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Hagey DW, Ojansivu M, Bostancioglu BR, Saher O, Bost JP, Gustafsson MO, Gramignoli R, Svahn M, Gupta D, Stevens MM, Görgens A, El Andaloussi S. The cellular response to extracellular vesicles is dependent on their cell source and dose. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh1168. [PMID: 37656796 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been established to play important roles in cell-cell communication and shown promise as therapeutic agents. However, we still lack a basic understanding of how cells respond upon exposure to EVs from different cell sources at various doses. Thus, we treated fibroblasts with EVs from 12 different cell sources at doses between 20 and 200,000 per cell, analyzed their transcriptional effects, and functionally confirmed the findings in various cell types in vitro, and in vivo using single-cell RNA sequencing. Unbiased global analysis revealed EV dose to have a more significant effect than cell source, such that high doses down-regulated exocytosis and up-regulated lysosomal activity. However, EV cell source-specific responses were observed at low doses, and these reflected the activities of the EV's source cells. Last, we assessed EV-derived transcript abundance and found that immune cell-derived EVs were most associated with recipient cells. Together, this study provides important insights into the cellular response to EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Hagey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miina Ojansivu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beklem R Bostancioglu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Osama Saher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jeremy P Bost
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuela O Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Dhanu Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zheng W, Rädler J, Sork H, Niu Z, Roudi S, Bost JP, Görgens A, Zhao Y, Mamand DR, Liang X, Wiklander OPB, Lehto T, Gupta D, Nordin JZ, El Andaloussi S. Identification of scaffold proteins for improved endogenous engineering of extracellular vesicles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4734. [PMID: 37550290 PMCID: PMC10406850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining ground as next-generation drug delivery modalities. Genetic fusion of the protein of interest to a scaffold protein with high EV-sorting ability represents a robust cargo loading strategy. To address the paucity of such scaffold proteins, we leverage a simple and reliable assay that can distinguish intravesicular cargo proteins from surface- as well as non-vesicular proteins and compare the EV-sorting potential of 244 candidate proteins. We identify 24 proteins with conserved EV-sorting abilities across five types of producer cells. TSPAN2 and TSPAN3 emerge as lead candidates and outperform the well-studied CD63 scaffold. Importantly, these engineered EVs show promise as delivery vehicles in cell cultures and mice as demonstrated by efficient transfer of luminal cargo proteins as well as surface display of different functional entities. The discovery of these scaffolds provides a platform for EV-based engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zheng
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Julia Rädler
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Helena Sork
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Zheyu Niu
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Samantha Roudi
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jeremy P Bost
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - André Görgens
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ying Zhao
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Doste R Mamand
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xiuming Liang
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Oscar P B Wiklander
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Taavi Lehto
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Joel Z Nordin
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Bost JP, Saher O, Hagey D, Mamand DR, Liang X, Zheng W, Corso G, Gustafsson O, Görgens A, Smith CIE, Zain R, El Andaloussi S, Gupta D. Growth Media Conditions Influence the Secretion Route and Release Levels of Engineered Extracellular Vesicles. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101658. [PMID: 34773385 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized cell-derived vesicles produced by all cells, which provide a route of intercellular communication by transmitting biological cargo. While EVs offer promise as therapeutic agents, the molecular mechanisms of EV biogenesis are not yet fully elucidated, in part due to the concurrence of numerous interwoven pathways which give rise to heterogenous EV populations in vitro. The equilibrium between the EV-producing pathways is heavily influenced by factors in the extracellular environment, in such a way that can be taken advantage of to boost production of engineered EVs. In this study, a quantifiable EV-engineering approach is used to investigate how different cell media conditions alter EV production. The presence of serum, exogenous EVs, and other signaling factors in cell media alters EV production at the physical, molecular, and transcriptional levels. Further, it is demonstrated that the ceramide-dependent EV biogenesis route is the major pathway to production of engineered EVs during optimized EV-production. These findings suggest a novel understanding to the mechanisms underlying EV production in cell culture which can be applied to develop advanced EV production methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P. Bost
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - Osama Saher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Daniel Hagey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - Doste R. Mamand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Cihan University‐Erbil Arbil 5XC8+WV Iraq
| | - Xiuming Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - Wenyi Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - Giulia Corso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - Oskar Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - CI Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - Rula Zain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
- Centre for Rare Diseases Department of Clinical Genetics Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm SE‐171 76 Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge 14152 Sweden
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Bost JP, Barriga H, Holme MN, Gallud A, Maugeri M, Gupta D, Lehto T, Valadi H, Esbjörner EK, Stevens MM, El-Andaloussi S. Correction to "Delivery of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics: Chemical Modifications, Lipid Nanoparticles, and Extracellular Vesicles". ACS Nano 2021; 15:18590-18591. [PMID: 34714048 PMCID: PMC11027590 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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Bost JP, Barriga H, Holme MN, Gallud A, Maugeri M, Gupta D, Lehto T, Valadi H, Esbjörner EK, Stevens MM, El-Andaloussi S. Delivery of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics: Chemical Modifications, Lipid Nanoparticles, and Extracellular Vesicles. ACS Nano 2021; 15:13993-14021. [PMID: 34505766 PMCID: PMC8482762 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides (ONs) comprise a rapidly growing class of therapeutics. In recent years, the list of FDA-approved ON therapies has rapidly expanded. ONs are small (15-30 bp) nucleotide-based therapeutics which are capable of targeting DNA and RNA as well as other biomolecules. ONs can be subdivided into several classes based on their chemical modifications and on the mechanisms of their target interactions. Historically, the largest hindrance to the widespread usage of ON therapeutics has been their inability to effectively internalize into cells and escape from endosomes to reach their molecular targets in the cytosol or nucleus. While cell uptake has been improved, "endosomal escape" remains a significant problem. There are a range of approaches to overcome this, and in this review, we focus on three: altering the chemical structure of the ONs, formulating synthetic, lipid-based nanoparticles to encapsulate the ONs, or biologically loading the ONs into extracellular vesicles. This review provides a background to the design and mode of action of existing FDA-approved ONs. It presents the most common ON classifications and chemical modifications from a fundamental scientific perspective and provides a roadmap of the cellular uptake pathways by which ONs are trafficked. Finally, this review delves into each of the above-mentioned approaches to ON delivery, highlighting the scientific principles behind each and covering recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P. Bost
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
| | - Hanna Barriga
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Margaret N. Holme
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Audrey Gallud
- Department
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
- Advanced
Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43150, Sweden
| | - Marco Maugeri
- Department
of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41390, Sweden
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
| | - Taavi Lehto
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
- Institute
of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Hadi Valadi
- Department
of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41390, Sweden
| | - Elin K. Esbjörner
- Department
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Samir El-Andaloussi
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
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