 genera, in sample plots. Community ecological characteristics significantly differed under varying hydrological conditions and microtopographic regions. Drought decreased the dominance of the C. schmidtii community but increased the frequency of mesophytes. Species richness and diversity in seasonally and long-term flooded sites were significantly lower than droughty sites, while community dominance and productivity in these areas were significantly higher than in droughty sites. Biodiversity in hummocks was significantly lower than in interspaces, but with higher community dominance and productivity. In droughty sites, C. schmidtii on hummocks lost its dominance, resulting in higher community similarity between hummocks and interspaces. Conversely, in seasonally and long-term flooded sites, C. schmidtii on hummocks was absolutely dominant with RIV of 77.0 ± 2.78% and low community similarity between hummocks and interspaces. Moreover, hummock community structure was more similar to that of the overall community, and C. schmidtii biomass in hummocks was the main source of community productivity, indicating the supporting effects of hummocks on community structure. In conclusion, hydrology and microtopography jointly affect the plant community. Attention should be paid to the protection and maintenance of hummock structure and the dominance of C. schmidtii communities in tussock wetland conservation and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong Province 256603, PR China
| | - Mingye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shouzheng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, PR China.
| | - Yu An
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, PR China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation of Coastal Wetlands in Universities of Shandong, Ludong University, No. 186, Hongqi Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, Shandong Province 264025, PR China.
| | - Guanglei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen S, Li X, Cheng F, Zha X, Lu X. Review: recent developments of substrates for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in CWs treating municipal wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:29837-29855. [PMID: 32472508 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Substrates are the main factor influencing the performance of constructed wetlands (CWs), and especially play an important role in enhancing the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from CWs. In the recent 10 years, based on the investigation of emerged substrates used in CWs, this paper summarizes the removal efficiency and mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus by a single substrate in detail. The simultaneous removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus by different combined substrates is emphatically analyzed. Among them, the reuse of industrial and agricultural wastes as water treatment substrates is recommended due to the efficient pollutant removal efficiency and the principle of waste minimization, also more studies on the environmental impact and risk assessment of the application, and the subsequent disposal of saturated substrates are needed. This work serves as a basis for future screening and development of substrates utilized in CWs, which is helpful to enhance the synchronous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as improve the sustainability of substrates and CWs. Moreover, further studies on the interaction between different types of substrates in the wetland system are desperately needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Shen
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangkui Cheng
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zha
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwu Lu
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scott B, Baldwin AH, Ballantine K, Palmer M, Yarwood S. The role of organic amendments in wetland restorations. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Scott
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology University of Maryland Agricultural Engineering Building 142 College Park MD 20742 U.S.A
| | - Andrew H. Baldwin
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology University of Maryland Agricultural Engineering Building 142 College Park MD 20742 U.S.A
| | - Kate Ballantine
- Department of Environmental Studies Mount Holyoke College 50 College Street South Hadley MA 01075 U.S.A
| | - Margaret Palmer
- National Socio‐Environmental Synthesis Center, University of Maryland Plant Sciences Building 4112 College Park MD 20742 U.S.A
| | - Stephanie Yarwood
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology University of Maryland Agricultural Engineering Building 142 College Park MD 20742 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|