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Demirchyan A, Mozalevskis A, Sahakyan S, Musheghyan L, Aslanyan L, Muradyan D, Sargsyants N, Ghukasyan G, Petrosyan V. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus and Factors Associated with It in Armenia, 2021. Viruses 2024; 16:1446. [PMID: 39339922 PMCID: PMC11437486 DOI: 10.3390/v16091446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is among the leading causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Knowledge of its prevalence and risk factors can help to effectively fight the virus. This study was the first to investigate the seroprevalence of HCV, its genotypes, and factors associated with it among the general adult population of Armenia selected countrywide via cluster sampling. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected using third-generation immunoassay. Polymerase chain reaction and genotyping was performed among anti-HCV-positive individuals. Shortly after testing, the participants underwent a telephone survey. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with anti-HCV antibody positivity and chronic HCV infection. The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies among 3831 tested individuals was 2% (99% CI 1.4, 2.5), and chronic HCV infection was 0.7% (99% CI 0.4, 1.0), with genotypes 3 and 2 being the most common. The risk factors for chronic HCV infection included self-reported chronic liver disease (95% CI 1.47, 15.28), having tattoos (95% CI 1.34, 10.94), ever smoking (95% CI 1.16, 9.18), and testing positive for hepatitis B virus core antibody (95% CI 1.02, 7.17). These risk factors demonstrate that there could be room for strengthening infection control measures to prevent the transmission of HCV in Armenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahit Demirchyan
- Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, 40 Marshal Baghramyan Ave., Yerevan 0019, Armenia; (S.S.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (D.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Antons Mozalevskis
- Global HIV, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Programmes, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Serine Sahakyan
- Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, 40 Marshal Baghramyan Ave., Yerevan 0019, Armenia; (S.S.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (D.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Lusine Musheghyan
- Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, 40 Marshal Baghramyan Ave., Yerevan 0019, Armenia; (S.S.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (D.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Lusine Aslanyan
- Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, 40 Marshal Baghramyan Ave., Yerevan 0019, Armenia; (S.S.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (D.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Diana Muradyan
- Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, 40 Marshal Baghramyan Ave., Yerevan 0019, Armenia; (S.S.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (D.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Narina Sargsyants
- National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Republic of Armenia, Yerevan 0051, Armenia;
| | - Gayane Ghukasyan
- World Health Organization Country Office in Armenia, Yerevan 0015, Armenia;
| | - Varduhi Petrosyan
- Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, 40 Marshal Baghramyan Ave., Yerevan 0019, Armenia; (S.S.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (D.M.); (V.P.)
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Çumashi R, Mone I, Burazeri G, Çela L, Mechili EA, Qirjako G. Prevalence and Sociodemographic Correlates of Smoking among Schoolchildren in Albania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1145. [PMID: 39338029 PMCID: PMC11431711 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21091145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Smoking among children remains a critical public health issue, with millions of minors engaging in tobacco use, leading to addiction and long-term health consequences. Our objective was to assess the prevalence and sociodemographic distribution of smoking habits among Albanian children. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Albania in 2022, including a nationwide representative sample of 5454 schoolchildren aged 11, 13, and 15 years (N = 5454; ≈52% girls; response rate: 96%). Data on smoking habits were gathered, along with sociodemographic factors of schoolchildren. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the associations of smoking variables with sociodemographic factors. The prevalence of smoking variables was 12% for lifetime cigarette smoking, 7% for current cigarette smoking, 20% for lifetime smoking of e-cigarettes, and 13% for current smoking of e-cigarettes. Independent positive correlates of both cigarette and e-cigarette smoking included male gender, age 15, and pertinence to more affluent families (all p < 0.01). The prevalence of smoking among Albanian children is seemingly high, which should be a cause of serious concern to decisionmakers and policymakers in this transitional country. Albania should immediately consider the implementation of expanded comprehensive tobacco control measures, which will save lives, reduce illness, and help reduce the economic burden associated with tobacco-related illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudina Çumashi
- Institute of Public Health, Rr. "Aleksander Moisiu", No. 80, P.O. Box 1005 Tirana, Albania
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Rr. "Dibres", No. 371, P.O. Box 1005 Tirana, Albania
| | - Iris Mone
- Department of Biomedical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Rr. "Dibres", No. 371, P.O. Box 1005 Tirana, Albania
| | - Genc Burazeri
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Rr. "Dibres", No. 371, P.O. Box 1005 Tirana, Albania
- Department of International Health, CAPHRI (Care and Public Health Research Institute), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lulzim Çela
- University Hospital Center "Mother Teresa", Rr. "Dibres", No. 370, P.O. Box 1005 Tirana, Albania
| | - Enkeleint A Mechili
- Department of Healthcare, Faculty of Health, University of Vlora, P.O. Box 9401 Vlora, Albania
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Gentiana Qirjako
- Institute of Public Health, Rr. "Aleksander Moisiu", No. 80, P.O. Box 1005 Tirana, Albania
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Rr. "Dibres", No. 371, P.O. Box 1005 Tirana, Albania
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Charrier L, Vieno A, Canale N, Ter Bogt T, Comoretto RI, Koumantakis E, Lenzi M, Berchialla P. Can we predict adolescent cannabis use? A Bayesian semi-parametric approach to project future trends. Addict Behav 2024; 154:108009. [PMID: 38479080 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Despite its decrease in many Western countries, cannabis remains the most used illicit substance among adolescents. This study aims to summarize cannabis consumption during the last two decades and project trends among 15-year-olds in the 2021-22 HBSC survey. A Bayesian semi-parametric hierarchical model was adopted to estimate the trend of cannabis consumption using data of about 287,000 adolescents from the 2001/2002 to the 2017/2018 HBSC wave and the 38 countries that met the inclusion criteria. Data show an overall decline in most countries for both boys and girls. However, in 22 countries of 38 cannabis use is expected to increase again in our projection. The discussion of these findings should take into account cultural, policy, social factors and unpredictable events such as the Covid-19 pandemic, that can significantly impact future trends leading to discrepancies between the projected and observed values. However, these discrepancies can provide insight into understanding the potential impact of preventive strategies and the underlying processes responsible for changes in cannabis use over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Natale Canale
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Tom Ter Bogt
- Utrecht University, Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Michela Lenzi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, University of Turin, Italy.
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MOUTAWAKKIL SG, EL-AMMARI A, EL MALKI H, RAGALA MEA, EL RHAZI K, ZARROUQ B. Prevalence of Tobacco Products' Use and Associated Factors Among Adolescents in Morocco: A Systematic Review. SUBSTANCE USE : RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2024; 18:29768357241272370. [PMID: 39175911 PMCID: PMC11339743 DOI: 10.1177/29768357241272370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Tobacco use is the major preventable cause of premature death worldwide, responsible for about 8 million deaths per year, mostly in low- and middle-income countries, such as Morocco. Adolescents' tobacco use is a matter of concern, because early initiation increases the risk of becoming a lifelong user. There exists a notable gap in the synthesis of evidence concerning tobacco use among Moroccan adolescents. Thus, the purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive view of the prevalence of tobacco products' use and associated factors among adolescents in Morocco. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect for relevant studies reporting prevalence rates of tobacco products' use among Moroccan adolescents, published until June 2024, using inclusion and exclusion criteria in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Additional searches were completed on other sources to reach unpublished reports. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the quality of included studies. Results After the final screening, 22 papers met the inclusion criteria. Life-time prevalence of tobacco use ranged from 7.8% to 20.4% for cigarettes smoking, from 10.6% to 21.9% for waterpipe, from 7.9% to 9.1% for chewing tobacco and from 9.2% to 12.4% for snuff. The last 12-month prevalence of cigarette smoking was comprised between 6.9% and 10.8%. As for the prevalence of current use, ranges of (1.8%-16.4%) and (4.9%-8.4%) were noted for cigarettes and waterpipe, respectively. The most commonly highlighted risk factors for tobacco use included male sex, older age, having friends or family members who use tobacco and low perception of risk associated with tobacco use. Conclusion Our findings reveal an alarming situation of tobacco use among Moroccan adolescents. Therefore, it is crucial that all stakeholders engage in concerted efforts to develop and implement evidence-based preventive interventions among early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Ghofrane MOUTAWAKKIL
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdelfettah EL-AMMARI
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hicham EL MALKI
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Amine RAGALA
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
- Department of Biology and Geology, Teacher’s Training College (Ecole Normale Supérieure), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Karima EL RHAZI
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Btissame ZARROUQ
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
- Department of Biology and Geology, Teacher’s Training College (Ecole Normale Supérieure), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
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Koumantakis E, Comoretto RI, Dalmasso P, Bersia M, Lemma P, Lazzeri G, Nardone P, Vieno A, Galeotti T, Berchialla P, Charrier L. Risk Behaviors among Migrant Adolescents in Italy. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1816. [PMID: 38002907 PMCID: PMC10670227 DOI: 10.3390/children10111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for engaging in health risk behaviors. Migrant adolescents may face unique challenges due to acculturation stress. This study aims to monitor substance use and problem gambling among migrant adolescents living in Italy. Data from the 2017/18 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey in Italy were analyzed. The 18,794 participants included 15-year-olds, categorized as native or migrants, with ethnic backgrounds from Western, Eastern European, or non-Western/non-European countries. Girls had higher smoking rates, while boys exhibited higher prevalence of alcohol-related risk behaviors, cannabis use, and gambling. Boys from Eastern European countries displayed a greater risk of drunkenness (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.06-2.37), particularly in the first generation, while those from Western countries showed a higher risk of multiple substance use (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.05-1.96). Girls from Eastern European and non-Western/non-European countries had a lower risk of alcohol consumption (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29-0.85; OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33-0.91, respectively). Finally, boys, especially those from Eastern European and non-Western/non-European countries, had a significantly higher risk of problem gambling (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.04-3.22; OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.29-3.42, respectively). This disparity was more pronounced in the first generation, possibly due to acculturation challenges and socio-economic factors. Risk behaviors in adolescents are influenced by complex interplays of gender, cultural factors, and migration generation. Preventive strategies should consider these factors to effectively address substance use and gambling in this heterogeneous population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Koumantakis
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Michela Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lemma
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lazzeri
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Nardone
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Galeotti
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Choi SH, Stommel M, Broman C, Raheb-Rauckis C. Age of Smoking Initiation in Relation to Multiple Health Risk Factors among US Adult Smokers: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Data (2006-2018). Behav Med 2023; 49:312-319. [PMID: 35465849 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2022.2060930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The adverse effects of multiple health risk factors have been well-documented; however, still understudied are the effects of early smoking in the context of multiple health risk factors. This study aimed to examine the role of early smoking initiation in relation to several health risk factors, including heavy drinking, physical inactivity, and obesity in later life among ever smokers in the USA. The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data from 2006 through 2018 were analyzed. The primary dependent variables were presence of three other risk factors: heavy drinking, physical inactivity, and obesity. The independent variable was the age of smoking initiation. Logit regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between smoking initiation and multiple health risk factors. All analyses were done in 2022. Among US adult smokers, 18.2% started smoking before age 15 (early initiators), 55.9% at ages 15-18 (middle initiators), and 25.9% at age 20 or later (late initiators). Compared to late smoking initiators, the odds of engaging in additional health risk factors increased by 37.3% among early initiators (OR = 1.373, 95% CI = 1.316, 1.432) and 7.7% among middle initiators (OR = 1.077, 95% CI= 1.041, 1.116). Additionally, current smoking was associated with higher odds (OR = 1.369, 95% CI = 1.322, 1.417) of having additional health risk factors compared to former smoking, with one exception: current smokers had lower odds of obesity (OR = 0.566, 95% CI = 0.537, 0.597). Tobacco control programs to prevent adolescents from initiating smoking may have the potential to prevent other health risk factors in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Choi
- College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Manfred Stommel
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Clifford Broman
- Department of Sociology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Charrier L, Bersia M, Vieno A, Comoretto RI, Štelemėkas M, Nardone P, Baška T, Dalmasso P, Berchialla P. Forecasting Frequent Alcohol Use among Adolescents in HBSC Countries: A Bayesian Framework for Making Predictions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052737. [PMID: 35270429 PMCID: PMC8910627 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
(1) Aim: To summarize alcohol trends in the last 30 years (1985/6–2017/8) among 15-year-olds in Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) countries (overall sample size: 413,399 adolescents; 51.55% girls) and to forecast the potential evolution in the upcoming 2021/22 HBSC survey. (2) Methods: Using 1986–2018 prevalence data on weekly alcohol consumption among 15-year-olds related to 40 HBSC countries/regions, a Bayesian semi-parametric hierarchical model was adopted to estimate trends making a clusterization of the countries, and to give estimates for the 2022 HBSC survey. (3) Results: An overall declining trend in alcohol consumption was observed over time in almost all the countries. However, compared to 2014, some countries showed a new increase in 2018 and 2021/22 estimates forecast a slight increase in the majority of countries, pointing out a potential bounce after a decreasing period in frequent drinking habits. (4) Conclusions: The clusterization suggested a homogenization of consumption habits among HBSC countries. The comparison between 2022 observed and expected data could be helpful to investigate the effect of risk behaviour determinants, including the pandemic impact, occurring between the last two waves of the survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.C.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Michela Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.C.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
- Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Irene Comoretto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.C.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-6322
| | - Mindaugas Štelemėkas
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paola Nardone
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Tibor Baška
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.C.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
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Identifying Cardiovascular Risk Profiles Clusters among Mediterranean Adolescents across Seven Countries. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020268. [PMID: 35206882 PMCID: PMC8872068 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally and are partially due to the inability to control modifiable lifestyle risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the profiles of adolescents from seven Mediterranean countries (Greece, Israel, Italy, Macedonia, Malta, Portugal, Spain) according to their modifiable lifestyle risk factors for CVD (overweight/obesity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption). The sample consisted of 26,110 adolescents (52.3% girls) aged 11, 13, and 15 years who participated in the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in 2018 across the seven countries. Sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, country of residence, socioeconomic status) and CVD modifiable lifestyle risk factors (overweight/obesity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption) were recorded. A two-step cluster analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and chi-square test were performed. Four different cluster groups were identified: two low-risk groups (64.46%), with risk among those with low physical activity levels; moderate-risk group (14.83%), with two risk factors (unhealthy weight and low physical activity level); and a high-risk group (20.7%), which presented risk in all modifiable lifestyle risk factors. Older adolescents reported a higher likelihood of being in the high-risk group. Given that the adolescence period constitutes an important time for interventions aimed at CVD prevention, identifying profiles of moderate- and high-risk adolescents is crucial.
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Li D, Yang R, Hu J, Xue Y, Huang X, Wan Y, Fang J, Zhang S. Patterns of six behaviors and psychosomatic symptoms in adolescents: A six-province study in China. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:593-601. [PMID: 34718040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosomatic symptoms are often related with behaviors. However, the association between different behaviors and their latent patterns and psychosomatic health status is unclear. Current study aimed to identify the patterns of six behaviors and explore the association between different patterns and psychosomatic symptoms in a school-based sample of Chinese adolescents. METHODS From November 2015 to January 2016, the study enrolled 22,628 students from six cities in China (15.36 ± 1.79 years). Six behaviors [unintentional injury (UI), non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal behaviors (SB), drinking, smoking, screen time (ST)] and psychosomatic symptoms (psychological and physical symptoms) were measured by self-report validated questionnaires. RESULTS Six behaviors were all related to psychosomatic symptoms, among which SB was the strongest. Four patterns of behaviors were be identified as follows: low-risk pattern (64.0%), substance use pattern (4.5%), injury pattern (28.8%) and high-risk pattern (2.7%). Logistic regression analysis of psychological symptoms indicated that compared with low-risk pattern, high-risk pattern had the highest risk, followed by injury pattern, substance use pattern showed the lowest risk. Compared with low-risk pattern, the results of physical symptoms suggested the degree of risk was high-risk pattern, injury pattern and substance use pattern, respectively. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional data were used in the study that could not evaluate causal relationships between six behaviors and psychosomatic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Six behaviors and their latent patterns are related to psychosomatic symptoms among Chinese adolescents differently, so different intervention and prevention protocol need to be taken for different patterns of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health across Life Cycle/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, and Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China; School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou industrial park, 199th Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Rong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health across Life Cycle/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, and Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44th Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250000, PR China
| | - Jie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health across Life Cycle/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, and Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Yanni Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health across Life Cycle/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, and Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Xuexue Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health across Life Cycle/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, and Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health across Life Cycle/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, and Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Jun Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health across Life Cycle/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, and Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Shichen Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health across Life Cycle/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, and Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Anhui Medical College, No 632 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China.
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Bartholomew R, Kerry-Barnard S, Beckley-Hoelscher N, Phillips R, Reid F, Fleming C, Lesniewska A, Yoward F, Oakeshott P. Alcohol use, cigarette smoking, vaping and number of sexual partners: A cross-sectional study of sexually active, ethnically diverse, inner city adolescents. Health Expect 2021; 24:1009-1014. [PMID: 33774898 PMCID: PMC8235897 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Context There are few UK data on the prevalence and clustering of risky behaviours in ethnically diverse adolescents. Objectives To investigate the prevalence of reported alcohol use, smoking and vaping, and explore whether these behaviours are associated with increased numbers of sexual partners. Design Questionnaire survey of ‘Test n Treat’ chlamydia screening trial participants. Setting and participants Sexually active students attending six London technical colleges completed confidential questionnaires and provided genitourinary samples. Results The median age of the 509 participants was 17 years (IQR: 16‐18), 47% were male, 50% were of black ethnicity, 55% reported ≥2 sexual partners in the past year (67% of males and 45% of females) and 6.2% had chlamydia infection and 0.6% gonorrhoea. Almost half (48%) reported getting drunk in the past month, 33% smoked cigarettes and 7% had ever vaped. A larger percentage of students with ≥2 sexual partners than 0‐1 partners reported getting drunk in the past month (53.7%, 144/268% versus 42.2% 94/223, adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.11‐1.61) and smoking cigarettes (36.6%, 100/273% versus 30.2%, 67/222, 1.34 (1.05‐1.70)). By contrast, multiple sexual partners were not associated with vaping or chlamydia infection, but numbers were small. Conclusions We found high prevalences of risky behaviour and an association between multiple sexual partners and smoking and/or getting drunk. Findings support the introduction of compulsory sex and relationship education in UK secondary schools, including information about the adverse effects of alcohol and smoking. Public contribution Participants helped with study design, conduct and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Bartholomew
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Kerry-Barnard
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Rachel Phillips
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fiona Reid
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Fleming
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Agata Lesniewska
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Freya Yoward
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Pippa Oakeshott
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
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11
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Previsit Multidomain Psychosocial Screening Tools for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:449-459. [PMID: 33221191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence and young adulthood constitute a period when exploratory behaviors can evolve into risky behaviors. Most causes of adolescent ill health are preventable; therefore, it is a priority to detect them early before they turn into health problems. Previsit multidomain psychosocial screening tools are used by professionals to detect and prioritize potentially problematic issues. In conjunction with appropriate clinician training, these tools have improved clinician screening rates in several areas of adolescent health. This article reviews existing multidomain previsit psychosocial screening tools developed in the 21st century and describes their characteristics using a systematic methodology. We reviewed 10,623 records to identify 15 different tools in use since 2000 and described their characteristics. Results show that all tools were developed in high-income countries. The tools provide sufficient coverage of many psychosocial domains relevant to young people's health. However, some psychosocial domains such as screen use and strengths are seldomly addressed. Furthermore, the tools rarely focus on young adults as a target population. Future research should assess the effectiveness, acceptability, and psychometric properties of validated psychosocial screening tools and examine how to expand their use in low- and middle-income countries.
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12
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Kilibarda B, Gudelj Rakic J, Mitov Scekic S, Krstev S. Smoking as a weight control strategy of Serbian adolescents. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:1319-1329. [PMID: 32880039 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective is to determine association of age, gender, BMI, body image (body satisfaction, body appearance), depression, unhealthy weight control behaviors with smoking among Serbian adolescents and specifically association of these variables with smoking for weight control among adolescent smokers. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of data collected from 2763 students aged 13-15 years old (49.9% boys; 50.1% girls) obtained through cross-sectional Health Behavior in School-aged Children Survey conducted in Serbia in 2018 and analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS In Serbia, 12.9% adolescents 13-15 years old smoke and 6.6% smoke for weight control, while this practice was present among 48.8% of the smokers. Higher odds of smoking were found among adolescents who perceive themselves thin and good looking, while these two factors didn't play role for the smoking for weight control among smokers. Depression and unhealthy weight control behavior other than smoking significantly predicted smoking and smoking for weight control. Gender was not associated with smoking in adolescents, but among adolescent smokers, boys had two times higher chance compared to girls to report smoking for weight control. CONCLUSIONS Findings call for incorporating and strengthening interventions for adolescents' weight control management and mental health as part of smoking prevention and cessation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Kilibarda
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut", 5 Dr Subotica Street, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Gudelj Rakic
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut", 5 Dr Subotica Street, Belgrade, Serbia
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13
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Tesler R, Kolobov T, Korn L, Shuval K, Levin-Zamir D, Marques A, Harel Fisch Y. Trends in Tobacco Use among Children and Adolescents in Israel, 1998-2015. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1354. [PMID: 32093167 PMCID: PMC7068612 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to measure trends in cigarette smoking among children and adolescents in Israel, focusing on school grade, sex, and ethnicity. We hypothesized that smoking would be higher among boys and Arab-Israelis, rates would grow with age, and there would be a decline over time. METHODS Data were derived from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children study between 1998 and 2015 in Israel. The total sample included 56,513 students in grades 6, 8, and 10, with 29,411 girls and 27,102 boys. Descriptive analysis described trends of smoking behavior according to grade, sex, ethnicity, family affluence, and year of study. multivariate logistic regression analysis examined predicting variables. RESULTS Smoking was higher among boys in all grades, ethnic groups, and years of study, with the highest frequencies among Arab-Israelis. Trends over the years show a decline from 1998 to 2004, followed by an increase for both sexes. The increase was more prominent among girls. Logistic regression analysis revealed strong associations between smoking and grade, sex, ethnicity, and year of study. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study can significantly enhance the development and implementation of smoking prevention and control programs among students in Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Tesler
- The Department of Health Systems Management, Ariel University, Ariel 4076405, Israel;
| | - Tanya Kolobov
- School of Education, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (T.K.); (Y.H.F.)
| | - Liat Korn
- The Department of Health Systems Management, Ariel University, Ariel 4076405, Israel;
| | - Kerem Shuval
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (K.S.); (D.L.-Z.)
| | - Diane Levin-Zamir
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (K.S.); (D.L.-Z.)
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Clalit Health Services, 101 Arlozorov St. Tel Aviv 62098, Israel
| | - Adilson Marques
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal;
| | - Yossi Harel Fisch
- School of Education, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (T.K.); (Y.H.F.)
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14
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Radaeli A, Nardin M, Azzolina D, Malerba M. Determinants of Smoking Status in a Sample of Outpatients Afferent to a Tertiary Referral Hospital. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214136. [PMID: 31717846 PMCID: PMC6862272 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The identification of determinants of attempts to quit smoking and quitting smoking success is crucial for effective smoking prevention and/or cessation programs. Thus, here we have conducted a survey to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of tobacco use and the potential determinants of quitting smoking among a population of 140 subjects—101 smokers and 39 ex-smokers—referred to our clinic for respiratory diseases. Subject characteristics included demographic data, employment and education status, respiratory disease family history, smoking habits, life habits, diet, alcohol intake, and physical activity. In comparison with former smokers, active smokers were younger, lived with at least one smoking family member, and were more frequently exposed to passive smoke. They also displayed a higher coffee consumption, a higher frequency of in-between-meal snacks, and a lower chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence. In comparison with subjects who had never attempted to quit smoking, individuals who had attempted to quit smoking were younger, had a lower pack-year median, consumed a higher amount of coffee and alcohol, and conducted regular physical activity. Determinants of successful smoking cessation were older age, lower passive smoking exposure and daily coffee intake, and COPD diagnosis. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of health education in fostering successful smoking cessation in respiratory disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Radaeli
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Emergency, University, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Matteo Nardin
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Internal Medicine, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Danila Azzolina
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Mario Malerba
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Cho HW. Smoking Gun: Days of Wine and Roses. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019; 10:263-264. [PMID: 31673486 PMCID: PMC6816355 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.5.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Wol Cho
- Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
- College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
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