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Walg M, Khatib A, Laufer A, Böttche M, Maoz-Dotan C, Hassan H, Hapfelmeier G, Finkelstein M. Post-migration stress, quality of life, and mental health among accompanied and unaccompanied young refugees in Germany: How do adolescents feel after fleeing? Stress Health 2024:e3378. [PMID: 38279696 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the impact of post-migration living difficulties (PMLDs) and quality of life (QoL) on the mental health of 55 young refugees who arrived in Germany either accompanied or unaccompanied. The results reveal that nearly 62% of the participants exhibited clinically significant symptoms of depression or post-traumatic stress disorder. Regression analyses indicate that psychopathology was associated with being unaccompanied and experiencing lower QoL, while QoL was associated with higher economic status and lower PMLDs. Mediation analysis further demonstrates that higher economic status and reduced PMLDs were associated with higher QoL, which, in turn, correlated with lower levels of psychopathology. These findings emphasise the importance of considering PMLDs and QoL, as well as economic status and being accompanied/unaccompanied, in the assessment and treatment of young refugees in the host country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Walg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, SANA-Klinikum, Remscheid, Germany
| | - Anwar Khatib
- Department of Social Work, Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avital Laufer
- Behavioral Science, Netanya Academic College, Netanya, Israel
| | - Maria Böttche
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Hiam Hassan
- Department of Social Work, Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel
| | - Gerhard Hapfelmeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, SANA-Klinikum, Remscheid, Germany
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Hoffman J, Ben-Zion Z, Arévalo A, Duek O, Greene T, Hall BJ, Harpaz-Rotem I, Liddell B, Locher C, Morina N, Nickerson A, Pfaltz MC, Schick M, Schnyder U, Seedat S, Shatri F, Sit HF, von Känel R, Spiller TR. Mapping the availability of translated versions of posttraumatic stress disorder screening questionnaires for adults: A scoping review. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2143019. [PMID: 38872602 PMCID: PMC9724641 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2143019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The most used questionnaires for PTSD screening in adults were developed in English. Although many of these questionnaires were translated into other languages, the procedures used to translate them and to evaluate their reliability and validity have not been consistently documented. This comprehensive scoping review aimed to compile the currently available translated and evaluated questionnaires used for PTSD screening, and highlight important gaps in the literature.Objective: This review aimed to map the availability of translated and evaluated screening questionnaires for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for adults.Methods: All peer-reviewed studies in which a PTSD screening questionnaire for adults was translated, and which reported at least one result of a qualitative and /or quantitative evaluation procedure were included. The literature was searched using Embase, MEDLINE, and APA PsycInfo, citation searches and contributions from study team members. There were no restrictions regarding the target languages of the translations. Data on the translation procedure, the qualitative evaluation, the quantitative evaluation (dimensionality of the questionnaire, reliability, and performance), and open access were extracted.Results: A total of 866 studies were screened, of which 126 were included. Collectively, 128 translations of 12 different questionnaires were found. Out of these, 105 (83.3%) studies used a forward and backward translation procedure, 120 (95.2%) assessed the reliability of the translated questionnaire, 60 (47.6%) the dimensionality, 49 (38.9%) the performance, and 42 (33.3%) used qualitative evaluation procedures. Thirty-four questionnaires (27.0%) were either freely available or accessible on request.Conclusions: The analyses conducted and the description of the methods and results varied substantially, making a quality assessment impractical. Translations into languages spoken in middle- or low-income countries were underrepresented. In addition, only a small proportion of all translated questionnaires were available. Given the need for freely accessible translations, an online repository was developed.HIGHLIGHTS We mapped the availability of translated PTSD screening questionnaires.The quality of the translation and validation processes is very heterogenous.We created a repository for translated, validated PTSD screening questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Hoffman
- School of Psychology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ziv Ben-Zion
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut, Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adrián Arévalo
- Facultad de Medicina & Neuron Research Group Lima, Universidad de Piura, Lima, Perú
- Facultad de Medicina "San Fernando", Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Or Duek
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut, Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Talya Greene
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Brian J Hall
- Center for Global Health equity, New York University (Shanghai), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut, Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Cosima Locher
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Naser Morina
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Monique C Pfaltz
- Department of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Matthis Schick
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fatlinda Shatri
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hao Fong Sit
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias R Spiller
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut, Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Cohen-Louck K, Shechory-Bitton M. Distress and wellbeing among 1.5-generation immigrants 3 decades after immigration to Israel. Stress Health 2022; 38:330-339. [PMID: 34436801 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine psychological adaptation levels (distress and wellbeing) and their association to acculturation strategies among 1.5 generation immigrants from Ethiopia and the former Soviet Union (FSU), 3 decades after large waves of immigrants from these countries came to Israel. Three-hundred and forty-one participants, 176 from Ethiopia and 165 from FSU, completed survey questionnaires assessing their acculturation attitudes and the levels of their wellbeing and stress. Personal wellbeing and distress were found to be moderate among all participants. In addition, while no ethnic group differences were found for integration, separation and marginalization, FSU immigrants reported higher levels of using assimilation strategies than those who came from Ethiopia. Regression findings show that personal wellbeing was significantly explained by the acculturation strategies of integration and marginalization, such that a greater use of integration and a lower use of marginalization were associated with higher personal wellbeing. The adaptation process in which immigrant groups adapt to a host society is dynamic, takes many years and the acculturation strategies change over time. The change is related to attitudes toward the destination culture and to the culture of origin, both among the immigrants and the host society.
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Saltzman LY, Canetti D, Hobfoll SE, Hall BJ. The impact of political violence on posttraumatic stress symptomology: a longitudinal analysis. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2022; 35:219-231. [PMID: 34269153 PMCID: PMC8761218 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1950694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current paper uses the Conservation of Resources Theory to frame an examination of the impact of exposure to political violence on posttraumatic stress symptomology among three groups within Israeli society: (1) Native Born Jews; (2) Foreign Born Jews; and (3) Palestinian Citizens of Israel. METHODS The study population was a large nationally representative sample of 1613 respondents collected during The Second Intifada. The sample consists of approximately 40% Jews born in Israel (n = 652), 30% (n = 484) were Jews who immigrated to Israel, and close to 30% (n = 477) were Palestinian Citizens of Israel. Mediation analyses explored the role of resource loss in the relationship between social status and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. RESULTS Compared to native born Jews, foreign born Jews and Palestinian Citizens of Israel reported greater PTSD symptom severity at wave III. These relationships were not mediated by psychosocial resource loss or economic resource loss. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the importance of tailored interventions with minority groups in the context of ongoing political violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daphna Canetti
- Professor and Head School of Political Science University of Haifa
| | | | - Brian. J Hall
- Associate Professor of Global Public Health, NYU Shanghai
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Berthold SM, Mollica RF, Silove D, Tay AK, Lavelle J, Lindert J. The HTQ-5: revision of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire for measuring torture, trauma and DSM-5 PTSD symptoms in refugee populations. Eur J Public Health 2020; 29:468-474. [PMID: 30561573 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) was developed 25 years ago as a cross-cultural screening instrument to document trauma exposure, head trauma and trauma-related symptoms in refugees. This article aims to: (i) outline the process of revision of Part IV of the HTQ to (a) include the new DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD, and (b) separate out and more fully develop the refugee-specific functioning items; and (ii) promote a consistent approach to the validation of the HTQ-5 when adapted for use in other cultures and language groups. METHODS Our process involved item mapping; expert consultations; generating items according to the new DSM-5 criteria; and drafting, refinement and finalization of the revised measure focusing closely on issues of meaning, future translation into multiple languages and comprehension amongst groups with low literacy and little or no exposure to Western trauma concepts. Validity and reliability testing of the new HTQ-5 is underway. RESULTS The HTQ symptom checklist was modified consistent with current DSM-5 diagnostic criteria to identify those refugees at risk for mental health and other symptoms associated with traumatic life events, disability and dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Accurate screening of post-traumatic distress and dysfunction enables those working with refugees to triage them more effectively to scarce health and mental health resources. When developing screening measures to inform public health policy and practice, it is vital that these measures can bridge the gap between western (etic) nosologies and indigenous (emic) understandings of traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Megan Berthold
- School of Social Work, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Richard F Mollica
- Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Derrick Silove
- Psychiatry Research and Teaching Unit, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Alvin Kuowei Tay
- Psychiatry Research and Teaching Unit, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - James Lavelle
- Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jutta Lindert
- Department of Health and Social Work, University of Applied Sciences Emden, Emden, Germany; Women's Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
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Benight CC, Shoji K, Harwell A, Felix E. Non-linear Dynamic Shifts in Distress After Wildfires: Further Tests of the Self-Regulation Shift Theory. Front Psychol 2020; 11:551962. [PMID: 33123037 PMCID: PMC7573509 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.551962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide exposure to explosive wildfires has become increasingly common. The psychological impact of these fires is substantial, demanding a deeper understanding of post-wildfire adaptation. This paper consists of two studies aiming to test self-regulation shift theory and its predicted non-linear shifts in distress using cusp catastrophe analyses. Study 1 tested a cusp catastrophe model on distress after the Waldo Canyon wildfire, Colorado (June, 2012). Results of study 1 showed that coping self-efficacy early after the wildfire was a significant bifurcation factor affecting when a shift in distress levels occurred from a lower state to an upper state. Perceived loss was a significant asymmetry controlling factor affecting the relative strength of each state. These findings indicate that a non-linear shift is more likely to occur at lower levels of coping self-efficacy and higher perceived loss. Study 2 tested the same model among survivors of several wildfires in California during 2017 and 2018. Results of study 2 confirmed the importance of coping self-efficacy again as a significant bifurcation factor. In this case, peritraumatic dissociation was found to be a significant asymmetry controlling factor instead of loss. These results indicate that an upward shift in distress occurs when coping self-efficacy is lower and peritraumatic dissociation is higher. Collectively, the combined findings suggest that coping self-efficacy is a pivotal variable consistent with self-regulation shift theory predictions. Intervention implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C. Benight
- National Institute for Human Resilience, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Charles C. Benight,
| | - Kotaro Shoji
- National Institute for Human Resilience, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
- Kotaro Shoji,
| | - Aaron Harwell
- National Institute for Human Resilience, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Erika Felix
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, & School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
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Sauber EW, O'Brien KM. Multiple Losses: The Psychological and Economic Well-Being of Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:3054-3078. [PMID: 29294743 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517706760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study advanced knowledge regarding the mechanisms through which intimate partner violence relates to psychological and financial distress with a sample of diverse low-income women. Data were collected from 147 female domestic violence survivors who were abused by a male partner within the past 6 months. Three hierarchical regression analyses revealed that psychological, physical, and economic abuse were predictive of posttraumatic stress, depression, and economic self-sufficiency among survivors. Guided by the Conservation of Resources Theory, the loss of financial, work, and interpersonal resources also predicted these three outcomes, above and beyond abuse experiences (i.e., economically controlling behaviors, economic sabotage, and interpersonal resource loss were unique predictors). In addition, bootstrap mediation analyses showed that interpersonal resource loss partially mediated the relationship between psychological abuse and mental health outcomes. Together, these findings can be used to inform future interventions to promote the financial and psychological well-being of survivors.
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Echterhoff G, Hellmann JH, Back M, Esses V, Wagner U. Special Issue on “The Social Psychology of Forced Migration and Refugee Integration” in theEuropean Journal of Social Psychology. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lim A, Hoek HW, Ghane S, Deen M, Blom JD. The Attribution of Mental Health Problems to Jinn: An Explorative Study in a Transcultural Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:89. [PMID: 29643820 PMCID: PMC5882841 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among Muslim patients, a common cultural concept of distress is the notion that jinn may be the cause of mental health problems, especially in the presence of hallucinations. OBJECTIVE This study examines the frequency with which this attribution style is manifest in a specific psychiatric outpatient population with a Muslim background. METHODS Of all patients registered at an outpatient clinic specialized in transcultural psychiatry, data were collected on folk belief, religion, hallucinations (if present), and medical diagnosis. Through a search in the electronic medical files, the notes made during the first contact and first psychiatric examination were screened for the keywords "evil eye," "magic," "voodoo," and "jinn." In addition, new eligible cases were accepted. RESULTS From all 551 patients thus screened, 118 were eligible for participation. Of these, 49 (41.5%) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Among them, 21 (43%) were positive that their psychiatric symptoms were caused by jinn, whereas 13 (27%) thought not, and 15 (31%) were in doubt. No less than 87.2% had experienced hallucinations during their lives. Among the relatively large proportion of eligible patients who did not participate (58.5%), many expressed a fear for stigmatization or metaphysical repercussions if they spoke about jinn. CONCLUSION The phenomenon of attributing mental health symptoms to jinn was much more common in this population of Muslim patients than previously assumed. This underscores the need for proper knowledge of Muslim explanatory models of disease and for the use of culturally sensitive interviewing techniques in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Lim
- i-psy Intercultural Psychiatry, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Parnassia Academy, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands.,Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Dutch Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans W Hoek
- i-psy Intercultural Psychiatry, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Parnassia Academy, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatric Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Samrad Ghane
- i-psy Intercultural Psychiatry, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Equator Foundation, Diemen, Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Deen
- Parnassia Academy, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands.,Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan Dirk Blom
- Parnassia Academy, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands.,Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Staniloiu A, Wahl-Kordon A, Markowitsch HJ. Dissoziative Amnesie und Migration. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR NEUROPSYCHOLOGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1024/1016-264x/a000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Dissoziative Amnesie verläuft unter Umständen chronisch und kann zu lebenslanger Arbeitsunfähigkeit führen. Die Krankheit tritt gehäuft im Zusammenhang mit Migration auf und verläuft dann schwerer als in anderen Fällen. Sie ist im Grunde reversibel, d. h., der Abruf der Gedächtnisinhalte ist nur blockiert. Betroffen sind Patienten, die nicht verarbeitete Stress- und Traumaerlebnisse als Hintergrund haben und dann ein erneutes Stresserlebnis erfahren, welches zum dissoziativen Amnesiezustand führt. Es wird postuliert, dass in erster Linie Patienten betroffen sind, die im neuen Heimatland nicht ausreichend und ihrem Anspruch entsprechend Fuß fassen konnten. Mangelnde Sprachkenntnisse und eine nicht den Erwartungen entsprechende neue Arbeitssituation sind am ehesten als Gründe anzuführen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Staniloiu
- Physiologische Psychologie, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Oberbergklinik, Hornberg
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