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Essa RZ, Wu YS, Batumalaie K, Sekar M, Poh CL. Antiviral peptides against SARS-CoV-2: therapeutic targets, mechanistic antiviral activity, and efficient delivery. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:1166-1181. [PMID: 36401119 PMCID: PMC9676828 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 is a serious public health concern. Over 625 million confirmed cases and more than 6 million deaths have been recorded worldwide. Although several vaccines and antiviral medications have been developed, their efficacy is limited by the emerging new SARS-CoV-2 strains. Peptide-based therapeutics is a fast-growing class of new drugs and have unique advantages over large proteins and small molecules. Antiviral peptides (AVPs) are short polycationic antivirals with broad-spectrum effects, which have been shown to exert both prophylactic and therapeutic actions against reported coronaviruses. The potential therapeutic targets of AVPs are located either on the virus (e.g., E-protein and S-protein) to prohibit viral binding or host cells, particularly, those present on the cell surface (e.g., ACE2 and TMPRSS2). Despite AVPs having promising antiviral effects, their efficacy is limited by low bioavailability. Thus, nanoformulation is a prerequisite for prolonged bioavailability and efficient delivery. This review aimed to present an insight into the therapeutic AVP targets on both virus and host cells by discussing their antiviral activities and associated molecular mechanisms. Besides, it described the technique for discovering and developing possible AVPs based on their targets, as well as the significance of using nanotechnology for their efficient delivery against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raahilah Zahir Essa
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuan-seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kalaivani Batumalaie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Asia Metropolitan University, 81750 Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, 30450 Ipoh, Perak Malaysia
| | - Chit-laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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Almalki S, Beigh S, Akhter N, Alharbi RA. In silico epitope-based vaccine design against influenza a neuraminidase protein: Computational analysis established on B- and T-cell epitope predictions. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103283. [PMID: 35574284 PMCID: PMC9095894 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Influenza A virus belongs to the most studied virus and its mutant initiates epidemic and pandemics outbreaks. Inoculation is the significant foundation to diminish the risk of infection. To prevent an incidence of influenza from the transmission, various practical approaches require more advancement and progress. More efforts and research must take in front to enhance vaccine efficacy. Methods The present research emphasizes the development and expansion of a universal vaccine for the influenza virus. Research focuses on vaccine design with high efficacy. In this study, numerous computational approaches were used, covering a wide range of elements and ideas in bioinformatics methodology. Various B and T-cell epitopic peptides derived from the Neuraminidase protein N1 are recognized by these approaches. With the implementation of numerous obtained databases and bioinformatics tools, the different immune framework methods of the conserved sequences of N1 neuraminidase were analyzed. NCBI databases were employed to retrieve amino acid sequences. The antigenic nature of the neuraminidase sequence was achieved by the VaxiJen server and Kolaskar and Tongaonkar method. After screening of various B and T cell epitopes, one efficient peptide each from B cell epitope and T cell epitopes was assessed for their antigenic determinant vaccine efficacy. Identical two B cell epitopes were recognized from the N1 protein when analyzed using B-cell epitope prediction servers. The detailed examination of amino acid sequences for interpretation of B and T cell epitopes was achieved with the help of the ABCPred and Immune Epitope Database. Results Computational immunology via immunoinformatic study exhibited RPNDKTG as having its high conservancy efficiency and demonstrated as a good antigenic, accessible surface hydrophilic B-cell epitope. Among T cell epitope analysis, YVNISNTNF was selected for being a conserved epitope. T cell epitope was also analyzed for its allergenicity and cytotoxicity evaluation. YVNISNTNF epitope was found to be a non-allergen and not toxic for cells as well. This T-cell epitope with maximum world populace coverages was scrutinized for its association with the HLA-DRB1*0401 molecule. Results from docking simulation analyses showed YVNISNTNF having lower binding energy, the radius of gyration (Rg), RMSD values, and RMSE values which make the protein structure more stable and increase its ability to become an epitopic peptide for influenza virus vaccination. Conclusions We propose that this epitope analysis may be successfully used as a measurement tool for the robustness of an antigen-antibody reaction between mutant strains in the annual design of the influenza vaccine.
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Key Words
- Antigen-antibody reaction
- Docking simulation
- Epitope prediction
- H1N1, Influenza A
- HA, Hemagglutinin
- HAE, Human airway epithelial
- HCP, Health care personal
- HLA, Human leukocyte antigen
- IC50, Half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IEDB, Immune Epitope Database
- Influenza
- KS, Karplus & Schulz flexibility
- MD, Molecular dynamics
- MMPBSA, Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area
- NA, Neuraminidase
- RMSD, Root means square deviation
- RMSF, Root mean square fluctuation
- Rg, Radius of gyration
- SARS, Severe acute respiratory syndrome
- Toxicity
- pdm09, Pandemic Disease Mexico 2009
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaia Almalki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saba Beigh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Read A. Alharbi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65431, Saudi Arabia
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Farzana M, Shahriar S, Jeba FR, Tabassum T, Araf Y, Ullah MA, Tasnim J, Chakraborty A, Naima TA, Marma KKS, Rahaman TI, Hosen MJ. Functional food: complementary to fight against COVID-19. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 11:33. [PMID: 35284580 PMCID: PMC8899455 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The novel coronavirus has embarked on a global pandemic and severe mortality with limited access for its treatments and medications. For the lack of time, research, and enough efficacy, most vaccines are underdeveloped or unreachable to society. However, many recent studies suggest various alternative, complementary remedies for COVID-19, which are functional foods. This review provides an overview of how functional foods can play a great role through modulating the host immune system, generating antiviral activities, and synthesizing biologically active agents effective against the coronavirus. Main body This review article summarizes the natural defense mechanisms in tackling SARS-CoV-2 alongside conventional therapeutic options and their corresponding harmful side effects. By analyzing bioactive components of functional foods, we have outlined its different contributions to human health and its potential immunomodulatory and antiviral properties that can enhance resistivity to viral infection. Moreover, we have provided a myriad of accessible and cost-effective functional foods that could be further investigated to target specific key symptoms of COVID-19 infections. Finally, we have found various functional foods with potent bioactive compounds that can inhibit or prevent COVID-19 infections and disease progression. Short conclusion Numerous functional foods can help the body fight COVID-19 through several mechanisms such as the reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced expression of ACE2 receptors in cells, and inhibiting essential enzymes in SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisha Farzana
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Data and Sciences, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sagarika Shahriar
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Data and Sciences, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Faria Rahman Jeba
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Data and Sciences, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahani Tabassum
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Data and Sciences, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yusha Araf
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Asad Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jarin Tasnim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Agnila Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Taslima Anjum Naima
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Kay Kay Shain Marma
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjim Ishraq Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Jakir Hosen
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Alkhatib A. Antiviral Functional Foods and Exercise Lifestyle Prevention of Coronavirus. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2633. [PMID: 32872374 PMCID: PMC7551447 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is causing global mortality and lockdown burdens. A compromised immune system is a known risk factor for all viral influenza infections. Functional foods optimize the immune system capacity to prevent and control pathogenic viral infections, while physical activity augments such protective benefits. Exercise enhances innate and adaptive immune systems through acute, transient, and long-term adaptations to physical activity in a dose-response relationship. Functional foods prevention of non-communicable disease can be translated into protecting against respiratory viral infections and COVID-19. Functional foods and nutraceuticals within popular diets contain immune-boosting nutraceuticals, polyphenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, pigments, unsaturated fatty-acids, micronutrient vitamins and minerals, including vitamin A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate, and trace elements, including zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, and copper. Foods with antiviral properties include fruits, vegetables, fermented foods and probiotics, olive oil, fish, nuts and seeds, herbs, roots, fungi, amino acids, peptides, and cyclotides. Regular moderate exercise may contribute to reduce viral risk and enhance sleep quality during quarantine, in combination with appropriate dietary habits and functional foods. Lifestyle and appropriate nutrition with functional compounds may offer further antiviral approaches for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alkhatib
- School of Health and Life sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK
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Liang L, Ahamed A, Ge L, Fu X, Lisak G. Advances in Antiviral Material Development. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2105-2128. [PMID: 32881384 PMCID: PMC7461489 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rise in human pandemics demands prudent approaches in antiviral material development for disease prevention and treatment via effective protective equipment and therapeutic strategy. However, the current state of the antiviral materials research is predominantly aligned towards drug development and its related areas, catering to the field of pharmaceutical technology. This review distinguishes the research advances in terms of innovative materials exhibiting antiviral activities that take advantage of fast-developing nanotechnology and biopolymer technology. Essential concepts of antiviral principles and underlying mechanisms are illustrated, followed with detailed descriptions of novel antiviral materials including inorganic nanomaterials, organic nanomaterials and biopolymers. The biomedical applications of the antiviral materials are also elaborated based on the specific categorization. Challenges and future prospects are discussed to facilitate the research and development of protective solutions and curative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liang
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave, N1 01a–29Singapore639798Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate ProgramNanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
| | - Ashiq Ahamed
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and EngineeringJohan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre Åbo Akademi UniversityFI-20500Turku/ÅboFinland
| | - Liya Ge
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
| | - Xiaoxu Fu
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave, N1 01a–29Singapore639798Singapore
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave, N1 01a–29Singapore639798Singapore
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
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Tian J, Qu N, Jiao X, Wang X, Geng J, Griffin N, Shan F. Methionine enkephalin inhibits influenza A virus infection through upregulating antiviral state in RAW264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 78:106032. [PMID: 31835089 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
MENK, as an immune adjuvant, has potential immune-regulatory activity on innate and adaptive immune cells. The aim of this work was to investigate the antiviral effect of MENK on influenza virus-infected murine macrophage cells (RAW264.7) and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that MENK markedly inhibited influenza A virus (H1N1) replication in pre- and post-MENK treatment, especially in pre-MENK treatment. The mechanisms exploration revealed that MENK (10 mg/mL) significantly inhibited the nucleoprotein (NP) of influenza virus and up-regulated levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-β compared with those in H1N1 control group. Further experiments confirmed that antiviral effects of MENK was associated with promotion of opioid receptor (MOR) as well as activation of NF-κB p65 inducing cellular antiviral status. The data suggest that MENK should be potential candidate for prophylactic or therapeutic treatment against H1N1 influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Na Qu
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Xue Jiao
- Department of Translational Medicine, No.4 Teaching Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jin Geng
- Department of Ophthalmology, No.1 Teaching Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Noreen Griffin
- Immune Therapeutics, Inc., 37 North Orange Avenue, Suite 607, Orlando, FL 32801, USA
| | - Fengping Shan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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7
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Schaduangrat N, Nantasenamat C, Prachayasittikul V, Shoombuatong W. Meta-iAVP: A Sequence-Based Meta-Predictor for Improving the Prediction of Antiviral Peptides Using Effective Feature Representation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225743. [PMID: 31731751 PMCID: PMC6888698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the large-scale production and widespread distribution of vaccines and antiviral drugs, viruses remain a prominent human disease. Recently, the discovery of antiviral peptides (AVPs) has become an influential antiviral agent due to their extraordinary advantages. With the avalanche of newly-found peptide sequences in the post-genomic era, there is a great demand to develop a sequence-based predictor for timely identifying AVPs as this information is very useful for both basic research and drug development. In this study, we propose a novel sequence-based meta-predictor with an effective feature representation, called Meta-iAVP, for the accurate prediction of AVPs from given peptide sequences. Herein, the effective feature representation was extracted from a set of prediction scores derived from various machine learning algorithms and types of features. To the best of our knowledge, the model proposed herein represents the first meta-based approach for the prediction of AVPs. An overall accuracy and Matthews correlation coefficient of 95.20% and 0.90, respectively, was achieved from the independent test set on an objective benchmark dataset. Comparative analysis suggested that Meta-iAVP was superior to that of existing methods and therefore represents a useful tool for AVP prediction. Finally, in an effort to facilitate high-throughput prediction of AVPs, the model was deployed as the Meta-iAVP web server and is made freely available online at http://codes.bio/meta-iavp/ where users can submit query peptide sequences for determining the likelihood of whether or not these peptides are AVPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Schaduangrat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (N.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (N.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
| | - Watshara Shoombuatong
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (N.S.); (C.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2441-4371 (ext. 2715)
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Hui DS, Ng SS. Recommended hospital preparations for future cases and outbreaks of novel influenza viruses. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 14:41-50. [PMID: 31648548 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1683448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Seasonal influenza epidemics and periodic pandemics are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Influenza transmits predominantly by respiratory droplets and fomites but opportunistic airborne transmission may occur in the hospital setting due to overcrowding, poor compliance with infection control measures, and performance of aerosol-generating procedures.Areas covered: This article reviews the risk factors of nosocomial influenza outbreaks and discusses clinical, diagnostic, and treatment aspects of seasonal and avian influenza to facilitate hospital preparations for future influenza outbreaks. Literature search was conducted through PubMed of relevant peer-reviewed full papers in English journals with inclusion of relevant publications by the WHO and US CDC.Expert opinion: Accurate and rapid identification of an influenza outbreak is important to facilitate patient care and prevent nosocomial transmission. Timely treatment with a neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) for adults hospitalized with severe influenza is associated with lower mortality and better clinical outcomes. Baloxavir, a polymerase endonuclease inhibitor, offers a new treatment alternative and its role in combination with NAI for treatment of severe influenza is being investigated. High-dose systemic corticosteroids are associated with worse outcomes in patients with severe influenza. It is important to develop more effective antiviral and immuno-modulating therapies for the treatment of influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sc Hui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna Ss Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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9
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Vilas Boas LCP, Campos ML, Berlanda RLA, de Carvalho Neves N, Franco OL. Antiviral peptides as promising therapeutic drugs. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3525-3542. [PMID: 31101936 PMCID: PMC7079787 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
While scientific advances have led to large-scale production and widespread distribution of vaccines and antiviral drugs, viruses still remain a major cause of human diseases today. The ever-increasing reports of viral resistance and the emergence and re-emergence of viral epidemics pressure the health and scientific community to constantly find novel molecules with antiviral potential. This search involves numerous different approaches, and the use of antimicrobial peptides has presented itself as an interesting alternative. Even though the number of antimicrobial peptides with antiviral activity is still low, they already show immense potential to become pharmaceutically available antiviral drugs. Such peptides can originate from natural sources, such as those isolated from mammals and from animal venoms, or from artificial sources, when bioinformatics tools are used. This review aims to shed some light on antimicrobial peptides with antiviral activities against human viruses and update the data about the already well-known peptides that are still undergoing studies, emphasizing the most promising ones that may become medicines for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Lattarulo Campos
- Centro de Análises Bioquímicas e Proteômicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Rhayfa Lorrayne Araujo Berlanda
- Centro de Análises Bioquímicas e Proteômicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Natan de Carvalho Neves
- Centro de Análises Bioquímicas e Proteômicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Universidade de Brasília, Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
- Centro de Análises Bioquímicas e Proteômicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil.
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, 79117-900, Brazil.
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Park S, Park JY, Song Y, How SH, Jung K. Emerging respiratory infections threatening public health in the Asia-Pacific region: A position paper of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology. Respirology 2019; 24:590-597. [PMID: 30985968 PMCID: PMC7169191 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In past decades, we have seen several epidemics of respiratory infections from newly emerging viruses, most of which originated in animals. These emerging infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) and avian influenza (AI) viruses, have seriously threatened global health and the economy. In particular, MERS-CoV and AI A(H7N9) are still causing infections in several areas, and some clustering of cases of A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) may imply future possible pandemics. Additionally, given the inappropriate use of antibiotics and international travel, the spread of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is also a significant concern. These infections with epidemic or pandemic potential present a persistent threat to public health and a huge burden on healthcare services in the Asia-Pacific region. Therefore, to enable efficient infection prevention and control, more effective international surveillance and collaboration systems, in the context of the 'One Health' approach, are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineHallym University Sacred Heart HospitalAnyangRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineHallym University Sacred Heart HospitalAnyangRepublic of Korea
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Soon Hin How
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kulliyyah of MedicineInternational Islamic University MalaysiaKuantanMalaysia
| | - Ki‐Suck Jung
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineHallym University Sacred Heart HospitalAnyangRepublic of Korea
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Cheng A, Hsieh SM, Pan SC, Li YH, Hsieh EF, Lee HC, Lin TW, Lai KL, Chen C, Shi-Chung Chang S, Chang SC. The safety and immunogenicity of a cell-derived adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine - A phase I randomized clinical trial. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2019; 52:685-692. [PMID: 31255574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of an efficacious egg-free mock-up H5N1 vaccine is key to our preparedness against pandemic avian flu. METHODS This is a single-center, randomized, observer-blinded phase I clinical trial evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of an alum-adjuvanted Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK)-derived inactivated whole-virion H5N1 influenza vaccine in healthy adults. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralizing antibody titers were measured using horse and turkey red blood cells (RBCs). RESULTS Thirty-six adult subjects were randomized to receive two doses of 0.5 mL of the MDCK-derived H5N1 alum-adjuvanted vaccine containing 7.5, 15, or 30 μg of hemagglutinin (HA) 21 days apart. The candidate vaccine was well tolerated and safe across the three dosing groups. The most frequent adverse event was injection site pain (46.5%). Both HAI and neutralizing antibody titers increased after each vaccination in all three dosing groups. The best HAI responses, namely a seroconversion rate of 91.7% and a geometric mean ratio of 9.51 were achieved with the HA dose of 30 μg assayed using horse RBCs at day 42. HAI titers against H5N1 avian influenza virus was significantly higher when measured using horse RBCs compared with turkey RBCs. CONCLUSIONS This Phase I trial showed the MDCK-derived H5N1 candidate vaccine is safe and immunogenic. The source of RBCs has a significant impact on the measurement of HAI titers (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01675284.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristine Cheng
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Min Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ching Pan
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Li
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Ting-Wan Lin
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Charles Chen
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Shan-Chwen Chang
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Hui DS, Chow BK, Lo T, Tsang OTY, Ko FW, Ng SS, Gin T, Chan MTV. Exhaled air dispersion during high-flow nasal cannula therapy versus CPAP via different masks. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.02339-2018. [PMID: 30705129 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02339-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is an emerging therapy for respiratory failure but the extent of exhaled air dispersion during treatment is unknown. We examined exhaled air dispersion during HFNC therapy versus continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on a human patient simulator (HPS) in an isolation room with 16 air changes·h-1. METHODS The HPS was programmed to represent different severity of lung injury. CPAP was delivered at 5-20 cmH2O via nasal pillows (Respironics Nuance Pro Gel or ResMed Swift FX) or an oronasal mask (ResMed Quattro Air). HFNC, humidified to 37°C, was delivered at 10-60 L·min-1 to the HPS. Exhaled airflow was marked with intrapulmonary smoke for visualisation and revealed by laser light-sheet. Normalised exhaled air concentration was estimated from the light scattered by the smoke particles. Significant exposure was defined when there was ≥20% normalised smoke concentration. RESULTS In the normal lung condition, mean±sd exhaled air dispersion, along the sagittal plane, increased from 186±34 to 264±27 mm and from 207±11 to 332±34 mm when CPAP was increased from 5 to 20 cmH2O via Respironics and ResMed nasal pillows, respectively. Leakage from the oronasal mask was negligible. Mean±sd exhaled air distances increased from 65±15 to 172±33 mm when HFNC was increased from 10 to 60 L·min-1. Air leakage to 620 mm occurred laterally when HFNC and the interface tube became loose. CONCLUSION Exhaled air dispersion during HFNC and CPAP via different interfaces is limited provided there is good mask interface fitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Hui
- Dept of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Benny K Chow
- Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas Lo
- Dept of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Owen T Y Tsang
- Dept of Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fanny W Ko
- Dept of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Susanna S Ng
- Dept of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tony Gin
- Dept of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Dept of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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He J, Li Z, Huang W, Guan W, Ma H, Yang ZF, Wang X. Efficacy and safety of Chou-Ling-Dan granules in the treatment of seasonal influenza via combining Western and traditional Chinese medicine: protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024800. [PMID: 30944133 PMCID: PMC6500347 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chou-Ling-Dan (CLD) (Laggerapterodonta) granules are an ethnic herbal medicine from Yunnan province of China. CLD granules have been used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and feverish diseases in China, including seasonal influenza, but few evidence-based medicine (EBM) clinical studies have been conducted to assess its efficacy and safety in the treatment of influenza. Here, we performed an EBM clinical trial combining Western Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) evaluation systems to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CLD granules in the treatment of seasonal influenza. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study is designed as a multicentre, randomised, double-blinded, double-simulation, oseltamivir-controlled and placebo-controlled, parallel-design clinical trial. Eligible subjects (n=318) will be allocated after satisfying the criteria (Western medicine). Subjects will be randomised to receive CLD granules, oseltamivir, or a placebo for 5 days of treatment and with follow-up after treatment to record symptoms and signs and to collect pharyngeal/throat swabs and serum samples for detecting the virus and antibodies. At the same time, the syndrome differentiation criteria of TCM, such as tongue body, furred tongue and type of pulse, will be recorded as determined by doctors of both Western and Chinese medicine. Participants will be instructed to comply with the protocol and to keep a daily record of symptoms. The primary and secondary outcomes and safety indicators will be used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CLD granules in the treatment of seasonal influenza based on both Western Chinese medicine and TCM evaluation systems. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The CLD granules clinical trial will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice and has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. All participants must provide written informed consent. The results obtained will be disseminated at international medical conferences and in peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02662426; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengtu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenda Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Hui DS, Leung CC. Contemporary Concise Review 2018: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis. Respirology 2019; 24:598-604. [PMID: 30929315 PMCID: PMC7169110 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David S Hui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Chiu Leung
- Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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15
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Hui DS, Peiris M. Severe acute respiratory syndrome and other emerging severe respiratory viral infections. Respirology 2019; 24:410-412. [PMID: 30730100 PMCID: PMC7169069 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David S Hui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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16
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Tan KS, Yan Y, Koh WLH, Li L, Choi H, Tran T, Sugrue R, Wang DY, Chow VT. Comparative Transcriptomic and Metagenomic Analyses of Influenza Virus-Infected Nasal Epithelial Cells From Multiple Individuals Reveal Specific Nasal-Initiated Signatures. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2685. [PMID: 30487780 PMCID: PMC6246735 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo research based on cell lines and animals are likely to be insufficient in elucidating authentic biological and physiological phenomena mimicking human systems, especially for generating pre-clinical data on targets and biomarkers. There is an obvious need for a model that can further bridge the gap in translating pre-clinical findings into clinical applications. We have previously generated a model of in vitro differentiated human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) which elucidated the nasal-initiated repertoire of immune responses against respiratory viruses such as influenza A virus and rhinovirus. To assess their clinical utility, we performed a microarray analysis of influenza virus-infected hNECs to elucidate nasal epithelial-initiated responses. This was followed by a metagenomic analysis which revealed transcriptomic changes comparable with clinical influenza datasets. The primary target of influenza infection was observed to be the initiator of innate and adaptive immune genes, leaning toward type-1 inflammatory activation. In addition, the model also elucidated a down-regulation of metabolic processes specific to the nasal epithelium, and not present in other models. Furthermore, the hNEC model detected all 11 gene signatures unique to influenza infection identified from a previous study, thus supporting the utility of nasal-based diagnosis in clinical settings. In conclusion, this study highlights that hNECs can serve as a model for nasal-based clinical translational studies and diagnosis to unravel nasal epithelial responses to influenza in the population, and as a means to identify novel molecular diagnostic markers of severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wai Ling Hiromi Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thai Tran
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard Sugrue
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincent T Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Kim JH, Kwon JH, Lee JY, Lee JS, Ryu JM, Kim SH, Lim KS, Kim WY. Clinical features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae coinfection and need for its testing in influenza pneumonia patients. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:6118-6127. [PMID: 30622783 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.10.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the clinical features of coinfection due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae), a common copathogen in influenza, in influenza pneumonia patients. Methods We reviewed 4,465 patients with influenza who visited a tertiary care hospital emergency department in Seoul (Korea) from 2010 through 2016, and underwent immunoglobulin M (IgM) serology or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for M. pneumoniae. Influenza pneumonia was defined as laboratory-confirmed influenza plus radiographic pneumonia. Patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia or non-mycoplasma bacterial coinfection were excluded. Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings and outcomes of the influenza pneumonia patients with and without M. pneumoniae coinfection were compared. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the coinfection. Results Of 244 influenza pneumonia patients, 41 (16.8%) had M. pneumoniae coinfection. These patients were younger with a higher frequency of age of 5-10 years, and had higher white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte counts; lower concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP). The coinfection had no association with specific radiographic findings and poor outcome. Multivariable analysis showed the age of 5-10 years (adjusted odds ratio, 18.83; 95% confidence interval, 5.899-60.08; P<0.001) as the factor associated with the coinfection. Conclusions M. pneumoniae coinfection in influenza pneumonia may be associated with the age of 5-10 years, and otherwise clinically indistinct from influenza pneumonia without the coinfection. This finding suggests the need for M. pneumoniae testing in patients aged 5-10 years with influenza pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Heon Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kwon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Seung Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Ryu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Young Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Clinical and demographic characteristics of influenza b outbreak in Erzincan province of Turkey. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.437319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Sun X, Song L, Feng S, Li L, Yu H, Wang Q, Wang X, Hou Z, Li X, Li Y, Zhang Q, Li K, Cui C, Wu J, Qin Z, Wu Q, Chen H. Fatty Acid Metabolism is Associated With Disease Severity After H7N9 Infection. EBioMedicine 2018; 33:218-229. [PMID: 29941340 PMCID: PMC6085509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human infections with the H7N9 virus could lead to lung damage and even multiple organ failure, which is closely associated with a high mortality rate. However, the metabolic basis of such systemic alterations remains unknown. METHODS This study included hospitalized patients (n = 4) with laboratory-confirmed H7N9 infection, healthy controls (n = 9), and two disease control groups comprising patients with pneumonia (n = 9) and patients with pneumonia who received steroid treatment (n = 10). One H7N9-infected patient underwent lung biopsy for histopathological analysis and expression analysis of genes associated with lung homeostasis. H7N9-induced systemic alterations were investigated using metabolomic analysis of sera collected from the four patients by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Chest digital radiography and laboratory tests were also conducted. FINDINGS Two of the four patients did not survive the clinical treatments with antiviral medication, steroids, and oxygen therapy. Biopsy revealed disrupted expression of genes associated with lung epithelial integrity. Histopathological analysis demonstrated severe lung inflammation after H7N9 infection. Metabolomic analysis indicated that fatty acid metabolism may be inhibited during H7N9 infection. Serum levels of palmitic acid, erucic acid, and phytal may negatively correlate with the extent of lung inflammation after H7N9 infection. The changes in fatty acid levels may not be due to steroid treatment or pneumonia. INTERPRETATION Altered structural and secretory properties of the lung epithelium may be associated with the severity of H7N9-infection-induced lung disease. Moreover, fatty acid metabolism level may predict a fatal outcome after H7N9 virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lijia Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongzhi Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qiaoxing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhili Hou
- Department of Tuberculosis, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Kuan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chao Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Junping Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhonghua Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, China.
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20
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Pillai AK, Bhatti Z, Bosserman AJ, Mathew MC, Vaidehi K, Kalva SP. Management of vascular complications of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2018; 8:372-377. [PMID: 30057883 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2018.01.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a well-established treatment for cardiopulmonary failure. Based on the requirement for cardiac and or respiratory support different configurations of ECMO circuits are utilized. Vascular complication of ECMO constitutes the most important determinant of treatment outcomes. The complications are primarily related to limb ischemia, vascular injury, hemorrhage, and infection. Endovascular and surgical treatment options are the cornerstone for managing vascular complications of ECMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Pillai
- Health Science Center, University of Texas, Houston, USA
| | - Zagum Bhatti
- Health Science Center, University of Texas, Houston, USA
| | | | - Manoj C Mathew
- Health Science Center, University of Texas, Houston, USA
| | - Kaza Vaidehi
- Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Houston, USA
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21
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Sankar S, Ramamurthy M, Suganya S, Nandagopal B, Sridharan G. Design of peptide epitope from the neuraminidase protein of influenza A and influenza B towards short peptide vaccine development. Bioinformation 2018; 14:183-189. [PMID: 30108413 PMCID: PMC6077822 DOI: 10.6026/97320630014183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses A and B are important human respiratory pathogens causing seasonal, endemic and pandemic infections in several parts of the globe with high morbidity and considerable mortality. The current inactivated and live attenuated vaccines are not effective. Therefore, it is of interest to design universal influenza virus vaccines with high efficacy. The peptide GQSVVSVKLAGNSSL of pandemic influenza, the peptide DKTSVTLAGNSSLCS of seasonal influenza and the peptide DILLKFSPTEITAPT of influenza B were identified as potential linear cell mediated epitopes. The epitopes predicted by BepiPred (B-cell epitope designer) program was subjected to docking experiment-using HexDock and CABS dock programs. The epitopes of pandemic H1N1 influenza A gave similar score of high affinity in docking. The epitope DKTSVTLAGNSSLCS of seasonal influenza A and epitope DILLKFSPTEITAPT of influenza B had high binding energy. It is further observed that the peptides GQSVVSVKLAGNSSL (pandemic influenza), DKTSVTLAGNSSLCS (seasonal influenza) DILLKFSPTEITAPT (influenza B) are found to interact with some known MHC class II alleles. These peptides have high-affinity binding with known MHC class II alleles. Thus, they have the potential to elicit cell immune response. These vaccines have to be further evaluated in animal models and human volunteers. These findings have application in the development of peptide B-cell epitope vaccines against influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Sankar
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore - 632055, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mageshbabu Ramamurthy
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore - 632055, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Suganya
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore - 632055, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Nandagopal
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore - 632055, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopalan Sridharan
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore - 632055, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Waterer G. Respiratory infections in the Asia-Pacific region: Problems and cautious optimism. Respirology 2017; 23:248-249. [PMID: 29266618 PMCID: PMC7169074 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant Waterer
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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23
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Hui DSC, Lee N, Chan PKS. A clinical approach to the threat of emerging influenza viruses in the Asia-Pacific region. Respirology 2017; 22:1300-1312. [PMID: 28677861 PMCID: PMC7169066 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza epidemics and periodic pandemics are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Patients with chronic co‐morbid illness, those at the extremes of age and pregnant women are at higher risks of complications requiring hospitalization, whereas young adults and obese individuals were also at increased risk during the A(H1N1) pandemic in 2009. Avian influenza A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) viruses have continued to circulate widely in some poultry populations and infect humans sporadically since 1997 and 2013, respectively. The recent upsurge in human cases of A(H7N9) infections in Mainland China is of great concern. Sporadic human cases of avian A(H5N6), A(H10N8) and A(H6N1) have also emerged in recent years while there are also widespread poultry outbreaks due to A(H5N8) in many countries. Observational studies have shown that treatment with a neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) for adults hospitalized with severe influenza is associated with lower mortality and better clinical outcomes, especially when administered early in the course of illness. Whether higher than standard doses of NAI would provide greater antiviral effects in such patients will require further investigation. High‐dose systemic corticosteroids were associated with worse outcomes in patients with severe influenza. There is an urgent need for developing more effective antiviral therapies for treatment of influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S C Hui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Nelson Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Paul K S Chan
- Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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