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Clark‐Ioannou SM, Wardell‐Johnson GW, Millett J. Multi‐scale biogeographic controls over plant communities on granite outcrops in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M. Clark‐Ioannou
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australia6845Australia
| | - Grant W. Wardell‐Johnson
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australia6845Australia
| | - Jonathan Millett
- Geography and Environment Loughborough University Loughborough Leicestershire UK
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2
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A New Approach to Inform Restoration and Management Decisions for Sustainable Apiculture. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Habitat loss has reduced the available resources for apiarists and is a key driver of poor colony health, colony loss, and reduced honey yields. The biggest challenge for apiarists in the future will be meeting increasing demands for pollination services, honey, and other bee products with limited resources. Targeted landscape restoration focusing on high-value or high-yielding forage could ensure adequate floral resources are available to sustain the growing industry. Tools are currently needed to evaluate the likely productivity of potential sites for restoration and inform decisions about plant selections and arrangements and hive stocking rates, movements, and placements. We propose a new approach for designing sites for apiculture, centred on a model of honey production that predicts how changes to plant and hive decisions affect the resource supply, potential for bees to collect resources, consumption of resources by the colonies, and subsequently, amount of honey that may be produced. The proposed model is discussed with reference to existing models, and data input requirements are discussed with reference to an Australian case study area. We conclude that no existing model exactly meets the requirements of our proposed approach, but components of several existing models could be combined to achieve these needs.
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3
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Assessing biodiversity hotspots below the species-level in Canada using designatable units. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Prada D, Boyd V, Baker ML, O’Dea M, Jackson B. Viral Diversity of Microbats within the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. Viruses 2019; 11:E1157. [PMID: 31847282 PMCID: PMC6950384 DOI: 10.3390/v11121157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are known reservoirs of a wide variety of viruses that rarely result in overt clinical disease in the bat host. However, anthropogenic influences on the landscape and climate can change species assemblages and interactions, as well as undermine host-resilience. The cumulative result is a disturbance of bat-pathogen dynamics, which facilitate spillover events to sympatric species, and may threaten bat communities already facing synergistic stressors through ecological change. Therefore, characterisation of viral pathogens in bat communities provides important basal information to monitor and predict the emergence of diseases relevant to conservation and public health. This study used targeted molecular techniques, serological assays and next generation sequencing to characterise adenoviruses, coronaviruses and paramyxoviruses from 11 species of insectivorous bats within the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. Phylogenetic analysis indicated complex ecological interactions including virus-host associations, cross-species infections, and multiple viral strains circulating concurrently within selected bat populations. Additionally, we describe the entire coding sequences for five alphacoronaviruses (representing four putative new species), and one novel adenovirus. Results indicate that viral burden (both prevalence and richness) is not homogeneous among species, with Chalinolobus gouldii identified as a key epidemiological element within the studied communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Prada
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (M.O.); (B.J.)
| | - Victoria Boyd
- Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Australian Animal Health Laboratories, CSIRO, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (V.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Michelle L. Baker
- Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Australian Animal Health Laboratories, CSIRO, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (V.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Mark O’Dea
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (M.O.); (B.J.)
| | - Bethany Jackson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (M.O.); (B.J.)
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Delnevo N, van Etten EJ, Byrne M, Stock WD. Floral display and habitat fragmentation: Effects on the reproductive success of the threatened mass-flowering Conospermum undulatum (Proteaceae). Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11494-11503. [PMID: 31641488 PMCID: PMC6802041 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragmentation of natural vegetation is currently one of the largest threats to plant populations and their interactions with pollinators. Plant reproductive susceptibility to habitat fragmentation has been investigated in many species; however, the response of wild mass-flowering species is poorly known, with research limited to mainly boreal plant species.Here, we studied twelve remnant populations of the threatened mass-flowering shrub Conospermum undulatum in the southwest Australian biodiversity hotspot, each presenting different population size, level of isolation, and floral display. We assessed the impact of fragmentation on (a) fruit and seed production; and (b) seed germination. To gain a deeper understanding of factors influencing the reproductive success of C. undulatum, we performed pollinator exclusion and self-pollination treatments to experimentally assess the mating system of this threatened shrub.We found C. undulatum to be strictly self-incompatible and totally reliant on pollinators visiting with an outcrossed pollen load to complete the reproductive cycle. Further, we found that fruit production dropped from 35% to <20% as a result of decreasing floral display. A reduction in population size from 880 to 5 plants and from ~700 to 0.21 in the floral display index led to a decrease in seed output, while a similar reduction in seed output, from 6% to 3%, was observed as a result of increasing isolation index from -21.41 to -0.04. Overall, seed germination was positively related to population size, and a negative relationship was found between germination and isolation. Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate the important relationship between pollinators and floral morphology in plants of southwest Australia that have coevolved with native pollinators and developed characteristic flower morphologies over long time frames. Indeed, due to its characteristic pollination mechanism, the self-incompatible C. undulatum can only rely on specialized native pollinators for pollen flow and cannot rely on its mass-flowering trait to attract generalist pollinators from coflowering species; neither can it compensate for the lack of visitors by promoting geitonogamy. Consequently, fragmentation has a significant effect on the reproductive output of C. undulatum, and size, isolation, and floral display of populations are important factors to be considered when planning conservation actions for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Delnevo
- Centre for Ecosystem ManagementEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWAAustralia
| | - Eddie J. van Etten
- Centre for Ecosystem ManagementEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWAAustralia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsBentley Delivery CentreBentleyWAAustralia
| | - William D. Stock
- Centre for Ecosystem ManagementEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWAAustralia
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Delnevo N, Piotti A, van Etten EJ, Stock WD, Byrne M. Isolation, characterization, and cross-amplification of 20 microsatellite markers for Conospermum undulatum (Proteaceae). APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2019; 7:e11283. [PMID: 31467806 PMCID: PMC6711349 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Recent habitat fragmentation is posing a risk to the wavy-leaved smokebush, Conospermum undulatum (Proteaceae), a rare plant species endemic to southwestern Western Australia. Microsatellite markers are required to characterize the genetic diversity and structure of the species for conservation purposes and to facilitate ecological studies. METHODS AND RESULTS Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was used to develop 20 novel microsatellite markers for C. undulatum. Polymorphism at each locus was assessed using 72 individuals from three natural populations. Nineteen markers were polymorphic, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from two to 21, and observed and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.000 to 1.000 and 0.117 to 0.919, respectively. All markers successfully amplified in three congeneric species (C. stoechadis, C. canaliculatum and C. triplinervium). CONCLUSIONS The microsatellite markers will be useful for revealing patterns of genetic diversity, dispersal dynamics, and hybridization events for C. undulatum to inform future conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Delnevo
- Centre for Ecosystem ManagementEdith Cowan University270 Joondalup DriveJoondalup6027Western AustraliaAustralia
| | - Andrea Piotti
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR)National Research Council (CNR)50019Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze)Italy
| | - Eddie J. van Etten
- Centre for Ecosystem ManagementEdith Cowan University270 Joondalup DriveJoondalup6027Western AustraliaAustralia
| | - William D. Stock
- Centre for Ecosystem ManagementEdith Cowan University270 Joondalup DriveJoondalup6027Western AustraliaAustralia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity Conservation and AttractionsBentley Delivery CentreLocked Bag 104BentleyWestern Australia6983Australia
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Prada D, Boyd V, Baker M, Jackson B, O'Dea M. Insights into Australian Bat Lyssavirus in Insectivorous Bats of Western Australia. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019; 4:tropicalmed4010046. [PMID: 30862028 PMCID: PMC6473685 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) is a known causative agent of neurological disease in bats, humans and horses. It has been isolated from four species of pteropid bats and a single microbat species (Saccolaimus flaviventris). To date, ABLV surveillance has primarily been passive, with active surveillance concentrating on eastern and northern Australian bat populations. As a result, there is scant regional ABLV information for large areas of the country. To better inform the local public health risks associated with human-bat interactions, this study describes the lyssavirus prevalence in microbat communities in the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. We used targeted real-time PCR assays to detect viral RNA shedding in 839 oral swabs representing 12 species of microbats, which were sampled over two consecutive summers spanning 2016–2018. Additionally, we tested 649 serum samples via Luminex® assay for reactivity to lyssavirus antigens. Active lyssavirus infection was not detected in any of the samples. Lyssavirus antibodies were detected in 19 individuals across six species, with a crude prevalence of 2.9% (95% CI: 1.8–4.5%) over the two years. In addition, we present the first records of lyssavirus exposure in two Nyctophilus species, and Falsistrellusmackenziei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Prada
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Victoria Boyd
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Michelle Baker
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Bethany Jackson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Mark O'Dea
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
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8
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Mason L, Bateman PHILIPWILLIAM, Miller BP, Wardell-Johnson GW. Ashes to ashes: Intense fires extinguish populations of urban short-range endemics. AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leanda Mason
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - PHILIP WILLIAM Bateman
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - Ben P. Miller
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions; Kings Park Science; Kings Park WA Australia
| | - Grant Wesley Wardell-Johnson
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration; School of Molecular and Life Sciences; Curtin University; Perth WA Australia
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9
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Fernandes K, van der Heyde M, Bunce M, Dixon K, Harris RJ, Wardell-Johnson G, Nevill PG. DNA metabarcoding-a new approach to fauna monitoring in mine site restoration. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Fernandes
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6102 Australia
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6102 Australia
| | - Mieke van der Heyde
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6102 Australia
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6102 Australia
| | - Michael Bunce
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6102 Australia
| | - Kingsley Dixon
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6102 Australia
| | - Richard J. Harris
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6102 Australia
| | - Grant Wardell-Johnson
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6102 Australia
| | - Paul G. Nevill
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6102 Australia
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Mason LD, Bateman PW, Wardell-Johnson GW. The pitfalls of short-range endemism: high vulnerability to ecological and landscape traps. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4715. [PMID: 29740516 PMCID: PMC5937473 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological traps attract biota to low-quality habitats. Landscape traps are zones caught in a vortex of spiralling degradation. Here, we demonstrate how short-range endemic (SRE) traits may make such taxa vulnerable to ecological and landscape traps. Three SRE species of mygalomorph spider were used in this study: Idiommata blackwalli, Idiosoma sigillatum and an undescribed Aganippe sp. Mygalomorphs can be long-lived (>43 years) and select sites for permanent burrows in their early dispersal phase. Spiderlings from two species, I. blackwalli (n = 20) and Aganippe sp. (n = 50), demonstrated choice for microhabitats under experimental conditions, that correspond to where adults typically occur in situ. An invasive veldt grass microhabitat was selected almost exclusively by spiderlings of I. sigillatum. At present, habitat dominated by veldt grass in Perth, Western Australia, has lower prey diversity and abundance than undisturbed habitats and therefore may act as an ecological trap for this species. Furthermore, as a homogenising force, veldt grass can spread to form a landscape trap in naturally heterogeneous ecosystems. Selection of specialised microhabitats of SREs may explain high extinction rates in old, stable landscapes undergoing (human-induced) rapid change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanda D Mason
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Philip W Bateman
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Grant W Wardell-Johnson
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA, Australia
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Mason LD, Wardell-Johnson G, Main BY. The longest-lived spider: mygalomorphs dig deep, and persevere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/pc18015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the longest-lived spider documented to date. A 43-year-old, female Gaius villosus Rainbow, 1914 (Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae) has recently died during a long-term population study. This study was initiated by Barbara York Main at North Bungulla Reserve near Tammin, south-western Australia, in 1974. Annual monitoring of this species of burrowing, sedentary mygalomorph spider yielded not only this record-breaking discovery but also invaluable information for high-priority conservation taxa within a global biodiversity hotspot. We suggest that the life-styles of short-range endemics provide lessons for humanity and sustainable living in old stable landscapes.
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Gibson N, Prober S, Meissner R, van Leeuwen S. Implications of high species turnover on the south-western Australian sandplains. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172977. [PMID: 28245232 PMCID: PMC5330496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Species turnover and its components related to replacement and nestedness form a significant element of diversity that is historically poorly accounted for in conservation planning. To inform biodiversity conservation and contribute to a broader understanding of patterns in species turnover, we undertook a floristic survey of 160 plots along an 870 km transect across oligotrophic sandplains, extending from the mesic south coast to the arid interior of south-western Australia. A nested survey design was employed to sample distances along the transect as evenly as possible. Species turnover was correlated with geographic distance at both regional and local scales, consistent with dispersal limitation being a significant driver of species turnover. When controlled for species richness, species replacement was found to be the dominant component of species turnover and was uniformly high across the transect, uncorrelated with either climatic or edaphic factors. This high replacement rate, well documented in the mega-diverse south-west, appears to also be a consistent feature of arid zone vegetation systems despite a decrease in overall species richness. Species turnover increased rapidly with increasing extent along the transect reaching an asymptote at ca. 50 km. These findings are consistent with earlier work in sandplain and mallee vegetation in the south-west and suggests reserve based conservation strategies are unlikely to be practicable in the south-western Australia sandplains when communities are defined by species incidence rather than dominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Gibson
- Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife, Science and Conservation Division, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, Faculty of Science, School of Plant Biology, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Suzanne Prober
- CSIRO, Land and Water Flagship, Wembley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rachel Meissner
- Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife, Science and Conservation Division, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australian Transect Network, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen van Leeuwen
- Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife, Science and Conservation Division, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australian Transect Network, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Reside AE, Beher J, Cosgrove AJ, Evans MC, Seabrook L, Silcock JL, Wenger AS, Maron M. Ecological consequences of land clearing and policy reform in Queensland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/pc17001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Land clearing threatens biodiversity, impairs the functioning of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems, and is a key contributor to human-induced climate change. The rates of land clearing in the State of Queensland, Australia, are at globally significant levels, and have been the subject of intense and polarised political debate. In 2016, a legislative bill that aimed to restore stronger controls over land clearing failed to pass in the Queensland Parliament, despite the clear scientific basis for policy reform. Here, we provide a short history of the recent policy debate over land clearing in Queensland, in the context of its global and national ecological significance. Land clearing affects regional climates, leading to hotter, drier climates that will impact on the Queensland economy and local communities. Loss of habitat from land clearing is a key threatening process for many endangered animals and plants. Runoff from land clearing results in sediment and nutrient enrichment, which threatens the health of the Great Barrier Reef. Australia has made national and international commitments to conserve biodiversity and reduce our greenhouse gas emissions, but current land clearing policies are not consistent with these commitments. Stronger regulation is needed to reduce vegetation loss, such as target-based regulation, which sets a cap on land clearing and could effectively halt vegetation loss over the long term. Lasting policy reform is required, and we recommend an effective policy mix that restricts clearing, provides economic opportunities for vegetation retention, and informs the Australian community about the value of native vegetation.
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Bradby K, Keesing A, Wardell-Johnson G. Gondwana Link: connecting people, landscapes, and livelihoods across southwestern Australia. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Bradby
- Gondwana Link Ltd; PO Box 5276 Albany WA 6332 Australia
| | | | - Grant Wardell-Johnson
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, School of Science; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia
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