1
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Semlali A, Almutairi MH, Alharbi SN, Alamri AM, Alrefaei AF, Almutairi BO, Rouabhia M. The correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms of the thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor and breast cancer in a cohort of female patients in Saudi Arabia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67544-67554. [PMID: 34258703 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to examine thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) genetic variation and breast cancer (BC) susceptibility in women in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, 127 blood samples from female patients diagnosed with BC and 116 blood samples from healthy female controls were studied using a genotyping assay to determine the association between three TSLPR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)-P196L, X201W, and A238V-and the risk of BC progression. In addition, gene expression was evaluated in 20 matching BC and normal tissues using immunohistochemistry. TSLPR protein levels were higher among BC patients than those with matching normal breast tissue. In addition, TSLPR SNP P196L was found to have a significant protective effect on BC progression (OR = 0.4427), although only the T allele for TSLPR P196L had this protective effect against BC progression in participants who were younger than 48 years old. In contrast, no association was found between the T allele and risk of BC in participants who were older than 48 years old, and the CT and TT genotypes were significantly associated with BC risk protection in the older group. The effects of the TT genotype and the T allele were closely associated with a decreased risk of BC in participants with estrogen receptors (ER+) and without them (ER-). Overall, the findings revealed a significant correlation between SNPs in the TSLPR genes and BC progression among women in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire- Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Zoology DepartmentCollege of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sultan N Alharbi
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alamri
- Genome Research ChairDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Science King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahed F Alrefaei
- Zoology DepartmentCollege of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Zoology DepartmentCollege of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Rouabhia
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire- Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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2
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Armitage JD, Newnes HV, McDonnell A, Bosco A, Waithman J. Fine-Tuning the Tumour Microenvironment: Current Perspectives on the Mechanisms of Tumour Immunosuppression. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010056. [PMID: 33401460 PMCID: PMC7823446 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionised the treatment of cancers by harnessing the power of the immune system to eradicate malignant tissue. However, it is well recognised that some cancers are highly resistant to these therapies, which is in part attributed to the immunosuppressive landscape of the tumour microenvironment (TME). The contexture of the TME is highly heterogeneous and contains a complex architecture of immune, stromal, vascular and tumour cells in addition to acellular components such as the extracellular matrix. While understanding the dynamics of the TME has been instrumental in predicting durable responses to immunotherapy and developing new treatment strategies, recent evidence challenges the fundamental paradigms of how tumours can effectively subvert immunosurveillance. Here, we discuss the various immunosuppressive features of the TME and how fine-tuning these mechanisms, rather than ablating them completely, may result in a more comprehensive and balanced anti-tumour response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D. Armitage
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.D.A.); (H.V.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Hannah V. Newnes
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.D.A.); (H.V.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Alison McDonnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.D.A.); (H.V.N.); (A.M.)
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Anthony Bosco
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.D.A.); (H.V.N.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Jason Waithman
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.D.A.); (H.V.N.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (J.W.)
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3
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Protti MP, De Monte L. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin and Cancer: Th2-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2088. [PMID: 33042121 PMCID: PMC7524868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an IL-7-like cytokine originally cloned from a murine thymic stromal cell line, and subsequently a human homolog was identified using database search methods. Human TSLP is mostly expressed in epithelial cells, among which are keratinocytes as well as stromal cells such as fibroblasts and immune cells. Human TSLP was first described to activate myeloid dendritic cells, which prime naïve T helper cells to produce high concentrations of Th2 cytokines, thus representing a key cytokine in triggering dendritic cells-mediated allergic Th2 inflammation. TSLP and/or its receptor has been shown to be expressed in several tumor types, where TSLP expression is associated with functional activities that can be associated or not with the induction of a Th2-prone tumor microenvironment, i.e., Th2-dependent and Th2-independent mechanisms. These mechanisms involve tissue- and immune cell target-dependent tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive functions in different or even the same tumor type. Here we report and discuss the Th2-dependent and Th2-independent roles of TSLP in cancer and possible therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Protti
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia De Monte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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4
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Sadeghi F, Shirkhoda M. Allergy-Related Diseases and Risk of Breast Cancer: The Role of Skewed Immune System on This Association. ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY 2019; 10:2152656719860820. [PMID: 31384488 PMCID: PMC6647241 DOI: 10.1177/2152656719860820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The role of allergy in breast cancer (BC) development remains inconclusive. A
comprehensive review article is required to present and discuss all findings
on this topic and to clarify the association between allergic disorders and
the risk of BC. Objective We aimed to explain the association between atopy, different types of
allergic disorders, and the risk of BC. Moreover, we explored the
immunological mechanism behind this association. Methods We electronically reviewed publications in PubMed from 1979 to 2018 relating
to atopy, allergy, asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, food
allergy, drug allergy, immunoglobulin E (IgE) or prick test, and BC. Results Most of the identified studies demonstrated nonsignificant results. However,
the pattern of the results indicated an increased risk of BC in individuals
with a history of allergies. The majority of studies reported higher
prevalence of atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis among individuals with
BC compared to the control groups. Similarity, most of the studies revealed
an increased risk of BC among people with a positive history of atopic using
IgE specific or prick test. However, a null association was reported in most
of the asthmatic studies, and controversial results were detected in the
individuals with history of food and drug allergies. Conclusion The majority of findings were not statistically significant. Moreover, bias
and other methodological problems are the major issues, which make it
challenging to compare the findings of different studies and reach a strong
conclusive result. However, the pattern of the results from most studies
indicated that allergic diseases might be associated with an increased risk
of BC. Skewed immune system toward T-helper 2 might have an important role
in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadeghi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shirkhoda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Leibold AT, Monaco GN, Dey M. The role of the immune system in brain metastasis. CURRENT NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 10:33-48. [PMID: 31097897 PMCID: PMC6513348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic brain tumors are the most common brain tumors in adults. With numerous successful advancements in systemic treatment of most common cancer types, brain metastasis is becoming increasingly important in the overall prognosis of cancer patients. Brain metastasis of peripheral tumor is the result of complex interplay of primary tumor, immune system and central nervous system microenvironment. Once formed, brain metastases hide behind the blood brain barrier and become inaccessible to chemotherapies that are otherwise successful in targeting systemic cancer. The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors for several common cancers such as advanced melanoma and lung cancers brings with it the opportunity and obligation to further understand the mechanisms of immunosuppression by tumors that spread to the brain as well as the interaction between the brain environment and tumor microenvironment. In this review paper we define the central role of the immune system in the development of brain metastases. We performed a comprehensive review of the literature to outline the molecular mechanisms of immunosuppression used by tumors and how the immune system interacts with the central nervous system to facilitate brain metastasis. In particular we discuss the tumor-type-specific mechanisms of metastasis of cancers that preferentially metastasize to the brain as well as the therapies that effectively modulate the immune response, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Leibold
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gina N Monaco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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6
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Overexpression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin is correlated with poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190116. [PMID: 31023965 PMCID: PMC6522712 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an IL-7-like cytokine that has been reported to be associated with several malignant tumors. The present study aimed to evaluate its role in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). The mRNA levels of TSLP in human EOC samples and EOC cell lines were determined. Then, the expression of TSLP was examined in 144 clinical tissue microarray samples and correlated with clinicopathological factors. Finally, the correlation between TSLP overexpression and prognosis of EOC patients was analyzed. Our data show that mRNA levels of TSLP were significantly higher in EOC tissues and cell lines. Chi-square tests revealed that TSLP overexpression in EOC was significantly associated with age, histological type, Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histological differentiation, pelvic involvement, and lymphatic metastasis. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that poor prognosis was significantly correlated with older age, advanced FIGO stage, poor histological differentiation, pelvic involvement, lymphatic involvement, or TSLP overexpression (P<0.05). Additionally, multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed pelvic involvement and TSLP overexpression as independent prognostic factors for both overall and disease-free survival. Taken altogether, TSLP overexpression reflects a more malignant phenotype and TSLP may be a novel biomarker for EOC.
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7
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Vizio B, Boita M, Cristiano C, Mazibrada J, Bosco O, Novarino A, Prati A, Sciascia S, Rolla G, Ciuffreda L, Montrucchio G, Bellone G. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: expression and prognostic significance. Oncotarget 2018; 9:32795-32809. [PMID: 30214685 PMCID: PMC6132354 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has emerged as an important, but contradictory, player conditioning tumor growth. In certain contexts, by driving T helper (h) 2 responses via tumor-associated OX40 Ligand (OX40L)+ dendritic cells (DCs), TSLP may play a pro-tumorigenic role. The study elucidates the importance of TSPL in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), by analyzing: i) TSLP levels in PDAC cell-line supernatants and plasma from patients with locally-advanced/metastatic PDAC, pre- and post-treatment with different chemotherapeutic protocols, in comparison with healthy donors; ii) TSLP and OX40L expression in PDAC and normal pancreatic tissues, by immunohistochemistry; iii) OX40L expression on ex vivo-generated normal DCs in the presence of tumor-derived TSLP, by flow cytometry; iv) clinical relevance in terms of diagnostic and prognostic value and influence on treatment modality and response. Some PDAC cell lines, such as BxPC-3, expressed both TSLP mRNA and protein. Normal DCs, generated ex vivo in the presence of TSLP-rich-cell supernatants, displayed increased expression of OX40L, reduced by the addition of a neutralizing anti-TSLP polyclonal antibody. OX40L+ cells were detected in pancreatic tumor inflammatory infiltrates. Abnormally elevated TSLP levels were detected in situ in tumor cells and, systemically, in locally-advanced/metastatic PDAC patients. Of the chemotherapeutic protocols applied, gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin (GEMOX) significantly increased circulating TSLP levels. Elevated plasma TSLP concentration was associated with shorter overall survival and increased risk of poor outcome. Plasma TSLP measurement successfully discriminated PDAC patients from healthy controls. These data show that TSLP secreted by pancreatic cancer cells may directly impact PDAC biology and patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vizio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Boita
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medical Science, Azienda Ospedaliera Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Carmen Cristiano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Jasenka Mazibrada
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Duckworth Ln, Bradford BD9 6RJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ornella Bosco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Novarino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Adriana Prati
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Savino Sciascia
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases-Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, and SCDU Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital and University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rolla
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medical Science, Azienda Ospedaliera Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Libero Ciuffreda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Graziella Bellone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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8
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Hao X, Li A, Zhang J, Carey CD, Falo LD, You Z. Tumor-derived high-mobility group box 1 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin are involved in modulating dendritic cells to activate T regulatory cells in a mouse model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:353-366. [PMID: 29116372 PMCID: PMC11028122 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in the tumor-associated activation of regulatory T cells (Treg), but the mechanisms remain unknown. In a mouse tumor model, silencing HMGB1 in tumor cells or inhibiting tumor-derived HMGB1 not only dampened the capacity of tumor cells to produce thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), but also aborted the tumor-associated modulation of Treg-activating DC. Tumor-derived HMGB1 triggered the production of TSLP by tumor cells. Importantly, both tumor-derived HMGB1 and TSLP were necessary for modulating DC to activate Treg in a TSLP receptor (TSLPR)-dependent manner. In the therapeutic model, intratumorally inhibiting tumor-derived HMGB1 (causing downstream loss of TSLP production) attenuated Treg activation, unleashed tumor-specific CD8 T cell responses, and elicited CD8α+/CD103+DC- and T cell-dependent antitumor activity. These results suggest a new pathway for the activation of Treg involving in tumor-derived HMGB1 and TSLP, and have important implications for incorporating HMGB1 inhibitors into cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuqiang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xingxing Hao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Cleveland Clinic, Cole Eye Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jiying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Cara D Carey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Zhaoyang You
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- W1154 Thomas E. Starzl Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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9
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Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was identified more than 20 years ago as a secreted factor of a mouse thymic stromal cell line; later, a human orthologue was also identified. The signaling pathway triggered by TSLP has been extensively studied, and upregulation of the cytokine itself is linked to the pathogenesis of numerous Th2-related diseases, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic responses, as well as certain types of cancers. On the other hand, TSLP mediates several immune homeostatic functions in both the gut and the thymus. Thus, a paradox occurs; why is TSLP homeostatic in certain tissues and a hallmark of exacerbated Th2 responses in the aforementioned pathologies? We and others have recently shown that in humans a novel isoform exists; this is a shorter isoform of TSLP whose expression is constitutive and controlled by a separate promoter. Short TSLP isoform mediates the homeostatic functions, whereas the long isoform is expressed at low/undetectable level at steady state and upregulated during inflammation in several tissues. Here we review the most recent data concerning the differential expression of the 2 isoforms and provide a potential explanation to the paradox. TSLP is regarded as a promising target for treatment of relevant pathologies, with a number of clinical trials already underway. It is important to design new strategies aimed at leaving intact the homeostatic effects of the short isoform while targeting the inflammatory effects of the long isoform.
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Key Words
- Atopic Diseases
- DC, dendritic cell
- Gut Homeostasis
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- ILC, innate lymphoid cells
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin
- TSLPR, thymic stromal lymphopoietin protein receptor
- Therapeutic Targets
- Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
- Treg, regulatory T cells
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10
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Higgins MJ, Serrano A, Boateng KY, Parsons VA, Phuong T, Seifert A, Ricca JM, Tucker KC, Eidelman AS, Carey MA, Kurt RA. A Multifaceted Role for Myd88-Dependent Signaling in Progression of Murine Mammary Carcinoma. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 10:157-167. [PMID: 27812285 PMCID: PMC5084708 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s40075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous data obtained in our laboratory suggested that there may be constitutive signaling through the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88)-dependent signaling cascade in murine mammary carcinoma. Here, we extended these findings by showing that, in the absence of an added Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist, the myddosome complex was preformed in 4T1 tumor cells, and that Myd88 influenced cytoplasmic extracellular signal–regulated kinase (Erk)1/Erk2 levels, nuclear levels of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFκB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), tumor-derived chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) expression, and in vitro and in vivo tumor growth. In addition, RNA-sequencing revealed that Myd88-dependent signaling enhanced the expression of genes that could contribute to breast cancer progression and genes previously associated with poor outcome for patients with breast cancer, in addition to suppressing the expression of genes capable of inhibiting breast cancer progression. Yet, Myd88-dependent signaling in tumor cells also suppressed expression of genes that could contribute to tumor progression. Collectively, these data revealed a multifaceted role for Myd88-dependent signaling in murine mammary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J Higgins
- Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
| | | | - Kofi Y Boateng
- Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
| | | | - Tiffany Phuong
- Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
| | - Alyssa Seifert
- Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
| | - Jacob M Ricca
- Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
| | - Kyle C Tucker
- Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Robert A Kurt
- Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
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11
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Takahashi N, Sugaya M, Suga H, Oka T, Kawaguchi M, Miyagaki T, Fujita H, Sato S. Thymic Stromal Chemokine TSLP Acts through Th2 Cytokine Production to Induce Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6241-6252. [PMID: 27634769 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) activates dendritic cells to induce Th2-mediated inflammation. Periostin, an extracellular matrix protein produced by fibroblasts, induces chronic inflammation by stimulating TSLP production. Recently, a reinforcing cycle linking Th2-type immune responses with periostin-induced keratinocyte activation has been proposed in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of TSLP and periostin in the development of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), where Th2 cytokines and chemokines are also dominant. TSLP and periostin mRNA expression levels were elevated in CTCL lesional skin, both of which correlated with IL4 expression levels. In vitro and ex vivo, IL4 or IL13 stimulated periostin expression by dermal fibroblasts, and fibroblasts from CTCL lesional skin expressed higher levels of periostin than those from control skin. Serum periostin levels of CTCL patients were also significantly higher than those of healthy individuals. Hut78 and MJ, CTCL cell lines, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from leukemic CTCL patients expressed the TSLP receptor. TSLP induced production of IL4 and IL13 by Hut78 and MJ cells through the activation of STAT5. Moreover, TSLP induced proliferation of CTCL cells both in vitro and in vivo These data suggest that periostin-mediated TSLP production by keratinocytes directly stimulates CTCL tumor cell growth in addition to inducing a Th2-dominant tumor environment in CTCL. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6241-52. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugaya
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiraku Suga
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Oka
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Kawaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyagaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Piaseczny MM, Pio GM, Chu JE, Xia Y, Nguyen K, Goodale D, Allan A. Generation of Organ-conditioned Media and Applications for Studying Organ-specific Influences on Breast Cancer Metastatic Behavior. J Vis Exp 2016:54037. [PMID: 27341354 PMCID: PMC4927791 DOI: 10.3791/54037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer preferentially metastasizes to the lymph node, bone, lung, brain and liver in breast cancer patients. Previous research efforts have focused on identifying factors inherent to breast cancer cells that are responsible for this observed metastatic pattern (termed organ tropism), however much less is known about factors present within specific organs that contribute to this process. This is in part because of a lack of in vitro model systems that accurately recapitulate the organ microenvironment. To address this, an ex vivo model system has been established that allows for the study of soluble factors present within different organ microenvironments. This model consists of generating conditioned media from organs (lymph node, bone, lung, and brain) isolated from normal athymic nude mice. The model system has been validated by demonstrating that different breast cancer cell lines display cell-line specific and organ-specific malignant behavior in response to organ-conditioned media that corresponds to their in vivo metastatic potential. This model system can be used to identify and evaluate specific organ-derived soluble factors that may play a role in the metastatic behavior of breast and other types of cancer cells, including influences on growth, migration, stem-like behavior, and gene expression, as well as the identification of potential new therapeutic targets for cancer. This is the first ex vivo model system that can be used to study organ-specific metastatic behavior in detail and evaluate the role of specific organ-derived soluble factors in driving the process of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Piaseczny
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University
| | - Graciella M Pio
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University
| | - Jenny E Chu
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University
| | - Ying Xia
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre
| | - Kim Nguyen
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University
| | - David Goodale
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre
| | - Alison Allan
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University; Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University; Lawson Health Research Institute;
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13
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Watanabe J, Saito H, Miyatani K, Ikeguchi M, Umekita Y. TSLP Expression and High Serum TSLP Level Indicate a Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer Patients. Yonago Acta Med 2015; 58:137-143. [PMID: 26538800 PMCID: PMC4626360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays an important role in promoting tumor survival, by manipulating the immune response and angiogenesis. However, the clinical significance of TSLP in gastric cancer is unclear. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate TSLP expression in non-cancerous gastric mucosa and gastric cancer tissue from patients with gastric cancer. Serum TSLP levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Tumors with TSLP expression were significantly larger than those without TSLP expression. TSLP expression was observed more frequently in advanced (T2/T3/T4) than in early (T1) gastric cancer and in stage 3/4 than in stage 1/2. Lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis, positive peritoneal lavage cytology, lymphatic invasion, and vascular invasion occurred significantly more often in TSLP-expressing than in non-expressing tumors. The prognosis of patients with TSLP-positive tumors was significantly worse than that of patients with TSLP-negative tumors. Patients with high serum TSLP concentrations also had a significantly worse prognosis than those with low concentrations. Multivariate analysis identified serum TSLP level as an independent prognostic indicator. CONCLUSION TSLP is closely related to the progression of gastric cancer and may predict survival in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Watanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kozo Miyatani
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Masahide Ikeguchi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Umekita
- †Division of Organ Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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Ying G, Zhang Y, Tang G, Chen S. Functions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in non-allergic diseases. Cell Immunol 2015; 295:144-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Lo Kuan E, Ziegler SF. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin and cancer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 193:4283-8. [PMID: 25326546 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Originally shown to promote the growth and activation of B cells, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is now known to have wide-ranging effects on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell lineages. These include dendritic cells, basophils, mast cells, B cells, epithelial cells, and CD4(+), CD8(+), and NK T cells. Although TSLP's role in the promotion of Th2 responses has been studied extensively in the context of lung- and skin-specific allergic disorders, it is becoming increasingly clear that TSLP may impact multiple disease states within multiple organ systems. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the surprising role of TSLP in the control of a variety of cancers, both solid tumors and leukemia, in which the TSLP/TSLP receptor axis was shown to be an important regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Lo Kuan
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
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16
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Chang KK, Liu LB, Li H, Mei J, Shao J, Xie F, Li MQ, Li DJ. TSLP induced by estrogen stimulates secretion of MCP-1 and IL-8 and growth of human endometrial stromal cells through JNK and NF-κB signal pathways. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:1889-1899. [PMID: 24966899 PMCID: PMC4069968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It has reported that human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) express thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and TSLP concentrations in the serum and peritoneal fluid were higher in women with endometriosis. Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease. The present study aimed to elucidate whether and how estrogen regulates the growth of ESCs through TSLP. The ESCs behaviors in vitro were verified by SRB assay and Ki67 level detection, respectively. In addition, the effects of estrogen on TSLP and TSLP on the correspondent functional molecules were investigated by ELISA and flow cytometry. Here we found that estrogen stimulated the secretion of TSLP in a dosage-dependent manner. Recombinant human TSLP stimulates the secretion of MCP-1 and IL-8, and markedly promotes the viability and proliferation relative gene Ki-67 expression of ESCs. These effects could be abolished by the inhibitor for JNK or NF-κB signal, respectively. Moreover, not only anti-TSLP neutralizing antibody, but also blocking JNK or NF-κB signal by inhibitor abrogated the stimulatory role in the production of MCP-1 and IL-8, and the growth of ESCs induced by estrogen. Our current study has demonstrated that TSLP is involved in the regulation of estrogen on the secretion of MCP-1 and IL-8, and the growth of ESCs through JNK and NF-κB signal pathways, which suggests that the abnormal high expression of TSLP induced by estrogen may play an important role in ESCs growth and finally contribute to the origin and development of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Kai Chang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Li-Bing Liu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jun Shao
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College Shanghai 200011, China
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