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Gençer EB, Lor YK, Abomaray F, El Andaloussi S, Pernemalm M, Sharma N, Hagey DW, Görgens A, Gustafsson MO, Le Blanc K, Asad Toonsi M, Walther-Jallow L, Götherström C. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of fetal versus adult mesenchymal stromal cells and mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:77. [PMID: 38475970 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) can regenerate tissues through engraftment and differentiation but also via paracrine signalling via extracellular vesicles (EVs). Fetal-derived MSCs (fMSCs) have been shown, both in vitro and in animal studies, to be more efficient than adult MSC (aMSCs) in generating bone and muscle but the underlying reason for this difference has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, we aimed to systematically investigate the differences between fetal and adult MSCs and MSC-derived EVs at the phenotypic, RNA, and protein levels. METHODS We carried out a detailed and comparative characterization of culture-expanded fetal liver derived MSCs (fMSCs) and adult bone marrow derived MSCs (aMSCs) phenotypically, and the MSCs and MSC-derived EVs were analysed using transcriptomics and proteomics approaches with RNA Sequencing and Mass Spectrometry. RESULTS Fetal MSCs were smaller, exhibited increased proliferation and colony-forming capacity, delayed onset of senescence, and demonstrated superior osteoblast differentiation capability compared to their adult counterparts. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that fMSCs displayed upregulated gene sets such as "Positive regulation of stem cell populations", "Maintenance of stemness" and "Muscle cell development/contraction/Myogenesis" in comparison to aMSCs. Conversely, aMSCs displayed upregulated gene sets such as "Complement cascade", "Adipogenesis", "Extracellular matrix glycoproteins" and "Cellular metabolism", and on the protein level, "Epithelial cell differentiation" pathways. Signalling entropy analysis suggested that fMSCs exhibit higher signalling promiscuity and hence, higher potency than aMSCs. Gene ontology comparisons revealed that fetal MSC-derived EVs (fEVs) were enriched for "Collagen fibril organization", "Protein folding", and "Response to transforming growth factor beta" compared to adult MSC-derived EVs (aEVs), whereas no significant difference in protein expression in aEVs compared to fEVs could be detected. CONCLUSIONS This study provides detailed and systematic insight into the differences between fMSCs and aMSCs, and MSC-derived EVs. The key finding across phenotypic, transcriptomic and proteomic levels is that fMSCs exhibit higher potency than aMSCs, meaning they are in a more undifferentiated state. Additionally, fMSCs and fMSC-derived EVs may possess greater bone forming capacity compared to aMSCs. Therefore, using fMSCs may lead to better treatment efficacy, especially in musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Begüm Gençer
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuk Kit Lor
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fawaz Abomaray
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Pernemalm
- Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology- Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology- Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel W Hagey
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Görgens
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuela O Gustafsson
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Le Blanc
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mawaddah Asad Toonsi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lilian Walther-Jallow
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Götherström
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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van de Wakker SI, Bauzá‐Martinez J, Ríos Arceo C, Manjikian H, Snijders Blok CJB, Roefs MT, Willms E, Maas RGC, Pronker MF, de Jong OG, Wu W, Görgens A, El Andaloussi S, Sluijter JPG, Vader P. Size matters: Functional differences of small extracellular vesicle subpopulations in cardiac repair responses. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12396. [PMID: 38179654 PMCID: PMC10767609 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cell (CPC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) exhibit great potential to stimulate cardiac repair. However, the multifaceted nature of sEV heterogeneity presents a challenge in understanding the distinct mechanisms underlying their regenerative abilities. Here, a dual-step multimodal flowthrough and size-exclusion chromatography method was applied to isolate and separate CPC-derived sEV subpopulations to study the functional differences related to cardiac repair responses. Three distinct sEV subpopulations were identified with unique protein profiles. Functional cell assays for cardiac repair-related processes demonstrated that the middle-sized and smallest-sized sEV subpopulations exhibited the highest pro-angiogenic and anti-fibrotic activities. Proteasome activity was uniquely seen in the smallest-sized subpopulation. The largest-sized subpopulation showed no effect in any of the functional assays. This research uncovers the existence of sEV subpopulations, each characterized by a distinct composition and biological function. Enhancing our understanding of sEV heterogeneity will provide valuable insights into sEV mechanisms of action, ultimately accelerating the translation of sEV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonides Immanuel van de Wakker
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Julia Bauzá‐Martinez
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Carla Ríos Arceo
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Herak Manjikian
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Christian Jamie Bernard Snijders Blok
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marieke Theodora Roefs
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Eduard Willms
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Renee Goverdina Catharina Maas
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Matti Feije Pronker
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Olivier Gerrit de Jong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS)Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Department of PharmacyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholm, HuddingeSweden
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholm, HuddingeSweden
| | - Joost Petrus Gerardus Sluijter
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Pieter Vader
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Circulatory health Research CenterUniversity Utrecht, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- CDL ResearchUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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3
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Heidegger S, Stritzke F, Dahl S, Daßler-Plenker J, Joachim L, Buschmann D, Fan K, Sauer CM, Ludwig N, Winter C, Enssle S, Li S, Perl M, Görgens A, Haas T, Orberg ET, Göttert S, Wölfel C, Engleitner T, Cortés-Ciriano I, Rad R, Herr W, Giebel B, Ruland J, Bassermann F, Coch C, Hartmann G, Poeck H. Targeting nucleic acid sensors in tumor cells to reprogram biogenesis and RNA cargo of extracellular vesicles for T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101171. [PMID: 37657445 PMCID: PMC10518594 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been associated with immune evasion and tumor progression. We show that the RNA-sensing receptor RIG-I within tumor cells governs biogenesis and immunomodulatory function of EVs. Cancer-intrinsic RIG-I activation releases EVs, which mediate dendritic cell maturation and T cell antitumor immunity, synergizing with immune checkpoint blockade. Intact RIG-I, autocrine interferon signaling, and the GTPase Rab27a in tumor cells are required for biogenesis of immunostimulatory EVs. Active intrinsic RIG-I signaling governs composition of the tumor EV RNA cargo including small non-coding stimulatory RNAs. High transcriptional activity of EV pathway genes and RIG-I in melanoma samples associate with prolonged patient survival and beneficial response to immunotherapy. EVs generated from human melanoma after RIG-I stimulation induce potent antigen-specific T cell responses. We thus define a molecular pathway that can be targeted in tumors to favorably alter EV immunomodulatory function. We propose "reprogramming" of tumor EVs as a personalized strategy for T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Heidegger
- Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Florian Stritzke
- Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Dahl
- Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Daßler-Plenker
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Laura Joachim
- Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Buschmann
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Kaiji Fan
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carolin M Sauer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nils Ludwig
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christof Winter
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Enssle
- Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Suqi Li
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Perl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Haas
- Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Erik Thiele Orberg
- Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sascha Göttert
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Catherine Wölfel
- Internal Medicine III, University Cancer Center and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isidro Cortés-Ciriano
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roland Rad
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Bassermann
- Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Coch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Regensburg, Germany; Center for Immunomedicine in Transplantation and Oncology (CITO), Regensburg, Germany.
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4
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Hagey DW, Ojansivu M, Bostancioglu BR, Saher O, Bost JP, Gustafsson MO, Gramignoli R, Svahn M, Gupta D, Stevens MM, Görgens A, El Andaloussi S. The cellular response to extracellular vesicles is dependent on their cell source and dose. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh1168. [PMID: 37656796 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been established to play important roles in cell-cell communication and shown promise as therapeutic agents. However, we still lack a basic understanding of how cells respond upon exposure to EVs from different cell sources at various doses. Thus, we treated fibroblasts with EVs from 12 different cell sources at doses between 20 and 200,000 per cell, analyzed their transcriptional effects, and functionally confirmed the findings in various cell types in vitro, and in vivo using single-cell RNA sequencing. Unbiased global analysis revealed EV dose to have a more significant effect than cell source, such that high doses down-regulated exocytosis and up-regulated lysosomal activity. However, EV cell source-specific responses were observed at low doses, and these reflected the activities of the EV's source cells. Last, we assessed EV-derived transcript abundance and found that immune cell-derived EVs were most associated with recipient cells. Together, this study provides important insights into the cellular response to EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Hagey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miina Ojansivu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beklem R Bostancioglu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Osama Saher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jeremy P Bost
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuela O Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Dhanu Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Hagey DW, Kvedaraite E, Akber M, Görgens A, Javadi J, Von Bahr Greenwood T, Björklund C, Åkefeldt SO, Hannegård-Hamrin T, Arnell H, Dobra K, Herold N, Svensson M, El Andaloussi S, Henter JI, Lourda M. Myeloid cells from Langerhans cell histiocytosis patients exhibit increased vesicle trafficking and an altered secretome capable of activating NK cells. Haematologica 2023; 108:2422-2434. [PMID: 36924254 PMCID: PMC10483349 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.282638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a potentially life-threatening inflammatory myeloid neoplasia linked to pediatric neurodegeneration, whereby transformed LCH cells form agglomerated lesions in various organs. Although MAP-kinase pathway mutations have been identified in LCH cells, the functional consequences of these mutations and the mechanisms that cause the pathogenic behavior of LCH cells are not well understood. In our study, we used an in vitro differentiation system and RNA-sequencing to compare monocyte-derived dendritic cells from LCH patients to those derived from healthy controls or patients with Crohn's disease, a non-histiocytic inflammatory disease. We observed that interferon-γ treatment exacerbated intrinsic differences between LCH patient and control cells, including strikingly increased endo- and exocytosis gene activity in LCH patients. We validated these transcriptional patterns in lesions and functionally confirmed that LCH cells exhibited increased endo- and exocytosis. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing of extracellular vesicles revealed the enrichment of pathological transcripts involved in cell adhesion, MAP-kinase pathway, vesicle trafficking and T-cell activation in LCH patients. Thus, we tested the effect of the LCH secretome on lymphocyte activity and found significant activation of NK cells. These findings implicate extracellular vesicles in the pathology of LCH for the first time, in line with their established roles in the formation of various other tumor niches. Thus, we describe novel traits of LCH patient cells and suggest a pathogenic mechanism of potential therapeutic and diagnostic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Hagey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 52 Sweden; Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77 Sweden.
| | - Egle Kvedaraite
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77 Sweden; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 52 Sweden; Department of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 76 Sweden
| | - Mira Akber
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 52 Sweden
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 52 Sweden; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, 451 47 Germany
| | - Joman Javadi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 52 Sweden
| | - Tatiana Von Bahr Greenwood
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77 Sweden; Pediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 76 Sweden
| | - Caroline Björklund
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, 901 89 Sweden
| | - Selma Olsson Åkefeldt
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77 Sweden; Theme of Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 76 Sweden
| | - Tova Hannegård-Hamrin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77 Sweden; Department of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 76 Sweden
| | - Henrik Arnell
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76 Sweden
| | - Katalin Dobra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 52 Sweden
| | - Nikolas Herold
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77 Sweden; Pediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 76 Sweden
| | - Mattias Svensson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 52 Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 52 Sweden
| | - Jan-Inge Henter
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77 Sweden; Pediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 76 Sweden
| | - Magda Lourda
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77 Sweden; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 52 Sweden.
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6
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Zheng W, Rädler J, Sork H, Niu Z, Roudi S, Bost JP, Görgens A, Zhao Y, Mamand DR, Liang X, Wiklander OPB, Lehto T, Gupta D, Nordin JZ, El Andaloussi S. Identification of scaffold proteins for improved endogenous engineering of extracellular vesicles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4734. [PMID: 37550290 PMCID: PMC10406850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining ground as next-generation drug delivery modalities. Genetic fusion of the protein of interest to a scaffold protein with high EV-sorting ability represents a robust cargo loading strategy. To address the paucity of such scaffold proteins, we leverage a simple and reliable assay that can distinguish intravesicular cargo proteins from surface- as well as non-vesicular proteins and compare the EV-sorting potential of 244 candidate proteins. We identify 24 proteins with conserved EV-sorting abilities across five types of producer cells. TSPAN2 and TSPAN3 emerge as lead candidates and outperform the well-studied CD63 scaffold. Importantly, these engineered EVs show promise as delivery vehicles in cell cultures and mice as demonstrated by efficient transfer of luminal cargo proteins as well as surface display of different functional entities. The discovery of these scaffolds provides a platform for EV-based engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zheng
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Julia Rädler
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Helena Sork
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Zheyu Niu
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Samantha Roudi
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jeremy P Bost
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - André Görgens
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ying Zhao
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Doste R Mamand
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xiuming Liang
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Oscar P B Wiklander
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Taavi Lehto
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Joel Z Nordin
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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7
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Li C, Sun C, Lohcharoenkal W, Ali MM, Xing P, Zheng W, Görgens A, Gustafsson MO, El Andaloussi S, Sonkoly E, Pivarcsi A. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma-derived extracellular vesicles exert an oncogenic role by activating cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:260. [PMID: 37495566 PMCID: PMC10372068 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a fast-increasing cancer with metastatic potential. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles that play important roles in intercellular communication, particularly in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here we report that cSCC cells secrete an increased number of EVs relative to normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) and that interfering with the capacity of cSCC to secrete EVs inhibits tumor growth in vivo in a xenograft model of human cSCC. Transcriptome analysis of tumor xenografts by RNA-sequencing enabling the simultaneous quantification of both the human and the mouse transcripts revealed that impaired EV-production of cSCC cells prominently altered the phenotype of stromal cells, in particular genes related to extracellular matrix (ECM)-formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In line with these results, co-culturing of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) with cSCC cells, but not with normal keratinocytes in vitro resulted in acquisition of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype. Interestingly, EVs derived from metastatic cSCC cells, but not primary cSCCs or NHEKs, were efficient in converting HDFs to CAFs. Multiplex bead-based flow cytometry assay and mass-spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic analyses revealed the heterogenous cargo of cSCC-derived EVs and that especially EVs derived from metastatic cSCCs carry proteins associated with EV-biogenesis, EMT, and cell migration. Mechanistically, EVs from metastatic cSCC cells result in the activation of TGFβ signaling in HDFs. Altogether, our study suggests that cSCC-derived EVs mediate cancer-stroma communication, in particular the conversion of fibroblasts to CAFs, which eventually contribute to cSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chengxi Sun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Warangkana Lohcharoenkal
- Unit of Dermatology and Venerology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE, 17176, Sweden
| | - Mohamad Moustafa Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pengwei Xing
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wenyi Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuela O Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Enikö Sonkoly
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Unit of Dermatology and Venerology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE, 17176, Sweden
| | - Andor Pivarcsi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Unit of Dermatology and Venerology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE, 17176, Sweden.
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8
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Li L, Mussack V, Görgens A, Pepeldjiyska E, Hartz AS, Aslan H, Rackl E, Rank A, Schmohl J, El Andaloussi S, Pfaffl MW, Schmetzer H. The potential role of serum extracellular vesicle derived small RNAs in AML research as non-invasive biomarker. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:1691-1705. [PMID: 36926576 PMCID: PMC10012871 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00959e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EV) are cell-derived vesicles released by all cells in health and disease. Accordingly, EVs are also released by cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a hematologic malignancy characterized by uncontrolled growth of immature myeloid cells, and these EVs likely carry markers and molecular cargo reflecting the malignant transformation occurring in diseased cells. Monitoring antileukemic or proleukemic processes during disease development and treatment is essential. Therefore, EVs and EV-derived microRNA (miRNA) from AML samples were explored as biomarkers to distinguish disease-related patterns ex vivo or in vivo. METHODOLOGY EVs were purified from serum of healthy (H) volunteers and AML patients by immunoaffinity. EV surface protein profiles were analyzed by multiplex bead-based flow cytometry (MBFCM) and total RNA was isolated from EVs prior to miRNA profiling via small RNA sequencing. RESULTS MBFCM revealed different surface protein patterns in H versus AML EVs. miRNA analysis showed individual as well as highly dysregulated patterns in H and AML samples. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we provide a proof-of-concept for the discriminative potential of EV derived miRNA profiles as biomarkers in H versus AML samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Immune-Modulation, Medical Department III, University Hospital of Munich Marchioninistraße 15 81377 Munich Germany +49 89 4400 76137 +49 89 4400 73137
| | - Veronika Mussack
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen Germany
| | - Elena Pepeldjiyska
- Immune-Modulation, Medical Department III, University Hospital of Munich Marchioninistraße 15 81377 Munich Germany +49 89 4400 76137 +49 89 4400 73137
| | - Anne Sophie Hartz
- Immune-Modulation, Medical Department III, University Hospital of Munich Marchioninistraße 15 81377 Munich Germany +49 89 4400 76137 +49 89 4400 73137
| | - Hazal Aslan
- Immune-Modulation, Medical Department III, University Hospital of Munich Marchioninistraße 15 81377 Munich Germany +49 89 4400 76137 +49 89 4400 73137
| | - Elias Rackl
- Immune-Modulation, Medical Department III, University Hospital of Munich Marchioninistraße 15 81377 Munich Germany +49 89 4400 76137 +49 89 4400 73137
| | - Andreas Rank
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Augsburg Augsburg Germany
| | - Jörg Schmohl
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Helga Schmetzer
- Immune-Modulation, Medical Department III, University Hospital of Munich Marchioninistraße 15 81377 Munich Germany +49 89 4400 76137 +49 89 4400 73137
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9
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Welsh JA, Arkesteijn GJA, Bremer M, Cimorelli M, Dignat-George F, Giebel B, Görgens A, Hendrix A, Kuiper M, Lacroix R, Lannigan J, van Leeuwen TG, Lozano-Andrés E, Rao S, Robert S, de Rond L, Tang VA, Tertel T, Yan X, Wauben MHM, Nolan JP, Jones JC, Nieuwland R, van der Pol E. A compendium of single extracellular vesicle flow cytometry. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12299. [PMID: 36759917 PMCID: PMC9911638 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) offers a multiparametric technology capable of characterizing single extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, most flow cytometers are designed to detect cells, which are larger than EVs. Whereas cells exceed the background noise, signals originating from EVs partly overlap with the background noise, thereby making EVs more difficult to detect than cells. This technical mismatch together with complexity of EV-containing fluids causes limitations and challenges with conducting, interpreting and reproducing EV FCM experiments. To address and overcome these challenges, researchers from the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC), and the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) joined forces and initiated the EV FCM working group. To improve the interpretation, reporting, and reproducibility of future EV FCM data, the EV FCM working group published an ISEV position manuscript outlining a framework of minimum information that should be reported about an FCM experiment on single EVs (MIFlowCyt-EV). However, the framework contains limited background information. Therefore, the goal of this compendium is to provide the background information necessary to design and conduct reproducible EV FCM experiments. This compendium contains background information on EVs, the interaction between light and EVs, FCM hardware, experimental design and preanalytical procedures, sample preparation, assay controls, instrument data acquisition and calibration, EV characterization, and data reporting. Although this compendium focuses on EVs, many concepts and explanations could also be applied to FCM detection of other particles within the EV size range, such as bacteria, lipoprotein particles, milk fat globules, and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ger J A Arkesteijn
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Bremer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Cimorelli
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Clinical Research Center, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Ltd, Oxford, UK
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martine Kuiper
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Metrology Institute, VSL, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Joanne Lannigan
- Flow Cytometry Support Services, LLC, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Andrés
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shoaib Rao
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stéphane Robert
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Leonie de Rond
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vera A Tang
- Flow Cytometry & Virometry Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John P Nolan
- Scintillon Institute, San Diego, California, USA
- Cellarcus Biosciences, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Li C, Sun C, Elton J, Lohcharoenkal W, Görgens A, El Andaloussi S, Sonkoly E, Pivarcsi A. 496 Comprehensive analysis of extracellular vesicles surface markers produced by normal keratinocytes human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell lines reveals phenotypic heterogeneity. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Görgens A, Corso G, Hagey DW, Jawad Wiklander R, Gustafsson MO, Felldin U, Lee Y, Bostancioglu RB, Sork H, Liang X, Zheng W, Mohammad DK, van de Wakker SI, Vader P, Zickler AM, Mamand DR, Ma L, Holme MN, Stevens MM, Wiklander OPB, El Andaloussi S. Identification of storage conditions stabilizing extracellular vesicles preparations. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12238. [PMID: 35716060 PMCID: PMC9206228 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes and hold great potential for therapeutic and diagnostic use. Despite significant advances within the last decade, the key issue of EV storage stability remains unresolved and under investigated. Here, we aimed to identify storage conditions stabilizing EVs and comprehensively compared the impact of various storage buffer formulations at different temperatures on EVs derived from different cellular sources for up to 2 years. EV features including concentration, diameter, surface protein profile and nucleic acid contents were assessed by complementary methods, and engineered EVs containing fluorophores or functionalized surface proteins were utilized to compare cellular uptake and ligand binding. We show that storing EVs in PBS over time leads to drastically reduced recovery particularly for pure EV samples at all temperatures tested, starting already within days. We further report that using PBS as diluent was found to result in severely reduced EV recovery rates already within minutes. Several of the tested new buffer conditions largely prevented the observed effects, the lead candidate being PBS supplemented with human albumin and trehalose (PBS-HAT). We report that PBS-HAT buffer facilitates clearly improved short-term and long-term EV preservation for samples stored at -80°C, stability throughout several freeze-thaw cycles, and drastically improved EV recovery when using a diluent for EV samples for downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, UK
| | - Giulia Corso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel W Hagey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rim Jawad Wiklander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuela O Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Felldin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yi Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Beklem Bostancioglu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Sork
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Xiuming Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenyi Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dara K Mohammad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Simonides I van de Wakker
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Vader
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antje M Zickler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Doste R Mamand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margaret N Holme
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oscar P B Wiklander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, UK
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Bost JP, Saher O, Hagey D, Mamand DR, Liang X, Zheng W, Corso G, Gustafsson O, Görgens A, Smith CIE, Zain R, El Andaloussi S, Gupta D. Growth Media Conditions Influence the Secretion Route and Release Levels of Engineered Extracellular Vesicles. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101658. [PMID: 34773385 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized cell-derived vesicles produced by all cells, which provide a route of intercellular communication by transmitting biological cargo. While EVs offer promise as therapeutic agents, the molecular mechanisms of EV biogenesis are not yet fully elucidated, in part due to the concurrence of numerous interwoven pathways which give rise to heterogenous EV populations in vitro. The equilibrium between the EV-producing pathways is heavily influenced by factors in the extracellular environment, in such a way that can be taken advantage of to boost production of engineered EVs. In this study, a quantifiable EV-engineering approach is used to investigate how different cell media conditions alter EV production. The presence of serum, exogenous EVs, and other signaling factors in cell media alters EV production at the physical, molecular, and transcriptional levels. Further, it is demonstrated that the ceramide-dependent EV biogenesis route is the major pathway to production of engineered EVs during optimized EV-production. These findings suggest a novel understanding to the mechanisms underlying EV production in cell culture which can be applied to develop advanced EV production methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P. Bost
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - Osama Saher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Daniel Hagey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - Doste R. Mamand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Cihan University‐Erbil Arbil 5XC8+WV Iraq
| | - Xiuming Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - Wenyi Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - Giulia Corso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - Oskar Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - CI Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - Rula Zain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
- Centre for Rare Diseases Department of Clinical Genetics Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm SE‐171 76 Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
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13
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Li L, Görgens A, Mussack V, Pepeldjiyska E, Hartz AS, Rank A, Schmohl J, Krämer D, Andaloussi SE, Pfaffl MW, Schmetzer H. Description and optimization of a multiplex bead-based flow cytometry method (MBFCM) to characterize extracellular vesicles in serum samples from patients with hematological malignancies. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1600-1615. [PMID: 35477770 PMCID: PMC9663305 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles produced by all cells under physiological and pathological conditions. In hematological malignancies, tumor-derived EVs might reprogram the bone marrow environment, suppress antileukemic immunity, mediate drug resistance and interfere with immunotherapies. EVs collected from the serum of leukemic samples might correlate with disease stage, drug-/immunological resistance, or might correlate with antileukemic immunity/immune response. Special EV surface protein patterns in serum have the potential as noninvasive biomarker candidates to distinguish several disease-related patterns ex vivo or in vivo. EVs were isolated from the serum of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) patients, and healthy volunteers. EVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis, and EV surface protein profiles were analyzed by multiplex bead-based flow cytometry to identify tumor- or immune system-related EVs of AML, ALL, CLL, and healthy samples. Aiming to provide proof-of-concept evidence and methodology for the potential role of serum-derived EVs as biomarkers in leukemic versus healthy samples in this study, we hope to pave the way for future detection of promising biomarkers for imminent disease progression and the identification of potential targets to be used in a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Working-group: Immune-Modulation, Medical Department III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronika Mussack
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Elena Pepeldjiyska
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Working-group: Immune-Modulation, Medical Department III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Sophie Hartz
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Working-group: Immune-Modulation, Medical Department III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Rank
- grid.419801.50000 0000 9312 0220Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schmohl
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Doris Krämer
- Department of Heamatology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Ameos Klinikum Mitte, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Helga Schmetzer
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Working-group: Immune-Modulation, Medical Department III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
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14
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Dar GH, Mendes CC, Kuan WL, Speciale AA, Conceição M, Görgens A, Uliyakina I, Lobo MJ, Lim WF, El Andaloussi S, Mäger I, Roberts TC, Barker RA, Goberdhan DCI, Wilson C, Wood MJA. Author Correction: GAPDH controls extracellular vesicle biogenesis and enhances the therapeutic potential of EV mediated siRNA delivery to the brain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7357. [PMID: 34916508 PMCID: PMC8677793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hassan Dar
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Cláudia C Mendes
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Wei-Li Kuan
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Alfina A Speciale
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Mariana Conceição
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, 14186, Stockholme, Sweden
| | - Inna Uliyakina
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Miguel J Lobo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Wooi F Lim
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, 14186, Stockholme, Sweden
| | - Imre Mäger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Thomas C Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 9DU, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Deborah C I Goberdhan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Clive Wilson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 9DU, UK.
- Oxford-Harrington Rare Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 9DU, UK.
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15
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van de Wakker SI, van Oudheusden J, Mol EA, Roefs MT, Zheng W, Görgens A, El Andaloussi S, Sluijter JPG, Vader P. Influence of short term storage conditions, concentration methodsand excipients on extracellular vesicle recovery and function. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 170:59-69. [PMID: 34864197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer enclosed vesicles which play an important role in intercellular communication. To date, many studies have focused on therapeutic application of EVs. However, to progress EV applications faster towards the clinic, more information about the physical stability and scalable production of EVs is needed. The goal of this study was to evaluate EV recovery and function after varying several conditions in the isolation process or during storage. Physical stability and recovery rates of EVs were evaluated by measuring EV size, particle and protein yields using nanoparticle tracking analysis, microBCA protein quantification assay and transmission electron microscopy. Western blot analyses of specific EV markers were performed to determine EV yields and purity. EV functionality was tested in an endothelial cell wound healing assay. Higher EV recovery rates were found when using HEPES buffered saline (HBS) as buffer compared to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) during EV isolation. When concentrating EVs, 15 ml spinfilters with a 10 kDa membrane cutoff gave the highest EV recovery. Next, EV storage in polypropylene tubes was shown to be superior compared to glass tubes. The use of protective excipients during EV storage, i.e. bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Tween 20, improved EV preservation without influencing their functionality. Finally, it was shown that both 4 °C and -80 °C are suitable for short term storage of EVs. Together, our results indicate that optimizing buffer compositions, concentrating steps, protective excipients and storage properties may collectively increase EV recovery rates significantly while preserving their functional properties, which accelerates translation of EV-based therapeutics towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I van de Wakker
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - J van Oudheusden
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - E A Mol
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - M T Roefs
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - W Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - P Vader
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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16
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Dar GH, Mendes CC, Kuan WL, Speciale AA, Conceição M, Görgens A, Uliyakina I, Lobo MJ, Lim WF, El Andaloussi S, Mäger I, Roberts TC, Barker RA, Goberdhan DCI, Wilson C, Wood MJA. GAPDH controls extracellular vesicle biogenesis and enhances the therapeutic potential of EV mediated siRNA delivery to the brain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6666. [PMID: 34795295 PMCID: PMC8602309 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biological nanoparticles with important roles in intercellular communication, and potential as drug delivery vehicles. Here we demonstrate a role for the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in EV assembly and secretion. We observe high levels of GAPDH binding to the outer surface of EVs via a phosphatidylserine binding motif (G58), which promotes extensive EV clustering. Further studies in a Drosophila EV biogenesis model reveal that GAPDH is required for the normal generation of intraluminal vesicles in endosomal compartments, and promotes vesicle clustering. Fusion of the GAPDH-derived G58 peptide to dsRNA-binding motifs enables highly efficient loading of small interfering RNA (siRNA) onto the EV surface. Such vesicles efficiently deliver siRNA to multiple anatomical regions of the brain in a Huntington's disease mouse model after systemic injection, resulting in silencing of the huntingtin gene in different regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hassan Dar
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Cláudia C Mendes
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Wei-Li Kuan
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Alfina A Speciale
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Mariana Conceição
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, 14186, Stockholme, Sweden
| | - Inna Uliyakina
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Miguel J Lobo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Wooi F Lim
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, 14186, Stockholme, Sweden
| | - Imre Mäger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Thomas C Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 9DU, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Deborah C I Goberdhan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Clive Wilson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 9DU, UK.
- Oxford-Harrington Rare Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 9DU, UK.
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17
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Javadi J, Görgens A, Vanky H, Gupta D, Hjerpe A, EL-Andaloussi S, Hagey D, Dobra K. Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility of the Extracellular Vesicles Subpopulations Present in Pleural Effusion. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111606. [PMID: 34827604 PMCID: PMC8615485 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are released by all cells into the extracellular matrix and body fluids, where they play important roles in intercellular communication and matrix remodeling in various pathological conditions. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a primary tumor of mesothelial origin, predominantly related to asbestos exposure. The detection of MPM at an early stage and distinguishing it from benign conditions and metastatic adenocarcinomas (AD) is sometimes challenging. Pleural effusion is often the first available biological material and an ideal source for characterizing diagnostic and prognostic factors. Specific proteins have previously been identified as diagnostic markers in effusion, but it is not currently known whether these are associated with vesicles or released in soluble form. Here, we study and characterize tumor heterogeneity and extracellular vesicle diversity in pleural effusion as diagnostic or prognostic markers for MPM. We analyzed extracellular vesicles and soluble proteins from 27 pleural effusions, which were collected and processed at the department of pathology and cytology at Karolinska University Hospital, representing three different patient groups, MPM (n = 9), benign (n = 6), and AD (n = 12). The vesicles were fractionated into apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes by differential centrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting. Multiplex bead-based flow cytometry analysis showed that exosomal markers were expressed differently on EVs present in different fractions. Further characterization of exosomes by a multiplex immunoassay (Luminex) showed that all soluble proteins studied were also present in exosomes, though the ratio of protein concentration present in supernatant versus exosomes varied. The proportion of Angiopoietin-1 present in exosomes was generally higher in benign compared to malignant samples. The corresponding ratios of Mesothelin, Galectin-1, Osteopontin, and VEGF were higher in MPM effusions compared to those in the benign group. These findings demonstrate that relevant diagnostic markers can be recovered from exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joman Javadi
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.V.); (A.H.); (K.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-76-261-5122
| | - André Görgens
- Division of BCM, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.G.); (D.G.); (S.E.-A.); (D.H.)
| | - Hanna Vanky
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.V.); (A.H.); (K.D.)
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Division of BCM, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.G.); (D.G.); (S.E.-A.); (D.H.)
| | - Anders Hjerpe
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.V.); (A.H.); (K.D.)
| | - Samir EL-Andaloussi
- Division of BCM, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.G.); (D.G.); (S.E.-A.); (D.H.)
| | - Daniel Hagey
- Division of BCM, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.G.); (D.G.); (S.E.-A.); (D.H.)
| | - Katalin Dobra
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.V.); (A.H.); (K.D.)
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18
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Hagey DW, Kordes M, Görgens A, Mowoe MO, Nordin JZ, Moro CF, Löhr J, EL Andaloussi S. Extracellular vesicles are the primary source of blood-borne tumour-derived mutant KRAS DNA early in pancreatic cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12142. [PMID: 34595842 PMCID: PMC8485184 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to now, the field of liquid biopsies has focused on circulating tumour DNA and cells, though extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been of increasing interest in recent years. Thus, reported sources of tumour-derived nucleic acids include leukocytes, platelets and apoptotic bodies (AB), as well as large (LEV) and small (SEV) EVs. Despite these competing claims, there has yet to be a standardized comparison of the tumour-derived DNA associated with different components of blood. To address this issue, we collected twenty-three blood samples from seventeen patients with pancreatic cancers of known mutant KRAS G12 genotype, and divided them into two groups based on the time of patient survival following sampling. After collecting red and white blood cells, we subjected 1 ml aliquots of platelet rich plasma to differential centrifugation in order to separate the platelets, ABs, LEVs, SEVs and soluble proteins (SP) present. We then confirmed the enrichment of specific blood components in each differential centrifugation fraction using electron microscopy, Western blotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis and bead-based multiplex flow cytometry assays. By targeting wild type and tumour-specific mutant KRAS alleles using digital PCR, we found that the levels of mutant KRAS DNA were highest in association with LEVs and SEVs early, and with SEVs and SP late in disease progression. Importantly, we established that SEVs were the most enriched in tumour-derived DNA throughout disease progression, and verified this association using size exclusion chromatography. This work provides important direction for the rapidly expanding field of liquid biopsies by supporting an increased focus on EVs as a source of tumour-derived DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Hagey
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Maximilian Kordes
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and TechnologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Upper Abdominal DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg EssenEssenGermany
| | - Metoboroghene O. Mowoe
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular MedicineDivision of Chemical and Systems BiologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Joel Z. Nordin
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Molecular TherapyNational Institute of NeuroscienceNational Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP)TokyoJapan
| | - Carlos Fernández Moro
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology/CytologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - J.‐Matthias Löhr
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and TechnologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Upper Abdominal DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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19
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Gupta D, Wiklander OPB, Görgens A, Conceição M, Corso G, Liang X, Seow Y, Balusu S, Feldin U, Bostancioglu B, Jawad R, Mamand DR, Lee YXF, Hean J, Mäger I, Roberts TC, Gustafsson M, Mohammad DK, Sork H, Backlund A, Lundin P, de Fougerolles A, Smith CIE, Wood MJA, Vandenbroucke RE, Nordin JZ, El-Andaloussi S. Amelioration of systemic inflammation via the display of two different decoy protein receptors on extracellular vesicles. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:1084-1098. [PMID: 34616047 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be functionalized to display specific protein receptors on their surface. However, surface-display technology typically labels only a small fraction of the EV population. Here, we show that the joint display of two different therapeutically relevant protein receptors on EVs can be optimized by systematically screening EV-loading protein moieties. We used cytokine-binding domains derived from tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and interleukin-6 signal transducer (IL-6ST), which can act as decoy receptors for the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6, respectively. We found that the genetic engineering of EV-producing cells to express oligomerized exosomal sorting domains and the N-terminal fragment of syntenin (a cytosolic adaptor of the single transmembrane domain protein syndecan) increased the display efficiency and inhibitory activity of TNFR1 and IL-6ST and facilitated their joint display on EVs. In mouse models of systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation and intestinal inflammation, EVs displaying the cytokine decoys ameliorated the disease phenotypes with higher efficacy as compared with clinically approved biopharmaceutical agents targeting the TNF-α and IL-6 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanu Gupta
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Oscar P B Wiklander
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - André Görgens
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Giulia Corso
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiuming Liang
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yiqi Seow
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sriram Balusu
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ulrika Feldin
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beklem Bostancioglu
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rim Jawad
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Doste R Mamand
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Biology Department, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Yi Xin Fiona Lee
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Imre Mäger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas C Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuela Gustafsson
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dara K Mohammad
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Helena Sork
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Backlund
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - C I Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joel Z Nordin
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Samir El-Andaloussi
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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20
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Maire CL, Fuh MM, Kaulich K, Fita KD, Stevic I, Heiland DH, Welsh JA, Jones JC, Görgens A, Ricklefs T, Dührsen L, Sauvigny T, Joosse SA, Reifenberger G, Pantel K, Glatzel M, Miklosi AG, Felce JH, Caselli M, Pereno V, Reimer R, Schlüter H, Westphal M, Schüller U, Lamszus K, Ricklefs FL. Genome-wide methylation profiling of glioblastoma cell-derived extracellular vesicle DNA allows tumor classification. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:1087-1099. [PMID: 33508126 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling has recently been developed into a tool that allows tumor classification in central nervous system tumors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by tumor cells and contain high molecular weight DNA, rendering EVs a potential biomarker source to identify tumor subgroups, stratify patients and monitor therapy by liquid biopsy. We investigated whether the DNA in glioblastoma cell-derived EVs reflects genome-wide tumor methylation and mutational profiles and allows noninvasive tumor subtype classification. METHODS DNA was isolated from EVs secreted by glioblastoma cells as well as from matching cultured cells and tumors. EV-DNA was localized and quantified by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy. Methylation and copy number profiling was performed using 850k arrays. Mutations were identified by targeted gene panel sequencing. Proteins were differentially quantified by mass spectrometric proteomics. RESULTS Genome-wide methylation profiling of glioblastoma-derived EVs correctly identified the methylation class of the parental cells and original tumors, including the MGMT promoter methylation status. Tumor-specific mutations and copy number variations (CNV) were detected in EV-DNA with high accuracy. Different EV isolation techniques did not affect the methylation profiling and CNV results. DNA was present inside EVs and on the EV surface. Proteome analysis did not allow specific tumor identification or classification but identified tumor-associated proteins that could potentially be useful for enriching tumor-derived circulating EVs from biofluids. CONCLUSIONS This study provides proof of principle that EV-DNA reflects the genome-wide methylation, CNV, and mutational status of glioblastoma cells and enables their molecular classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile L Maire
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marceline M Fuh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kaulich
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Krystian D Fita
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ines Stevic
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dieter H Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joshua A Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, UK
| | - Tammo Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lasse Dührsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Sauvigny
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Joosse
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Rudolph Reimer
- Heinrich-Pette-Institut, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, and Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz L Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Ianni A, Hofmann M, Kumari P, Tarighi S, Al-Tamari HM, Görgens A, Giebel B, Nolte H, Krüger M, Salwig I, Pullamsetti SS, Günther A, Schneider A, Braun T. Depletion of Numb and Numblike in Murine Lung Epithelial Cells Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis by Inhibiting the β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639162. [PMID: 34124033 PMCID: PMC8187792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents the most aggressive form of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and is a highly debilitating disorder with a poorly understood etiology. The lung epithelium seems to play a critical role in the initiation and progression of the disease. A repeated injury of lung epithelial cells prompts type II alveolar cells to secrete pro-fibrotic cytokines, which induces differentiation of resident mesenchymal stem cells into myofibroblasts, thus promoting aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and formation of fibrotic lesions. Reactivation of developmental pathways such as the Wnt-β-catenin signaling cascade in lung epithelial cells plays a critical role in this process, but the underlying mechanisms are still enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that the membrane-associated protein NUMB is required for pathological activation of β-catenin signaling in lung epithelial cells following bleomycin-induced injury. Importantly, depletion of Numb and Numblike reduces accumulation of fibrotic lesions, preserves lung functions, and increases survival rates after bleomycin treatment of mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that NUMB interacts with casein kinase 2 (CK2) and relies on CK2 to activate β-catenin signaling. We propose that pharmacological inhibition of NUMB signaling may represent an effective strategy for the development of novel therapeutic approaches against PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ianni
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hofmann
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shahriar Tarighi
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hamza M Al-Tamari
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD)-Cluster of Excellence, Köln, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD)-Cluster of Excellence, Köln, Germany
| | - Isabelle Salwig
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - André Schneider
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
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22
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Cavallaro S, Pevere F, Stridfeldt F, Görgens A, Paba C, Sahu SS, Mamand DR, Gupta D, El Andaloussi S, Linnros J, Dev A. Multiparametric Profiling of Single Nanoscale Extracellular Vesicles by Combined Atomic Force and Fluorescence Microscopy: Correlation and Heterogeneity in Their Molecular and Biophysical Features. Small 2021; 17:e2008155. [PMID: 33682363 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202008155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Being a key player in intercellular communications, nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer unique opportunities for both diagnostics and therapeutics. However, their cellular origin and functional identity remain elusive due to the high heterogeneity in their molecular and physical features. Here, for the first time, multiple EV parameters involving membrane protein composition, size and mechanical properties on single small EVs (sEVs) are simultaneously studied by combined fluorescence and atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, their correlation and heterogeneity in different cellular sources are investigated. The study, performed on sEVs derived from human embryonic kidney 293, cord blood mesenchymal stromal and human acute monocytic leukemia cell lines, identifies both common and cell line-specific sEV subpopulations bearing distinct distributions of the common tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, and CD81) and biophysical properties. Although the tetraspanin abundances of individual sEVs are independent of their sizes, the expression levels of CD9 and CD63 are strongly correlated. A sEV population co-expressing all the three tetraspanins in relatively high abundance, however, having average diameters of <100 nm and relatively low Young moduli, is also found in all cell lines. Such a multiparametric approach is expected to provide new insights regarding EV biology and functions, potentially deciphering unsolved questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cavallaro
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Federico Pevere
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75121, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Stridfeldt
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - André Görgens
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4HG, UK
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Siddharth S Sahu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75121, Sweden
| | - Doste R Mamand
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4HG, UK
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4HG, UK
| | - Jan Linnros
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Apurba Dev
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75121, Sweden
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23
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Welsh JA, Tang VA, van der Pol E, Görgens A. MIFlowCyt-EV: The Next Chapter in the Reporting and Reliability of Single Extracellular Vesicle Flow Cytometry Experiments. Cytometry A 2020; 99:365-368. [PMID: 33200505 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vera A Tang
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Flow Cytometry and Virometry Core Facility, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Clinical Research Center, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evox Therapeutics Ltd, Oxford, UK
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24
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Conzelmann C, Groß R, Zou M, Krüger F, Görgens A, Gustafsson MO, El Andaloussi S, Münch J, Müller JA. Salivary extracellular vesicles inhibit Zika virus but not SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1808281. [PMID: 32939236 PMCID: PMC7480612 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1808281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is mainly transmitted via mosquitos, but human-to-human transmissions also occur. The virus is shed into various body fluids including saliva, which represents a possible source of viral transmission. Thus, we here explored whether human saliva affects ZIKV infectivity. We found that physiological concentrations of pooled saliva dose-dependently inhibit ZIKV infection of monkey and human cells by preventing viral attachment to target cells. The anti-ZIKV activity in saliva could not be abrogated by boiling, suggesting the antiviral factor is not a protein. Instead, we found that purified extracellular vesicles (EVs) from saliva inhibit ZIKV infection. Salivary EVs (saEVs) express typical EV markers such as tetraspanins CD9, CD63 and CD81 and prevent ZIKV attachment to and infection of target cells at concentrations that are naturally present in saliva. The anti-ZIKV activity of saliva is conserved but the magnitude of inhibition varies between individual donors. In contrast to ZIKV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), predominantly spreading via respiratory droplets, is not affected by saliva or saEVs. Our findings provide a plausible explanation for why ZIKV transmission via saliva, i.e. by deep kissing have not been recorded and establish a novel oral innate immune defence mechanism against some viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Conzelmann
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Min Zou
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Franziska Krüger
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janis A Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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25
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Gupta D, Liang X, Pavlova S, Wiklander OPB, Corso G, Zhao Y, Saher O, Bost J, Zickler AM, Piffko A, Maire CL, Ricklefs FL, Gustafsson O, Llorente VC, Gustafsson MO, Bostancioglu RB, Mamand DR, Hagey DW, Görgens A, Nordin JZ, El Andaloussi S. Quantification of extracellular vesicles in vitro and in vivo using sensitive bioluminescence imaging. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1800222. [PMID: 32944187 PMCID: PMC7481830 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally occurring nano-sized carriers that are secreted by cells and facilitate cell-to-cell communication by their unique ability to transfer biologically active cargo. Despite the pronounced increase in our understanding of EVs over the last decade, from disease pathophysiology to therapeutic drug delivery, improved molecular tools to track their therapeutic delivery are still needed. Unfortunately, the present catalogue of tools utilised for EV labelling lacks sensitivity or are not sufficiently specific. Here, we have explored the bioluminescent labelling of EVs using different luciferase enzymes tethered to CD63 to achieve a highly sensitive system for in vitro and in vivo tracking of EVs. Using tetraspanin fusions to either NanoLuc or ThermoLuc permits performing highly sensitive in vivo quantification of EVs or real-time imaging, respectively, at low cost and in a semi-high throughput manner. We find that the in vivo distribution pattern of EVs is determined by the route of injection, but that different EV subpopulations display differences in biodistribution patterns. By applying this technology for real-time non-invasive in vivo imaging of EVs, we show that their distribution to different internal organs occurs just minutes after administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanu Gupta
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiuming Liang
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Svetlana Pavlova
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar P B Wiklander
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Corso
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ying Zhao
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Osama Saher
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jeremy Bost
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antje M Zickler
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andras Piffko
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cecile L Maire
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz L Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oskar Gustafsson
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Manuela O Gustafsson
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Beklem Bostancioglu
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Doste R Mamand
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Iraq
| | - Daniel W Hagey
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Görgens
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joel Z Nordin
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Abstract
Virtually all cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into their environment, such as exosomes and microvesicles. EVs can mediate intercellular communication processes in a targeted manner. Representing their cell of origin, EVs contain cell type specific signatures, qualifying them as a novel class of biomarkers. Furthermore, according to their tropism to certain target cells, EVs provide promising aspects to be used as drug delivery vehicles. Depending on their origin, certain EVs contain the potential to modulate physiological and pathophysiological processes. Although the EV field provides many interesting aspects, the methodology in EV research is limited. For now, EVs are mainly analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis and bulk molecular analysis, regularly Western Blot. These technologies cannot dissect the heterogeneity of EVs observed by electron microscopy (EM). Although EM technologies help to demonstrate the heterogeneity within EV samples, EM technologies are not appropriate to perform more complex and quantitative EV analyses. Flow cytometry (FCM) is a traditional method for dissecting the heterogeneity of given cell populations in a quantitative and complex manner. However, classical FCM regularly fails to detect objects in the size range of small EVs (sEVs) that typically is in the range between 70 and 150nm. Recently, we and others demonstrated the potential of imaging FCM for the analyses of small EVs at the single vesicle level. Here, at the example of sEVs harvested from supernatants of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), we share a protocol for studying the expression of the tetraspanins CD9, CD63 and CD81 on single EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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27
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Görgens A, Nolan JP. Aiming to Compare Apples to Apples: Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles and Other Nanosized Particles by Flow Cytometry. Cytometry A 2020; 97:566-568. [PMID: 32562309 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - John P Nolan
- Scintillon Institute, San Diego, California, USA
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28
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Tertel T, Bremer M, Maire C, Lamszus K, Peine S, Jawad R, Andaloussi SE, Giebel B, Ricklefs FL, Görgens A. High‐Resolution
Imaging Flow Cytometry Reveals Impact of Incubation Temperature on Labeling of Extracellular Vesicles with Antibodies. Cytometry A 2020; 97:602-609. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Michel Bremer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Cecile Maire
- Department of Neurological Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Department of Neurological Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Sven Peine
- Department of Neurological Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Rim Jawad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Samir E.L. Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Limited Oxford UK
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Franz L. Ricklefs
- Department of Neurological Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Limited Oxford UK
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29
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Sadeghi L, Arvidsson G, Merrien M, Wasik AM, Görgens A, Smith CE, Sander B, P. Wright A. Differential B-Cell Receptor Signaling Requirement for Adhesion of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells to Stromal Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051143. [PMID: 32370190 PMCID: PMC7281289 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between lymphoma cells and stromal cells play a key role in promoting tumor survival and development of drug resistance. We identified differences in key signaling pathways between the JeKo-1 and REC-1 mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines, displaying different patterns of stromal cell adhesion and chemotaxis towards stroma-conditioned medium. The identified adhesion-regulated genes reciprocated important aspects of microenvironment-mediated gene modulation in MCL patients. Five-hundred and ninety genes were differently regulated between the cell lines upon adhesion to stromal cells, while 32 genes were similarly regulated in both cell lines. Regulation of B-cell Receptor (BCR) signature genes in adherent cells was specific for JeKo-1. Inhibition of BCR using siRNA or clinically approved inhibitors, Ibrutinib and Acalabrutinib, decreased adhesion of JeKo-1, but not REC-1 cells. Cell surface levels of chemokine receptor CXCR4 were higher in JeKo-1, facilitating migration and adhesion of JeKo-1 but not REC-1 cells. Surface levels of ICAM1 adhesion protein differ for REC-1 and JeKo-1. While ICAM1 played a positive role in adherence of both cell lines to stromal cells, S1PR1 had an inhibitory effect. Our results provide a model framework for further investigation of mechanistic differences in patient-response to new pathway-specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Sadeghi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.S.); (G.A.); (A.G.); (C.I.E.S.)
| | - Gustav Arvidsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.S.); (G.A.); (A.G.); (C.I.E.S.)
| | - Magali Merrien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.M.); (A.M.W.); (B.S.)
| | - Agata M. Wasik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.M.); (A.M.W.); (B.S.)
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.S.); (G.A.); (A.G.); (C.I.E.S.)
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg, 45 147 Essen, Germany
| | - C.I. Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.S.); (G.A.); (A.G.); (C.I.E.S.)
| | - Birgitta Sander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.M.); (A.M.W.); (B.S.)
| | - Anthony P. Wright
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.S.); (G.A.); (A.G.); (C.I.E.S.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Dampmann M, Görgens A, Möllmann M, Murke F, Dührsen U, Giebel B, Dürig J. CpG stimulation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells induces a polarized cell shape and promotes migration in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228674. [PMID: 32040489 PMCID: PMC7010256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to accomplish their physiological functions leukocytes have the capability to migrate. As a prerequisite they need to adopt a polarized cell shape, forming a leading edge at the front and a uropod at rear pole. In this study we explored the capability of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells to adopt this leukocyte-specific migration phenotype. Furthermore, we studied the impact of the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists CpGs type A, B and C and the antagonist oligodesoxynucleotide (ODN) INH-18 on the cell polarization and migration process of primary human CLL cells. Upon cultivation, a portion of purified CLL cells adopted polarized cell shapes spontaneously (range 10–38%). Stimulation with CpG ODNs type B (ODN 2006) and CpGs type C (ODN 2395) significantly increased the frequency of morphologically polarized CLL cells, while ODN INH-18 was hardly able to act antagonistically. Like in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, in morphologically polarized CLL cells CXCR4 was redistributed to the leading edge and CD50 to the uropod. Coupled to the increased frequencies of morphologically polarized cells, CpGs type B and C stimulated CLL cells showed higher migration activities in vitro and following intravenous injection higher homing frequencies to the bone marrow of immunocompromised NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice. Thus, presumably independent of TLR-9 signaling, CpGs type B and C promote the cellular polarization process of CLL cells and their ability to migrate in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dampmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Möllmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Murke
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail: (JD); (BG)
| | - Jan Dürig
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail: (JD); (BG)
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31
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Welsh JA, Van Der Pol E, Arkesteijn GJA, Bremer M, Brisson A, Coumans F, Dignat-George F, Duggan E, Ghiran I, Giebel B, Görgens A, Hendrix A, Lacroix R, Lannigan J, Libregts SFWM, Lozano-Andrés E, Morales-Kastresana A, Robert S, De Rond L, Tertel T, Tigges J, De Wever O, Yan X, Nieuwland R, Wauben MHM, Nolan JP, Jones JC. MIFlowCyt-EV: a framework for standardized reporting of extracellular vesicle flow cytometry experiments. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1713526. [PMID: 32128070 PMCID: PMC7034442 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1713526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, heterogeneous and difficult to measure. Flow cytometry (FC) is a key technology for the measurement of individual particles, but its application to the analysis of EVs and other submicron particles has presented many challenges and has produced a number of controversial results, in part due to limitations of instrument detection, lack of robust methods and ambiguities in how data should be interpreted. These complications are exacerbated by the field's lack of a robust reporting framework, and many EV-FC manuscripts include incomplete descriptions of methods and results, contain artefacts stemming from an insufficient instrument sensitivity and inappropriate experimental design and lack appropriate calibration and standardization. To address these issues, a working group (WG) of EV-FC researchers from ISEV, ISAC and ISTH, worked together as an EV-FC WG and developed a consensus framework for the minimum information that should be provided regarding EV-FC. This framework incorporates the existing Minimum Information for Studies of EVs (MISEV) guidelines and Minimum Information about a FC experiment (MIFlowCyt) standard in an EV-FC-specific reporting framework (MIFlowCyt-EV) that supports reporting of critical information related to sample staining, EV detection and measurement and experimental design in manuscripts that report EV-FC data. MIFlowCyt-EV provides a structure for sharing EV-FC results, but it does not prescribe specific protocols, as there will continue to be rapid evolution of instruments and methods for the foreseeable future. MIFlowCyt-EV accommodates this evolution, while providing information needed to evaluate and compare different approaches. Because MIFlowCyt-EV will ensure consistency in the manner of reporting of EV-FC studies, over time we expect that adoption of MIFlowCyt-EV as a standard for reporting EV- FC studies will improve the ability to quantitatively compare results from different laboratories and to support the development of new instruments and assays for improved measurement of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edwin Van Der Pol
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ger J A Arkesteijn
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Bremer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alain Brisson
- UMR-5248-CBMN, CNRS-University of Bordeaux-IPB, Pessac, France
| | - Frank Coumans
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Center of Cardiovascular Research and Nutrition (C2VN) UMR-INSERM INRA 1263, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille, France.,Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Ionita Ghiran
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Clinical Research Center, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evox Therapeutics Ltd, Oxford, UK
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Center of Cardiovascular Research and Nutrition (C2VN) UMR-INSERM INRA 1263, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille, France.,Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Joanne Lannigan
- Flow Cytometry Core, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sten F W M Libregts
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,NIHR Cambridge BRC Cell Phenotyping Hub, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Andrés
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aizea Morales-Kastresana
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Leonie De Rond
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - John Tigges
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Flow Cytometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jennifer C Jones
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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32
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Corso G, Heusermann W, Trojer D, Görgens A, Steib E, Voshol J, Graff A, Genoud C, Lee Y, Hean J, Nordin JZ, Wiklander OPB, El Andaloussi S, Meisner-Kober N. Systematic characterization of extracellular vesicle sorting domains and quantification at the single molecule - single vesicle level by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and single particle imaging. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1663043. [PMID: 31579435 PMCID: PMC6758720 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1663043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) convey biological information by transmitting macromolecules between cells and tissues and are of great promise as pharmaceutical nanocarriers, and as therapeutic per se. Strategies for customizing the EV surface and cargo are being developed to enable their tracking, visualization, loading with pharmaceutical agents and decoration of the surface with tissue targeting ligands. While much progress has been made in the engineering of EVs, an exhaustive comparative analysis of the most commonly exploited EV-associated proteins, as well as a quantification at the molecular level are lacking. Here, we selected 12 EV-related proteins based on MS-proteomics data for comparative quantification of their EV engineering potential. All proteins were expressed with fluorescent protein (FP) tags in EV-producing cells; both parent cells as well as the recovered vesicles were characterized biochemically and biophysically. Using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) we quantified the number of FP-tagged molecules per vesicle. We observed different loading efficiencies and specificities for the different proteins into EVs. For the candidates showing the highest loading efficiency in terms of engineering, the molecular levels in the vesicles did not exceed ca 40-60 fluorescent proteins per vesicle upon transient overexpression in the cells. Some of the GFP-tagged EV reporters showed quenched fluorescence and were either non-vesicular, despite co-purification with EVs, or comprised a significant fraction of truncated GFP. The co-expression of each target protein with CD63 was further quantified by widefield and confocal imaging of single vesicles after double transfection of parent cells. In summary, we provide a quantitative comparison for the most commonly used sorting proteins for bioengineering of EVs and introduce a set of biophysical techniques for straightforward quantitative and qualitative characterization of fluorescent EVs to link single vesicle analysis with single molecule quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolf Heusermann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Imaging Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Trojer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Steib
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, Geneva Switzerland
| | - Johannes Voshol
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Graff
- Facility for advanced imaging and microscopy, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christel Genoud
- Facility for advanced imaging and microscopy, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yi Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cancer and Stratified Oncology 5, Astar Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Hean
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joel Z Nordin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Nicole Meisner-Kober
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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33
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Kordelas L, Görgens A, Radtke S, Horn PA, Beelen DW, Giebel B. Allogeneic transplantation of peripheral blood stem cell grafts results in a massive decrease of primitive hematopoietic progenitor frequencies in reconstituted bone marrows. Bone Marrow Transplant 2019; 55:100-109. [PMID: 31435034 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is indicated by the reconstitution of the peripheral blood system of patients after alloSCT and the engraftment of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) into their bone marrow (BM). The number of CD34+ cells is commonly used as surrogate for the content of hematopoietic stem cells in the grafts. During the last decade, several antigens (including CD133, CD45RA, CD38, and CD10) were identified allowing discrimination of different HSPC subpopulations within the human CD34+ cell compartment. Although such studies increased our understanding of early human hematopoiesis tremendously, hardly any study dissected the CD34+ compartment in the alloSCT setting. Consequently, we comprehensively analyzed the CD34+ compartment in G-CSF-stimulated peripheral blood stem cell grafts of allogeneic donors, in BM samples of the respective recipients 4 weeks after alloSCT, and in BM samples of healthy donors. We demonstrate that alloSCT is associated with a dramatic shift from primitive to more mature HSPC types. Upon investigating whether the composition of engrafted CD34+ cells has any impact on the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease, we did not find any correlation. However, more detailed analyses of the CD34+ compartment may elucidate associations with other transplantation-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambros Kordelas
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Radtke
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter A Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dietrich W Beelen
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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34
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Sody S, Uddin M, Grüneboom A, Görgens A, Giebel B, Gunzer M, Brandau S. Distinct Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Tumor-Associated Neutrophils in Small Tumor Lesions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1419. [PMID: 31293583 PMCID: PMC6603174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Across a majority of cancer types tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) are linked with poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanisms, especially the intratumoral behavior of TAN, are largely unknown. Using intravital multiphoton imaging on a mouse model with neutrophil-specific fluorescence, we measured the migration of TAN in distinct compartments of solid tumor cell lesions in vivo. By longitudinally quantifying the infiltration and persistence of TAN into growing tumors in the same animals, we observed cells that either populated the peripheral stromal zone of the tumor (peritumoral TAN) or infiltrated into the tumor core (intratumoral TAN). Intratumoral TAN showed prolonged tumor-associated persistence and reduced motility compared to peritumoral TAN, whose velocity increased with tumor progression. Selective pharmacological blockade of CXCR2 receptors using AZD5069 profoundly inhibited recruitment of TAN into peritumoral regions, while intratumoral infiltration was only transiently attenuated and rebounded at later time points. Our findings unravel distinct spatial dynamics of TAN that are partially and differentially regulated via the CXCR2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sody
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mohib Uddin
- Respiratory Global Medicines Development (GMD), AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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35
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Cavallaro S, Horak J, Hååg P, Gupta D, Stiller C, Sahu SS, Görgens A, Gatty HK, Viktorsson K, El Andaloussi S, Lewensohn R, Karlström AE, Linnros J, Dev A. Label-Free Surface Protein Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles by an Electrokinetic Sensor. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1399-1408. [PMID: 31020844 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) generated from the endolysosomal system, often referred to as exosomes, have attracted interest as a suitable biomarker for cancer diagnostics, as they carry valuable biological information and reflect their cells of origin. Herein, we propose a simple and inexpensive electrical method for label-free detection and profiling of sEVs in the size range of exosomes. The detection method is based on the electrokinetic principle, where the change in the streaming current is monitored as the surface markers of the sEVs interact with the affinity reagents immobilized on the inner surface of a silica microcapillary. As a proof-of-concept, we detected sEVs derived from the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line H1975 for a set of representative surface markers, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD9, and CD63. The detection sensitivity was estimated to be ∼175000 sEVs, which represents a sensor surface coverage of only 0.04%. We further validated the ability of the sensor to measure the expression level of a membrane protein by using sEVs displaying artificially altered expressions of EGFR and CD63, which were derived from NSCLC and human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells, respectively. The analysis revealed that the changes in EGFR and CD63 expressions in sEVs can be detected with a sensitivity in the order of 10% and 3%, respectively, of their parental cell expressions. The method can be easily parallelized and combined with existing microfluidic-based EV isolation technologies, allowing for rapid detection and monitoring of sEVs for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cavallaro
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 16440 Kista, Sweden
| | - Josef Horak
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Hååg
- Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Theme, Cancer; Patient Area, Pelvis), Akademiska stråket 1, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford OX4 4HG, United Kingdom
| | - Christiane Stiller
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siddharth S. Sahu
- Department of Solid State Electronics, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, Uppsala SE-751-21, Sweden
| | - André Görgens
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford OX4 4HG, United Kingdom
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Hithesh K. Gatty
- Department of Solid State Electronics, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, Uppsala SE-751-21, Sweden
| | - Kristina Viktorsson
- Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Theme, Cancer; Patient Area, Head and Neck, Lung, and Skin), Akademiska stråket 1, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford OX4 4HG, United Kingdom
| | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Theme, Cancer; Patient Area, Head and Neck, Lung, and Skin), Akademiska stråket 1, 171 64 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amelie E. Karlström
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Linnros
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 16440 Kista, Sweden
| | - Apurba Dev
- Department of Solid State Electronics, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, Uppsala SE-751-21, Sweden
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36
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Ricklefs FL, Maire CL, Reimer R, Dührsen L, Kolbe K, Holz M, Schneider E, Rissiek A, Babayan A, Hille C, Pantel K, Krasemann S, Glatzel M, Heiland DH, Flitsch J, Martens T, Schmidt NO, Peine S, Breakefield XO, Lawler S, Chiocca EA, Fehse B, Giebel B, Görgens A, Westphal M, Lamszus K. Imaging flow cytometry facilitates multiparametric characterization of extracellular vesicles in malignant brain tumours. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1588555. [PMID: 30949309 PMCID: PMC6442086 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1588555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells release heterogeneous nano-sized vesicles either as exosomes, being derived from endosomal compartments, or through budding from the plasma membrane as so-called microvesicles, commonly referred to as extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are known for their important roles in mammalian physiology and disease pathogenesis and provide a potential biomarker source in cancer patients. EVs are generally often analysed in bulk using Western blotting or by bead-based flow-cytometry or, with limited parameters, through nanoparticle tracking analysis. Due to their small size, single EV analysis is technically highly challenging. Here we demonstrate imaging flow cytometry (IFCM) to be a robust, multiparametric technique that allows analysis of single EVs and the discrimination of distinct EV subpopulations. We used IFCM to analyse the tetraspanin (CD9, CD63, CD81) surface profiles on EVs from human and murine cell cultures as well as plasma samples. The presence of EV subpopulations with specific tetraspanin profiles suggests that EV-mediated cellular responses are tightly regulated and dependent on cell environment. We further demonstrate that EVs with double positive tetraspanin expression (CD63+/CD81+) are enriched in cancer cell lines and patient plasma samples. In addition, we used IFCM to detect tumour-specific GFP-labelled EVs in the blood of mice bearing syngeneic intracerebral gliomas, indicating that this technique allows unprecedented disease modelling. In summary, our study highlights the heterogeneous and adaptable nature of EVs according to their marker profile and demonstrates that IFCM facilitates multiparametric phenotyping of EVs not only in vitro but also in patient plasma at a single EV level, with the potential for future functional studies and clinically relevant applications. Abbreviation: EDTA = ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz L. Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cecile L. Maire
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rudolph Reimer
- Leibnitz Institute for Experimental Virology, Heinrich-Pette-Institut, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lasse Dührsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Kolbe
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mareike Holz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Enja Schneider
- Institute for Diagnostics and Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Rissiek
- Institute for Diagnostics and Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Babayan
- Department for Tumour Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hille
- Department for Tumour Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department for Tumour Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Henrik Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Flitsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Martens
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Ole Schmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Peine
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xandra O. Breakefield
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sean Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - E. Antonio. Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Gemany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, UK
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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37
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Görgens A, Bremer M, Ferrer-Tur R, Murke F, Tertel T, Horn PA, Thalmann S, Welsh JA, Probst C, Guerin C, Boulanger CM, Jones JC, Hanenberg H, Erdbrügger U, Lannigan J, Ricklefs FL, El-Andaloussi S, Giebel B. Optimisation of imaging flow cytometry for the analysis of single extracellular vesicles by using fluorescence-tagged vesicles as biological reference material. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1587567. [PMID: 30949308 PMCID: PMC6442110 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1587567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate targeted cellular interactions in normal and pathophysiological conditions and are increasingly recognised as potential biomarkers, therapeutic agents and drug delivery vehicles. Based on their size and biogenesis, EVs are classified as exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies. Due to overlapping size ranges and the lack of specific markers, these classes cannot yet be distinguished experimentally. Currently, it is a major challenge in the field to define robust and sensitive technological platforms being suitable to resolve EV heterogeneity, especially for small EVs (sEVs) with diameters below 200 nm, i.e. smaller microvesicles and exosomes. Most conventional flow cytometers are not suitable for the detection of particles being smaller than 300 nm, and the poor availability of defined reference materials hampers the validation of sEV analysis protocols. Following initial reports that imaging flow cytometry (IFCM) can be used for the characterisation of larger EVs, we aimed to investigate its usability for the characterisation of sEVs. This study set out to identify optimal sample preparation and instrument settings that would demonstrate the utility of this technology for the detection of single sEVs. By using CD63eGFP-labelled sEVs as a biological reference material, we were able to define and optimise IFCM acquisition and analysis parameters on an Amnis ImageStreamX MkII instrument for the detection of single sEVs. In addition, using antibody-labelling approaches, we show that IFCM facilitates robust detection of different EV and sEV subpopulations in isolated EVs, as well as unprocessed EV-containing samples. Our results indicate that fluorescently labelled sEVs as biological reference material are highly useful for the optimisation of fluorescence-based methods for sEV analysis. Finally, we propose that IFCM will help to significantly increase our ability to assess EV heterogeneity in a rigorous and reproducible manner, and facilitate the identification of specific subsets of sEVs as useful biomarkers in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, UK
| | - Michel Bremer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rita Ferrer-Tur
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Murke
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter A. Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Joshua A. Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Coralié Guerin
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, cytometry core, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Chantal M. Boulanger
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center—PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer C. Jones
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children’s Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joanne Lannigan
- Flow Cytometry Core, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Franz L. Ricklefs
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samir El-Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Théry C, Witwer KW, Aikawa E, Alcaraz MJ, Anderson JD, Andriantsitohaina R, Antoniou A, Arab T, Archer F, Atkin-Smith GK, Ayre DC, Bach JM, Bachurski D, Baharvand H, Balaj L, Baldacchino S, Bauer NN, Baxter AA, Bebawy M, Beckham C, Bedina Zavec A, Benmoussa A, Berardi AC, Bergese P, Bielska E, Blenkiron C, Bobis-Wozowicz S, Boilard E, Boireau W, Bongiovanni A, Borràs FE, Bosch S, Boulanger CM, Breakefield X, Breglio AM, Brennan MÁ, Brigstock DR, Brisson A, Broekman MLD, Bromberg JF, Bryl-Górecka P, Buch S, Buck AH, Burger D, Busatto S, Buschmann D, Bussolati B, Buzás EI, Byrd JB, Camussi G, Carter DRF, Caruso S, Chamley LW, Chang YT, Chen C, Chen S, Cheng L, Chin AR, Clayton A, Clerici SP, Cocks A, Cocucci E, Coffey RJ, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Couch Y, Coumans FAW, Coyle B, Crescitelli R, Criado MF, D’Souza-Schorey C, Das S, Datta Chaudhuri A, de Candia P, De Santana EF, De Wever O, del Portillo HA, Demaret T, Deville S, Devitt A, Dhondt B, Di Vizio D, Dieterich LC, Dolo V, Dominguez Rubio AP, Dominici M, Dourado MR, Driedonks TAP, Duarte FV, Duncan HM, Eichenberger RM, Ekström K, EL Andaloussi S, Elie-Caille C, Erdbrügger U, Falcón-Pérez JM, Fatima F, Fish JE, Flores-Bellver M, Försönits A, Frelet-Barrand A, Fricke F, Fuhrmann G, Gabrielsson S, Gámez-Valero A, Gardiner C, Gärtner K, Gaudin R, Gho YS, Giebel B, Gilbert C, Gimona M, Giusti I, Goberdhan DCI, Görgens A, Gorski SM, Greening DW, Gross JC, Gualerzi A, Gupta GN, Gustafson D, Handberg A, Haraszti RA, Harrison P, Hegyesi H, Hendrix A, Hill AF, Hochberg FH, Hoffmann KF, Holder B, Holthofer H, Hosseinkhani B, Hu G, Huang Y, Huber V, Hunt S, Ibrahim AGE, Ikezu T, Inal JM, Isin M, Ivanova A, Jackson HK, Jacobsen S, Jay SM, Jayachandran M, Jenster G, Jiang L, Johnson SM, Jones JC, Jong A, Jovanovic-Talisman T, Jung S, Kalluri R, Kano SI, Kaur S, Kawamura Y, Keller ET, Khamari D, Khomyakova E, Khvorova A, Kierulf P, Kim KP, Kislinger T, Klingeborn M, Klinke DJ, Kornek M, Kosanović MM, Kovács ÁF, Krämer-Albers EM, Krasemann S, Krause M, Kurochkin IV, Kusuma GD, Kuypers S, Laitinen S, Langevin SM, Languino LR, Lannigan J, Lässer C, Laurent LC, Lavieu G, Lázaro-Ibáñez E, Le Lay S, Lee MS, Lee YXF, Lemos DS, Lenassi M, Leszczynska A, Li ITS, Liao K, Libregts SF, Ligeti E, Lim R, Lim SK, Linē A, Linnemannstöns K, Llorente A, Lombard CA, Lorenowicz MJ, Lörincz ÁM, Lötvall J, Lovett J, Lowry MC, Loyer X, Lu Q, Lukomska B, Lunavat TR, Maas SLN, Malhi H, Marcilla A, Mariani J, Mariscal J, Martens-Uzunova ES, Martin-Jaular L, Martinez MC, Martins VR, Mathieu M, Mathivanan S, Maugeri M, McGinnis LK, McVey MJ, Meckes DG, Meehan KL, Mertens I, Minciacchi VR, Möller A, Møller Jørgensen M, Morales-Kastresana A, Morhayim J, Mullier F, Muraca M, Musante L, Mussack V, Muth DC, Myburgh KH, Najrana T, Nawaz M, Nazarenko I, Nejsum P, Neri C, Neri T, Nieuwland R, Nimrichter L, Nolan JP, Nolte-’t Hoen ENM, Noren Hooten N, O’Driscoll L, O’Grady T, O’Loghlen A, Ochiya T, Olivier M, Ortiz A, Ortiz LA, Osteikoetxea X, Østergaard O, Ostrowski M, Park J, Pegtel DM, Peinado H, Perut F, Pfaffl MW, Phinney DG, Pieters BCH, Pink RC, Pisetsky DS, Pogge von Strandmann E, Polakovicova I, Poon IKH, Powell BH, Prada I, Pulliam L, Quesenberry P, Radeghieri A, Raffai RL, Raimondo S, Rak J, Ramirez MI, Raposo G, Rayyan MS, Regev-Rudzki N, Ricklefs FL, Robbins PD, Roberts DD, Rodrigues SC, Rohde E, Rome S, Rouschop KMA, Rughetti A, Russell AE, Saá P, Sahoo S, Salas-Huenuleo E, Sánchez C, Saugstad JA, Saul MJ, Schiffelers RM, Schneider R, Schøyen TH, Scott A, Shahaj E, Sharma S, Shatnyeva O, Shekari F, Shelke GV, Shetty AK, Shiba K, Siljander PRM, Silva AM, Skowronek A, Snyder OL, Soares RP, Sódar BW, Soekmadji C, Sotillo J, Stahl PD, Stoorvogel W, Stott SL, Strasser EF, Swift S, Tahara H, Tewari M, Timms K, Tiwari S, Tixeira R, Tkach M, Toh WS, Tomasini R, Torrecilhas AC, Tosar JP, Toxavidis V, Urbanelli L, Vader P, van Balkom BWM, van der Grein SG, Van Deun J, van Herwijnen MJC, Van Keuren-Jensen K, van Niel G, van Royen ME, van Wijnen AJ, Vasconcelos MH, Vechetti IJ, Veit TD, Vella LJ, Velot É, Verweij FJ, Vestad B, Viñas JL, Visnovitz T, Vukman KV, Wahlgren J, Watson DC, Wauben MHM, Weaver A, Webber JP, Weber V, Wehman AM, Weiss DJ, Welsh JA, Wendt S, Wheelock AM, Wiener Z, Witte L, Wolfram J, Xagorari A, Xander P, Xu J, Yan X, Yáñez-Mó M, Yin H, Yuana Y, Zappulli V, Zarubova J, Žėkas V, Zhang JY, Zhao Z, Zheng L, Zheutlin AR, Zickler AM, Zimmermann P, Zivkovic AM, Zocco D, Zuba-Surma EK. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines. J Extracell Vesicles 2018; 7:1535750. [PMID: 30637094 PMCID: PMC6322352 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1535750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6176] [Impact Index Per Article: 1029.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles ("MISEV") guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these "MISEV2014" guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Jose Alcaraz
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Anna Antoniou
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Tanina Arab
- Université de Lille, INSERM, U-1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse - PRISM, Lille, France
| | - Fabienne Archer
- University of Lyon, INRA, EPHE, UMR754 Viral Infections and Comparative Pathology, Lyon, France
| | - Georgia K Atkin-Smith
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - D Craig Ayre
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, Canada
- Mount Allison University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Sackville, Canada
| | - Jean-Marie Bach
- Université Bretagne Loire, Oniris, INRA, IECM, Nantes, France
| | - Daniel Bachurski
- University of Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine I, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Cell Science Research Center, Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Tehran, Iran
- University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Department of Developmental Biology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Natalie N Bauer
- University of South Alabama, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung Biology, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Amy A Baxter
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- University of Technology Sydney, Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Apolonija Bedina Zavec
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Abderrahim Benmoussa
- Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Paolo Bergese
- CSGI - Research Center for Colloids and Nanoscience, Florence, Italy
- INSTM - National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Florence, Italy
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ewa Bielska
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Eric Boilard
- Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Wilfrid Boireau
- FEMTO-ST Institute, UBFC, CNRS, ENSMM, UTBM, Besançon, France
| | - Antonella Bongiovanni
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesc E Borràs
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, REMAR-IVECAT Group, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Nephrology Service, Badalona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Steffi Bosch
- Université Bretagne Loire, Oniris, INRA, IECM, Nantes, France
| | - Chantal M Boulanger
- INSERM UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xandra Breakefield
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology and Radiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew M Breglio
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meadhbh Á Brennan
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMR 1238, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, PhyOS, Nantes, France
| | - David R Brigstock
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alain Brisson
- UMR-CBMN, CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marike LD Broekman
- Haaglanden Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline F Bromberg
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - Shilpa Buch
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amy H Buck
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sara Busatto
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Transplantation, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Dominik Buschmann
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Freising, Germany
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- University of Torino, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - Edit I Buzás
- MTA-SE Immuno-Proteogenomics Research Groups, Budapest, Hungary
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - James Bryan Byrd
- University of Michigan, Department of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - David RF Carter
- Oxford Brookes University, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Caruso
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- University of Auckland, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yu-Ting Chang
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chihchen Chen
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- National Tsing Hua University, Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shuai Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Reproductive Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Lesley Cheng
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | | | - Aled Clayton
- Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Alex Cocks
- Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emanuele Cocucci
- The Ohio State University, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Epithelial Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Yvonne Couch
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Acute Stroke Programme - Investigative Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Frank AW Coumans
- Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Vesicle Observation Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beth Coyle
- The University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- University of Gothenburg, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Krefting Research Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Saumya Das
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amrita Datta Chaudhuri
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Eliezer F De Santana
- The Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hernando A del Portillo
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), PVREX group, Badalona, Spain
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, PVREX Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tanguy Demaret
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Deville
- Universiteit Hasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Andrew Devitt
- Aston University, School of Life & Health Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bert Dhondt
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Urology, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Vincenza Dolo
- University of L’Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Ana Paula Dominguez Rubio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Massimo Dominici
- TPM of Mirandola, Mirandola, Italy
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Division of Oncology, Modena, Italy
| | - Mauricio R Dourado
- University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba, Brazil
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tom AP Driedonks
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Heather M Duncan
- McGill University, Division of Experimental Medicine, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Child Health and Human Development Program, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ramon M Eichenberger
- James Cook University, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Cairns, Australia
| | - Karin Ekström
- University of Gothenburg, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Biomaterials, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Samir EL Andaloussi
- Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, UK
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Uta Erdbrügger
- University of Virginia Health System, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Juan M Falcón-Pérez
- CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Exosomes Laboratory & Metabolomics Platform, Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE Research Science Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Farah Fatima
- University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jason E Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, Canada
| | - Miguel Flores-Bellver
- University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Cell Sight-Ocular Stem Cell and Regeneration Program, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - András Försönits
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Fabia Fricke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Institute of Pathology, Applied Tumor Biology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gregor Fuhrmann
- Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Susanne Gabrielsson
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine Solna, Division for Immunology and Allergy, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Gámez-Valero
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, REMAR-IVECAT Group, Badalona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital Universitari and Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Pathology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kathrin Gärtner
- Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Gene Vectors, Munich, Germany
| | - Raphael Gaudin
- INSERM U1110, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yong Song Gho
- POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Department of Life Sciences, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Bernd Giebel
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | - Caroline Gilbert
- Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mario Gimona
- Paracelsus Medical University, GMP Unit, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ilaria Giusti
- University of L’Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Deborah CI Goberdhan
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - André Görgens
- Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, UK
- Karolinska Institute, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | - Sharon M Gorski
- BC Cancer, Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, Canada
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Burnaby, Canada
| | - David W Greening
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Julia Christina Gross
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Developmental Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Hematology and Oncology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alice Gualerzi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics (LABION), Milan, Italy
| | - Gopal N Gupta
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Urology, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Dakota Gustafson
- University of Toronto, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aase Handberg
- Aalborg University Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg, Denmark
- Aalborg University, Clinical Institute, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Reka A Haraszti
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, RNA Therapeutics Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Hargita Hegyesi
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - An Hendrix
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrew F Hill
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Fred H Hochberg
- Scintillon Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Neurosurgery, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karl F Hoffmann
- Aberystwyth University, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Beth Holder
- Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia
| | | | - Baharak Hosseinkhani
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Guoku Hu
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yiyao Huang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Huber
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jameel M Inal
- University of Hertfordshire, School of Life and Medical Sciences, Biosciences Research Group, Hatfield, UK
| | - Mustafa Isin
- Istanbul University Oncology Institute, Basic Oncology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alena Ivanova
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah K Jackson
- The University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Soren Jacobsen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Section 4242 - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven M Jay
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Muthuvel Jayachandran
- Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Lanzhou Jiang
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Johnson
- University of Manchester, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ambrose Jong
- Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Jung
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Virology, Munich, Germany
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shin-ichi Kano
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Laboratory of Pathology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yumi Kawamura
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Evan T Keller
- University of Michigan, Biointerfaces Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Urology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Delaram Khamari
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elena Khomyakova
- École normale supérieure, Paris, France
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Khvorova
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, RNA Therapeutics Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Peter Kierulf
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Blood Cell Research Group, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Kyung Hee University, Department of Applied Chemistry, Yongin, Korea
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - David J Klinke
- West Virginia University, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and WVU Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
- West Virginia University, Department of Microbiology Immunology and Cell Biology, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Miroslaw Kornek
- German Armed Forces Central Hospital, Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Koblenz, Germany
- Saarland University Medical Center, Department of Medicine II, Homburg, Germany
| | - Maja M Kosanović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Árpád Ferenc Kovács
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Susanne Krasemann
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Neuropathology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mirja Krause
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Gina D Kusuma
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sören Kuypers
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Saara Laitinen
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Research and Development, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Scott M Langevin
- Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Medical School, Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joanne Lannigan
- University of Virginia, Flow Cytometry Core, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- University of Gothenburg, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Krefting Research Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise C Laurent
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gregory Lavieu
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Soazig Le Lay
- INSERM U1063, Université d’Angers, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Myung-Shin Lee
- Eulji University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Debora S Lemos
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Genetics, Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Metka Lenassi
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Isaac TS Li
- University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Ke Liao
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sten F Libregts
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Cambridge NIHR BRC Cell Phenotyping Hub, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erzsebet Ligeti
- Semmelweis University, Department of Physiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rebecca Lim
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), Agency for Science and Technology (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Aija Linē
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Karen Linnemannstöns
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Developmental Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Hematology and Oncology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine A Lombard
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Magdalena J Lorenowicz
- Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Center for Molecular Medicine & Regenerative Medicine Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ákos M Lörincz
- Semmelweis University, Department of Physiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jan Lötvall
- University of Gothenburg, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Krefting Research Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jason Lovett
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Michelle C Lowry
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Xavier Loyer
- INSERM UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Quan Lu
- Harvard University, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, NeuroRepair Department, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Taral R Lunavat
- K.G. Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Centre, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sybren LN Maas
- Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pathology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Antonio Marcilla
- Universitat de València, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Àrea de Parasitologia, Valencia, Spain
- Universitat de València, Health Research Institute La Fe, Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jacopo Mariani
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, EPIGET LAB, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mathilde Mathieu
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Marco Maugeri
- University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Mark J McVey
- SickKids Hospital, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Anesthesia, Toronto, Canada
| | - David G Meckes
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Katie L Meehan
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Inge Mertens
- University of Antwerp, Centre for Proteomics, Antwerp, Belgium
- Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Valentina R Minciacchi
- Georg-Speyer-Haus Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Möller
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Malene Møller Jørgensen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg, Denmark
- EVSEARCH.DK, Denmark
| | - Aizea Morales-Kastresana
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - François Mullier
- Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), NARILIS, Namur, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Hematology-Hemostasis Laboratory, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- University of Padova, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Musante
- University of Virginia Health System, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Veronika Mussack
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Freising, Germany
| | - Dillon C Muth
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn H Myburgh
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Tanbir Najrana
- Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Irina Nazarenko
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Aarhus University, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Neri
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit Biology of Adaptation and Aging (B2A), Team Compensation in Neurodegenerative and Aging (Brain-C), Paris, France
| | - Tommaso Neri
- University of Pisa, Centro Dipartimentale di Biologia Cellulare Cardio-Respiratoria, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Vesicle Observation Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Nimrichter
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Esther NM Nolte-’t Hoen
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lorraine O’Driscoll
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tina O’Grady
- University of Liège, GIGA-R(MBD), PSI Laboratory, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ana O’Loghlen
- Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group, London, UK
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Martin Olivier
- McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Kidney Research Network, REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Ortiz
- Graduate School of Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Ole Østergaard
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matias Ostrowski
- University of Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jaesung Park
- POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Department of Life Sciences, Pohang, South Korea
| | - D. Michiel Pegtel
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hector Peinado
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Molecular Oncology Programme, Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Perut
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Freising, Germany
| | - Donald G Phinney
- The Scripps Research Institute-Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Bartijn CH Pieters
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan C Pink
- Oxford Brookes University, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford, UK
| | - David S Pisetsky
- Duke University Medical Center, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham VAMC, Medical Research Service, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Iva Polakovicova
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology-Oncology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ivan KH Poon
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Bonita H Powell
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Lynn Pulliam
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter Quesenberry
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- CSGI - Research Center for Colloids and Nanoscience, Florence, Italy
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert L Raffai
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- University of Palermo, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, Palermo, Italy
| | - Janusz Rak
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marcel I Ramirez
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Morsi S Rayyan
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Franz L Ricklefs
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Neurosurgery, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul D Robbins
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David D Roberts
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Laboratory of Pathology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Eva Rohde
- Paracelsus Medical University, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Salzburg, Austria
- Paracelsus Medical University, GMP Unit, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sophie Rome
- University of Lyon, Lyon-Sud Faculty of Medicine, CarMeN Laboratory (UMR INSERM 1060-INRA 1397), Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Kasper MA Rouschop
- Maastricht University, GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht Radiation Oncology (MaastRO) Lab, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aurelia Rughetti
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Experimental Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paula Saá
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Cardiology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Edison Salas-Huenuleo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Santiago, Chile
- University of Chile, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catherine Sánchez
- Clínica las Condes, Extracellular Vesicles in Personalized Medicine Group, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julie A Saugstad
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Meike J Saul
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Biology, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raphael Schneider
- University of Toronto, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tine Hiorth Schøyen
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Eriomina Shahaj
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Milan, Italy
| | - Shivani Sharma
- University of California, Los Angeles, California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Olga Shatnyeva
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Cell Science Research Center, Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- University of Gothenburg, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Krefting Research Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Temple, TX, USA
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Pia R-M Siljander
- University of Helsinki, EV Core Facility, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, EV group, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreia M Silva
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Porto, Portugal
- University of Porto, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
- University of Porto, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - Agata Skowronek
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Orman L Snyder
- Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | - Barbara W Sódar
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Carolina Soekmadji
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Javier Sotillo
- James Cook University, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Cairns, Australia
| | | | - Willem Stoorvogel
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shannon L Stott
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erwin F Strasser
- FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Transfusion and Haemostaseology Department, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Swift
- University of Auckland, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Hiroshima University, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Muneesh Tewari
- University of Michigan, Biointerfaces Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology/Oncology Division, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kate Timms
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- Georgetown University, Department of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Lucknow, India
| | - Rochelle Tixeira
- La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Mercedes Tkach
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- National University of Singapore, Faculty of Dentistry, Singapore
| | - Richard Tomasini
- INSERM U1068, Aix Marseille University, CNRS UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | | | - Juan Pablo Tosar
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Functional Genomics Unit, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Universidad de la República, Faculty of Science, Nuclear Research Center, Analytical Biochemistry Unit, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Lorena Urbanelli
- University of Perugia, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pieter Vader
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas WM van Balkom
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne G van der Grein
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Van Deun
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn JC van Herwijnen
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- University of Porto, Faculty of Pharmacy (FFUP), Porto, Portugal
- University of Porto, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivan J Vechetti
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tiago D Veit
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura J Vella
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, The Department of Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Émilie Velot
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Beate Vestad
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Regional Research Network on Extracellular Vesicles, RRNEV, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jose L Viñas
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tamás Visnovitz
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina V Vukman
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jessica Wahlgren
- University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Dionysios C Watson
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marca HM Wauben
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alissa Weaver
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Viktoria Weber
- Danube University Krems, Department for Biomedical Research and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Ann M Wehman
- University of Würzburg, Rudolf Virchow Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- The University of Vermont Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Joshua A Welsh
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sebastian Wendt
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Aachen, Germany
| | - Asa M Wheelock
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zoltán Wiener
- Semmelweis University, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Leonie Witte
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Developmental Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Hematology and Oncology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou, China
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Nanomedicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Transplantation Medicine/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Angeliki Xagorari
- George Papanicolaou Hospital, Public Cord Blood Bank, Department of Haematology - BMT Unit, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Patricia Xander
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo Campus Diadema, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jing Xu
- BC Cancer, Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, Canada
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Xiamen University, Department of Chemical Biology, Xiamen, China
| | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hang Yin
- Tsinghua University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuana Yuana
- Technical University Eindhoven, Faculty Biomedical Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- University of Padova, Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Padova, Italy
| | - Jana Zarubova
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Bioengineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vytautas Žėkas
- Vilnius University, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jian-ye Zhang
- Guangzhou Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zezhou Zhao
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Antje M Zickler
- Karolinska Institute, Clinical Research Center, Unit for Molecular Cell and Gene Therapy Science, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pascale Zimmermann
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
- KU Leuven (Leuven University), Department of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angela M Zivkovic
- University of California, Davis, Department of Nutrition, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Ewa K Zuba-Surma
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Kraków, Poland
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Fathi NN, Mohammad DK, Görgens A, Andaloussi SE, Zain R, Nore BF, Smith CIE. Translocation-generated ITK-FER and ITK-SYK fusions induce STAT3 phosphorylation and CD69 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:749-752. [PMID: 30217447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer types carry mutations in protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and such alterations frequently drive tumor progression. One category is gene translocation of PTKs yielding chimeric proteins with transforming capacity. In this study, we characterized the role of ITK-FER [Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell Kinase (ITK) gene fused with Feline Encephalitis Virus-Related kinase (FER) gene] and ITK-SYK [Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell Kinase (ITK) gene fused with the Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK)] in Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma (PTCL) signaling. We observed an induction of tyrosine phosphorylation events in the presence of both ITK-FER and ITK-SYK. The downstream targets of ITK-FER and ITK-SYK were explored and STAT3 was found to be highly phosphorylated by these fusion kinases. In addition, the CD69 T-cell activation marker was significantly elevated. Apart from tyrosine kinase inhibitors acting directly on the fusions, we believe that drugs acting on downstream targets could serve as alternative cancer therapies for fusion PTKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmeen N Fathi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq
| | - Dara K Mohammad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, 44002, Erbil, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rula Zain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre for Rare Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beston F Nore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq.
| | - C I Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden.
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40
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Wiklander OPB, Bostancioglu RB, Welsh JA, Zickler AM, Murke F, Corso G, Felldin U, Hagey DW, Evertsson B, Liang XM, Gustafsson MO, Mohammad DK, Wiek C, Hanenberg H, Bremer M, Gupta D, Björnstedt M, Giebel B, Nordin JZ, Jones JC, El Andaloussi S, Görgens A. Systematic Methodological Evaluation of a Multiplex Bead-Based Flow Cytometry Assay for Detection of Extracellular Vesicle Surface Signatures. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1326. [PMID: 29951064 PMCID: PMC6008374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be harvested from cell culture supernatants and from all body fluids. EVs can be conceptually classified based on their size and biogenesis as exosomes and microvesicles. Nowadays, it is however commonly accepted in the field that there is a much higher degree of heterogeneity within these two subgroups than previously thought. For instance, the surface marker profile of EVs is likely dependent on the cell source, the cell’s activation status, and multiple other parameters. Within recent years, several new methods and assays to study EV heterogeneity in terms of surface markers have been described; most of them are being based on flow cytometry. Unfortunately, such methods generally require dedicated instrumentation, are time-consuming and demand extensive operator expertise for sample preparation, acquisition, and data analysis. In this study, we have systematically evaluated and explored the use of a multiplex bead-based flow cytometric assay which is compatible with most standard flow cytometers and facilitates a robust semi-quantitative detection of 37 different potential EV surface markers in one sample simultaneously. First, assay variability, sample stability over time, and dynamic range were assessed together with the limitations of this assay in terms of EV input quantity required for detection of differently abundant surface markers. Next, the potential effects of EV origin, sample preparation, and quality of the EV sample on the assay were evaluated. The findings indicate that this multiplex bead-based assay is generally suitable to detect, quantify, and compare EV surface signatures in various sample types, including unprocessed cell culture supernatants, cell culture-derived EVs isolated by different methods, and biological fluids. Furthermore, the use and limitations of this assay to assess heterogeneities in EV surface signatures was explored by combining different sets of detection antibodies in EV samples derived from different cell lines and subsets of rare cells. Taken together, this validated multiplex bead-based flow cytometric assay allows robust, sensitive, and reproducible detection of EV surface marker expression in various sample types in a semi-quantitative way and will be highly valuable for many researchers in the EV field in different experimental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar P B Wiklander
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R Beklem Bostancioglu
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joshua A Welsh
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Antje M Zickler
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Pathology F56, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Florian Murke
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Giulia Corso
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Felldin
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel W Hagey
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Evertsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiu-Ming Liang
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuela O Gustafsson
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dara K Mohammad
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Constanze Wiek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head/Neck Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head/Neck Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michel Bremer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Björnstedt
- Division of Pathology F56, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joel Z Nordin
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - André Görgens
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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41
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Hönes JM, Thivakaran A, Botezatu L, Patnana P, Castro SVDC, Al-Matary YS, Schütte J, Fischer KBI, Vassen L, Görgens A, Dührsen U, Giebel B, Khandanpour C. Enforced GFI1 expression impedes human and murine leukemic cell growth. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15720. [PMID: 29147018 PMCID: PMC5691148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of haematopoietic cells is regulated by a plethora of so-called transcription factors (TFs). Mutations in genes encoding TFs or graded reduction in their expression levels can induce the development of various malignant diseases such as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Growth Factor Independence 1 (GFI1) is a transcriptional repressor with key roles in haematopoiesis, including regulating self-renewal of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as well as myeloid and lymphoid differentiation. Analysis of AML patients and different AML mouse models with reduced GFI1 gene expression levels revealed a direct link between low GFI1 protein level and accelerated AML development and inferior prognosis. Here, we report that upregulated expression of GFI1 in several widely used leukemic cell lines inhibits their growth and decreases the ability to generate colonies in vitro. Similarly, elevated expression of GFI1 impedes the in vitro expansion of murine pre-leukemic cells. Using a humanized AML model, we demonstrate that upregulation of GFI1 expression leads to myeloid differentiation morphologically and immunophenotypically, increased level of apoptosis and reduction in number of cKit+ cells. These results suggest that increasing GFI1 level in leukemic cells with low GFI1 expression level could be a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Hönes
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Aniththa Thivakaran
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lacramioara Botezatu
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Pradeep Patnana
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Symone Vitoriano da Conceição Castro
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Yahya S Al-Matary
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Judith Schütte
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karen B I Fischer
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lothar Vassen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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42
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Bauer D, Alt M, Dirks M, Buch A, Heilingloh CS, Dittmer U, Giebel B, Görgens A, Palapys V, Kasper M, Eis-Hübinger AM, Sodeik B, Heiligenhaus A, Roggendorf M, Krawczyk A. A Therapeutic Antiviral Antibody Inhibits the Anterograde Directed Neuron-to-Cell Spread of Herpes Simplex Virus and Protects against Ocular Disease. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2115. [PMID: 29163407 PMCID: PMC5671610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a leading cause of blindness and viral encephalitis in the developed world. Upon reactivation from sensory neurons, HSV returns via axonal transport to peripheral tissues where it causes, e.g., severe, potentially blinding ocular diseases. In the present study we investigated whether the HSV-1/2 glycoprotein B-specific antibody mAb 2c or its humanized counterpart mAb hu2c can protect from ocular disease in a mouse model of HSV-1-induced acute retinal necrosis (ARN). In this model the viral spread from the initially infected to the contralateral eye resembles the routes taken in humans upon HSV reactivation. Systemic antibody treatment prior or early after infection effectively protected the mice from the development of ARN. These observations suggest that the antibody potently neutralized the infection and inhibited the viral transmission, since there was almost no virus detectable in the contralateral eyes and trigeminal ganglia of antibody treated mice. Besides of neutralizing free virus or limiting the infection via activating the complement or cellular effector functions, blocking of the anterograde directed neuron-to-cell spread of HSV represents a viable mode of action how mAb 2c protected the mice from ARN. We proved this hypothesis using a microfluidic chamber system. Neurons and epithelial cells were cultured in two separate compartments where the neurons sent axons via connecting microgrooves to the epithelial cells. Neurons were infected with a reporter HSV-1 strain expressing mCherry, and the co-culture was treated with neutralizing antibodies. In contrast to commercial polyclonal human HSV-neutralizing immunoglobulins, mAb 2c effectively blocked the anterograde directed neuron-to-cell transmission of the virus. Our data suggest that the humanized HSV-1/2-gB antibody protects mice from ocular disease by blocking the neuronal spread of HSV. Therefore, mAb hu2c may become a potent novel therapeutic option for severe ocular HSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Bauer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ophtha Lab, St. Franziskus-Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Mira Alt
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Miriam Dirks
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Buch
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vivien Palapys
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maren Kasper
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ophtha Lab, St. Franziskus-Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Beate Sodeik
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnd Heiligenhaus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ophtha Lab, St. Franziskus-Hospital, Münster, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Roggendorf
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Adalbert Krawczyk
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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43
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Corso G, Mäger I, Lee Y, Görgens A, Bultema J, Giebel B, Wood MJA, Nordin JZ, Andaloussi SE. Reproducible and scalable purification of extracellular vesicles using combined bind-elute and size exclusion chromatography. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11561. [PMID: 28912498 PMCID: PMC5599601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication and have been shown to take part in several physiological and pathological processes. EVs have traditionally been purified by ultracentrifugation (UC), however UC has limitations, including resulting in, operator-dependant yields, EV aggregation and altered EV morphology, and moreover is time consuming. Here we show that commercially available bind-elute size exclusion chromatography (BE-SEC) columns purify EVs with high yield (recovery ~ 80%) in a time-efficient manner compared to current methodologies. This technique is reproducible and scalable, and surface marker analysis by bead-based flow cytometry revealed highly similar expression signatures compared with UC-purified samples. Furthermore, uptake of eGFP labelled EVs in recipient cells was comparable between BE-SEC and UC samples. Hence, the BE-SEC based EV purification method represents an important methodological advance likely to facilitate robust and reproducible studies of EV biology and therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Imre Mäger
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yi Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jarred Bultema
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, USA
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Evox Therapeutics, King Charles House, Park End Street, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Z Nordin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Evox Therapeutics, King Charles House, Park End Street, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. .,Evox Therapeutics, King Charles House, Park End Street, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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44
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Steens J, Zuk M, Benchellal M, Bornemann L, Teichweyde N, Hess J, Unger K, Görgens A, Klump H, Klein D. In Vitro Generation of Vascular Wall-Resident Multipotent Stem Cells of Mesenchymal Nature from Murine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:919-932. [PMID: 28366456 PMCID: PMC5390238 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular wall (VW) serves as a niche for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In general, tissue-specific stem cells differentiate mainly to the tissue type from which they derive, indicating that there is a certain code or priming within the cells as determined by the tissue of origin. Here we report the in vitro generation of VW-typical MSCs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), based on a VW-MSC-specific gene code. Using a lentiviral vector expressing the so-called Yamanaka factors, we reprogrammed tail dermal fibroblasts from transgenic mice containing the GFP gene integrated into the Nestin-locus (NEST-iPSCs) to facilitate lineage tracing after subsequent MSC differentiation. A lentiviral vector expressing a small set of recently identified human VW-MSC-specific HOX genes then induced MSC differentiation. This direct programming approach successfully mediated the generation of VW-typical MSCs with classical MSC characteristics, both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro generation of (VW)-typical MSCs from iPSCs based on a specific HOX code Reprogrammed fibroblasts (NEST-iPSCs) facilitated lineage tracing A lentiviral vector expressing HOXB7, HOXC6, and HOXC8 induced MSC differentiation Generated VW-MSCs showed classical MSC characteristics in vitro and in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Steens
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Melanie Zuk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Benchellal
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Lea Bornemann
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Nadine Teichweyde
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Hannes Klump
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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45
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Radtke S, Görgens A, Liu B, Horn PA, Giebel B. Human mesenchymal and murine stromal cells support human lympho-myeloid progenitor expansion but not maintenance of multipotent haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:540-5. [PMID: 26818432 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1128591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal in haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) research is to define conditions for the expansion of HSCs or multipotent progenitor cells (MPPs). Since human HSCs/MPPs cannot be isolated, NOD/SCID repopulating cell (SRC) assays emerged as the standard for the quantification of very primitive haematopoietic cell. However, in addition to HSCs/MPPs, lympho-myeloid primed progenitors (LMPPs) were recently found to contain SRC activities, challenging this assay as clear HSC/MPP readout. Because our revised model of human haematopoiesis predicts that HSCs/MPPs can be identified as CD133(+)CD34(+) cells containing erythroid potentials, we investigated the potential of human mesenchymal and conventional murine stromal cells to support expansion of HSCs/MPPs. Even though all stromal cells supported expansion of CD133(+)CD34(+) progenitors with long-term myeloid and long-term lymphoid potentials, erythroid potentials were exclusively found within erythro-myeloid CD133(low)CD34(+) cell fractions. Thus, our data demonstrate that against the prevailing assumption co-cultures on human mesenchymal and murine stromal cells neither promote expansion nor maintenance of HSCs and MPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Radtke
- a Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany.,b Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - André Görgens
- a Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Bing Liu
- c 307-Ivy Translational Medicine Center, Laboratory of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Peter A Horn
- a Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- a Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
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Görgens A. Webinar | Analysis of extracellular vesicles including exosomes by imaging flow cytometry. Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1126/science.352.6290.1238-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes (70 nm – 160 nm in diameter) and microvesicles (100 nm – 1,000 nm diameter) can be harvested from cell-culture supernatants and from all bodily fluids. Current standard techniques to visualize, quantify, and characterize EVs are electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analyses, and dynamic light scattering. To further characterize and discriminate EVs, more exact high-throughput technologies to analyze their surface are highly desired. Although conventional flow cytometry is limited to measuring particles down to approximately 300 nm – 500 nm, a relatively new flow-cytometric method—called "imaging flow cytometry"—allows for the analysis of EVs smaller than 300 nm. This webinar will introduce viewers to the challenges, limitations, and pitfalls of flow cytometry-based EV analysis, and to the imaging flow cytometry methodology. Also covered will be techniques for analyzing exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies in unprocessed samples, how imaging flow cytometry can be used to evaluate or reevaluate EV isolation techniques, and the advantages and disadvantages of using this method.
View the Webinar
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Botezatu L, Michel LC, Helness A, Vadnais C, Makishima H, Hönes JM, Robert F, Vassen L, Thivakaran A, Al-Matary Y, Lams RF, Schütte J, Giebel B, Görgens A, Heuser M, Medyouf H, Maciejewski J, Dührsen U, Möröy T, Khandanpour C. Epigenetic therapy as a novel approach for GFI136N-associated murine/human AML. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:713-726.e14. [PMID: 27216773 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes can contribute to development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a malignant disease of the bone marrow. A single-nucleotide polymorphism of transcription factor growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) generates a protein with an asparagine at position 36 (GFI1(36N)) instead of a serine at position 36 (GFI1(36S)), which is associated with de novo AML in humans. However, how GFI1(36N) predisposes to AML is poorly understood. To explore the mechanism, we used knock-in mouse strains expressing GFI1(36N) or GFI1(36S). Presence of GFI1(36N) shortened the latency and increased the incidence of AML in different murine models of myelodysplastic syndrome/AML. On a molecular level, GFI1(36N) induced genomewide epigenetic changes, leading to expression of AML-associated genes. On a therapeutic level, use of histone acetyltransferase inhibitors specifically impeded growth of GFI1(36N)-expressing human and murine AML cells in vitro and in vivo. These results establish, as a proof of principle, how epigenetic changes in GFI1(36N)-induced AML can be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacramioara Botezatu
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars C Michel
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Helness
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Charles Vadnais
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hideki Makishima
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Judith M Hönes
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - François Robert
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lothar Vassen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Aniththa Thivakaran
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yahya Al-Matary
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert F Lams
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Judith Schütte
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hind Medyouf
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jaroslaw Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Börger V, Bremer M, Görgens A, Giebel B. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles as a new approach in stem cell therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Börger
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine; University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - M. Bremer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine; University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - A. Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine; University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - B. Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine; University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
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Lener T, Gimona M, Aigner L, Börger V, Buzas E, Camussi G, Chaput N, Chatterjee D, Court FA, Del Portillo HA, O'Driscoll L, Fais S, Falcon-Perez JM, Felderhoff-Mueser U, Fraile L, Gho YS, Görgens A, Gupta RC, Hendrix A, Hermann DM, Hill AF, Hochberg F, Horn PA, de Kleijn D, Kordelas L, Kramer BW, Krämer-Albers EM, Laner-Plamberger S, Laitinen S, Leonardi T, Lorenowicz MJ, Lim SK, Lötvall J, Maguire CA, Marcilla A, Nazarenko I, Ochiya T, Patel T, Pedersen S, Pocsfalvi G, Pluchino S, Quesenberry P, Reischl IG, Rivera FJ, Sanzenbacher R, Schallmoser K, Slaper-Cortenbach I, Strunk D, Tonn T, Vader P, van Balkom BWM, Wauben M, Andaloussi SE, Théry C, Rohde E, Giebel B. Applying extracellular vesicles based therapeutics in clinical trials - an ISEV position paper. J Extracell Vesicles 2015; 4:30087. [PMID: 26725829 PMCID: PMC4698466 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v4.30087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 919] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, are released by different cell types and participate in physiological and pathophysiological processes. EVs mediate intercellular communication as cell-derived extracellular signalling organelles that transmit specific information from their cell of origin to their target cells. As a result of these properties, EVs of defined cell types may serve as novel tools for various therapeutic approaches, including (a) anti-tumour therapy, (b) pathogen vaccination, (c) immune-modulatory and regenerative therapies and (d) drug delivery. The translation of EVs into clinical therapies requires the categorization of EV-based therapeutics in compliance with existing regulatory frameworks. As the classification defines subsequent requirements for manufacturing, quality control and clinical investigation, it is of major importance to define whether EVs are considered the active drug components or primarily serve as drug delivery vehicles. For an effective and particularly safe translation of EV-based therapies into clinical practice, a high level of cooperation between researchers, clinicians and competent authorities is essential. In this position statement, basic and clinical scientists, as members of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) and of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, namely European Network on Microvesicles and Exosomes in Health and Disease (ME-HaD), summarize recent developments and the current knowledge of EV-based therapies. Aspects of safety and regulatory requirements that must be considered for pharmaceutical manufacturing and clinical application are highlighted. Production and quality control processes are discussed. Strategies to promote the therapeutic application of EVs in future clinical studies are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lener
- Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken GesmbH (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mario Gimona
- Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken GesmbH (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Börger
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Edit Buzas
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, UMS 3655 CNRS/US23 Inserm, Villejuif, France
- Centre of Clinical Investigation in Biotherapy CICBT 1248, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Devasis Chatterjee
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Felipe A Court
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Pontificia-Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernando A Del Portillo
- ICREA at Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stefano Fais
- Anti-Tumor Drugs Section, Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Juan M Falcon-Perez
- Metabolomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ursula Felderhoff-Mueser
- Department of Paediatrics I, Neonatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Fraile
- Departament de Producció Animal, ETSEA, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ramesh C Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Peter A Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Lambros Kordelas
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Boris W Kramer
- Experimental Perinatology/Neonatology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers
- Molecular Cell Biology and Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Laner-Plamberger
- Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken GesmbH (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Saara Laitinen
- Research and Cell Services, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommaso Leonardi
- Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
| | - Magdalena J Lorenowicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Casey A Maguire
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Dpto. Biología Celular y Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Universitat de València-Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irina Nazarenko
- Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tushar Patel
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Shona Pedersen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Gabriella Pocsfalvi
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Quesenberry
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ilona G Reischl
- BASG - Bundesamt für Sicherheit im Gesundheitswesen - Federal Office for Safety in Health Care, AGES - Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit - Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institut Überwachung - Institute Surveillance, Wien, Austria
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ralf Sanzenbacher
- Ralf Sanzenbacher, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Bundesinstitut für Impfstoffe und biomedizinische Arzneimittel, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken GesmbH (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ineke Slaper-Cortenbach
- Cell Therapy Facility, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Experimental & Clinical Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Torsten Tonn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine Dresden, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pieter Vader
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bas W M van Balkom
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marca Wauben
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clotilde Théry
- Centre of Clinical Investigation in Biotherapy CICBT 1248, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Eva Rohde
- Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken GesmbH (SALK), Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany;
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