1
|
Lau YT, Tan HS. Acinetobacter baumannii subunit vaccines: recent progress and challenges. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:434-449. [PMID: 37211625 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2215303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial infection with a high mortality rate in immunocompromised individuals. With the frequent emergence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains that have rapidly gained resistance to most antibiotics, an extensive search for an effective A. baumannii vaccine is ongoing. Over the decade, many subunit vaccine candidates were identified using reverse vaccinology and in vivo animal studies for validation. Nineteen subunit vaccine candidates with a wide range of efficacy, from 14% to 100% preclinical survival rates, were included in this review. This article provides an updated review of several outer membrane proteins (Omp) that emerged as vaccine candidates with great potential, including OmpA, Omp34, Omp22 and BamA, based on their high conservancy, antigenicity, and immune protection against A. baumannii infection. However, there is still no licenced A. baumannii vaccine currently due to several practical issues that have yet to be resolved, such as inconsistencies between validation studies, antigen variability and insolubility. Moving forward, much investigation and innovation are still required to tackle these challenges for the regulatory approval of an A. baumannii subunit vaccine, including standardisation of immunisation study parameters, improving antigen solubility and the incorporation of nucleic acid vaccine technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Teng Lau
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Hock Siew Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sabzi S, Habibi M, Badmasti F, Shahbazi S, Asadi Karam MR, Farokhi M. Polydopamine-based nano adjuvant as a promising vaccine carrier induces significant immune responses against Acinetobacter baumannii-associated pneumonia. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123961. [PMID: 38432452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of polydopamine nanoparticles (PDANPs) as a delivery system for intranasal antigen administration to prevent Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii)-associated pneumonia. In the in vitro phase, the conserved outer membrane protein 22 (Omp22)-encoding gene of A. baumannii was cloned, expressed, and purified, resulting in the production of recombinant Omp22 (rOmp22), which was verified using western blot. PDANPs were synthesized using dopamine monomers and loaded with rOmp22 through physical adsorption. The rOmp22-loaded PDANPs were characterized in terms of size, size distribution, zeta potential, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), loading capacity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), release profile, and cytotoxicity. In the in vivo phase, the adjuvant effect of rOmp22-loaded PDANPs was evaluated in terms of eliciting immune responses, including humoral and cytokine levels (IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ), as well as protection challenge. The rOmp22-loaded PDANPs were spherical with a size of 205 nm, a zeta potential of -14 mV, and a loading capacity of approximately 35.7 %. The released rOmp22 from nontoxic rOmp22-loaded PDANPs over 20 days was approximately 41.5 %, with preserved rOmp22 integrity. The IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in immunized mice with rOmp22-loaded-PDANPs than in rOmp22-alum, naive Omp22, and control groups. Furthermore, rOmp22-loaded PDANPs induced effective protection against infection in the experimental challenge and showed more normal structures in the lung histopathology assay. The results of this study suggest the potential of PDANPs as a nano-adjuvant for inducing strong immune responses to combat A. baumannii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Sabzi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Habibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Badmasti
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Shahbazi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heidarinia H, Tajbakhsh E, Rostamian M, Momtaz H. Two peptides derivate from Acinetobacter baumannii outer membrane protein K as vaccine candidates: a comprehensive in silico study. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:128. [PMID: 37391796 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of appropriate vaccines is an obstacle to the effective management of A. baumannii infections. Peptide vaccines offer an attractive and promising preventive strategy against A. baumannii. OBJECTIVE In this study, we identified specific T cell epitopes of A. baumannii outer membrane protein K (OMPK) using comprehensive bioinformatics and detailed molecular docking analysis. METHODS Both class-I and class-II T cell epitopes of A. baumannii OMPK were predicted by three tools namely IEDB, SYFPEITHI, and ProPred. The predicted epitopes were shortlisted based on several analyses including prediction scoring, clustering, exclusion of human similarity, considering immunogenicity and cytokine production, and removal of toxic and/or allergen epitopes. The epitopic peptides with high prediction scores and appropriate properties containing both class-I and class-II T cell epitopes were selected. Two of these class I/II epitopic peptides were chosen for molecular docking studies and assessing their physicochemical properties as vaccine candidates. RESULTS The results showed many T-cell epitopes of OMPK that could be evaluated for possible immunogenicity. Two of these epitopes (containing both class-I and II epitopes) had high prediction scores, were predicted by several tools, attached to several HLAs, and had the best docking score. They had different physicochemical properties and were conserved among Acinetobacter species. DISCUSSION We identified the A. baumannii OMPK high immunogenic class-I and class-II T cell epitopes and introduced two promising high immunogenic peptides as vaccine candidates. It is recommended to perform in vitro/in vivo investigation of these peptides to determine their true efficacy and efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Heidarinia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elahe Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mosayeb Rostamian
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza Hospital, Parastar Blvd, Kermanshah, 6714415333, Iran.
| | - Hassan Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gal Y, Marcus H, Mamroud E, Aloni-Grinstein R. Mind the Gap-A Perspective on Strategies for Protecting against Bacterial Infections during the Period from Infection to Eradication. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1701. [PMID: 37512874 PMCID: PMC10386665 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a pressing public health concern, highlighting the need for alternative approaches to control bacterial infections. Promising approaches include the development of therapeutic vaccines and the utilization of innate immune activation techniques, which may prove useful in conjunction with antibiotics, as well as other antibacterial modalities. However, innate activation should be fast and self- or actively- contained to prevent detrimental consequences. TLR ligand adjuvants are effective at rapidly activating, within minutes to hours, the innate immune system by inducing cytokine production and other signaling molecules that bolster the host's immune response. Neutrophils serve as the first line of defense against invading pathogens by capturing and destroying them through various mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, intracellular degradation, and the formation of NETs. Nutritional immunity is another host defense mechanism that limits the availability of essential metals, such as iron, from invading bacterial pathogens. Thus, iron starvation has been proposed as a potential antibacterial strategy. In this review, we focus on approaches that have the potential to enhance rapid and precise antibacterial responses, bridging the gap between the onset of infection and the elimination of bacteria, hence limiting the infection by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Gal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Hadar Marcus
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Emanuelle Mamroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Ronit Aloni-Grinstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elbehiry A, Marzouk E, Moussa I, Mushayt Y, Algarni AA, Alrashed OA, Alghamdi KS, Almutairi NA, Anagreyyah SA, Alzahrani A, Almuzaini AM, Alzaben F, Alotaibi MA, Anjiria SA, Abu-Okail A, Abalkhail A. The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Its Vaccination Status among Healthcare Providers. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1171. [PMID: 37514987 PMCID: PMC10384490 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing concern among healthcare providers worldwide regarding the prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii). Some of the worst hospital-acquired infections, often in intensive care units (ICUs), are caused by this bacterial pathogen. In recent years, the rise in multidrug-resistant A. baumannii has been linked to the overuse of antimicrobial drugs and the lack of adequate infection control measures. Infections caused by this bacterial pathogen are the result of prolonged hospitalization and ICU stays, and they are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This review outlines the epidemiology, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance associated with A. baumannii in various countries, with a special focus on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In response to the growing concern regarding this drug-resistant bacteria, fundamental information about its pathology has been incorporated into the development of vaccines. Although these vaccines have been successful in animal models, their effectiveness in humans remains unproven. The review will discuss the development of A. baumannii vaccines, potential related obstacles, and efforts to find an effective strategy against this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Elbehiry
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32511, Egypt
| | - Eman Marzouk
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihab Moussa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed Mushayt
- Department of Support Service, King Fahad Armed Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Osama Ali Alrashed
- Family Medicine Department, King Fahad Armed Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Saad Alghamdi
- Family Medicine Department, King Fahad Armed Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Ahmed Almutairi
- Family Medicine Department, King Fahad Armed Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anwar Alzahrani
- Cardiac Center, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Almuzaini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras Alzaben
- Department of Food Service, King Fahad Armed Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Akram Abu-Okail
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Abalkhail
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li HJ, Yang BT, Sun YF, Zhao T, Hao ZP, Gu W, Sun MX, Cong W, Kang YH. Oral vaccination with recombinant Lactobacillus casei with surface displayed OmpK fused to CTB as an adjuvant against Vibrio mimicus infection in Carassius auratus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108659. [PMID: 36868535 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio mimicus (V. mimicus) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes diseases in humans and various aquatic animals. A particularly efficient way to provide protection against V. mimicus is through vaccination. However, there are few commercial vaccines against V. mimics, especially oral vaccines. In our study, two surface-display recombinant Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) Lc-pPG-OmpK and Lc-pPG-OmpK-CTB were constructed using L. casei ATCC393 as an antigen delivery vector, outer membrane protein K (OmpK) of V. mimicus as an antigen, and cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as a molecular adjuvant; furthermore, the immunological effects of recombinant L.casei in Carassius auratus (C. auratus) were assessed. The results indicated that oral recombinant L.casei Lc-pPG-OmpK and Lc-pPG-OmpK-CTB stimulated higher levels of serum-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and increased the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme (LYS), lectin, C3, and C4 in C. auratus, compared with control groups (Lc-pPG group and PBS group). Furthermore, the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the liver, spleen, head kidney, hind intestine and gills of C. auratus was significantly increased, compared with that in the controls. These results demonstrated that the two recombinant L. casei strains could effectively trigger humoral and cellular immunity in C. auratus. In addition, two recombinant L.casei strains were able to survive and colonize the intestine of C. auratus. Importantly, after being challenged with V. mimicus, C. auratus fed Lc-pPG-OmpK and Lc-pPG-OmpK-CTB exhibited greater survival rates than the controls (52.08% and 58.33%, respectively). The data showed that recombinant L. casei could elicit a protective immunological response in C. auratus. The effect of the Lc-pPG-OmpK-CTB group was better than that of the Lc-pPG-OmpK group, and Lc-pPG-OmpK-CTB was found to be an effective candidate for oral vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jin Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China; College of Veterinary Medicine / College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Bin-Tong Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China; Shandong Fu Han Ocean Sci-Tech Co., Ltd, Haiyang, 265100, China
| | - Yu-Feng Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine / College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China; College of Veterinary Medicine / College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Hao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Microecological Preparation, Shandong Baolai-Leelai Bio-Tech Co., Ltd, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Meng-Xia Sun
- Shandong Fu Han Ocean Sci-Tech Co., Ltd, Haiyang, 265100, China
| | - Wei Cong
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China.
| | - Yuan-Huan Kang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Microecological Preparation, Shandong Baolai-Leelai Bio-Tech Co., Ltd, Tai'an, 271000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang N, Jin X, Zhu C, Gao F, Weng Z, Du X, Feng G. Subunit vaccines for Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1088130. [PMID: 36713441 PMCID: PMC9878323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1088130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative bacterium and a crucial opportunistic pathogen in hospitals. A. baumannii infection has become a challenging problem in clinical practice due to the increasing number of multidrug-resistant strains and their prevalence worldwide. Vaccines are effective tools to prevent and control A. baumannii infection. Many researchers are studying subunit vaccines against A. baumannii. Subunit vaccines have the advantages of high purity, safety, and stability, ease of production, and highly targeted induced immune responses. To date, no A. baumannii subunit vaccine candidate has entered clinical trials. This may be related to the easy degradation of subunit vaccines in vivo and weak immunogenicity. Using adjuvants or delivery vehicles to prepare subunit vaccines can slow down degradation and improve immunogenicity. The common immunization routes include intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection, intraperitoneal injection and mucosal vaccination. The appropriate immunization method can also enhance the immune effect of subunit vaccines. Therefore, selecting an appropriate adjuvant and immunization method is essential for subunit vaccine research. This review summarizes the past exploration of A. baumannii subunit vaccines, hoping to guide current and future research on these vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenghua Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fenglin Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheqi Weng
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingran Du
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Xingran Du, ; Ganzhu Feng,
| | - Ganzhu Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Xingran Du, ; Ganzhu Feng,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fereshteh S, Ajdary S, Sepehr A, Bolourchi N, Barzi SM, Haririzadeh Jouriani F, Riazi-Rad F, Shahcheraghi F, Badmasti F. Immunization with recombinant DcaP-like protein and AbOmpA revealed protections against sepsis infection of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST2 Pas in a C57BL/6 mouse model. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105882. [PMID: 36403713 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The prevalence of infections associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is increasing worldwide. Therefore, the introduction of effective vaccines against this bacterium seems necessary. METHODS AbOmpA and DcaP-like protein were selected as promising and putative immunogenic candidates based on previous in silico studies. Three formulations including AbOmpA, DcaP-like protein, and AbOmpA + DcaP-like protein were injected into C57BL/6 mice three times with Alum adjuvant. The specific production of IgG antibodies (e.g. total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2c) and cytokines (e.g. IL-4, IL-6, and IL-17A), were evaluated. LD50% of MDR A. baumannii ST2Pas was measured using Probit's method. After the challenge with bacteria, a decrease in bacterial loads (DLs) in the lung and spleen of mice was measured. Then serum bactericidal assay was performed to determine the function of antibodies on day 42. In addition, histopathological examinations of the spleen and lung, the number of macrophage and neutrophil, as well as the rate of lymphocyte infiltration were assessed. RESULTS The highest level of total IgG was reported in the group immunized with DcaP-like protein on day 42. The survival rate of mice was 80% in the AbOmpA immunized group and 100% for the rest of two groups. DLs in the spleen of mice immunized with AbOmpA, DcaP-like protein, and combination form were 3.5, 3, and 3.4 Log10 (CFU/g), respectively. While in the lung, the DLs were 7.5 Log10 (CFU/g) for the AbOmpA group and 5 for the rest of two groups. The levels of IL-6, IL-4, and IL-17A were significantly decreased in all immunized groups after the bacterial challenge (except for IL-17A in the group of AbOmpA). The bactericidal effect of antibodies against DcaP-like protein was more effective. No histopathological damage was observed in the combination immunized group. The DcaP-like protein was more effective in neutrophil and macrophage deployment and decreased lymphocyte infiltration. CONCLUSION The results of immunization with AbOmpA + DcaP-like protein induced a protective reaction against the sepsis infection of MDR A. baumannii. It seems that in the future, these proteins can be considered as promising components in the development of the A. baumannii vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Soheila Ajdary
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Sepehr
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Bolourchi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Farhad Riazi-Rad
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farzad Badmasti
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kamuyu G, Suen Cheng Y, Willcocks S, Kewcharoenwong C, Kiratisin P, Taylor PW, Wren BW, Lertmemongkolchai G, Stabler RA, Brown J. Sequential Vaccination With Heterologous Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Induces Broadly Reactive Antibody Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705533. [PMID: 34394105 PMCID: PMC8363311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody therapy may be an alternative treatment option for infections caused by the multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii. As A. baumannii has multiple capsular serotypes, a universal antibody therapy would need to target conserved protein antigens rather than the capsular polysaccharides. We have immunized mice with single or multiple A. baumannii strains to induce antibody responses to protein antigens, and then assessed whether these responses provide cross-protection against a collection of genetically diverse clinical A. baumannii isolates. Immunized mice developed antibody responses to multiple protein antigens. Flow cytometry IgG binding assays and immunoblots demonstrated improved recognition of both homologous and heterologous clinical strains in sera from mice immunized with multiple strains compared to a single strain. The capsule partially inhibited bacterial recognition by IgG and the promotion of phagocytosis by human neutrophils. However, after immunization with multiple strains, serum antibodies to protein antigens promoted neutrophil phagocytosis of heterologous A. baumannii strains. In an infection model, mice immunized with multiple strains had lower bacterial counts in the spleen and liver following challenge with a heterologous strain. These data demonstrate that antibodies targeting protein antigens can improve immune recognition and protection against diverse A. baumannii strains, providing support for their use as an antibody therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gathoni Kamuyu
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London (UCL) Respiratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yat Suen Cheng
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London (UCL) Respiratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Willcocks
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Infectious and Tropical Disease, Department of Infection Biology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chidchamai Kewcharoenwong
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pattarachai Kiratisin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-Noi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peter W Taylor
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan W Wren
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Infectious and Tropical Disease, Department of Infection Biology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Richard A Stabler
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Infectious and Tropical Disease, Department of Infection Biology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London (UCL) Respiratory, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma C, McClean S. Mapping Global Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii and Recent Vaccine Development to Tackle It. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060570. [PMID: 34205838 PMCID: PMC8226933 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading cause of nosocomial infections that severely threaten public health. The formidable adaptability and resistance of this opportunistic pathogen have hampered the development of antimicrobial therapies which consequently leads to very limited treatment options. We mapped the global prevalence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii and showed that carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii is widespread throughout Asia and the Americas. Moreover, when antimicrobial resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp. exceed a threshold level, the proportion of A. baumannii isolates from clinical samples surges. Therefore, vaccines represent a realistic alternative strategy to tackle this pathogen. Research into anti-A. baumannii vaccines have enhanced in the past decade and multiple antigens have been investigated preclinically with varying results. This review summarises the current knowledge of virulence factors relating to A. baumannii–host interactions and its implication in vaccine design, with a view to understanding the current state of A. baumannii vaccine development and the direction of future efforts.
Collapse
|
11
|
López-Siles M, Corral-Lugo A, McConnell MJ. Vaccines for multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria: lessons from the past for guiding future success. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuaa054. [PMID: 33289833 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to global public health. Vaccination is an effective approach for preventing bacterial infections, however it has not been successfully applied to infections caused by some of the most problematic multidrug resistant pathogens. In this review, the potential for vaccines to contribute to reducing the burden of disease of infections caused by multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria is presented. Technical, logistical and societal hurdles that have limited successful vaccine development for these infections in the past are identified, and recent advances that can contribute to overcoming these challenges are assessed. A synthesis of vaccine technologies that have been employed in the development of vaccines for key multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria is included, and emerging technologies that may contribute to future successes are discussed. Finally, a comprehensive review of vaccine development efforts over the last 40 years for three of the most worrisome multidrug resistant Gram negative pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is presented, with a focus on recent and ongoing studies. Finally, future directions for the vaccine development field are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia López-Siles
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Corral-Lugo
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael J McConnell
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
An Overview of Nanocarrier-Based Adjuvants for Vaccine Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040455. [PMID: 33801614 PMCID: PMC8066039 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of vaccines is one of the most significant medical accomplishments which has helped to eradicate a large number of diseases. It has undergone an evolutionary process from live attenuated pathogen vaccine to killed whole organisms or inactivated toxins (toxoids), each of them having its own advantages and disadvantages. The crucial parameters in vaccination are the generation of memory response and protection against infection, while an important aspect is the effective delivery of antigen in an intelligent manner to evoke a robust immune response. In this regard, nanotechnology is greatly contributing to developing efficient vaccine adjuvants and delivery systems. These can protect the encapsulated antigen from the host’s in-vivo environment and releasing it in a sustained manner to induce a long-lasting immunostimulatory effect. In view of this, the present review article summarizes nanoscale-based adjuvants and delivery vehicles such as viral vectors, virus-like particles and virosomes; non-viral vectors namely nanoemulsions, lipid nanocarriers, biodegradable and non-degradable nanoparticles, calcium phosphate nanoparticles, colloidally stable nanoparticles, proteosomes; and pattern recognition receptors covering c-type lectin receptors and toll-like receptors.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma C, Chen W. Where are we and how far is there to go in the development of an Acinetobacter vaccine? Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:281-295. [PMID: 33554671 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1887735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthcare-associated infections caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are becoming alarming worldwide. However, the pipeline of new antibiotics is very limited. Vaccination is one of the most cost effective and promising strategies to prevent infections and can play an important role in combat multidrug resistance A. baumannii and prevent the development of new drug resistance. AREA COVERED This review gives an overview of the research and development of A. baumannii vaccines during the past five years (2015-2020), discusses the key progresses and current challenges of the field, and speculates on the future of A. baumannii vaccine development. EXPERT OPINION Moderate progresses have been made in the research and development of A. baumannii vaccine in the last five years, in particular in the areas of identification of new protein targets, development of multicomponent vaccines, and use of vaccines and antibodies as adjuncts for antibiotics therapies. However, substantial scientific and logistic challenges, such as selection of lead vaccine candidates and formulation, vaccine clinical trials and targeted population, and financial incentives, remain. Thus, innovative strategies will be needed before an A. baumannii vaccine candidate can be brought into late stage of preclinical development in next five years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Ma
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center (HHT), National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center (HHT), National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario Canada.,Department of Biology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Recent Advances in the Pursuit of an Effective Acinetobacter baumannii Vaccine. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121066. [PMID: 33352688 PMCID: PMC7766458 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has been a major cause of nosocomial infections for decades. The absence of an available vaccine coupled with emerging multidrug resistance has prevented the medical community from effectively controlling this human pathogen. Furthermore, the ongoing pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has increased the risk of hospitalized patients developing ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by bacterial opportunists including A. baumannii. The shortage of antibiotics in the development pipeline prompted the World Health Organization to designate A. baumannii a top priority for the development of new medical countermeasures, such as a vaccine. There are a number of important considerations associated with the development of an A. baumannii vaccine, including strain characteristics, diverse disease manifestations, and target population. In the past decade, research efforts have revealed a number of promising new immunization strategies that could culminate in a safe and protective vaccine against A. baumannii. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in the development of A. baumannii vaccines, discuss potential challenges, and propose future directions to achieve an effective intervention against this human pathogen.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bekeredjian-Ding I. Challenges for Clinical Development of Vaccines for Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1755. [PMID: 32849627 PMCID: PMC7419648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria causing endogenous infections has entailed a need for innovative approaches to therapy and prophylaxis of these infections and raised a new interest in vaccines for prevention of colonization and infection by typically antibiotic resistant pathogens. Nevertheless, there has been a long history of failures in late stage clinical development of this type of vaccines, which remains not fully understood. This article provides an overview on present and past vaccine developments targeting nosocomial bacterial pathogens; it further highlights the specific challenges associated with demonstrating clinical efficacy of these vaccines and the facts to be considered in future study designs. Notably, these vaccines are mainly applied to subjects with preexistent immunity to the target pathogen, transient or chronic immunosuppression and ill-defined microbiome status. Unpredictable attack rates and changing epidemiology as well as highly variable genetic and immunological strain characteristics complicate the development. In views of the clinical need, re-thinking of the study designs and expectations seems warranted: first of all, vaccine development needs to be footed on a clear rationale for choosing the immunological mechanism of action and the optimal time point for vaccination, e.g., (1) prevention (or reduction) of colonization vs. prevention of infection and (2) boosting of a preexistent immune response vs. altering the quality of the immune response. Furthermore, there are different, probably redundant, immunological and microbiological defense mechanisms that provide protection from infection. Their interplay is not well-understood but as a consequence their effect might superimpose vaccine-mediated resolution of infection and lead to failure to demonstrate efficacy. This implies that improved characterization of patient subpopulations within the trial population should be obtained by pro- and retrospective analyses of trial data on subject level. Statistical and systems biology approaches could help to define immune and microbiological biomarkers that discern populations that benefit from vaccination from those where vaccines might not be effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding
- Division of Microbiology, Langen, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|