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Tsapanou A, Gacheru M, Lee S, Mourtzi N, Gazes Y, Habeck C, Belsky DW, Stern Y. Association of Cognitive Polygenic Index and Cognitive Performance with Age in Cognitively Healthy Adults. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1814. [PMID: 37761954 PMCID: PMC10531331 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have discovered common genetic variants associated with cognitive performance. Polygenic scores that summarize these discoveries explain up to 10% of the variance in cognitive test performance in samples of adults. However, the role these genetics play in cognitive aging is not well understood. We analyzed data from 168 cognitively healthy participants aged 23-77 years old, with data on genetics, neuropsychological assessment, and brain-imaging measurements from two large ongoing studies, the Reference Abilities Neural Networks, and the Cognitive Reserve study. We tested whether a polygenic index previously related to cognition (Cog PGI) would moderate the relationship between age and measurements of the cognitive domains extracted from a neuropsychological evaluation: fluid reasoning, memory, vocabulary, and speed of processing. We further explored the relationship of Cog PGI and age on cognition using Johnson-Neyman intervals for two-way interactions. Sex, education, and brain measures of cortical thickness, total gray matter volume, and white matter hyperintensity were considered covariates. The analysis controlled for population structure-ancestry. There was a significant interaction effect of Cog PGI on the association between age and the domains of memory (Standardized coefficient = -0.158, p-value = 0.022), fluid reasoning (Standardized coefficient = -0.146, p-value = 0.020), and vocabulary (Standardized coefficient = -0.191, p-value = 0.001). Higher PGI strengthened the negative relationship between age and the domains of memory and fluid reasoning while PGI weakened the positive relationship between age and vocabulary. Based on the Johnson-Neyman intervals, Cog PGI was significantly associated with domains of memory, reasoning, and vocabulary for younger adults. There is a significant moderation effect of genetic predisposition for cognition for the association between age and cognitive performance. Genetics discovered in genome-wide association studies of cognitive performance show a stronger association in young and midlife older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Tsapanou
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Margaret Gacheru
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Niki Mourtzi
- Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Yunglin Gazes
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Christian Habeck
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Daniel W. Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology and Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.T.); (C.H.)
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Bottini CLJ, MacDougall-Shackleton SA. Methylmercury effects on avian brains. Neurotoxicology 2023; 96:140-153. [PMID: 37059311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a concerning contaminant due to its ubiquity and harmful effects on organisms. Although birds are important models in the neurobiology of vocal learning and adult neuroplasticity, the neurotoxic effects of MeHg are less understood in birds than mammals. We surveyed the literature on MeHg effects on biochemical changes in the avian brain. Publication rates of papers related to neurology and/or birds and/or MeHg increased with time and can be linked with historical events, regulations, and increased understanding of MeHg cycling in the environment. However, publications on MeHg effects on the avian brain remain relatively low across time. The neural effects measured to evaluate MeHg neurotoxicity in birds changed with time and researcher interest. The measures most consistently affected by MeHg exposure in birds were markers of oxidative stress. NMDA, acetylcholinesterase, and Purkinje cells also seem sensitive to some extent. MeHg exposure has the potential to affect most neurotransmitter systems but more studies are needed for validation in birds. We also review the main mechanisms of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in mammals and compare it to what is known in birds. The literature on MeHg effects on the avian brain is limited, preventing full construction of an adverse outcome pathway. We identify research gaps for taxonomic groups such as songbirds, and age- and life-stage groups such as immature fledgling stage and adult non-reproductive life stage. In addition, results are often inconsistent between experimental and field studies. We conclude that future neurotoxicological studies of MeHg impacts on birds need to better connect the numerous aspects of exposure from molecular physiological effects to behavioural outcomes that would be ecologically or biologically relevant for birds, especially under challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L J Bottini
- University of Western Ontario, Department of Biology, 1151 Richmond St., London Ontario, N6A 5B7; Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Scott A MacDougall-Shackleton
- Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; University of Western Ontario, Department of Psychology, 1151 Richmond St., London Ontario, N6A 5C2
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3
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Zainal NH, Newman MG. Elevated Anxious and Depressed Mood Relates to Future Executive Dysfunction in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Network Analysis of Psychopathology and Cognitive Functioning. Clin Psychol Sci 2022; 11:218-238. [PMID: 36993876 PMCID: PMC10046395 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221114076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vulnerability models posit that executive-functioning (EF) problems centrally affect future common (vs. rare) psychopathology symptoms. Conversely, scar theory postulates that depression/anxiety (vs. other psychopathology) symptoms centrally influence reduced EF. However, most studies so far have been cross-sectional. We used cross-lagged panel network analysis to determine temporal and component-to-component relations on this topic. Community older adults participated across four time points. Cognitive tests and the caregiver-rated Neuropsychiatric Inventory assessed nine psychopathology and eight cognitive-functioning nodes. Nodes with the highest bridge expected influence cross-sectionally were agitation and episodic memory. Episodic memory had the strongest inverse relation with age. Agitation had the strongest negative association with global cognition. EF nodes tended to be centrally affected by prior depressed and anxious moods rather than influential on any future nodes. Heightened anxious and depressed mood (vs. other nodes) centrally predicted future decreased EF-related (vs. non-EF-related) nodes in older adults, supporting scar (vs. vulnerability) theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hani Zainal
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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Chen R, Cai G, Xu S, Sun Q, Luo J, Wang Y, Li M, Lin H, Liu J. Body mass index related to executive function and hippocampal subregion volume in subjective cognitive decline. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:905035. [PMID: 36062154 PMCID: PMC9428252 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.905035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to explore whether body mass index (BMI) level affects the executive function and hippocampal subregion volume of subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Materials and methods A total of 111 participants were included in the analysis, including SCD (38 of normal BMI, 27 of overweight and obesity) and normal cognitive control (NC) (29 of normal BMI, 17 of overweight and obesity). All subjects underwent the Chinese version of the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) to measure the executive function and a high-resolution 3D T1 structural image acquisition. Two-way ANOVA was used to examine the differences in executive function and gray matter volume in hippocampal subregions under different BMI levels between the SCD and NC. Result The subdimensions of executive function in which different BMI levels interact with SCD and NC include inhibition control function [SCWT C-B reaction time(s): F (1,104) = 5.732, p = 0.018], and the hippocampal subregion volume of CA1 [F (1,99) = 8.607, p = 0.004], hippocampal tail [F (1,99) = 4.077, p = 0.046], and molecular layer [F (1,99) = 6.309, p = 0.014]. After correction by Bonferroni method, the population × BMI interaction only had a significant effect on the CA1 (p = 0.004). Further analysis found that the SCWT C-B reaction time of SCD was significantly longer than NC no matter whether it is at the normal BMI level [F (1,104) = 4.325, p = 0.040] or the high BMI level [F (1,104) = 21.530, p < 0.001], and the inhibitory control function of SCD was worse than that of NC. In the normal BMI group, gray matter volume in the hippocampal subregion (CA1) of SCD was significantly smaller than that of NC [F (1,99) = 4.938, p = 0.029]. For patients with SCD, the high BMI group had worse inhibitory control function [F (1,104) = 13.499, p < 0.001] and greater CA1 volume compared with the normal BMI group [F (1,99) = 7.619, p = 0.007]. Conclusion The BMI level is related to the inhibition control function and the gray matter volume of CA1 subregion in SCD. Overweight seems to increase the gray matter volume of CA1 in the elderly with SCD, but it is not enough to compensate for the damage to executive function caused by the disease. These data provide new insights into the relationship between BMI level and executive function of SCD from the perspective of imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guiyan Cai
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shurui Xu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia Luo
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Physical Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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5
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Mofrad SA, Lundervold A, Lundervold AS. A predictive framework based on brain volume trajectories enabling early detection of Alzheimer's disease. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2021; 90:101910. [PMID: 33862355 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2021.101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a framework for constructing predictive models of cognitive decline from longitudinal MRI examinations, based on mixed effects models and machine learning. We apply the framework to detect conversion from cognitively normal (CN) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and from MCI to Alzheimer's disease (AD), using a large collection of subjects sourced from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Aging (AIBL). We extract subcortical segmentation and cortical parcellation from corresponding T1-weighted images using FreeSurfer v.6.0, select bilateral 3D regions of interest relevant to neurodegeneration/dementia, and fit their longitudinal volume trajectories using linear mixed effects models. Features describing these model-based trajectories are then used to train an ensemble of machine learning classifiers to distinguish stable CN from converters to MCI, and stable MCI from converters to AD. On separate test sets the models achieved an average of accuracy/precision/recall score of 69/73/60% for converted to MCI and 75/74/77% for converted to AD, illustrating the framework's ability to extract predictive imaging-based biomarkers from routine T1-weighted MRI acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Abolpour Mofrad
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Postbox 7030, 5020 Bergen, Norway; The Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV), Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Arvid Lundervold
- The Neural Networks and Microcircuits Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; The Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV), Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander Selvikvåg Lundervold
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Postbox 7030, 5020 Bergen, Norway; The Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV), Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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- Data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni.loni.usc.edu). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of ADNI investigators can be found at: http://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Acknowledgement_List.pdf
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- Data used in the preparation of this article was obtained from the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL) funded by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) which was made available at the ADNI database. The AIBL researchers contributed data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. AIBL researchers are listed at www.aibl.csiro.au
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6
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Mofrad SA, Lundervold AJ, Vik A, Lundervold AS. Cognitive and MRI trajectories for prediction of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2122. [PMID: 33483535 PMCID: PMC7822915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is used to describe the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and identification and treatment before further decline is an important clinical task. We selected longitudinal data from the ADNI database to investigate how well normal function (HC, n= 134) vs. conversion to MCI (cMCI, n= 134) and stable MCI (sMCI, n=333) vs. conversion to AD (cAD, n= 333) could be predicted from cognitive tests, and whether the predictions improve by adding information from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. Features representing trajectories of change in the selected cognitive and MRI measures were derived from mixed effects models and used to train ensemble machine learning models to classify the pairs of subgroups based on a subset of the data set. Evaluation in an independent test set showed that the predictions for HC vs. cMCI improved substantially when MRI features were added, with an increase in [Formula: see text]-score from 60 to 77%. The [Formula: see text]-scores for sMCI vs. cAD were 77% without and 78% with inclusion of MRI features. The results are in-line with findings showing that cognitive changes tend to manifest themselves several years after the Alzheimer's disease is well-established in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh A Mofrad
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Pb. 7030, Bergen, 5020, Norway.
- MMIV, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexandra Vik
- MMIV, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander S Lundervold
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Pb. 7030, Bergen, 5020, Norway
- MMIV, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Delli Pizzi S, Granzotto A, Bomba M, Frazzini V, Onofrj M, Sensi SL. Acting Before; A Combined Strategy to Counteract the Onset and Progression of Dementia. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:790-804. [PMID: 33272186 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666201203085524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging and aging-related neurodegenerative disorders are posing a significant challenge for health systems worldwide. To date, most of the therapeutic efforts aimed at counteracting dementiarelated behavioral and cognitive impairment have been focused on addressing putative determinants of the disease, such as β-amyloid or tau. In contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to pharmacological interventions aimed at restoring or promoting the synaptic plasticity of the aging brain. The review will explore and discuss the most recent molecular, structural/functional, and behavioral evidence that supports the use of non-pharmacological approaches as well as cognitive-enhancing drugs to counteract brain aging and early-stage dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Delli Pizzi
- Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Alberto Granzotto
- Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Manuela Bomba
- Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Valerio Frazzini
- AP-HP, Epilepsy Unit, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital and Brain and Spine Institute (INSERM UMRS1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universite), Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Behavioral Neurology and Molecular Neurology Units, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
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8
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Zhang J, Wang A, Zhang X, Chen S, Wu S, Zhao X, Zhang Q. Association between tea consumption and cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:447. [PMID: 33148194 PMCID: PMC7640442 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biologic studies have suggested that tea may have neuroprotective activity. However, tea’s protective effect on cognitive function is controversial in human epidemiological studies, and no data, including the middle-aged, are available. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of habit, frequency, and types of tea consumption with incident cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults. Methods Data from the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities in Community study were used (aged over 40y). We gathered information on tea consumption, including habit, frequency, and types, via a standardized questionnaire and assessed cognitive function by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and/or Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Three thousand eight hundred sixty-eight and 806 participants were selected in MMSE and MoCA subgroups. Multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to examine associations between tea consumption and cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older participants. Results In MMSE analyses, after adjustment for potential confounding factors, habitual (odds ratio (OR) 0.47, [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33–0.68], p < 0.001) and high frequency (p trend < 0.001) of tea intake were associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment. The risk of cognitive impairment was lower in green tea consumption (OR 0.36, [95% CI 0.22–0.61], p < 0.001) than other types (OR 0.59, [95% CI 0.38–0.91], p = 0.017). In MoCA analyses, we got similar results. Conclusions Habitual tea consumption, especially high-frequency and green tea consumption, was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older individuals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-020-01848-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Zarnani K, Nichols TE, Alfaro-Almagro F, Fagerlund B, Lauritzen M, Rostrup E, Smith SM. Discovering markers of healthy aging: a prospective study in a Danish male birth cohort. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5943-5974. [PMID: 31480020 PMCID: PMC6738442 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need to identify markers of cognitive and neural decline in healthy late-midlife participants. We explored the relationship between cross-sectional structural brain-imaging derived phenotypes (IDPs) and cognitive ability, demographic, health and lifestyle factors (non-IDPs). Participants were recruited from the 1953 Danish Male Birth Cohort (N=193). Applying an extreme group design, members were selected in 2 groups based on cognitive change between IQ at age ~20y (IQ-20) and age ~57y (IQ-57). Subjects showing the highest (n=95) and lowest (n=98) change were selected (at age ~57) for assessments on multiple IDPs and non-IDPs. We investigated the relationship between 453 IDPs and 70 non-IDPs through pairwise correlation and multivariate canonical correlation analysis (CCA) models. Significant pairwise associations included positive associations between IQ-20 and gray-matter volume of the temporal pole. CCA identified a richer pattern - a single "positive-negative" mode of population co-variation coupling individual cross-subject variations in IDPs to an extensive range of non-IDP measures (r = 0.75, Pcorrected < 0.01). Specifically, this mode linked higher cognitive performance, positive early-life social factors, and mental health to a larger brain volume of several brain structures, overall volume, and microstructural properties of some white matter tracts. Interestingly, both statistical models identified IQ-20 and gray-matter volume of the temporal pole as important contributors to the inter-individual variation observed. The converging patterns provide novel insight into the importance of early adulthood intelligence as a significant marker of late-midlife neural decline and motivates additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyana Zarnani
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing, Centre For Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Fidel Alfaro-Almagro
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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10
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Lundervold AJ, Vik A, Lundervold A. Lateral ventricle volume trajectories predict response inhibition in older age-A longitudinal brain imaging and machine learning approach. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0207967. [PMID: 30939173 PMCID: PMC6445521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In a three-wave 6 yrs longitudinal study we investigated if the expansion of lateral ventricle (LV) volumes (regarded as a proxy for brain tissue loss) predicts third wave performance on a test of response inhibition (RI). Participants and methods Trajectories of left and right lateral ventricle volumes across the three waves were quantified using the longitudinal stream in Freesurfer. All participants (N = 74;48 females;mean age 66.0 yrs at the third wave) performed the Color-Word Interference Test (CWIT). Response time on the third condition of CWIT, divided into fast, medium and slow, was used as outcome measure in a machine learning framework. Initially, we performed a linear mixed-effect (LME) analysis to describe subject-specific trajectories of the left and right LV volumes (LVV). These features were input to a multinomial logistic regression classification procedure, predicting individual belongings to one of the three RI classes. To obtain results that might generalize, we evaluated the significance of a k-fold cross-validated f1-score with a permutation test, providing a p-value that approximates the probability that the score would be obtained by chance. We also calculated a corresponding confusion matrix. Results The LME-model showed an annual ∼ 3.0% LVV increase. Evaluation of a cross-validated score using 500 permutations gave an f1-score of 0.462 that was above chance level (p = 0.014). 56% of the fast performers were successfully classified. All these were females, and typically older than 65 yrs at inclusion. For the true slow performers, those being correctly classified had higher LVVs than those being misclassified, and their ages at inclusion were also higher. Conclusion Major contributions were: (i) a longitudinal design, (ii) advanced brain imaging and segmentation procedures with longitudinal data analysis, and (iii) a data driven machine learning approach including cross-validation and permutation testing to predict behaviour, solely from the individual’s brain “signatures” (LVV trajectories).
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Affiliation(s)
- Astri J. Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexandra Vik
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Arvid Lundervold
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
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11
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Izquierdo V, Palomera-Ávalos V, López-Ruiz S, Canudas AM, Pallàs M, Griñán-Ferré C. Maternal Resveratrol Supplementation Prevents Cognitive Decline in Senescent Mice Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051134. [PMID: 30845644 PMCID: PMC6429303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of environmental factors contribute significantly to age-related cognitive decline and memory impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Nutrition can alter epigenetics, improving health outcomes, which can be transmitted across generations; this process is called epigenetic inheritance. We investigate the beneficial effects of maternal resveratrol supplementation in the direct exposed F1 generation and the transgenerational F2 generation. The offspring was generated from females Senescence Accelerated Mouse-Prone (SAMP8) fed a resveratrol-enriched diet for two months prior to mating. Object novel recognition and Morris Water Maze (MWM) demonstrated improvements in cognition in the 6-month-old F1 and F2 generations from resveratrol fed mothers. A significant increase in global DNA methylation with a decrease in hydroxymethylation in F1 and F2 were found. Accordingly, Dnmt3a/b and Tet2 gene expression changed. Methylation levels of Nrf2 and NF-kβ genes promoters raised in offspring, inducing changes in target genes expression, as well as hydrogen peroxide levels. Offspring that resulted from a resveratrol fed mother showed increase AMPKα activation, mTOR inhibition, and an increase in Pgc-1α gene expression and Beclin-1 protein levels. Endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors were found changed both in F1 and F2 generations. Overall, our results demonstrated that maternal resveratrol supplementation could prevent cognitive impairment in the SAMP8 mice offspring through epigenetic changes and cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Izquierdo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry. Institut de Neurociències-University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, 27. 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Verónica Palomera-Ávalos
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry. Institut de Neurociències-University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, 27. 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University Center of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, University of Guadalajara, km 15.5 Guadalajara-Nogales highway, C.P. 45110 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Sergio López-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry. Institut de Neurociències-University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, 27. 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna-Maria Canudas
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry. Institut de Neurociències-University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, 27. 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry. Institut de Neurociències-University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, 27. 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry. Institut de Neurociències-University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, 27. 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Machado A, Barroso J, Molina Y, Nieto A, Díaz-Flores L, Westman E, Ferreira D. Proposal for a hierarchical, multidimensional, and multivariate approach to investigate cognitive aging. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 71:179-188. [PMID: 30149289 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive aging is highly complex. We applied a data-driven statistical method to investigate aging from a hierarchical, multidimensional, and multivariate approach. Orthogonal partial least squares to latent structures and hierarchical models were applied for the first time in a study of cognitive aging. The association between age and a total of 316 demographic, clinical, cognitive, and neuroimaging measures was simultaneously analyzed in 460 cognitively normal individuals (35-85 years). Age showed a strong association with brain structure, especially with cortical thickness in frontal and parietal association regions. Age also showed a fairly strong association with cognition. Although a strong association of age with executive functions and processing speed was captured as expected, the association of age with visual memory was stronger. Clinical measures were less strongly associated with age. Hierarchical and correlation analyses further showed these associations in a neuroimaging-cognitive-clinical order of importance. We conclude that orthogonal partial least square and hierarchical models are a promising approach to better understand the complexity in cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Machado
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José Barroso
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Yaiza Molina
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Antonieta Nieto
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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13
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Yeboah F, Guo H, Bill A. A High-throughput Calcium-flux Assay to Study NMDA-receptors with Sensitivity to Glycine/D-serine and Glutamate. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30059041 DOI: 10.3791/58160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDAR) are classified as ionotropic glutamate receptors and have critical roles in learning and memory. NMDAR malfunction, expressed as either over- or under-activity caused by mutations, altered expression, trafficking, or localization, can contribute to numerous diseases, especially in the central nervous system. Therefore, understanding the receptor's biology as well as facilitating the discovery of compounds and small molecules is crucial in ongoing efforts to combat neurological diseases. Current approaches to studying the receptor have limitations including low throughput, high cost, and the inability to study its functional abilities due to the necessary presence of channel blockers to prevent NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity. Additionally, the existing assay systems are sensitive to stimulation by glutamate only and lack sensitivity to stimulation by glycine, the other co-ligand of the NMDAR. Here, we present the first plate-based assay with high-throughput power to study an NMDA receptor with sensitivity to both co-ligands, glutamate and D-serine/glycine. This approach allows the study of different NMDAR subunit compositions and allows functional studies of the receptor in glycine- and/or glutamate-sensitive modes. Additionally, the method does not require the presence of inhibitors during measurements. The effects of positive and negative allosteric modulators can be detected with this assay and the known pharmacology of NMDAR has been replicated in our system. This technique overcomes the limitations of existing methods and is cost-effective. We believe that this novel technique will accelerate the discovery of therapies for NMDAR-mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Yeboah
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
| | - Hongqiu Guo
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
| | - Anke Bill
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research;
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14
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Rast P, Kennedy KM, Rodrigue KM, Robinson PRAW, Gross AL, McLaren DG, Grabowski T, Schaie KW, Willis SL. APOEε4 Genotype and Hypertension Modify 8-year Cortical Thinning: Five Occasion Evidence from the Seattle Longitudinal Study. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:1934-1945. [PMID: 28444388 PMCID: PMC6019039 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated individual differences in longitudinal trajectories of brain aging in cognitively normal healthy adults from the Seattle Longitudinal Study covering 8 years of longitudinal change (across 5 occasions) in cortical thickness in 249 midlife and older adults (52-95 years old). We aimed to understand true brain change; examine the influence of salient risk factors that modify an individual's rate of cortical thinning; and compare cross-sectional age-related differences in cortical thickness to longitudinal within-person cortical thinning. We used Multivariate Multilevel Modeling to simultaneously model dependencies among 5 lobar composites (Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, and Cingulate [CING]) and account for the longitudinal nature of the data. Results indicate (1) all 5 lobar composites significantly atrophied across 8 years, showing nonlinear longitudinal rate of cortical thinning decelerated over time, (2) longitudinal thinning was significantly altered by hypertension and Apolipoprotein-E ε4 (APOEε4), varying by location: Frontal and CING thinned more rapidly in APOEε4 carriers. Notably, thinning of parietal and occipital cortex showed synergistic effect of combined risk factors, where individuals who were both APOEε4 carriers and hypertensive had significantly greater 8-year thinning than those with either risk factor alone or neither risk factor, (3) longitudinal thinning was 3 times greater than cross-sectional estimates of age-related differences in thickness in parietal and occipital cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Rast
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kristen M Kennedy
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Vital Longevity, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Drive, Suite 800, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Karen M Rodrigue
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Vital Longevity, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Drive, Suite 800, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Paul R A W Robinson
- Department of Radiology, Integrated Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alden L Gross
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Tom Grabowski
- Department of Radiology, Integrated Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - K Warner Schaie
- Department of Radiology, Integrated Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Seattle Longitudinal Study, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 2500 Sixth Ave N., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sherry L Willis
- Department of Radiology, Integrated Brain Imaging Center (IBIC), University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Seattle Longitudinal Study, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 2500 Sixth Ave N., Seattle, WA, USA
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15
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Nemeth VL, Must A, Horvath S, Király A, Kincses ZT, Vécsei L. Gender-Specific Degeneration of Dementia-Related Subcortical Structures Throughout the Lifespan. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:865-880. [PMID: 27792015 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes in brain structure are a question of interest to a broad field of research. Structural decline has been consistently, but not unambiguously, linked to functional consequences, including cognitive impairment and dementia. One of the areas considered of crucial importance throughout this process is the medial temporal lobe, and primarily the hippocampal region. Gender also has a considerable effect on volume deterioration of subcortical grey matter (GM) structures, such as the hippocampus. The influence of age×gender interaction on disproportionate GM volume changes might be mediated by hormonal effects on the brain. Hippocampal volume loss appears to become accelerated in the postmenopausal period. This decline might have significant influences on neuroplasticity in the CA1 region of the hippocampus highly vulnerable to pathological influences. Additionally, menopause has been associated with critical pathobiochemical changes involved in neurodegeneration. The micro- and macrostructural alterations and consequent functional deterioration of critical hippocampal regions might result in clinical cognitive impairment-especially if there already is a decline in the cognitive reserve capacity. Several lines of potential vulnerability factors appear to interact in the menopausal period eventually leading to cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or Alzheimer's disease. This focused review aims to delineate the influence of unmodifiable risk factors of neurodegenerative processes, i.e., age and gender, on critical subcortical GM structures in the light of brain derived estrogen effects. The menopausal period appears to be of key importance for the risk of cognitive decline representing a time of special vulnerability for molecular, structural, and functional influences and offering only a narrow window for potential protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Luca Nemeth
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anita Must
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szatmar Horvath
- Department of Psychiatry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andras Király
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsigmond Tamas Kincses
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
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16
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Bajaj S, Alkozei A, Dailey NS, Killgore WDS. Brain Aging: Uncovering Cortical Characteristics of Healthy Aging in Young Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:412. [PMID: 29321739 PMCID: PMC5732192 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research in the field of aging neuroscience, it still remains unclear whether age related cortical changes can be detected in different functional networks of younger adults and whether these networks respond identically to healthy aging. We collected high-resolution brain anatomical data from 56 young healthy adults (mean age = 30.8 ± 8.1 years, 29 males). We performed whole brain parcellation into seven functional networks, including visual, somatomotor, dorsal attention, ventral attention, limbic, frontoparietal and default mode networks. We estimated intracranial volume (ICV) and averaged cortical thickness (CT), cortical surface area (CSA) and cortical volume (CV) over each hemisphere as well as for each network. Averaged cortical measures over each hemisphere, especially CT and CV, were significantly lower in older individuals compared to younger ones (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). There were negative correlations between age and averaged CT and CV over each hemisphere (p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons) as well as between age and ICV (p = 0.05). Network level analysis showed that age was negatively correlated with CT for all functional networks (p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons), apart from the limbic network. While age was unrelated to CSA, it was negatively correlated with CV across several functional networks (p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). We also showed positive associations between CV and CT and between CV and CSA for all networks (p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). We interpret the lack of association between age and CT of the limbic network as evidence that the limbic system may be particularly resistant to age-related declines during this period of life, whereas the significant age-related declines in averaged CT over each hemisphere as well as in all other six networks suggests that CT may serve as a reliable biomarker to capture the effect of normal aging. Due to the simultaneous dependence of CV on CT and CSA, CV was unable to identify such effects of normal aging consistently for the other six networks, but there were negative associations observed between age and averaged CV over each hemisphere as well as between age and ICV. Our findings suggest that the identification of early cortical changes within various functional networks during normal aging might be useful for predicting the effect of aging on the efficiency of functional performance even during early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Bajaj
- Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Anna Alkozei
- Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Natalie S Dailey
- Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - William D S Killgore
- Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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17
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Manenti R, Brambilla M, Cotelli M. Age-related changes in implicit emotion processing. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2017; 26:86-104. [DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2017.1408769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Manenti
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Brambilla
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Cotelli
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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18
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Distinct resting-state functional connections associated with episodic and visuospatial memory in older adults. Neuroimage 2017; 159:122-130. [PMID: 28756237 PMCID: PMC5678287 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic and spatial memory are commonly impaired in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Volumetric and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies suggest a preferential involvement of the medial temporal lobe (MTL), particularly the hippocampus, in episodic and spatial memory processing. The present study examined how these two memory types were related in terms of their associated resting-state functional architecture. 3T multiband resting state fMRI scans from 497 participants (60–82 years old) of the cross-sectional Whitehall II Imaging sub-study were analysed using an unbiased, data-driven network-modelling technique (FSLNets). Factor analysis was performed on the cognitive battery; the Hopkins Verbal Learning test and Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure test factors were used to assess verbal and visuospatial memory respectively. We present a map of the macroscopic functional connectome for the Whitehall II Imaging sub-study, comprising 58 functionally distinct nodes clustered into five major resting-state networks. Within this map we identified distinct functional connections associated with verbal and visuospatial memory. Functional anticorrelation between the hippocampal formation and the frontal pole was significantly associated with better verbal memory in an age-dependent manner. In contrast, hippocampus–motor and parietal–motor functional connections were associated with visuospatial memory independently of age. These relationships were not driven by grey matter volume and were unique to the respective memory domain. Our findings provide new insights into current models of brain-behaviour interactions, and suggest that while both episodic and visuospatial memory engage MTL nodes of the default mode network, the two memory domains differ in terms of the associated functional connections between the MTL and other resting-state brain networks. Episodic and visuospatial memory engaged a common medial temporal lobe substrate at rest. However, the resting-state functional connections of the MTL differed based on the memory demand. Visuospatial memory was associated with hippocampal-parietal and motorparietal interaction. Verbal memory was associated with hippocampus-frontal pole anticorrelation. Findings provide novel insights into resting-state brain-behaviour interactions in older adults.
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19
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Ferreira D, Machado A, Molina Y, Nieto A, Correia R, Westman E, Barroso J. Cognitive Variability during Middle-Age: Possible Association with Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Reserve. Front Aging Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28649200 PMCID: PMC5465264 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Increased variability in cognition with age has been argued as an indication of pathological processes. Focusing on early detection of neurodegenerative disorders, we investigated variability in cognition in healthy middle-aged adults. In order to understand possible determinants of this variability, we also investigated associations with cognitive reserve, neuroimaging markers, subjective memory complaints, depressive symptomatology, and gender. Method: Thirty-one 50 ± 2 years old individuals were investigated as target group and deviation was studied in comparison to a reference younger group of 30 individuals 40 ± 2 years old. Comprehensive neuropsychological and structural imaging protocols were collected. Brain regional volumes and cortical thickness were calculated with FreeSurfer, white matter hyperintensities with CASCADE, and mean diffusivity with FSL. Results: Across-individuals variability showed greater dispersion in lexical access, processing speed, executive functions, and memory. Variability in global cognition correlated with, reduced cortical thickness in the right parietal-temporal-occipital association cortex, and increased mean diffusivity in the cingulum bundle and right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. A trend was also observed for the correlation between global cognition and hippocampal volume and female gender. All these associations were influenced by cognitive reserve. No correlations were found with subjective memory complaints, white matter hyperintensities and depressive symptomatology. Across-domains and across-tasks variability was greater in several executive components and cognitive processing speed. Conclusion: Variability in cognition during middle-age is associated with neurodegeneration in the parietal–temporal–occipital association cortex and white matter tracts connecting this to the prefrontal dorsolateral cortex and the hippocampus. Moreover, this effect is influenced by cognitive reserve. Studying variability offers valuable information showing that differences do not occur in the same magnitude and direction across individuals, cognitive domains and tasks. These findings may have important implications for early detection of subtle cognitive impairment and clinical interpretation of deviation from normality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics-Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Psychology, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain
| | - Alejandra Machado
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics-Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Psychology, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain
| | - Yaiza Molina
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa CanariasLas Palmas, Spain
| | - Antonieta Nieto
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain
| | - Rut Correia
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain.,Facultad de Educación, Universidad Diego PortalesSantiago, Chile
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics-Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
| | - José Barroso
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain
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20
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Ferreira D, Hansson O, Barroso J, Molina Y, Machado A, Hernández-Cabrera JA, Muehlboeck JS, Stomrud E, Nägga K, Lindberg O, Ames D, Kalpouzos G, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L, Graff C, Mecocci P, Vellas B, Tsolaki M, Kłoszewska I, Soininen H, Lovestone S, Ahlström H, Lind L, Larsson EM, Wahlund LO, Simmons A, Westman E. The interactive effect of demographic and clinical factors on hippocampal volume: A multicohort study on 1958 cognitively normal individuals. Hippocampus 2017; 27:653-667. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics; Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm 14157 Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University; Malmö 20502 Sweden
| | - José Barroso
- Department of Clinical Psychology; Psychobiology and Methodology, University of La Laguna; La Laguna 38071 Spain
| | - Yaiza Molina
- Department of Clinical Psychology; Psychobiology and Methodology, University of La Laguna; La Laguna 38071 Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences; University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Spain
| | - Alejandra Machado
- Department of Clinical Psychology; Psychobiology and Methodology, University of La Laguna; La Laguna 38071 Spain
| | | | - J-Sebastian Muehlboeck
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics; Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm 14157 Sweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University; Malmö 20502 Sweden
| | - Katarina Nägga
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University; Malmö 20502 Sweden
| | - Olof Lindberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics; Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm 14157 Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University; Malmö 20502 Sweden
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute; Parkville; Victoria 3050 Australia
- University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age; St George's Hospital, Kew; Victoria 3101 Australia
| | - Grégoria Kalpouzos
- Aging Research Center (ARC); Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University; 113 30 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center (ARC); Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University; 113 30 Stockholm Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Centre; Stockholm 11330 Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center (ARC); Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University; 113 30 Stockholm Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Centre; Stockholm 11330 Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Division of Neurogeriatrics; Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm 14157 Sweden
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge; Stockholm 14186 Sweden
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics; University of Perugia; Perugia 06100 Italy
| | - Bruno Vellas
- INSERM U 558; University of Toulouse; Toulouse 31024 France
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Department of Neurology; Aristoteleion Panepistimeion Thessalonikis; Thessaloniki 54124 Greece
| | | | - Hilkka Soininen
- University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio 70211 Finland
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry; Warneford Hospital University of Oxford; Oxford OX37JX United Kingdom
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences; Radiology, Uppsala University; Uppsala 75185 Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala 75185 Sweden
| | - Elna-Marie Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences; Radiology, Uppsala University; Uppsala 75185 Sweden
| | - Lars-Olof Wahlund
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics; Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm 14157 Sweden
| | - Andrew Simmons
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics; Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm 14157 Sweden
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health; London SE58AF United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia; London SE58AF United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychiatry; King's College London; London SE58AF United Kingdom
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics; Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm 14157 Sweden
- Institute of Psychiatry; King's College London; London SE58AF United Kingdom
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A Review of Neurobehavioral Challenges in Children Exposed Prenatally to Intrauterine Opioid. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jpr.9234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is an established risk factor for dementia, yet this genetic variant is associated with a mixed cognitive profile across the lifespan. This study undertakes both a systematic and meta-analytic review of research investigating APOE-related differences in cognition in mid-adulthood, when detrimental effects of the allele may first be detectable. METHODS Thirty-six papers investigating the behavioral effects of APOE ε4 in mid-adulthood (defined as a mean sample age between 35 and 60 years) were reviewed. In addition, the effect of carrying an ε4 allele on individual cognitive domains was assessed in separate meta-analyses. RESULTS The average effect size of APOE ε4 status was non-significant across cognitive domains. Further consideration of genotype effects indicates preclinical effects of APOE ε4 may be observable in memory and executive functioning. CONCLUSIONS The cognitive profile of APOE ε4 carriers at mid-age remains elusive. Although there is support for comparable performance by ε4 and non-e4 carriers in the 5th decade, studies administering sensitive cognitive paradigms indicate a more nuanced profile of cognitive differences. Methodological issues in this field preclude strong conclusions, which future research must address, as well as considering the influence of further vulnerability factors on genotype effects. (JINS, 2016, 23, 239-253).
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Rana M, Varan AQ, Davoudi A, Cohen RA, Sitaram R, Ebner NC. Real-Time fMRI in Neuroscience Research and Its Use in Studying the Aging Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:239. [PMID: 27803662 PMCID: PMC5067937 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a major concern in the aging population. It is normative to experience some deterioration in cognitive abilities with advanced age such as related to memory performance, attention distraction to interference, task switching, and processing speed. However, intact cognitive functioning in old age is important for leading an independent day-to-day life. Thus, studying ways to counteract or delay the onset of cognitive decline in aging is crucial. The literature offers various explanations for the decline in cognitive performance in aging; among those are age-related gray and white matter atrophy, synaptic degeneration, blood flow reduction, neurochemical alterations, and change in connectivity patterns with advanced age. An emerging literature on neurofeedback and Brain Computer Interface (BCI) reports exciting results supporting the benefits of volitional modulation of brain activity on cognition and behavior. Neurofeedback studies based on real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) have shown behavioral changes in schizophrenia and behavioral benefits in nicotine addiction. This article integrates research on cognitive and brain aging with evidence of brain and behavioral modification due to rtfMRI neurofeedback. We offer a state-of-the-art description of the rtfMRI technique with an eye towards its application in aging. We present preliminary results of a feasibility study exploring the possibility of using rtfMRI to train older adults to volitionally control brain activity. Based on these first findings, we discuss possible implementations of rtfMRI neurofeedback as a novel technique to study and alleviate cognitive decline in healthy and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Rana
- Department of Psychiatry and Division of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile; Laboratory for Brain-Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Andrew Q Varan
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anis Davoudi
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ronald A Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Institute on Aging, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA; Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ranganatha Sitaram
- Department of Psychiatry and Division of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile; Laboratory for Brain-Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile; Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Biology and Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Natalie C Ebner
- Department of Psychology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA; Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Institute on Aging, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA; Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
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Qiu Y, Liu S, Hilal S, Loke YM, Ikram MK, Xu X, Yeow Tan B, Venketasubramanian N, Chen CLH, Zhou J. Inter-hemispheric functional dysconnectivity mediates the association of corpus callosum degeneration with memory impairment in AD and amnestic MCI. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32573. [PMID: 27581062 PMCID: PMC5007647 DOI: 10.1038/srep32573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidences suggested that both corpus callosum (CC) degeneration and alternations of homotopic inter-hemispheric functional connectivity (FC) are present in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the associations between region-specific CC degeneration and homotopic inter-hemispheric FC and their relationships with memory deficits in AD remain uncharacterized. We hypothesized that selective CC degeneration is associated with memory impairment in AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), which is mediated by homotopic inter-hemispheric functional dysconnectivity. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and task-free functional MRI, we assessed the CC volume and inter-hemispheric FC in 66 healthy controls, 41 aMCI and 41 AD. As expected, AD had CC degeneration and attenuated inter-hemispheric homotopic FC. Nevertheless, aMCI had relatively less severe CC degeneration (mainly in mid-anterior, central, and mid-posterior) and no reduction in inter-hemispheric homotopic FC. The degeneration of each CC sub-region was associated with specific inter-hemispheric homotopic functional disconnections in AD and aMCI. More importantly, impairment of inter-hemispheric homotopic FC partially mediated the association between CC (particularly the central and posterior parts) degeneration and memory deficit. Notably, these results remained after controlling for hippocampal volume. Our findings shed light on how CC degeneration and the related inter-hemispheric FC impact memory impairment in early stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Qiu
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Siwei Liu
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Department of Pharmacology, National University Health System, Clinical Research Centre, Singapore
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yng Miin Loke
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Kamran Ikram
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, National University Health System, Clinical Research Centre, Singapore
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | | | - Christopher Li-Hsian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National University Health System, Clinical Research Centre, Singapore
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Juan Zhou
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research and National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Van der Linden M, Juillerat Van der Linden AC. A life-course and multifactorial approach to Alzheimer's disease: Implications for research, clinical assessment and intervention practices. DEMENTIA 2016; 17:880-895. [PMID: 27353414 DOI: 10.1177/1471301216657270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
According to the dominant biomedical view, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a precise, necessary and unifying neurobiological cause, which distinguishes it from other neurodegenerative diseases and normal ageing. However, different types of evidence specifically lead to questioning the foundations of this essentialist and category-based approach to AD. It seems more and more evident that AD represents a heterogeneous state, determined by multiple factors and mechanisms that interact and intervene throughout life. This other way of conceiving AD not only requires a change of research objectives, but also a profound modification of clinical assessment and intervention practices. It also appeals to follow the path of prevention.
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Ng KK, Lo JC, Lim JK, Chee MW, Zhou J. Reduced functional segregation between the default mode network and the executive control network in healthy older adults: A longitudinal study. Neuroimage 2016; 133:321-330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Jiang L, Cao X, Li T, Tang Y, Li W, Wang J, Chan RC, Li C. Cortical Thickness Changes Correlate with Cognition Changes after Cognitive Training: Evidence from a Chinese Community Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:118. [PMID: 27252649 PMCID: PMC4877512 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in cortical thickness correlated with cognitive function changes in healthy older adults after receiving cognitive training interventions. Moreover, it also aimed to examine the differential impacts of a multi-domain and a single-domain cognitive training interventions. Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning was performed on participants 65–75 years of age using the Siemens 3.0 T Trio Tim with the Magnetization Prepared Rapid Gradient Echo (MPRAGE) sequence. The cortical thickness was determined using FreeSurfer Software. Cognitive functioning was evaluated using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). There were significant group × time interaction effects on the left supramarginal, the left frontal pole cortical regions; and a marginal significant group × time interaction effects on visuospatial/constructional and delayed memory scores. In a multi-domain cognitive training group, a number of cortical region changes were significantly positively correlated with changes in attention, delayed memory, and the total score, but significantly negatively correlated with changes in immediate memory and language scores. In the single-domain cognitive training group, some cortical region changes were significantly positively associated with changes in immediate memory, delayed memory, and the total score, while they were significantly negatively associated with changes in visuospatial/constructional, language, and attention scores. Overall, multi-domain cognitive training offered more advantages in visuospatial/constructional, attention, and delayed memory abilities, while single-domain cognitive training benefited immediate memory ability more effectively. These findings suggest that healthy older adults benefit more from the multi-domain cognitive training than single-domain cognitive training. Cognitive training has impacted on cortical thickness changes in healthy elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ting Li
- Shanghai Chang Ning Mental Health Center Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Raymond C Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
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Rojo-Mota G, Pedrero-Pérez EJ, Huertas-Hoyas E, Merritt B, MacKenzie D. Allen Cognitive Level Screen for the classification of subjects treated for addiction. Scand J Occup Ther 2016; 24:290-298. [PMID: 27100107 DOI: 10.3109/11038128.2016.1161071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The Cognitive Disabilities Model (CDM) is an occupational approach that can allow the classification of the functional-cognitive abilities of persons with addictions. The objective of the study was to explore the applicability of the ACLS-5 to assess a sample of persons undergoing addiction-rehabilitation treatment. Methods A sample of 232 participants was recruited from an outpatient treatment centre in Madrid (Spain). The ACLS-5, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Prefrontal Symptom Inventory (PSI) were administered. Sociodemographic and addiction-related data were also obtained. Results Half of the sample showed serious deficits in functional cognition, which ultimately could be related to problems in their daily performance. Scores of ACLS-5 showed significant correlations with the severity of addiction, with those obtained with the MoCA, and with attentional symptoms on the PSI scale. Conclusions The data suggest the applicability of the ACLS-5 in assessing the degree of functional cognition in subjects treated for addiction, providing evidence to support ecological validity and facilitating the development of well-targeted cognitive rehabilitation programmes from an occupational perspective. The use of occupational-based instruments to assess the functioning of those with addictions is a requirement of occupational therapy professionals working in this general area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Rojo-Mota
- a Institute of Addictions. Madrid Salud , Madrid , Spain.,b Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , University Rey Juan Carlos , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Elisabet Huertas-Hoyas
- b Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , University Rey Juan Carlos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Brenda Merritt
- c School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada
| | - Diane MacKenzie
- c School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada
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Eggenberger P, Wolf M, Schumann M, de Bruin ED. Exergame and Balance Training Modulate Prefrontal Brain Activity during Walking and Enhance Executive Function in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:66. [PMID: 27148041 PMCID: PMC4828439 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of exercise training have the potential to induce structural and functional brain plasticity in the elderly. Thereby, functional brain adaptations were observed during cognitive tasks in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies that correlated with improved cognitive performance. This study aimed to investigate if exercise training induces functional brain plasticity during challenging treadmill walking and elicits associated changes in cognitive executive functions. Forty-two elderly participants were recruited and randomly assigned to either interactive cognitive-motor video game dancing (DANCE) or balance and stretching training (BALANCE). The 8-week intervention included three sessions of 30 min per week and was completed by 33 participants (mean age 74.9 ± 6.9 years). Prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during preferred and fast walking speed on a treadmill was assessed applying functional near infrared spectroscopy pre- and post-intervention. Additionally, executive functions comprising shifting, inhibition, and working memory were assessed. The results showed that both interventions significantly reduced left and right hemispheric PFC oxygenation during the acceleration of walking (p < 0.05 or trend, r = 0.25-0.36), while DANCE showed a larger reduction at the end of the 30-s walking task compared to BALANCE in the left PFC [F (1, 31) = 3.54, p = 0.035, r = 0.32]. These exercise training induced modulations in PFC oxygenation correlated with improved executive functions (p < 0.05 or trend, r = 0.31-0.50). The observed reductions in PFC activity may release cognitive resources to focus attention on other processes while walking, which could be relevant to improve mobility and falls prevention in the elderly. This study provides a deeper understanding of the associations between exercise training, brain function during walking, and cognition in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Eggenberger
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wolf
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Schumann
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eling D de Bruin
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland; Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands; Centre for Evidence Based Physiotherapy, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
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30
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Zhao Y, Alexandrov PN, Lukiw WJ. Anti-microRNAs as Novel Therapeutic Agents in the Clinical Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:59. [PMID: 26941600 PMCID: PMC4766517 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overview- One hundred and ten years since its first description Alzheimer's disease (AD) still retains its prominent status: (i) as the industrialized world's number one cause of age-related intellectual impairment and cognitive decline; (ii) as this country's most rapidly expanding socioeconomic and healthcare concern; and (iii) as an insidious, progressive and lethal neurological disorder of the human central nervous system (CNS) for which there is currently no adequate treatment or cure (Alzheimer, 1991; Alzheimer et al., 1991, 1995) [https://www.alz.org/facts/downloads/facts_figures_2015.pdf (2015)]. The concept of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as being involved in the etiopathogenesis of AD and age-related human neurodegenerative disease was first proposed about 25 years ago, however it was not until 2007 that specific microRNA (miRNA) abundance, speciation and localization to the hippocampal CA1 region (an anatomical area of the human CNS specifically targeted by the AD process) was shown to strongly associate with AD-type change when compared to age-matched controls (Lukiw et al., 1992; Lukiw, 2007; Schipper et al., 2007; Cogswell et al., 2008; Guerreiro et al., 2012). Currently about 400 reports address the potential link between disruptions in miRNA signaling and the development of various features associated with AD neuropathology (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=micro+RNA+alzheimer's+disease). In this “Perspectives” paper we will highlight some of the most recent literature on anti-miRNA (AM; antagomir) therapeutic strategies and some very recent technological advances in the analysis and characterization of defective miRNA signaling pathways in AD compared to neurologically normal age-matched controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA; Department Neurology, LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA
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Nygaard E, Slinning K, Moe V, Walhovd KB. Cognitive function of youths born to mothers with opioid and poly-substance abuse problems during pregnancy. Child Neuropsychol 2015; 23:159-187. [DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2015.1092509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhao Y, Bhattacharjee S, Dua P, Alexandrov PN, Lukiw WJ. microRNA-Based Biomarkers and the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurol 2015. [PMID: 26217305 PMCID: PMC4499702 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center Louisiana State University Health Science Center , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU Neuroscience Center Louisiana State University Health Science Center , New Orleans, LA , USA
| | | | - Prerna Dua
- Department of Health Information Management, Louisiana State University , Ruston, LA , USA
| | | | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center Louisiana State University Health Science Center , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Neuroscience Center Louisiana State University Health Science Center , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Department of Neurology, LSU Neuroscience Center Louisiana State University Health Science Center , New Orleans, LA , USA
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Sala-Llonch R, Bartrés-Faz D, Junqué C. Reorganization of brain networks in aging: a review of functional connectivity studies. Front Psychol 2015; 6:663. [PMID: 26052298 PMCID: PMC4439539 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging (HA) is associated with certain declines in cognitive functions, even in individuals that are free of any process of degenerative illness. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used in order to link this age-related cognitive decline with patterns of altered brain function. A consistent finding in the fMRI literature is that healthy old adults present higher activity levels in some brain regions during the performance of cognitive tasks. This finding is usually interpreted as a compensatory mechanism. More recent approaches have focused on the study of functional connectivity, mainly derived from resting state fMRI, and have concluded that the higher levels of activity coexist with disrupted connectivity. In this review, we aim to provide a state-of-the-art description of the usefulness and the interpretations of functional brain connectivity in the context of HA. We first give a background that includes some basic aspects and methodological issues regarding functional connectivity. We summarize the main findings and the cognitive models that have been derived from task-activity studies, and we then review the findings provided by resting-state functional connectivity in HA. Finally, we suggest some future directions in this field of research. A common finding of the studies included is that older subjects present reduced functional connectivity compared to young adults. This reduced connectivity affects the main brain networks and explains age-related cognitive alterations. Remarkably, the default mode network appears as a highly compromised system in HA. Overall, the scenario given by both activity and connectivity studies also suggests that the trajectory of changes during task may differ from those observed during resting-state. We propose that the use of complex modeling approaches studying effective connectivity may help to understand context-dependent functional reorganizations in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Sala-Llonch
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Junqué
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
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Bal-Price A, Crofton KM, Sachana M, Shafer TJ, Behl M, Forsby A, Hargreaves A, Landesmann B, Lein PJ, Louisse J, Monnet-Tschudi F, Paini A, Rolaki A, Schrattenholz A, Suñol C, van Thriel C, Whelan M, Fritsche E. Putative adverse outcome pathways relevant to neurotoxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 45:83-91. [PMID: 25605028 PMCID: PMC5072123 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.981331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework provides a template that facilitates understanding of complex biological systems and the pathways of toxicity that result in adverse outcomes (AOs). The AOP starts with an molecular initiating event (MIE) in which a chemical interacts with a biological target(s), followed by a sequential series of KEs, which are cellular, anatomical, and/or functional changes in biological processes, that ultimately result in an AO manifest in individual organisms and populations. It has been developed as a tool for a knowledge-based safety assessment that relies on understanding mechanisms of toxicity, rather than simply observing its adverse outcome. A large number of cellular and molecular processes are known to be crucial to proper development and function of the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). However, there are relatively few examples of well-documented pathways that include causally linked MIEs and KEs that result in adverse outcomes in the CNS or PNS. As a first step in applying the AOP framework to adverse health outcomes associated with exposure to exogenous neurotoxic substances, the EU Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM) organized a workshop (March 2013, Ispra, Italy) to identify potential AOPs relevant to neurotoxic and developmental neurotoxic outcomes. Although the AOPs outlined during the workshop are not fully described, they could serve as a basis for further, more detailed AOP development and evaluation that could be useful to support human health risk assessment in a variety of ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | - Kevin M. Crofton
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, USA
| | - Magdalini Sachana
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | - Timothy J. Shafer
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, USA
| | - Mamta Behl
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Anna Forsby
- Department of Neurochemistry, the Arrhenius Laboratories for NaturalScience, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, Swetox, Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden
| | | | - Brigitte Landesmann
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jochem Louisse
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | - Alexandra Rolaki
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Suñol
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christoph van Thriel
- IfADo-Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maurice Whelan
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Sun Y, Lin Y, Cao X, Xiang L, Qi J. Sterols from Mytilidae show anti-aging and neuroprotective effects via anti-oxidative activity. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21660-73. [PMID: 25429428 PMCID: PMC4284670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151221660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
For screening anti-aging samples from marine natural products, K6001 yeast strain was employed as a bioassay system. The active mussel extract was separated to give an active sterol fraction (SF). SF was further purified, and four sterol compounds were obtained. Their structures were determined to be cholesterol (CHOL), brassicasterol, crinosterol, and 24-methylenecholesterol. All compounds showed similar anti-aging activity. To understand the action mechanism involved, anti-oxidative experiments, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays, and malondialdehyde (MDA) tests were performed on the most abundant compound, CHOL. Results indicated that treatment with CHOL increases the survival rate of yeast under oxidative stress and decreases ROS and MDA levels. In addition, mutations of uth1, skn7, sod1, and sod2, which feature a K6001 background, were employed and the lifespans of the mutations were not affected by CHOL. These results demonstrate that CHOL exerts anti-aging effects via anti-oxidative stress. Based on the connection between neuroprotection and anti-aging, neuroprotective experiments were performed in PC12 cells. Paraquat was used to induce oxidative stress and the results showed that the CHOL and SF protect the PC12 cells from the injury induced by paraquat. In addition, these substance exhibited nerve growth factor (NGF) mimic activities again confirmed their neuroprotective function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yu Hang Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yanfei Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yu Hang Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xueli Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yu Hang Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lan Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yu Hang Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianhua Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yu Hang Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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