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Barczyk ZA, Foulds JA, Porter RJ, Douglas KM. Childhood trauma and cognitive functioning in mood disorders: A systematic review. Bipolar Disord 2023; 25:263-277. [PMID: 36949602 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a core feature of mood disorders and has been identified as an important treatment target. A better understanding of the factors contributing to cognitive impairment in mood disorders would be beneficial in developing interventions to address cognitive impairment. One key factor is childhood trauma. The aim of this review was to systematically synthesise and review research examining associations between reported childhood trauma and cognitive functioning in mood disorders. METHODS Studies in adult samples examining the relationship between objective cognitive function and reported childhood trauma in major depressive disorder and/or bipolar disorder (in-episode or euthymia) were identified. Searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO until January 2022. A narrative review technique was used due to the heterogeneity of group comparisons, cognitive tests and data analysis across studies. RESULTS Seventeen studies met the criteria for inclusion (mood disorders N = 1723, healthy controls N = 797). Evidence for childhood trauma being related to poorer cognitive functioning was consistent across global cognitive functioning and executive function domains for euthymic patients and psychomotor speed for in-episode patients. There was mixed evidence for verbal learning and memory and executive function for in-episode patients. Identification of patterns within other domains was difficult due to limited number of studies. CONCLUSION Findings from this review suggest childhood trauma is associated with poorer cognitive functioning in people with mood disorders. Targeted interventions to improve cognition may be warranted for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe A Barczyk
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - James A Foulds
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Porter
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- Specialist Mental Health Services, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, 8024, New Zealand
| | - Katie M Douglas
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
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2
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TRPA1 participation in behavioral impairment induced by chronic corticosterone administration. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:157-169. [PMID: 36520197 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most diagnosed mental disorders. Despite this, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. In this context, basic research aims to unravel the pathophysiological mechanisms of MDD as well as investigate new targets and substances with therapeutic potential. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a transmembrane channel considered a sensor for inflammation and oxidative stress. Importantly, both inflammation and oxidative stress have been suggested as participants in the pathophysiology of MDD. However, the potential participation of TRPA1 in depressive disorder remains poorly investigated. OBJECTIVE To investigate the involvement of the TRPA1 channel in the behavioral changes induced by chronic corticosterone administration (CCA) in male mice. METHODS Swiss male mice were exposed to 21 days of CCA protocol and then treated with HC-030031 or A-967079, TRPA1 antagonists. Behavioral tests, analyzes of oxidative parameters and TRPA1 immunocontent were performed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP). RESULTS CCA induced despair-like behavior in mice accompanied by an increase in the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a TRPA1 agonist, which was reversed by TRPA1 antagonists and ketamine (positive control). In addition, CCA protocol reduced the immunocontent of this channel in the HIP and showed a tendency to increase the TRPA1 protein expression in the PFC. CONCLUSION Our work suggests that TRPA1 channel appears crucial to mediate the behavioral impairment induced by CCA in male Swiss mice.
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Lesmana MHS, Le NQK, Chiu WC, Chung KH, Wang CY, Irham LM, Chung MH. Genomic-Analysis-Oriented Drug Repurposing in the Search for Novel Antidepressants. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081947. [PMID: 36009493 PMCID: PMC9405592 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
From inadequate prior antidepressants that targeted monoamine neurotransmitter systems emerged the discovery of alternative drugs for depression. For instance, drugs targeted interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) in inflammatory system. Genomic analysis-based drug repurposing using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) inclined a promising method for several diseases. However, none of the diseases was depression. Thus, we aimed to identify drug repurposing candidates for depression treatment by adopting a genomic-analysis-based approach. The 5885 SNPs obtained from the machine learning approach were annotated using HaploReg v4.1. Five sets of functional annotations were applied to determine the depression risk genes. The STRING database was used to expand the target genes and identify drug candidates from the DrugBank database. We validated the findings using the ClinicalTrial.gov and PubMed databases. Seven genes were observed to be strongly associated with depression (functional annotation score = 4). Interestingly, IL6R was auspicious as a target gene according to the validation outcome. We identified 20 drugs that were undergoing preclinical studies or clinical trials for depression. In addition, we identified sarilumab and satralizumab as drugs that exhibit strong potential for use in the treatment of depression. Our findings indicate that a genomic-analysis-based approach can facilitate the discovery of drugs that can be repurposed for treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nguyen Quoc Khanh Le
- Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Translational Imaging Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lalu Muhammad Irham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (L.M.I.); (M.-H.C.); Tel.: +62-851-322-55-414 (L.M.I.); +886-02-2736-1661 (M.-H.C.)
| | - Min-Huey Chung
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.M.I.); (M.-H.C.); Tel.: +62-851-322-55-414 (L.M.I.); +886-02-2736-1661 (M.-H.C.)
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4
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Cheiran Pereira G, Piton E, Moreira Dos Santos B, Ramanzini LG, Muniz Camargo LF, Menezes da Silva R, Bochi GV. Microglia and HPA axis in depression: An overview of participation and relationship. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:165-182. [PMID: 34100334 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1939154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This narrative review article provides an overview on the involvement of microglia and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the pathophysiology of depression, as well investigates the mutual relationship between these two entities: how microglial activation can contribute to the dysregulation of the HPA axis, and vice versa.Methods: Relevant studies and reviews already published in the Pubmed electronic database involving the themes microglia, HPA axis and depression were used to meet the objectives.Results: Exposition to stressful events is considered a common factor in the mechanisms proposed to explain the depressive disorder. Stress can activate microglial cells, important immune components of the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, another system involved in the physiological response to stressors is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the main stress response system responsible for the production of the glucocorticoid hormone (GC). Also, mediators released after microglial activation can stimulate the HPA axis, inducing production of GC. Likewise, high levels of GCs are also capable of activating microglia, generating a vicious cycle.Conclusion: Immune and neuroendocrine systems seems to work in a coordinated manner and that their dysregulation may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression since neuroinflammation and hypercortisolism are often observed in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cheiran Pereira
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Center of Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Elisa Piton
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Brenda Moreira Dos Santos
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Center of Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luis Guilherme Ramanzini
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Muniz Camargo
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Rossano Menezes da Silva
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Vargas Bochi
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Center of Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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5
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Hammar Å, Ronold EH, Rekkedal GÅ. Cognitive Impairment and Neurocognitive Profiles in Major Depression-A Clinical Perspective. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:764374. [PMID: 35345877 PMCID: PMC8957205 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.764374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, studies have investigated cognitive functioning from the perspective of acute state- to remitted phases of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Some cognitive deficits observed in the symptomatic phase persist in remission as traits or scars. The etiological origin and clinical consequences of the neurocognitive profiles reported in the literature are still unclear and may vary across populations. Deficits are suspected to influence the association between MDD and neurodegenerative disorders and could thus be of particular clinical consequence. The aim of this review is to describe the clinical neuropsychological profile in MDD and how it is related to research during the past decade on cognitive deficits in MDD from a state, trait, and scar perspective. This review, with a clinical perspective, investigates research from the past decade regarding cognitive functioning in MDD in a long-term perspective. We focus on the clinical manifestation of deficits, and the potential neurodegenerative consequences of the neurocognitive profile in MDD. Searches in Medline, PsycINFO and Embase were conducted targeting articles published between 2010 and 2020. Examination of the evidence for long-lasting neurocognitive deficits in major depression within the cognitive domains of Memory, Executive Functions, Attention, and Processing Speed was conducted and was interpreted in the context of the State, Scar and Trait hypotheses. Defining the neurocognitive profiles in MDD will have consequences for personalized evaluation and treatment of residual cognitive symptoms, and etiological understanding of mood disorders, and treatments could potentially reduce or delay the development of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Hammar
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eivind Haga Ronold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Guro Årdal Rekkedal
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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6
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Cellular Response to Unfolded Proteins in Depression. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121376. [PMID: 34947907 PMCID: PMC8707777 DOI: 10.3390/life11121376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite many scientific studies on depression, there is no clear conception explaining the causes and mechanisms of depression development. Research conducted in recent years has shown that there is a strong relationship between depression and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In order to restore ER homeostasis, the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) mechanism is activated. Research suggests that ER stress response pathways are continuously activated in patients with major depressive disorders (MDD). Therefore, it seems that the recommended drugs should reduce ER stress. A search is currently underway for drugs that will be both effective in reducing ER stress and relieving symptoms of depression.
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Mikulska J, Juszczyk G, Gawrońska-Grzywacz M, Herbet M. HPA Axis in the Pathomechanism of Depression and Schizophrenia: New Therapeutic Strategies Based on Its Participation. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101298. [PMID: 34679364 PMCID: PMC8533829 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is involved in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Increased HPA axis activity can be observed during chronic stress, which plays a key role in the pathophysiology of depression. Overactivity of the HPA axis occurs in major depressive disorder (MDD), leading to cognitive dysfunction and reduced mood. There is also a correlation between the HPA axis activation and gut microbiota, which has a significant impact on the development of MDD. It is believed that the gut microbiota can influence the HPA axis function through the activity of cytokines, prostaglandins, or bacterial antigens of various microbial species. The activity of the HPA axis in schizophrenia varies and depends mainly on the severity of the disease. This review summarizes the involvement of the HPA axis in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, focusing on major depression and schizophrenia, and highlights a possible correlation between these conditions. Although many effective antidepressants are available, a large proportion of patients do not respond to initial treatment. This review also discusses new therapeutic strategies that affect the HPA axis, such as glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists, vasopressin V1B receptor antagonists and non-psychoactive CB1 receptor agonists in depression and/or schizophrenia.
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8
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Salivary Cortisol Levels Are Associated with Craving and Cognitive Performance in Cocaine-Abstinent Subjects: A Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100682. [PMID: 32992573 PMCID: PMC7600918 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex upon the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Assessment of cortisol in saliva has emerged as a reliable way of evaluating HPA function. We examined the relationships between salivary cortisol levels with both craving and cognitive performance, as a possible biomarker of cocaine addiction. Cognitive performance (attention, declarative and working memory, executive functions and recognition of emotions) was assessed in 14 abstinent cocaine-dependent subjects in outpatient treatment and 13 control participants. Three salivary samples were collected at home by all the participants in the morning, afternoon and at bedtime. Patients showed higher levels of cortisol in the morning, as well as higher area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg). Regarding cognitive performance, cocaine-abstinent subjects showed worse performance in attention (d2 test), verbal memory (Spanish Complementary Verbal Learning Test, TAVEC) and executive tests (Tower of Hanoi and phonological fluency test) with respect to the control group. Morning cortisol levels and the AUCg index were negatively associated with the age of onset of drug consumption and the AUCg index was also positively associated with craving in our patients' group. Moreover, morning cortisol levels, as well as the AUCg index, were negatively associated with verbal memory performance. Therefore, our pilot study suggests that salivary cortisol measurements could be a good avenue to predict craving level, as well as cognitive status, especially the declarative memory domain.
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9
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Scheffer M, Becker J, de Azeredo LA, Grassi-Oliveira R, de Almeida RMM. Subjective and physiological stress measurement in a multiple sclerosis sample and the relation with executive functions performance. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:613-622. [PMID: 30726516 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-01981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning may be dysregulated due to the high cortisol levels involved in the disease activity. HPA axis dysregulation can affect cognitive performance, including executive functions. This study aimed to evaluate hair cortisol concentration and perceived stress as well as verify the association with the performance of executive function in both individuals diagnosed with MS and control individuals. Hair cortisol concentration and perceived stress were evaluated and their association with the performance of healthy individuals (n = 33) and those with MS (n = 64), most of them with remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis (RRMS) assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Instruments that were employed to measure perceived stress and health aspects included the Behavioral Assessment Dysexecutive Syndrome, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Test, and Perceived Stress Scale. No significant statistical difference was found in the comparison of means among the groups; however, an association was found when using statistical correlation tests between cortisol and cognitive performance in the clinical group (r = 0.31, p = 0.10). Further, an absence of correlations with perceived stress measure was noted. It was possible to observe interaction between group factors and low level of cortisol and problem-solving/cognitive flexibility in the MS group. The results indicated that stress measures used in the present study seem to influence the performance of inhibitory control and problem-solving/cognitive flexibility, the latter with low levels of cortisol in individuals with MS. We suggest studies that examine different measures of physiological stress and characteristics of the disease such as more time of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgana Scheffer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, LPNeC, (Laboratório de Psicologia Experimental, Neurociência e Comportamento), Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Sala 116, Santa Cecilia, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Jefferson Becker
- Escola de Medicina, Neurologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil.,Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul (InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Araújo de Azeredo
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul-Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil.,Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul-Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil.,Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Martins de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, LPNeC, (Laboratório de Psicologia Experimental, Neurociência e Comportamento), Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Sala 116, Santa Cecilia, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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10
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The sleep and cognitive dysfunction are common in major depressive disorders (MDDs). Recently, the 2-pore domain potassium channel twik-related K(+) channel 1 (TREK-1) has been identified to be closely related to the etiology of MDD. However, whether TREK-1 is involved in the regulation of sleep and cognition is still unknown. METHODS The present study tried to dissect the role of outwardly rectifying K+ channel-1 (ORK1) (TREK-1 homolog in Drosophila) in sleep and cognition in Drosophila. The mutant and over-expressed lines of ork1 were generated using Drosophila genetics. Sleep analysis and short-term memory experiments were used to test sleep time and short-term memory of the mutant and over-expressed ORK1 lines, respectively. RESULTS Our results showed that the learning index of ork1 mutant lines was increased compared with the wild type. However, ork1 mutant could obviously decrease sleep time in Drosophila. Contrary to the ork1 mutant lines, we also found that ORK1 over-expression could increase sleep time and decreased learning index in Drosophila. CONCLUSION Results from this study suggest that ORK1 might play an important role in the regulation of sleep time and short-term memory in Drosophila.
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11
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Wisłowska-Stanek A, Lehner M, Skórzewska A, Krząścik P, Płaźnik A. Behavioral effects and CRF expression in brain structures of high- and low-anxiety rats after chronic restraint stress. Behav Brain Res 2016; 310:26-35. [PMID: 27150225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of chronic restraint stress (5 weeks, 3h/day) on behavior and central corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) expression in rats selected for high (HR) and low anxiety (LR). The conditioned freezing response was used as a discriminating variable. Moreover, we assessed the influence of acute restraint on CRF expression in the brain in HR and LR rats. We found that chronic restraint induced symptoms of anhedonia (decreased consumption of 1% sucrose solution) in HR rats. In addition, HR restraint rats showed an increased learned helplessness behavior (immobility time in the Porsolt test) as well as neophobia in the open field test vs. LR restraint and HR control rats. These behavioral changes were accompanied by a decreased expression of CRF in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (pPVN) and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG) compared to the HR control and LR restraint rat groups, respectively. The acute restraint condition increased the expression of CRF in the pPVN of HR rats compared to the HR control group, and enhanced the expression of CRF in the CA1 area and DG of LR restraint animals compared to the HR restraint and LR control rats, respectively. The present results indicate that chronic restraint stress in high anxiety rats attenuated CRF expression in the pPVN and DG, which was probably due to detrimental actions on the hippocampus-hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland feedback mechanism, thus modulating the stress response and inducing anhedonia and depressive-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wisłowska-Stanek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, 1B Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Lehner
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Skórzewska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Krząścik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, 1B Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Płaźnik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, 1B Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Talarowska M, Berk M, Maes M, Gałecki P. Autobiographical memory dysfunctions in depressive disorders. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 70:100-8. [PMID: 26522618 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM) is a ubiquitous human experience that belongs to long-term declarative memory. It plays interpersonal and intrapsychic functions. The main aim of this study is to present results of contemporary research on AM in recurrent depressive disorders. The available research literature suggests that AM dysfunctions are a precursor and risk factor for recurrent depressive disorders and that they also appear to be a consequence of depressive symptoms in a bidirectional and interacting manner. These data suggest that AM might be a viable therapeutic target for cognitive remediation strategies, given the impact of cognition on diverse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Talarowska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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13
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Yu L, An C, Jia L, Li Y, Chen Q, Zhen F, Wang S, Wang M. Combination Therapy of Salvianolic Acid and Fluoxetine Improves the Cognitive Function of Rats with Chronic Stress-induced Depression. World Neurosurg 2015; 86:173-80. [PMID: 26431735 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the beneficial effects of salvianolic acid and fluoxetine on the improvement of cognitive function and amelioration of depression-like symptoms of rats with chronic stress-induced depression. METHODS Ninety-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups--a control group with no stress challenge and 4 chronic stress groups. Rats assigned to chronic stress groups were exposed to stress for 3 weeks, and then were given placebo, fluoxetine (20 mg/kg), salvianolic acid (40 mg/kg), or combined fluoxetine and salvianolic acid. Body weight of each rat was recorded throughout the study. Sucrose preference test and water maze experiment were performed after chronic stress challenge and after drug treatment to assess the effect of drug treatments on depressive-like symptoms and cognitive function. The sucrose preference test was also performed before chronic stress exposure for baseline measurement. RESULTS Exposure of rats to chronic stress for 3 weeks significantly reduced body weight and sucrose preference values compared with the no stress control. The water maze experiment showed that chronic stress impaired the spatial learning of rats as well. Treatment of stress-challenged rats with fluoxetine and fluoxetine combined with salvianolic acid resulted in shorter training latency and longer time spent in the target quadrant during the exploration stage of the water maze experiment compared with placebo treatment. Effect of the combined regimen was found more obvious. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy of salvianolic acid and fluoxetine could alleviate depression-like symptoms and cognitive deficit induced by chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cuixia An
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lina Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fengya Zhen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China.
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