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Wang H, Zhao R, Peng L, Yu A, Wang Y. A Dual-Function CD47-Targeting Nano-Drug Delivery System Used to Regulate Immune and Anti-Inflammatory Activities in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400752. [PMID: 38794825 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a primary contributor to cardiovascular disease. Current studies have highlighted the association between the immune system, particularly immune cells, and atherosclerosis, although treatment options and clinical trials remain scarce. Immunotherapy for cardiovascular disease is still in its infancy. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), widely expressed in various immune cells, represents a promising therapeutic target for atherosclerosis by modulating the anti-inflammatory function of immune cells. This study introduces a polydopamine-based nanocarrier system to deliver the BTK inhibitor, ibrutinib, to atherosclerotic plaques with an active targeting property via an anti-CD47 antibody. Leveraging polydopamine's pH-sensitive reversible disassembly, the system offers responsive, controlled release within the pathologic microenvironment. This allows precise and efficient ibrutinib delivery, concurrently inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pathway in B cells and the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages within the plaques. This treatment also modulates both the immune cell microenvironment and inflammatory conditions in atherosclerotic lesions, thereby conveying promising therapeutic effects for atherosclerosis in vivo. This strategy also provides a novel option for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Runze Zhao
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ao Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongjian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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2
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Khan A, Zia K, Khan SA, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Bibi M, Ul-Haq Z. Identification of IL-2 inducible tyrosine kinase inhibitors by quantum mechanics and ligand based virtual screening approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3630-3640. [PMID: 37216319 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2214220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) is a crucial intracellular signaling mediator in normal and malignant T-cells and natural killer cells. Selective inhibition of ITK might be useful for treating a variety of disorders including; autoimmune, inflammatory, and neoplastic disorders. Over the past two decades, the clinical management of ITK inhibitors has progressed dramatically. So far, specific inhibitor with no off-target effects against ITK is available. Herein, we aim to discover potential virtual hits to fasten the process of drug design and development against ITK. In this regard, the key chemical characteristics of ITK inhibitors were identified using ligand-based pharmacophore modeling. The validated pharmacophore comprises one hydrogen bond donor and three hydrogen bond acceptors and was utilized as a 3D query in virtual screening using ZINC, Covalent, and in-house databases. A total of 12 hit compounds were chosen on the basis of their critical interactions with the significant amino acids of ITK. The orbital energies such as HOMO and LUMO of the hit compounds were calculated to evaluate the inhibitor's potencies. Further, molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated the stability of ITK upon binding of selected virtual hits. Binding energy using the MMGBSA method showed the potential binding affinity of all the hits with ITK. The research identifies key chemical characteristics with geometric restrictions that lead to ITK inhibition.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamgir Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Komal Zia
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Salman Ali Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- National Center for Research, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marium Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Panbhare K, Pandey R, Chauhan C, Sinha A, Shukla R, Kaundal RK. Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Stroke Pathobiology: Current Therapeutic Avenues and Future Perspective. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:31-55. [PMID: 38118278 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key pathophysiological feature of stroke-associated brain injury. A local innate immune response triggers neuroinflammation following a stroke via activating inflammasomes. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been heavily implicated in stroke pathobiology. Following a stroke, several stimuli have been suggested to trigger the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Recent studies have advanced the understanding and revealed several new players regulating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation. This article discussed recent advancements in NLRP3 assembly and highlighted stroke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction as a major checkpoint to regulating NLRP3 activation. The NLRP3 inflammasome activation leads to caspase-1-dependent maturation and release of IL-1β, IL-18, and gasdermin D. In addition, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and downstream signaling has been shown to attenuate brain infarction and improve the neurological outcome in experimental models of stroke. Several drug-like small molecules targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome are in different phases of development as novel therapeutics for various inflammatory conditions, including stroke. Understanding how these molecules interfere with NLRP3 inflammasome assembly is paramount for their better optimization and/or development of newer NLRP3 inhibitors. In this review, we summarized the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome and discussed the recent advances in understanding the upstream regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation following stroke. Additionally, we critically examined the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated signaling in stroke pathophysiology and the development of therapeutic modalities to target the NLRP3 inflammasome-related signaling for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Panbhare
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Rukmani Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Chandan Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Antarip Sinha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Ravinder K Kaundal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
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Liang P, Wu Y, Qu S, Younis M, Wang W, Wu Z, Huang X. Exploring the biomarkers and potential therapeutic drugs for sepsis via integrated bioinformatic analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:32. [PMID: 38166628 PMCID: PMC10763157 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by an excessive inflammatory response to an infection, associated with high mortality. However, the regulatory mechanism of sepsis remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, bioinformatics analysis revealed the novel key biomarkers associated with sepsis and potential regulators. Three public datasets (GSE28750, GSE57065 and GSE95233) were employed to recognize the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Taking the intersection of DEGs from these three datasets, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed 537 shared DEGs and their biological functions and pathways. These genes were mainly enriched in T cell activation, differentiation, lymphocyte differentiation, mononuclear cell differentiation, and regulation of T cell activation based on GO analysis. Further, pathway enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation. Additionally, five hub immune-related genes (CD3E, HLA-DRA, IL2RB, ITK and LAT) were identified from the protein-protein interaction network, and sepsis patients with higher expression of hub genes had a better prognosis. Besides, 14 drugs targeting these five hub related genes were revealed on the basis of the DrugBank database, which proved advantageous for treating immune-related diseases. CONCLUSIONS These results strengthen the new understanding of sepsis development and provide a fresh perspective into discriminating the candidate biomarkers for predicting sepsis as well as identifying new drugs for treating sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Liang
- Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, Foshan, 528041, China
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Province, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Yongjian Wu
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Province, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Siying Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, Zhuhai, 519020, China
| | - Muhammad Younis
- Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, Foshan, 528041, China
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Province, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, Foshan, 528041, China
| | - Zhilong Wu
- Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, Foshan, 528041, China.
| | - Xi Huang
- Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, Foshan, 528041, China.
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Province, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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Anannya O, Huang W, August A. ITK signaling regulates a switch between T helper 17 and T regulatory cell lineages via a calcium-mediated pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.01.535229. [PMID: 37066370 PMCID: PMC10103963 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.01.535229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The balance of pro-inflammatory T helper type 17 (Th17) and anti-inflammatory T regulatory (Treg) cells is crucial in maintaining immune homeostasis in health and disease conditions. Differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Th17/Treg cells is dependent upon T cell receptor (TCR) activation and cytokine signaling, which includes the kinase ITK. Signals from ITK can regulate the differentiation of Th17 and Treg cell fate choice, however, the mechanism remains to be fully understood. We report here that in the absence of ITK activity, instead of developing into Th17 cells under Th17 conditions, naïve CD4+ T cells switch to cells expressing the Treg marker Foxp3 (Forkhead box P3). These switched Foxp3+ Treg like cells retain suppressive function and resemble differentiated induced Tregs in their transcriptomic profile, although their chromatin accessibility profiles are intermediate between Th17 and induced Tregs cells. Generation of the switched Foxp3+ Treg like cells was associated with reduced expression of molecules involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, with reduced activation of the mTOR signaling pathway, and reduced expression of BATF. This ITK dependent switch between Th17 and Treg cells was reversed by increasing intracellular calcium. These findings suggest potential strategies for fine tune the TCR signal strength via ITK to regulate the balance of Th17/Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orchi Anannya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Cornell Center for Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Defense, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Cornell Center for Health Equity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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6
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Jolles S, Giralt S, Kerre T, Lazarus HM, Mustafa SS, Ria R, Vinh DC. Agents contributing to secondary immunodeficiency development in patients with multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A systematic literature review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1098326. [PMID: 36824125 PMCID: PMC9941665 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1098326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with hematological malignancies (HMs), like chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), multiple myeloma (MM), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), have a high risk of secondary immunodeficiency (SID), SID-related infections, and mortality. Here, we report the results of a systematic literature review on the potential association of various cancer regimens with infection rates, neutropenia, lymphocytopenia, or hypogammaglobulinemia, indicative of SID. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in 03/2022 using PubMed to search for clinical trials that mentioned in the title and/or abstract selected cancer (CLL, MM, or NHL) treatments covering 12 classes of drugs, including B-lineage monoclonal antibodies, CAR T therapies, proteasome inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, immunomodulators, antimetabolites, anti-tumor antibiotics, alkylating agents, Bcl-2 antagonists, histone deacetylase inhibitors, vinca alkaloids, and selective inhibitors of nuclear export. To be included, a publication had to report at least one of the following: percentages of patients with any grade and/or grade ≥3 infections, any grade and/or grade ≥3 neutropenia, or hypogammaglobulinemia. From the relevant publications, the percentages of patients with lymphocytopenia and specific types of infection (fungal, viral, bacterial, respiratory [upper or lower respiratory tract], bronchitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, skin, gastrointestinal, and sepsis) were collected. Results Of 89 relevant studies, 17, 38, and 34 included patients with CLL, MM, and NHL, respectively. In CLL, MM, and NHL, any grade infections were seen in 51.3%, 35.9% and 31.1% of patients, and any grade neutropenia in 36.3%, 36.4%, and 35.4% of patients, respectively. The highest proportion of patients with grade ≥3 infections across classes of drugs were: 41.0% in patients with MM treated with a B-lineage monoclonal antibody combination; and 29.9% and 38.0% of patients with CLL and NHL treated with a kinase inhibitor combination, respectively. In the limited studies, the mean percentage of patients with lymphocytopenia was 1.9%, 11.9%, and 38.6% in CLL, MM, and NHL, respectively. Two studies reported the proportion of patients with hypogammaglobulinemia: 0-15.3% in CLL and 5.9% in NHL (no studies reported hypogammaglobulinemia in MM). Conclusion This review highlights cancer treatments contributing to infections and neutropenia, potentially related to SID, and shows underreporting of hypogammaglobulinemia and lymphocytopenia before and during HM therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Jolles
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Stephen Jolles,
| | - Sergio Giralt
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tessa Kerre
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hillard M. Lazarus
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - S. Shahzad Mustafa
- Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, NY, United States,Department of Medicine, Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Roberto Ria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Donald C. Vinh
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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7
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Xiang Z, Kuranda K, Quinn W, Chekaoui A, Ambrose R, Hasanpourghadi M, Novikov M, Newman D, Cole C, Zhou X, Mingozzi F, Ertl HCJ. The effect of rapamycin and ibrutinib on antibody responses to adeno-associated virus vector-mediated gene transfer. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:614-624. [PMID: 35229644 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated gene transfer is lessening the impact of monogenetic disorders. Human AAV gene therapy recipients commonly mount immune responses to AAV or the encoded therapeutic protein, which requires transient immunosuppression. Most efforts to date have focused on blunting AAV capsid-specific T cell responses, which have been implicated in elimination of AAV transduced cells. Here we explore the use of immunosuppressants, rapamycin given alone or in combination with ibrutinib to inhibit AAV vector- or transgene product-specific antibody responses. Our results show that rapamycin or ibrutinib given alone reduce primary antibody responses against AAV capsid but the combination of rapamycin and ibrutinib is more effective, blunts recall responses, and reduces numbers of circulating antibody-secreting plasma cells. The drugs fail to lower B cell memory formation or to reduce the inhibitory effects of pre-existing AAV capsid-specific antibodies on transduction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiQuan Xiang
- Wistar Institute, 36586, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Klaudia Kuranda
- Spark Therapeutics Inc, 538392, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - William Quinn
- Spark Therapeutics Inc, 538392, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Arezki Chekaoui
- Wistar Institute, 36586, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Robert Ambrose
- Wistar Institute, 36586, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Mohadeseh Hasanpourghadi
- Wistar Institute, 36586, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Mikhail Novikov
- Wistar Institute, 36586, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,YTY Industry Sdn Bhd, R&D Department, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Dakota Newman
- Wistar Institute, 36586, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Christina Cole
- Wistar Institute, 36586, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Xiangyang Zhou
- Wistar Institute, 36586, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- Spark Therapeutics Inc, 538392, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,Spark Therapeutics Inc, 538392, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Hildegund C J Ertl
- Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 36586, Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, 3601 Spruce St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104-4205;
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8
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Abstract
Dysregulation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) signalling has been linked to various B cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Orelabrutinib (®) is an orally administered, potent, irreversible and highly selective BTK-inhibitor being developed by InnoCare Pharma for the treatment of B cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. In December 2020, orelabrutinib received its first approval in China for the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), who have received at least one treatment in the past. Clinical development of orelabrutinib for various indications is underway in the USA and China. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of orelabrutinib leading to this first approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohita Dhillon
- Springer Nature, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand.
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9
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Wang S, Yuan XH, Wang SQ, Zhao W, Chen XB, Yu B. FDA-approved pyrimidine-fused bicyclic heterocycles for cancer therapy: Synthesis and clinical application. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113218. [PMID: 33540357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in the development of anticancer agents over the past few decades, and a lot of new anticancer agents from natural and synthetic sources have been produced. Among heterocyclic compounds, pyrimidine-fused bicyclic heterocycles possess a variety of biological activities such as anticancer, antiviral, etc. To date, 147 pyrimidine-fused bicyclic heterocycles have been approved for clinical assessment or are currently being used in clinic, 57 of which have been approved by FDA for clinical treatment of various diseases, and 22 of them are being used in the clinic for the treatment of different cancers. As the potentially privileged scaffolds, pyrimidine-fused bicyclic heterocycles may be used to discover new drugs with similar biological targets and improved therapeutic efficacy. This review aims to provide an overview of the anticancer applications and synthetic routes of 22 approved pyrimidine-fused bicyclic heterocyclic drugs in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Xiao-Han Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Sai-Qi Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Cancer Institute, NO.127, Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, PR China
| | - Wen Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bing Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Cancer Institute, NO.127, Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, PR China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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10
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Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, unmet medical needs in some areas still exist. One of the main therapeutic approaches to alleviate dysregulated inflammation has been to target the activity of kinases that regulate production of inflammatory mediators. Small-molecule kinase inhibitors have the potential for broad efficacy, convenience and tissue penetrance, and thus often offer important advantages over biologics. However, designing kinase inhibitors with target selectivity and minimal off-target effects can be challenging. Nevertheless, immense progress has been made in advancing kinase inhibitors with desirable drug-like properties into the clinic, including inhibitors of JAKs, IRAK4, RIPKs, BTK, SYK and TPL2. This Review will address the latest discoveries around kinase inhibitors with an emphasis on clinically validated autoimmunity and inflammatory pathways. Unmet medical needs in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases still exist. This Review discusses the activity of kinases that regulate production of inflammatory mediators and the recent advances in developing inhibitors to target such kinases.
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11
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Inhibition of interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase causes reduction in imiquimod-induced psoriasiform inflammation through reduction of Th17 cells and enhancement of Treg cells in mice. Biochimie 2020; 179:146-156. [PMID: 33007409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a debilitating chronic skin disease with a worldwide prevalence. Its main features include well-marked silvery scales on the skin of hands and feet and back which arise due to hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and infiltration of immune cells in the skin. Multiple interactions exist between adaptive immune cells such as T cells and innate immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages which are key players in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) plays a key role in Th17 cell development through control of several transcription factors. ITK has been shown to control NFATc1, NFkB and STAT3 in CD4+ T cells. Effect of ITK inhibitor in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasiform inflammation remains to be explored. In the current examination, role of ITK signaling and its inhibition blockade were evaluated on NFATc1, NFkB and STAT3, IL-17A, TNF-α, IFN-γ, Foxp3, IL-10 in CD4+ T cells in IMQ model. Our data display that ITK signaling is involved in IMQ-induced psoriatic inflammation as paralleled by enhancement of p-ITK, NFATc1, p-NFkB and p-STAT3 in CD4+ T cells. It was associated with enhancement of Th17/Th1 cells and neutrophilic inflammation in the skin. Preventive treatment with ITK inhibitor led to a reduction in Th17/Th1 cells and enhancement of Treg cells. Overall, this study suggests that ITK signaling is an important modulator of transcription factor signaling in CD4+ T cells which is associated with Th17/Th1 cells and psoriasiform inflammation in mice. ITK signaling blockade could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of psoriatic inflammation.
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12
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Torke S, Weber MS. Inhibition of Bruton´s tyrosine kinase as a novel therapeutic approach in multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1143-1150. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1807934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Torke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin S. Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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13
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Lechner KS, Neurath MF, Weigmann B. Role of the IL-2 inducible tyrosine kinase ITK and its inhibitors in disease pathogenesis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1385-1395. [PMID: 32808093 PMCID: PMC7524833 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ITK (IL-2-inducible tyrosine kinase) belongs to the Tec family kinases and is mainly expressed in T cells. It is involved in TCR signalling events driving processes like T cell development as well as Th2, Th9 and Th17 responses thereby controlling the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Studies have shown that ITK is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases as well as in carcinogenesis. The loss of ITK or its activity either by mutation or by the use of inhibitors led to a beneficial outcome in experimental models of asthma, inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis among others. In humans, biallelic mutations in the ITK gene locus result in a monogenetic disorder leading to T cell dysfunction; in consequence, mainly EBV infections can lead to severe immune dysregulation evident by lymphoproliferation, lymphoma and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Furthermore, patients who suffer from angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma have been found to express significantly more ITK. These findings put ITK in the strong focus as a target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina S Lechner
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr.14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr.14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benno Weigmann
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr.14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
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Catlett IM, Nowak M, Kundu S, Zheng N, Liu A, He B, Girgis IG, Grasela DM. Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of branebrutinib (BMS-986195), a covalent, irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase: Randomised phase I, placebo-controlled trial in healthy participants. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:1849-1859. [PMID: 32198939 PMCID: PMC7444767 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Branebrutinib (BMS‐986195) is a potent, highly selective, oral, small‐molecule, covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). This study evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of branebrutinib in healthy participants. Methods This double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐ and multiple‐ascending dose (SAD; MAD) Phase I study (NCT02705989) enrolled participants into 3 parts: SAD, MAD and JMAD (MAD in first‐generation Japanese participants). In each part, participants were randomised 3:1 to receive branebrutinib (SAD: 0.3–30 mg; [J]MAD: 0.3–10 mg) or placebo. Participants in the MAD parts received branebrutinib daily for 14 days and were followed for 14 days postdosing. Safety was assessed by monitoring, laboratory and physical examinations, vital signs, and recording adverse events (AEs). Pharmacodynamics were assessed with a mass spectrometry assay that measured drug‐occupied and free BTK. Results The SAD, MAD and JMAD parts of the study included 40, 32 and 24 participants. Branebrutinib was well tolerated and AEs were mild/moderate, except for 1 serious AE that led to discontinuation. Branebrutinib was rapidly absorbed, with maximum plasma concentration occurring within 1 hour and a half‐life of 1.2—1.7 hours, dropping to undetectable levels within 24 hours. BTK occupancy was rapid, with 100% occupancy reached after a single 10‐mg dose. BTK occupancy decayed predictably over time (mean half‐life in MAD panels: 115–154 hours), such that pharmacodynamic effects were maintained after branebrutinib plasma levels fell below the lower limit of quantification. Conclusion Rapid and high occupancy of BTK and the lack of notable safety findings support further clinical development of branebrutinib.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ang Liu
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bing He
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
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15
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Nadeem A, Ahmad SF, Al-Harbi NO, Ibrahim KE, Siddiqui N, Al-Harbi MM, Attia SM, Bakheet SA. Inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase and IL-2 inducible T-cell kinase suppresses both neutrophilic and eosinophilic airway inflammation in a cockroach allergen extract-induced mixed granulocytic mouse model of asthma using preventative and therapeutic strategy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104441. [PMID: 31505252 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex airways disease with a wide spectrum which ranges from eosinophilic (Th2 driven) to mixed granulocytic (Th2/Th17 driven) phenotypes. Mixed granulocytic asthma is a cause of concern as corticosteroids often fail to control this phenotype. Different kinases such as Brutons's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and IL-2 inducible T cell kinase (ITK) play a pivotal role in shaping allergic airway inflammation. Ibrutinib is primarily a BTK inhibitor, however it is reported to be an ITK inhibitor as well. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of Ibrutinib on Th1, Th17 and Th2 immune responses in a cockroach allergen extract (CE)-induced mixed granulocytic (eosinophilic and neutrophilic) mouse model in preventative mode. Ibrutinib attenuated neutrophilic inflammation at a much lower doses (25-75 μg/mouse) in CE-induced mixed granulocytic asthma whereas Th2/Th17 immune responses remained unaffected at these doses. However, at a much higher dose, i.e. 250 μg/mouse, Ibrutinib remarkably suppressed both Th17/Th2 and lymphocytic/neutrophilic/eosinophilic airway inflammation. At molecular level, Ibrutinib suppressed phosphorylation of BTK in neutrophils at lower doses and ITK in CD4 + T cells at higher doses in CE-treated mice. Further, effects of Ibrutinib were compared with dexamethasone on CE-induced mixed granulocytic asthma in therapeutic mode. Ibrutinib was able to control granulocytic inflammation along with Th2/Th17 immune response in therapeutic mode whereas dexamethasone limited only Th2/eosinophilic inflammation. Thus, Ibrutinib has the potential to suppress both Th17/Th2 and neutrophilic/eosinophilic inflammation during mixed granulocytic asthma and therefore may be pursued as alternative therapeutic option in difficult-to-treat asthma which is resistant to corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif O Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid Siddiqui
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Mohammed M Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Andreotti AH, Joseph RE, Conley JM, Iwasa J, Berg LJ. Multidomain Control Over TEC Kinase Activation State Tunes the T Cell Response. Annu Rev Immunol 2019; 36:549-578. [PMID: 29677469 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) activates a series of tyrosine kinases. Directly associated with the TCR, the SRC family kinase LCK and the SYK family kinase ZAP-70 are essential for all downstream responses to TCR stimulation. In contrast, the TEC family kinase ITK is not an obligate component of the TCR cascade. Instead, ITK functions as a tuning dial, to translate variations in TCR signal strength into differential programs of gene expression. Recent insights into TEC kinase structure have provided a view into the molecular mechanisms that generate different states of kinase activation. In resting lymphocytes, TEC kinases are autoinhibited, and multiple interactions between the regulatory and kinase domains maintain low activity. Following TCR stimulation, newly generated signaling modules compete with the autoinhibited core and shift the conformational ensemble to the fully active kinase. This multidomain control over kinase activation state provides a structural mechanism to account for ITK's ability to tune the TCR signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H Andreotti
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; ,
| | - Raji E Joseph
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; ,
| | - James M Conley
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA; ,
| | - Janet Iwasa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA;
| | - Leslie J Berg
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA; ,
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Felten R, Scher F, Sibilia J, Gottenberg JE, Arnaud L. The pipeline of targeted therapies under clinical development for primary Sjögren's syndrome: A systematic review of trials. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:576-582. [PMID: 30959220 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To date, no immunomodulatory drug has proved efficacious in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). In pSS, difficulties in drug efficacy assessment is related to the large spectrum of clinical involvements (glandular/extraglandular involvement), to the lack of correlation between symptoms of dryness and glandular function assessed by objective measurements, as well as between symptoms and systemic complications of the disease. Severe organ manifestations are generally treated by off-label therapies in accordance with current practice and guidelines for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or other connective-tissue diseases. Despite a much greater understanding of the pathogenesis of pSS, modern drug development has resulted in no approval of therapy so far. In this study, we performed a systematic review of all targeted therapies under clinical development in pSS, in 17 main online registries of clinical trials. Our search identified 264 trials, from which 25 targeted therapies for pSS were included. The molecules under current clinical development for pSS target B cells (n = 4), T cells or T/B cells costimulation (n = 5), inflammatory cytokines or chemokines and their receptors (n = 5), intracellular signalling pathways (n = 7) and various other targets identified in pSS (n = 4). The current drug development pipeline in pSS may lead to valuable strategies for the treatment of this currently difficult-to-treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Felten
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IBMC), CNRS UPR3572, France; RESO : Centre de Référence des Maladies Autoimmunes Systémiques Rares Est Sud-Ouest, France
| | - Florence Scher
- Service de Pharmacie-Stérilisation, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Sibilia
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.; RESO : Centre de Référence des Maladies Autoimmunes Systémiques Rares Est Sud-Ouest, France; INSERM UMR_S1109, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacques-Eric Gottenberg
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IBMC), CNRS UPR3572, France; RESO : Centre de Référence des Maladies Autoimmunes Systémiques Rares Est Sud-Ouest, France
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.; RESO : Centre de Référence des Maladies Autoimmunes Systémiques Rares Est Sud-Ouest, France; INSERM UMR_S1109, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
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18
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Dong M, Jin H, Zuo M, Bai H, Wang L, Shi C, Niu W. The potential effect of Bruton's tyrosine kinase in refractory periapical periodontitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108710. [PMID: 30818138 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the expression of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) in refractory periapical periodontitis and analyze the relationship between BTK and bone resorption in refractory periapical periodontitis. The mechanism of bone resorption is also discussed. The OneArray Plus expression microarray was used to screen for genes related to refractory periapical periodontitis. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of BTK in refractory periapical periodontitis tissues. A model of periapical periodontitis was established by sealing E.faecalis into the pulp of rats. To establish a model of E.faecalis LTA infection of osteoclasts, the relationship between BTK and bone destruction during refractory periapical periodontitis was analyzed. OneArray Plus expression microarray results showed that we found that the expression of 1787 genes in the two samples was different. After validating these samples, we found that BTK was closely related to refractory periapical periodontitis. The results showed that the expression of BTK in refractory periapical periodontitis tissues was higher than that in normal tissues. Immunohistochemistry, enzyme histochemistry and real-time PCR showed that the BTK expression curve in the experimental model resembled a reverse V shape from week 1 to week 4. Osteoclasts were cultured in vitro and treated with E. faecalis LTA. The expression of BTK in the E. faecalis model was greater than that in the control group. BTK played an important role in the progression of refractory periapical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China.
| | - Haiwei Jin
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China.
| | - Meina Zuo
- Department of Endodontics and Periodontics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China.
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Endodontics and Periodontics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China.
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Endodontics and Periodontics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China.
| | - Chun Shi
- Department of Endodontics and Periodontics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China.
| | - Weidong Niu
- Department of Endodontics and Periodontics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China.
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19
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Miyata-Takata T, Chuang SS, Takata K, Toji T, Maeda Y, Sato Y, Yoshino T. Expression of T-cell receptor signalling pathway components in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Histopathology 2018; 73:1030-1038. [PMID: 30102799 DOI: 10.1111/his.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although the neoplastic cells of extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) usually do not express T-cell antigens, the T-cell receptor (TCR) gene might be rearranged and TCR protein expressed. The aim is to elucidate the expression of the downstream TCR pathway components and their importance in ENKTL. METHODS AND RESULTS We used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 91 ENKTL samples to immunohistochemically characterise the expression of TCR pathway components. The following proteins were variably expressed: ZAP70 (94%; 83/88), GRAP2/GADS (68%; 60/88), DOK2 (42%; 38/90), LCK (35%; 31/88), and ITK (10%; 9/90). When these tumours were classified as being of T lineage (16%), NK lineage (45%), or indeterminate lineage (38%), the GRAP2/GADS expression rate was higher in T lineage tumours (versus NK, P = 0.0073; versus indeterminate, P = 0.00082). GRAP2/GADS-positive NK lineage tumours more frequently expressed DOK2 (P = 0.0073), and were more often confined to the nasal areas (P = 0.014). Furthermore, when these tumours were immunophenotypically classified into a T signature (42%) or NK signature (58%), the expression rates of GRAP2/GADS and ITK were higher in T signature tumours (P = 0.00074 and P = 0.067, respectively), whereas that of LCK was higher in NK-signature tumours (P = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS Although some ENTKL cases were polyclonal for TCR rearrangement and others lacked TCR expression, we speculate that the TCR pathway might be functioning in ENKTLs. A T signature versus a NK signature might be better for delineating the physiology of ENKTL than cellular lineage. Furthermore, ITK may represent a potential therapeutic target for patients with ITK-expressing tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Miyata-Takata
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Katsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Lymphoid Cancer Research, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tomohiro Toji
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Sato
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshino
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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20
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Lu S, Zhao K, Wang X, Liu H, Ainiwaer X, Xu Y, Ye M. Use of Laplacian Heat Diffusion Algorithm to Infer Novel Genes With Functions Related to Uveitis. Front Genet 2018; 9:425. [PMID: 30349554 PMCID: PMC6186792 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis is the inflammation of the uvea and is a serious eye disease that can cause blindness for middle-aged and young people. However, the pathogenesis of this disease has not been fully uncovered and thus renders difficulties in designing effective treatments. Completely identifying the genes related to this disease can help improve and accelerate the comprehension of uveitis. In this study, a new computational method was developed to infer potential related genes based on validated ones. We employed a large protein–protein interaction network reported in STRING, in which Laplacian heat diffusion algorithm was applied using validated genes as seed nodes. Except for the validated ones, all genes in the network were filtered by three tests, namely, permutation, association, and function tests, which evaluated the genes based on their specialties and associations to uveitis. Results indicated that 59 inferred genes were accessed, several of which were confirmed to be highly related to uveitis by literature review. In addition, the inferred genes were compared with those reported in a previous study, indicating that our reported genes are necessary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiheng Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
| | - Xiamuxiya Ainiwaer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
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21
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Fathi NN, Mohammad DK, Görgens A, Andaloussi SE, Zain R, Nore BF, Smith CIE. Translocation-generated ITK-FER and ITK-SYK fusions induce STAT3 phosphorylation and CD69 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:749-752. [PMID: 30217447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer types carry mutations in protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and such alterations frequently drive tumor progression. One category is gene translocation of PTKs yielding chimeric proteins with transforming capacity. In this study, we characterized the role of ITK-FER [Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell Kinase (ITK) gene fused with Feline Encephalitis Virus-Related kinase (FER) gene] and ITK-SYK [Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell Kinase (ITK) gene fused with the Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK)] in Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma (PTCL) signaling. We observed an induction of tyrosine phosphorylation events in the presence of both ITK-FER and ITK-SYK. The downstream targets of ITK-FER and ITK-SYK were explored and STAT3 was found to be highly phosphorylated by these fusion kinases. In addition, the CD69 T-cell activation marker was significantly elevated. Apart from tyrosine kinase inhibitors acting directly on the fusions, we believe that drugs acting on downstream targets could serve as alternative cancer therapies for fusion PTKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmeen N Fathi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq
| | - Dara K Mohammad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, 44002, Erbil, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rula Zain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre for Rare Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beston F Nore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq.
| | - C I Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden.
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22
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and infection risk in the era of targeted therapies: Linking mechanisms with infections. Blood Rev 2018; 32:387-399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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Li Z, Zhang L, Yuan Y, Yang Z. Identification of metabolites of evobrutinib in rat and human hepatocytes by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2018; 11:129-139. [PMID: 30102849 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyun Li
- Department of Pharmacy; the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy; the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Yongliang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy; the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Zhiheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy; the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
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24
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Chen J, Wang X, He F, Pan Z. Development of a Selective Labeling Probe for Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Quantification in Live Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1640-1645. [PMID: 29652138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a key regulator of the B-cell receptor signaling pathway, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) has emerged as an important therapeutic target for various malignancies and autoimmune disorders. However, data on the expression profiles of Btk are lacking. Here, we report the discovery of a new, selective Btk probe and of a sandwich-type ELISA quantification method to detect endogenous Btk in live cells. We achieved selective labeling of Btk in vivo and quantified Btk levels in seven types of human lymphoma cell lines. This quantification method provides a powerful tool to study Btk in live cells that may also be useful in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Xili University Town, PKU Campus, Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Xiafeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Xili University Town, PKU Campus, Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Fengli He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Xili University Town, PKU Campus, Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Zhengying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Xili University Town, PKU Campus, Shenzhen 518055 , China
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Herman AE, Chinn LW, Kotwal SG, Murray ER, Zhao R, Florero M, Lin A, Moein A, Wang R, Bremer M, Kokubu S, Serone AP, Hanze EL, Viberg A, Morimoto AM, Winter HR, Katsumoto TR. Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics in Healthy Volunteers Treated With GDC-0853, a Selective Reversible Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 103:1020-1028. [PMID: 29484638 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
GDC-0853 is a small molecule inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) that is highly selective and noncovalent, leading to reversible binding. In double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled phase I healthy volunteer studies, GDC-0853 was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting adverse events (AEs) or serious AEs. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached during dose escalation (≤600 mg, single ascending dose (SAD) study; ≤250 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) and ≤500 mg once daily, 14-day multiple ascending dose (MAD) study). Plasma concentrations peaked 1-3 hours after oral administration and declined thereafter, with a steady-state half-life ranging from 4.2-9.9 hours. Independent assays demonstrated dose-dependent BTK target engagement. Based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) simulations, a once-daily dosing regimen (e.g., 100 mg, q.d.) is expected to maintain a high level of BTK inhibition over the dosing interval. Taken together, the safety and PK/PD data support GDC-0853 evaluation in rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and other autoimmune or inflammatory indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Herman
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rui Zhao
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Alyse Lin
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anita Moein
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rena Wang
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Meire Bremer
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Serika Kokubu
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
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26
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Li L, Tong M, Zhao YT, He Y, Zhou HY, Zhang GF, Zhang YJ. Membrane translocation of Bruton kinase in multiple myeloma cells is associated with osteoclastogenic phenotype in bone metastatic lesions. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9482. [PMID: 29480835 PMCID: PMC5943844 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using bone biopsy samples, we examined whether osteolytic cytokine profile is changed in situ in bone samples of metastatic multiple myeloma, and whether this creates an environment of lysis within the bone to which it has spread. This also produces the clinical features of increased circulating plasma calcium, and deleterious effects on the kidney.Using multiple myeloma biopsy and cell extracts from bone metastatic lesions, Bruton kinase, a tyrosine kinase, was demonstrated to be translocated to the membrane. Several transcription factors were upregulated included activin A, inflammatory transcription activator like such as nuclear factor kappa B, and specific bone lytic factor such as receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand that is known to drive osteoclastogenesis as opposed to a osteogenic environment. The transcript for Bruton kinase was also elevated in its expression.Cytokines that support osteolytic activity such as a proliferation-inducing ligand, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), interleukin-8, and activin A were upregulated. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclastic enzymatic activity was significantly elevated in the bone microenvironment in metastatic multiple myeloma. Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including inhibitors for Bruton kinase such as ibrutinib have been developed. The results of the present study provide evidence that multiple myeloma possess signal transduction mechanisms to support a bone lytic environment.The results provide a preliminary molecular basis to design specific inhibitors for management of bone metastasis of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi
| | - Min Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi
| | - Yi-ting Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Clinical Hospital of The Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang
| | - Yun He
- Department of Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi
| | - Hong-yu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi
| | - Guo-fu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan-jin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
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27
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Cao R, Liu D, Xie Y, Li L, Qi X, Huang N. In Silico Identification of a Novel Hinge-Binding Scaffold for Kinase Inhibitor Discovery. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8552-8564. [PMID: 28945083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To explore novel kinase hinge-binding scaffolds, we carried out structure-based virtual screening against p38α MAPK as a model system. With the assistance of developed kinase-specific structural filters, we identify a novel lead compound that selectively inhibits a panel of kinases with threonine as the gatekeeper residue, including BTK and LCK. These kinases play important roles in lymphocyte activation, which encouraged us to design novel kinase inhibitors as drug candidates for ameliorating inflammatory diseases and cancers. Therefore, we chemically modified our substituted triazole-class lead compound to improve the binding affinity and selectivity via a "minimal decoration" strategy, which resulted in potent and selective kinase inhibitors against LCK (18 nM) and BTK (8 nM). Subsequent crystallographic experiments validated our design. These rationally designed compounds exhibit potent on-target inhibition against BTK in B cells or LCK in T cells, respectively. Our work demonstrates that structure-based virtual screening can be applied to facilitate the development of novel chemical entities in crowded chemical space in the field of kinase inhibitor discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing , No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuze Sun
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing , No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China.,Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ran Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing , No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dan Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing , No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing , No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing , No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing , No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Niu Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing , No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
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28
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Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Attenuates Liver Damage in a Mouse Warm Ischemia and Reperfusion Model. Transplantation 2017; 101:322-331. [PMID: 27820779 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a central player in multiple signaling pathways of lymphoid and myeloid cells. Myeloid cells are crucial early effectors in organ ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. BTKB66 is a selective, irreversible inhibitor of Btk. In this study, we hypothesized that Btk inhibition would reduce hepatocellular injury in a murine model of liver warm hepatic IR. METHODS First, BTKB66 was tested in in vitro models of lipopolysaccharide-mediated neutrophil and macrophage activation. Then, to assess its efficacy in vivo, BTKB66 was administered orally to mice for 7 days before subjecting them to 90 minutes of warm hepatic ischemia followed by reperfusion for 6 or 24 hours. Clinical and pathologic features in the livers, including AST, ALT, and a panel of cytokines and chemokines, were examined. RESULTS BTKB66 potently inhibited lipopolysaccharide-mediated activation of bone marrow-derived neutrophils and macrophages in vitro. It also reduced the severity of IR injury as determined by AST and ALT levels, as well as immune cell infiltrates. BTKB66 significantly decreased hepatic markers of sterile inflammation, such as C-X-C motif chemokine 1, C-X-C motif chemokine 2, and C-X-C motif chemokine 10, in parallel with depression of serum markers of the myeloid cell activation, such as CCL5, CCL11, and C-X-C motif chemokine 5. CONCLUSIONS BTKB66 treatment ameliorated hepatocellular injury in a well-established model of liver partial warm ischemia and in situ reperfusion. These findings confirm that neutrophil recruitment and activation play an essential role in IR stress, and that targeting Btk activity may provide a useful approach for preventing hepatocellular damage and improving outcomes in liver transplantation.
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29
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de Bruijn MJW, Rip J, van der Ploeg EK, van Greuningen LW, Ta VTB, Kil LP, Langerak AW, Rimmelzwaan GF, Ellmeier W, Hendriks RW, Corneth OBJ. Distinct and Overlapping Functions of TEC Kinase and BTK in B Cell Receptor Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3058-3068. [PMID: 28275136 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Tec tyrosine kinase is expressed in many cell types, including hematopoietic cells, and is a member of the Tec kinase family that also includes Btk. Although the role of Btk in B cells has been extensively studied, the role of Tec kinase in B cells remains largely unclear. It was previously shown that Tec kinase has the ability to partly compensate for loss of Btk activity in B cell differentiation, although the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, we confirm that Tec kinase is not essential for normal B cell development when Btk is present, but we also found that Tec-deficient mature B cells showed increased activation, proliferation, and survival upon BCR stimulation, even in the presence of Btk. Whereas Tec deficiency did not affect phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ or Ca2+ influx, it was associated with significantly increased activation of the intracellular Akt/S6 kinase signaling pathway upon BCR and CD40 stimulation. The increased S6 kinase phosphorylation in Tec-deficient B cells was dependent on Btk kinase activity, as ibrutinib treatment restored pS6 to wild-type levels, although Btk protein and phosphorylation levels were comparable to controls. In Tec-deficient mice in vivo, B cell responses to model Ags and humoral immunity upon influenza infection were enhanced. Moreover, aged mice lacking Tec kinase developed a mild autoimmune phenotype. Taken together, these data indicate that in mature B cells, Tec and Btk may compete for activation of the Akt signaling pathway, whereby the activating capacity of Btk is limited by the presence of Tec kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein J W de Bruijn
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper Rip
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esmee K van der Ploeg
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lars W van Greuningen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Van T B Ta
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laurens P Kil
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton W Langerak
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands;
| | - Odilia B J Corneth
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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30
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Park H, Park CH, Kang ST, Jeon JH, Archary R, Lee JY, Kim P, Jung H, Yun CS, Hwang JY, Ryu DH, Cho SY. Design and Synthesis of Novel Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl piperidine Derivatives as Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyebin Park
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Korea
| | - Chi Hoon Park
- Drug Discovery Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 305-606 Korea
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-550 Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Kang
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Jeon
- Drug Discovery Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 305-606 Korea
| | - Raghavendra Archary
- Drug Discovery Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 305-606 Korea
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-550 Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Lee
- Drug Discovery Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 305-606 Korea
| | - Pilho Kim
- Drug Discovery Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 305-606 Korea
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-550 Korea
| | - Heejung Jung
- Drug Discovery Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 305-606 Korea
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-550 Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Yun
- Drug Discovery Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 305-606 Korea
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-550 Korea
| | - Jong Yeon Hwang
- Drug Discovery Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 305-606 Korea
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-550 Korea
| | - Do Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Korea
| | - Sung Yun Cho
- Drug Discovery Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 305-606 Korea
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-550 Korea
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31
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Kotla S, Singh NK, Rao GN. ROS via BTK-p300-STAT1-PPARγ signaling activation mediates cholesterol crystals-induced CD36 expression and foam cell formation. Redox Biol 2016; 11:350-364. [PMID: 28040583 PMCID: PMC5200884 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In understanding the mechanisms of cholesterol in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, previous studies from other laboratories have demonstrated that cholesterol crystals (CC) induce scavenger receptor CD36 expression and NLRP3-mediated inflammasome formation. In elucidating the mechanisms by which CC could enhance CD36 expression and foam cell formation, here we report that CC via NADPH and xanthine oxidases-mediated ROS production activates BTK, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase. In addition, CC induce p300 tyrosine phosphorylation and activation in a BTK-dependent manner, which in turn, leads to STAT1 acetylation and its interaction with PPARγ in CD36 expression, oxLDL uptake and foam cell formation. Furthermore, p300, STAT1 and PPARγ bound to a STAT binding site at −107 nt in CD36 promoter and enhanced its activity in ROS and BTK-dependent manner. Disruption of this STAT binding site by site-directed mutagenesis abolished CC-induced CD36 promoter activity. Together these results reveal for the first time that CC via producing ROS and activating BTK causes p300-mediated STAT1 acetylation and its interaction with PPARγ in CD36 expression, oxLDL uptake and foam cell formation. CC induces CD36 expression and foam cell formation by ROS-mediated BTK activation. STAT1 and PPARγ interactions are required for CC-induced CD36 expression. ROS-dependent BTK and p300 activation mediate STAT1 and PPARγ interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Nikhlesh K Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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32
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Zhang Y, Zhang D, Tian H, Jiao Y, Shi Z, Ran T, Liu H, Lu S, Xu A, Qiao X, Pan J, Yin L, Zhou W, Lu T, Chen Y. Identification of Covalent Binding Sites Targeting Cysteines Based on Computational Approaches. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3106-18. [PMID: 27483186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent drugs have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to good inhibitory activity and selectivity. Targeting noncatalytic cysteines with irreversible inhibitors is a powerful approach for enhancing pharmacological potency and selectivity because cysteines can form covalent bonds with inhibitors through their nucleophilic thiol groups. However, most human kinases have multiple noncatalytic cysteines within the active site; to accurately predict which cysteine is most likely to form covalent bonds is of great importance but remains a challenge when designing irreversible inhibitors. In this work, FTMap was first applied to check its ability in predicting covalent binding site defined as the region where covalent bonds are formed between cysteines and irreversible inhibitors. Results show that it has excellent performance in detecting the hot spots within the binding pocket, and its hydrogen bond interaction frequency analysis could give us some interesting instructions for identification of covalent binding cysteines. Furthermore, we proposed a simple but useful covalent fragment probing approach and showed that it successfully predicted the covalent binding site of seven targets. By adopting a distance-based method, we observed that the closer the nucleophiles of covalent warheads are to the thiol group of a cysteine, the higher the possibility that a cysteine is prone to form a covalent bond. We believe that the combination of FTMap and our distance-based covalent fragment probing method can become a useful tool in detecting the covalent binding site of these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haozhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhihao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Ran
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Haichun Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Anyang Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lingfeng Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weineng Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
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33
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Substitution scanning identifies a novel, catalytically active ibrutinib-resistant BTK cysteine 481 to threonine (C481T) variant. Leukemia 2016; 31:177-185. [PMID: 27282255 PMCID: PMC5220130 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, ibrutinib and acalabrutinib have demonstrated remarkable clinical responses in multiple B-cell malignancies. Acquired resistance has been identified in a sub-population of patients in which mutations affecting BTK predominantly substitute cysteine 481 in the kinase domain for catalytically active serine, thereby ablating covalent binding of inhibitors. Activating substitutions in the BTK substrate phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) instead confers resistance independent of BTK. Herein, we generated all six possible amino acid substitutions due to single nucleotide alterations for the cysteine 481 codon, in addition to threonine, requiring two nucleotide substitutions, and performed functional analysis. Replacement by arginine, phenylalanine, tryptophan or tyrosine completely inactivated the catalytic activity, whereas substitution with glycine caused severe impairment. BTK with threonine replacement was catalytically active, similar to substitution with serine. We identify three potential ibrutinib resistance scenarios for cysteine 481 replacement: (1) Serine, being catalytically active and therefore predominating among patients. (2) Threonine, also being catalytically active, but predicted to be scarce, because two nucleotide changes are needed. (3) As BTK variants replaced with other residues are catalytically inactive, they presumably need compensatory mutations, therefore being very scarce. Glycine and tryptophan variants were not yet reported but likely also provide resistance.
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34
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Inherited PTEN mutations and the prediction of phenotype. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 52:30-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Crofford LJ, Nyhoff LE, Sheehan JH, Kendall PL. The role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase in autoimmunity and implications for therapy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:763-73. [PMID: 26864273 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1152888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) mediates B cell signaling and is also present in innate immune cells but not T cells. BTK propagates B cell receptor (BCR) responses to antigen-engagement as well as to stimulation via CD40, toll-like receptors (TLRs), Fc receptors (FCRs) and chemokine receptors. Importantly, BTK can modulate signaling, acting as a "rheostat" rather than an "on-off" switch; thus, overexpression leads to autoimmunity while decreased levels improve autoimmune disease outcomes. Autoreactive B cells depend upon BTK for survival to a greater degree than normal B cells, reflected as loss of autoantibodies with maintenance of total antibody levels when BTK is absent. This review describes contributions of BTK to immune tolerance, including studies testing BTK-inhibitors for treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie J Crofford
- a Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Medicine , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA.,b Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Lindsay E Nyhoff
- b Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Jonathan H Sheehan
- c Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Peggy L Kendall
- b Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA.,d Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
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36
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Wilcox RA. A three-signal model of T-cell lymphoma pathogenesis. Am J Hematol 2016; 91:113-22. [PMID: 26408334 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T-cell lymphoma pathogenesis and classification have, until recently, remained enigmatic. Recently performed whole-exome sequencing and gene-expression profiling studies have significant implications for their classification and treatment. Recurrent genetic modifications in antigen ("signal 1"), costimulatory ("signal 2"), or cytokine receptors ("signal 3"), and the tyrosine kinases and other signaling proteins they activate, have emerged as important therapeutic targets in these lymphomas. Many of these genetic modifications do not function in a cell-autonomous manner, but require the provision of ligand(s) by constituents of the tumor microenvironment, further supporting the long-appreciated view that these lymphomas are dependent upon and driven by their microenvironment. Therefore, the seemingly disparate fields of genomics and immunology are converging. A unifying "3 signal model" for T-cell lymphoma pathogenesis that integrates these findings will be presented, and its therapeutic implications briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Wilcox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan
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37
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Berglöf A, Hamasy A, Meinke S, Palma M, Krstic A, Månsson R, Kimby E, Österborg A, Smith CIE. Targets for Ibrutinib Beyond B Cell Malignancies. Scand J Immunol 2015; 82:208-17. [PMID: 26111359 PMCID: PMC5347933 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ibrutinib (Imbruvica™) is an irreversible, potent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Over the last few years, ibrutinib has developed from a promising drug candidate to being approved by FDA for the treatment of three B cell malignancies, a truly remarkable feat. Few, if any medicines are monospecific and ibrutinib is no exception; already during ibrutinib's initial characterization, it was found that it could bind also to other kinases. In this review, we discuss the implications of such interactions, which go beyond the selective effect on BTK in B cell malignancies. In certain cases, the outcome of ibrutinib treatment likely results from the combined inhibition of BTK and other kinases, causing additive or synergistic, effects. Conversely, there are also examples when the clinical outcome seems unrelated to inhibition of BTK. Thus, more specifically, adverse effects such as enhanced bleeding or arrhythmias could potentially be explained by different interactions. We also predict that during long‐term treatment bone homoeostasis might be affected due to the inhibition of osteoclasts. Moreover, the binding of ibrutinib to molecular targets other than BTK or effects on cells other than B cell‐derived malignancies could be beneficial and result in new indications for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berglöf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Hamasy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Meinke
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Palma
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Krstic
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Månsson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Kimby
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Österborg
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C I E Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Huang W, Morales JL, Gazivoda VP, August A. Nonreceptor tyrosine kinases ITK and BTK negatively regulate mast cell proinflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1197-1205. [PMID: 26581914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells are indispensable for LPS-induced septic hypothermia, in which TNF-α plays an essential role to initiate septic responses. ITK and BTK regulate mast cell responses to allergens, but their roles in mast cell responses in LPS-induced sepsis are unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the roles of ITK and BTK in mast cell responses during LPS-induced septic inflammation. METHODS Mice (genetically modified or bone marrow-derived mast cell-reconstituted Sash) were given LPS to induce septic hypothermia in the presence or absence of indicated inhibitors. Flow cytometry was used to determine LPS-induced cell influx and TNF-α production in peritoneal cells. Microarray was used for genomewide gene expression analysis on bone marrow-derived mast cells. Quantitative PCR and multiplex were used to determine transcribed and secreted proinflammatory cytokines. Microscopy and Western blotting were used to determine activation of signal transduction pathways. RESULTS The absence of ITK and BTK leads to exacerbation of LPS-induced septic hypothermia and neutrophil influx. Itk(-/-)Btk(-/-) mast cells exhibit hyperactive preformed and LPS-induced TNF-α production, and lead to more severe LPS-induced septic hypothermia when reconstituted into mast cell-deficient Sash mice. LPS-induced nuclear factor kappa B, Akt, and p38 activation is enhanced in Itk(-/-)Btk(-/-) mast cells, and blockage of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, Akt, or p38 downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 activation significantly suppresses TNF-α hyperproduction and attenuates septic hypothermia. CONCLUSIONS ITK and BTK regulate thermal homeostasis during septic response through mast cell function in mice. They share regulatory function downstream of Toll-like receptor 4/LPS in mast cells, through regulating the activation of canonical nuclear factor kappa B, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/Akt, and p38 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - J Luis Morales
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa
| | - Victor P Gazivoda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
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Xia B, Qu F, Yuan T, Zhang Y. Targeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase signaling as an emerging therapeutic agent of B-cell malignancies. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3339-3344. [PMID: 26788133 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly evident that B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is central to the development and function of B cells. BCR signaling has emerged as a pivotal pathway and a key driver of numerous B-cell lymphomas. Disruption of BCR signaling can be lethal to malignant B cells. Recently, kinase inhibitors that target BCR signaling have induced notable clinical responses. These inhibitors include spleen tyrosine kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, phosphoinositide 3'-kinase and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Ibrutinib, an oral irreversible BTK inhibitor, has emerged as a promising targeted therapy for patients with B-cell malignancies. The present review discusses the current understanding of BTK-mediated BCR signaling in the biology and pathobiology of normal and malignant B cells, and the cellular interaction with the tumor microenvironment. The data on ibrutinib in the preclinical and clinical settings is also discussed, and perspectives for the future use of ibrutinib are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xia
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Fulian Qu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yizhuo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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Kokhaei P, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Sotoodeh Jahromi A, Osterborg A, Mellstedt H, Hojjat-Farsangi M. Ibrutinib-A double-edge sword in cancer and autoimmune disorders. J Drug Target 2015; 24:373-85. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1086357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran,
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | | | - Anders Osterborg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,
- Departments of Hematology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden, and
| | - Håkan Mellstedt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,
- Departments of Hematology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden, and
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Hernández-Flórez D, Valor L. Protein-kinase inhibitors: A new treatment pathway for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 12:91-9. [PMID: 26283525 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although advances in biological medicine have seen significant progress in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disease, many patients do not experience a satisfactory response. Hence, there are two challenges facing the medical research community. The first is to continue development in the field of existing biological therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies. The second is to open new frontiers of research and explore treatment alternatives for non-responders to other therapies. Attention has increasingly turned to the therapeutic potential of small molecule weight kinase inhibitors (SMKIs), currently used extensively in oncology and haematology. Initial research into the therapeutic value of SMKIs for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has been encouraging. SMKIs are taken orally, which reduces cost for the health provider, and could increase compliance for the patient. This is why research is now focusing increasingly on SMKIs as a new generation line of treatment in these diseases. Tofacitinib, an inhibitor of Janus-kinase, is currently the only drug approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by FDA. However, much more needs to be done to understand the intracellular signalling pathways and how these might affect disease progression before solid conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hernández-Flórez
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - Lara Valor
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España.
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Dondorf S, Schrader A, Herling M. Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) targeting by BMS-509744 does not affect cell viability in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL). J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10568-9. [PMID: 25888568 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.l115.644641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Dondorf
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln-Bonn, and Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schrader
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln-Bonn, and Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marco Herling
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln-Bonn, and Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Ito M, Shichita T, Okada M, Komine R, Noguchi Y, Yoshimura A, Morita R. Bruton's tyrosine kinase is essential for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and contributes to ischaemic brain injury. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7360. [PMID: 26059659 PMCID: PMC4490404 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome activation has been implicated in various inflammatory diseases including post-ischaemic inflammation after stroke. Inflammasomes mediate activation of caspase-1, which subsequently induces secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18, as well as a form of cell death called pyroptosis. In this study, we report that Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an essential component of the NLRP3 inflammasome, in which BTK physically interacts with ASC and NLRP3. Inhibition of BTK by pharmacological or genetic means severely impairs activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The FDA-approved BTK inhibitor ibrutinib (PCI-32765) efficiently suppresses infarct volume growth and neurological damage in a brain ischaemia/reperfusion model in mice. Ibrutinib inhibits maturation of IL-1β by suppressing caspase-1 activation in infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils in the infarcted area of ischaemic brain. Our study indicates that BTK is essential for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and could be a potent therapeutic target in ischaemic stroke. Activation of inflammasome contributes to several pathologies. Here, the authors show that Bruton's tyrosine kinase is essential for NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and that blocking it with the FDA-approved inhibitor ibrutinib limits tissue damage in a mouse model of ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Ito
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan [2] Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Takashi Shichita
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan [2] Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan [3] PRESTO (Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okada
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan [2] Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Komine
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan [2] Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Noguchi
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan [2] Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan [2] Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Rimpei Morita
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan [2] Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
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Xu A, Zhang Y, Ran T, Liu H, Lu S, Xu J, Xiong X, Jiang Y, Lu T, Chen Y. Quantitative structure-activity relationship study on BTK inhibitors by modified multivariate adaptive regression spline and CoMSIA methods. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 26:279-300. [PMID: 25906044 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2015.1032346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a crucial role in B-cell activation and development, and has emerged as a new molecular target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and B-cell malignancies. In this study, two- and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (2D and 3D-QSAR) analyses were performed on a series of pyridine and pyrimidine-based BTK inhibitors by means of genetic algorithm optimized multivariate adaptive regression spline (GA-MARS) and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) methods. Here, we propose a modified MARS algorithm to develop 2D-QSAR models. The top ranked models showed satisfactory statistical results (2D-QSAR: Q(2) = 0.884, r(2) = 0.929, r(2)pred = 0.878; 3D-QSAR: q(2) = 0.616, r(2) = 0.987, r(2)pred = 0.905). Key descriptors selected by 2D-QSAR were in good agreement with the conclusions of 3D-QSAR, and the 3D-CoMSIA contour maps facilitated interpretation of the structure-activity relationship. A new molecular database was generated by molecular fragment replacement (MFR) and further evaluated with GA-MARS and CoMSIA prediction. Twenty-five pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives as novel potential BTK inhibitors were finally selected for further study. These results also demonstrated that our method can be a very efficient tool for the discovery of novel potent BTK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Xu
- a Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , P.R. China
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Shin DS, Ribas A. The evolution of checkpoint blockade as a cancer therapy: what's here, what's next? Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 33:23-35. [PMID: 25621841 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Unleashing the immune system to fight cancer has become one of the main treatment modalities since the anti-CTLA-4 antibody, ipilimumab was approved for patients with advanced melanoma in 2011. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab, two anti-PD-1 antibodies recently approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma, are being actively investigated for the treatment of multiple caners including lung, breast, bladder and renal cancers along with other anti-PD-1/L1 antibodies. Early results of combining of anti-CTLA-4 antibody and anti-PD-1 antibody treatment for advanced melanoma patients are showing impressive response rates with manageable toxicity profiles. There are several other checkpoint molecules that are likely potential inhibitory targets. The outcome of blocking some of these negative immune regulators, such as LAG-3 or TIM-3, is being pursued in the clinic or about to enter clinical development. Blockade of these molecules is demonstrating promising preclinical activity alone or when combined with anti-PD-1/L1. Future studies will define bio-markers of these therapies and how to target them alone or in combination with other immunotherapies, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical-Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1782, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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46
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Zhong Y, Dong S, Strattan E, Ren L, Butchar JP, Thornton K, Mishra A, Porcu P, Bradshaw JM, Bisconte A, Owens TD, Verner E, Brameld KA, Funk JO, Hill RJ, Johnson AJ, Dubovsky JA. Targeting interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) and resting lymphocyte kinase (RLK) using a novel covalent inhibitor PRN694. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5960-78. [PMID: 25593320 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.614891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) and resting lymphocyte kinase (RLK or TXK) are essential mediators of intracellular signaling in both normal and neoplastic T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Thus, ITK and RLK inhibitors have therapeutic potential in a number of human autoimmune, inflammatory, and malignant diseases. Here we describe a novel ITK/RLK inhibitor, PRN694, which covalently binds to cysteine residues 442 of ITK and 350 of RLK and blocks kinase activity. Molecular modeling was utilized to design molecules that interact with cysteine while binding to the ATP binding site in the kinase domain. PRN694 exhibits extended target residence time on ITK and RLK and is highly selective for a subset of the TEC kinase family. In vitro cellular assays confirm that PRN694 prevents T-cell receptor- and Fc receptor-induced cellular and molecular activation, inhibits T-cell receptor-induced T-cell proliferation, and blocks proinflammatory cytokine release as well as activation of Th17 cells. Ex vivo assays demonstrate inhibitory activity against T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia cells, and in vivo assays demonstrate durable pharmacodynamic effects on ITK, which reduces an oxazolone-induced delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. These data indicate that PRN694 is a highly selective and potent covalent inhibitor of ITK and RLK, and its extended target residence time enables durable attenuation of effector cells in vitro and in vivo. The results from this study highlight potential applications of this dual inhibitor for the treatment of T-cell- or NK cell-mediated inflammatory, autoimmune, and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhong
- From the Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Shuai Dong
- the Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and
| | - Ethan Strattan
- From the Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Li Ren
- From the Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jonathan P Butchar
- From the Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Kelsey Thornton
- From the Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Anjali Mishra
- From the Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Pierluigi Porcu
- From the Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | | | | | | | - Erik Verner
- Principia Biopharma, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Ken A Brameld
- Principia Biopharma, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | | | - Ronald J Hill
- Principia Biopharma, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Amy J Johnson
- From the Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jason A Dubovsky
- From the Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210,
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Fernández-Vega I, Quirós LM, Santos-Juanes J, Pane-Foix M, Marafioti T. Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a useful marker for Hodgkin and B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Virchows Arch 2014; 466:229-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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48
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Immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation associated with proximal defects of T cell receptor signaling. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 31:97-101. [PMID: 25459000 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Engagement of the TCR/CD3 complex triggers a cascade of events that result in T lymphocyte activation and promote positive and negative selection of thymocytes, T lymphocyte migration and effector functions, development and activation of regulatory T cells. Gene mutations that abrogate early TCR signaling are associated with profound abnormalities of T lymphocyte development and function both in humans and in mice, causing susceptibility to severe infections since early in life. In recent years, a growing number of genetic defects have been discovered that reduce, but do not completely abrogate proximal TCR signaling. These defects result in complex phenotypic manifestations that are not limited to immunodeficiency, but also include immune dysregulation. The identification of these conditions may also prompt development of novel therapeutic strategies for autoimmune disorders.
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Ghosh S, Bienemann K, Boztug K, Borkhardt A. Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) deficiency - clinical and molecular aspects. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34:892-9. [PMID: 25339095 PMCID: PMC4220104 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In patients with underlying immunodeficiency, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may lead to severe immune dysregulation manifesting as fatal mononucleosis, lymphoma, lymphoproliferative disease (LPD), lymphomatoid granulomatosis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and dysgammaglobulinemia. Several newly discovered primary immunodeficiencies (STK4, CD27, MAGT1, CORO1A) have been described in recent years; our group and collaborators were able to reveal the pathogenicity of mutations in the Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell Kinase (ITK) in a cohort of nine patients with most patients presenting with massive EBV B-cell lymphoproliferation. This review summarizes the clinical and immunological findings in these patients. Moreover, we describe the functional consequences of the mutations and draw comparisons with the extensively investigated function of ITK in vitro and in the murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujal Ghosh
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Da Roit F, Engelberts PJ, Taylor RP, Breij ECW, Gritti G, Rambaldi A, Introna M, Parren PWHI, Beurskens FJ, Golay J. Ibrutinib interferes with the cell-mediated anti-tumor activities of therapeutic CD20 antibodies: implications for combination therapy. Haematologica 2014; 100:77-86. [PMID: 25344523 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.107011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib and phosphatidyl-4-5-biphosphate 3-kinase-δ inhibitor idelalisib are promising drugs for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, either alone or in combination with anti-CD20 antibodies. We investigated the possible positive or negative impact of these drugs on all known mechanisms of action of both type I and type II anti-CD20 antibodies. Pretreatment with ibrutinib for 1 hour did not increase direct cell death of cell lines or chronic lymphocytic leukemia samples mediated by anti-CD20 antibodies. Pre-treatment with ibrutinib did not inhibit complement activation or complement-mediated lysis. In contrast, ibrutinib strongly inhibited all cell-mediated mechanisms induced by anti-CD20 antibodies rituximab, ofatumumab or obinutuzumab, either in purified systems or whole blood assays. Activation of natural killer cells, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by these cells, as well as phagocytosis by macrophages or neutrophils were inhibited by ibrutinib with a half maximal effective concentration of 0.3-3 μM. Analysis of anti-CD20 mediated activation of natural killer cells isolated from patients on continued oral ibrutinib treatment suggested that repeated drug dosing inhibits these cells in vivo. Finally we show that the phosphatidyl-4-5-biphosphate 3-kinase-δ inhibitor idelalisib similarly inhibited the immune cell-mediated mechanisms induced by anti-CD20 antibodies, although the effects of this drug at 10 μM were weaker than those observed with ibrutinib at the same concentration. We conclude that the design of combined treatment schedules of anti-CD20 antibodies with these kinase inhibitors should consider the multiple negative interactions between these two classes of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Da Roit
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Ronald P Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Giuseppe Gritti
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Paul W H I Parren
- Genmab, Utrecht, the Netherlands Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Josée Golay
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
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