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Albuquerque S, Henriques M, Rosa PJ, Delalibera M, Neimeyer RA, Coelho A, Batista J. Validation of the Portuguese version of the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) in a sample of bereaved individuals. DEATH STUDIES 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38597741 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2334098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) evaluates the ability to integrate stressful experiences into one's meaning system. The present study developed and validated a version of this scale for a bereaved Portuguese-speaking population, utilizing a sample of 242 adults who had lost a significant other to diverse causes of death. The sample was predominantly female, educated, married, or in consensual unions, and actively employed. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure, consisting of 13 items, showing adequate local and global goodness-of-fit and supporting the proposed original structure. Convergent evidence based on internal structure was found for the two dimensions (Comprehensibility and Footing in the World). Regarding reliability, Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega computed for each factor showed good internal consistency and the average inter-item correlation was considered satisfactory. This psychometric support for ISLES underscores its relevance in enhancing the knowledge of meaning-making processes in the Portuguese context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Albuquerque
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Joel Rosa
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Superior Manuel Teixeira Gomes (ISMAT), Portimão, Portugal
| | | | | | - Alexandra Coelho
- Social and Life Sciences, ISPA - University Institute of Psychological, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto IPIR Duelo y Pérdidas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - João Batista
- Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Azadfar Z, Bijari AF, Khosravi Z, Abdollahi A. Psychometric properties of the full-form and short-form versions of the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) among Iranian university students. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2892. [PMID: 36786338 PMCID: PMC10013935 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Making adaptive meaning of stressful life experiences has been identified as an important determinant of adjustment. The Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) was developed to assess the outcome of meaning-making processes in the face of negative events. AIMS The psychometric properties of this scale have not been measured in Iranian populations. The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the 16-item and 6-item versions of ISLES with a sample of 502 university students who had experienced relationship dissolution. RESULTS Findings support a two-factor structure with acceptable validity and reliability. Positive correlations between the scores of ISLES with Centrality of Event Scale and PTSD symptoms provided evidence of concurrent validity. CONCLUSION The results of measurement invariance indicated that both the 16-item and 6-item versions of ISLES are gender invariant and can be used to assess meaning-made in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Azadfar
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Farah Bijari
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Khosravi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Abdollahi
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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Blais RK, Xu B, Hoyt T, Lorenz T, Monteith LL. Sexual compulsivity, erectile dysfunction, and suicidality among male survivors of military sexual violence. J Trauma Stress 2022; 35:1709-1720. [PMID: 36059231 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although military sexual trauma (MST) is associated with an increased risk of suicide, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation among service members and veterans, there is limited knowledge regarding the mechanisms of MST and suicidality among men. The current study examined whether MST was associated with sexual compulsivity and/or erectile dysfunction and if these, in turn, explained elevated suicidal thoughts and the likelihood of engaging in future suicidal behavior after accounting for mental health, military, and demographic characteristics. Service members and veterans who reported their gender as male (N = 508) were recruited via social media and completed online self-report measures assessing MST, erectile dysfunction, sexual compulsivity, suicidal ideation frequency, and the likelihood of engaging in future suicidal behavior. Path analysis was used to examine the study hypotheses. In total, 67 participants (13.2%) reported a history of MST; of these individuals, 27 (40.3%) reported suicidal ideation in the past 12 months, and 29 (43.9%) reported an increased likelihood of engaging in future suicidal behavior. MST was associated with increased sexual compulsivity, which, in turn, predicted more frequent suicidal ideation as well as a higher self-reported likelihood of engaging in future suicidal behavior. MST was associated with higher levels of erectile dysfunction, but erectile dysfunction was not associated with suicidal ideation in the adjusted model. Although the data were cross-sectional, precluding determinations of causality, the results support assessing and intervening with regard to sexual compulsivity to mitigate the risk for suicide-related outcomes among men who experience MST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Blais
- Psychology Department, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Bingyu Xu
- Psychology Department, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Tim Hoyt
- Psychological Health Center of Excellence, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Tierney Lorenz
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Lindsey L Monteith
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center for Veteran Suicide Prevention, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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McGuire AP, Fagan J, Tsai J, Merians AN, Nichter B, Norman S, Southwick SM, Pietrzak RH. Dispositional gratitude predicts the development of psychopathology and suicidal behaviors: Results from a 7-year population-based study of U.S. military veterans. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 149:168-176. [PMID: 35278781 PMCID: PMC9017955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dispositional gratitude has been implicated as a psychological characteristic that may modulate risk for mental health outcomes. Using a population-based sample of U.S. military veterans, this study evaluated the association between dispositional gratitude and the development of psychopathology and suicidal behaviors over a 7-year period. METHODS A nationally representative sample of U.S. veterans was surveyed at four timepoints across seven years. Analyses were restricted to veterans without incident outcomes at baseline. Multivariable analyses were conducted to examine the relation between baseline levels of dispositional gratitude and risk of developing (a) major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); (b) suicidal ideation; and (c) suicide attempts. RESULTS A total 9.6% of veterans developed MDD, GAD, and/or PTSD, 9.5% developed suicidal ideation, and 2.8% reported having attempted suicide over the 7-year follow-up period. Among veterans with high levels of dispositional gratitude, incidence was lower for MDD/GAD/PTSD (8.0%), suicidal ideation (6.8%), and suicide attempts (1.5%). Conversely, veterans with low dispositional gratitude were at substantially higher risk of developing MDD/GAD/PTSD (27.7%), suicidal ideation (33.6%), and suicide attempts (20.3%). CONCLUSIONS High dispositional gratitude may help protect against the development of psychopathology and suicidal behaviors in U.S. military veterans, whereas low gratitude may increase risk of developing these outcomes. Collectively, these results support the potential utility of enhancing gratitude as part of primary prevention efforts for veterans, service members, and other populations at heightened risk for adverse mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. McGuire
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, The University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd, Tyler, TX 75799, USA,VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, 4800 Memorial Dr (151C), Waco, TX 76711, USA,Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 1901 Veterans Memorial Dr, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Joanna Fagan
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, The University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd, Tyler, TX 75799, USA
| | - Jack Tsai
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Tampa, FL, USA,School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Addie N. Merians
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Brandon Nichter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sonya Norman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,National Center for PTSD, VA Medical Center, 215 N Main St, White River Junction, VT 05005, USA,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Steven M. Southwick
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516, USA,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Blais RK, Cruz RA, Serang S. More frequent negative social exchanges are associated with higher suicide ideation and risk in men service members/veterans. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2021; 51:755-766. [PMID: 33870554 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide is a leading cause of death in military service members/veterans (SM/Vs). Positive social exchanges (e.g., emotional support) buffer against suicide risk but the influence of negative social exchanges (e.g., unwanted advice) is understudied. METHOD The current study explored (1) the contributions of positive and negative social exchanges as simultaneous correlates of suicide ideation and risk, (2) whether positive social exchanges mitigated the association of negative social exchanges and suicide ideation and risk, and (3) if facets of social exchanges were uniquely related to suicide ideation and risk. SM/Vs men (N = 508) completed self-report questionnaires. RESULTS Roughly 27% endorsed suicide ideation. Between 23.62 and 41.14% reported elevated suicide risk. Adjusted analyses revealed higher negative social exchanges, particularly insensitive behaviors, and lower positive social exchanges were associated with higher suicide ideation and risk. The magnitude of positive and negative social exchanges with suicide ideation or risk was statistically similar. Higher positive social exchanges did not attenuate the association of negative social exchanges and suicide ideation or risk (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Higher negative social exchanges are equally strong correlates of suicide ideation and risk as positive social exchanges. Decreasing insensitive behaviors may reduce suicide ideation and risk in men SM/Vs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Blais
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Rick A Cruz
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Sarfaraz Serang
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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Sullivan N, Freer BD, Ulrich S. Student veterans and adjustment to college: Making meaning of military experiences. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:503-512. [PMID: 31702964 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1683017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationships among meaning making, military stressor severity, and adjustment to college among student service members/veterans (SSM/Vs). PARTICIPANTS Participants were 128 SSM/Vs enrolled in postsecondary education from April to June 2016. METHODS Participants completed online self-report rating scales of stressor severity for their most stressful military event, meaning made of that stressor, and adjustment to college. RESULTS Regression analyses revealed that made meaning of military stressors was associated with more positive academic, social, and emotional adjustment to college. Stressor severity was not associated with adjustment, nor did made meaning moderate the relationship between stressor severity and adjustment to college. CONCLUSION These findings provide preliminary evidence that making meaning of stressful military experiences can promote academic, social, and emotional adjustment to college among SSM/Vs and has implications for incorporating meaning making strategies into university and clinical programs aimed at promoting adjustment to college in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, New Jersey, USA
| | - Benjamin D Freer
- Department of Psychology, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, New Jersey, USA
| | - Stefanie Ulrich
- Department of Psychology, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, New Jersey, USA
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Sokol Y, Gromatsky M, Edwards ER, Greene AL, Geraci JC, Harris RE, Goodman M. The deadly gap: Understanding suicide among veterans transitioning out of the military. Psychiatry Res 2021; 300:113875. [PMID: 33901974 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the period following separation from the military, service members face the challenge of transitioning to a post-military civilian life. Some evidence suggests these transitioning Veterans are at higher risk for suicide compared with both the broader Veteran population and the United States public, yet they often do not receive adequate support and resources. In this review, we use the Three-Step Theory of suicide to outline characteristics of transitioning Veterans and the transition process that may affect suicide risk. We then highlight relevant services available to this specific subgroup of Veterans and make recommendations that address barriers to care. Cumulatively, this literature suggests transitioning Veterans fall within a "deadly gap" between the end of their military service and transition into civilian life. This "deadly gap" consists of limited psychiatric services and increased suicide risk factors which together may explain the increase in suicide during this transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Sokol
- Transitioning Servicemember/Veteran and Suicide Prevention Center (TASC), United States; VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, United States; Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai Hospital, United States.
| | - Molly Gromatsky
- Transitioning Servicemember/Veteran and Suicide Prevention Center (TASC), United States; VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, United States; Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai Hospital, United States
| | - Emily R Edwards
- Transitioning Servicemember/Veteran and Suicide Prevention Center (TASC), United States; VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, United States; Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai Hospital, United States
| | - Ashley L Greene
- Transitioning Servicemember/Veteran and Suicide Prevention Center (TASC), United States; VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, United States; Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai Hospital, United States
| | - Joseph C Geraci
- Transitioning Servicemember/Veteran and Suicide Prevention Center (TASC), United States; VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, United States; Resilience Center for Veterans & Families, Teachers College, Columbia University, United States; Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai Hospital, United States; Columbia University, United States; Syracuse University, Institute for Veterans and Military Families, United States
| | - Rachel E Harris
- VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, United States; William Paterson University, United States
| | - Marianne Goodman
- Transitioning Servicemember/Veteran and Suicide Prevention Center (TASC), United States; VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, United States; Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai Hospital, United States
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Impulsivity and Impulsivity-Related Endophenotypes in Suicidal Patients with Substance Use Disorders: an Exploratory Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractSuicidal behavior (SB) is a major problem in patients with substance use disorders (SUDs). However, little is known about specific SB risk factors in this population, and pathogenetic hypotheses are difficult to disentangle. This study investigated some SB and SUD-related endophenotypes, such as impulsivity, aggression, trait anger, and risk-taking behaviors (RTBs), in forty-eight patients with SUDs in relation to lifetime history of suicide attempts (SAs). Disorders related to alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, opiates, and hallucinogenic drugs were included. Lifetime SAs was significantly associated with both higher impulsivity and higher aggression, but not with trait anger. A higher number of RTBs were associated with lifetime SAs and higher impulsivity, but not with aggression and trait anger. Assessing these endophenotypes could refine clinical SB risk evaluation in SUDs patients by detecting higher-risk subgroups. An important limitation of this study is exiguity of its sample size. Its primary contribution is inclusion of all SUD types.
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Killam WK, Degges-White S. Understanding the Education-Related Needs of Contemporary Male Veterans. ADULTSPAN JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsp.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy K. Killam
- Department of Counseling, Stephen F. Austin State University
| | - Suzanne Degges-White
- Department of Counseling, Adult and Higher Education, Northern Illinois University
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Owens GP, Held P, Hamrick L, Keller E. The indirect effects of emotion regulation on the association between attachment style, depression, and meaning made among undergraduates who experienced stressful events. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-018-9688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Athey A, Overholser J. A Systematic Review of Suicide Risk in Veterans: Depression is a More Powerful Predictor than Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21635781.2018.1442757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Athey
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James Overholser
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Buckner JD, Jeffries ER, Crosby RD, Zvolensky MJ, Cavanaugh CE, Wonderlich SA. The impact of PTSD clusters on cannabis use in a racially diverse trauma-exposed sample: An analysis from ecological momentary assessment. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2018; 44:532-542. [PMID: 29442522 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1430149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates a link between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cannabis use and suggests that this link may vary as a function of the PTSD symptom cluster type. Consistent with negative reinforcement models of substance use, individuals with elevated Cluster D (Hyperarousal) symptoms may be more likely to use cannabis in response to elevated state anxiety and experience decreases in state anxiety after using cannabis. OBJECTIVES We aimed to test hypotheses that the interaction of Cluster D and state anxiety would be related to subsequent cannabis use and that those with elevated Cluster D symptoms who used cannabis would report the greatest decreases in state anxiety. To test the specificity, we tested whether Clusters B (re-experiencing) and C (avoidance) showed similar relationships. METHODS The present study used ecological momentary assessment to examine cannabis use among 87 cannabis-using individuals with PTSD symptoms (64.4% male, 56.3% non-Hispanic Caucasian). State anxiety and cannabis use were assessed over the two-week period via signal contingent (six random prompts per day), interval contingent (each bedtime), and event contingent (cannabis use episodes) assessments. RESULTS Consistent with negative reinforcement models, participants with clinically significant Cluster D symptoms with elevated state anxiety had a greater likelihood of subsequent cannabis use and cannabis use resulted in less subsequent anxiety. The negative reinforcement hypothesis was only partially supported for those with Cluster B and C symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that negative reinforcement models may be especially relevant to understanding cannabis use among those with clinically elevated Cluster D symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Buckner
- a Department of Psychology , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Emily R Jeffries
- a Department of Psychology , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Ross D Crosby
- c Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science , University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences , Fargo , ND , USA.,d Neuropsychiatric Research Institute , Fargo , ND , USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- e Department of Psychology , University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA.,f Department of Behavioral Science , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | | | - Stephen A Wonderlich
- c Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science , University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences , Fargo , ND , USA.,d Neuropsychiatric Research Institute , Fargo , ND , USA
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Lockman JD, Servaty-Seib HL. College student suicidal ideation: Perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and meaning made of stress. DEATH STUDIES 2015; 40:154-164. [PMID: 26466919 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2015.1105325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The interpersonal theory of suicide (ITS) posits that suicidal ideation is interpersonal in nature. More specifically, in the ITS, perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness are dynamic cognitive-affective interpersonal states that engender suicidal ideation. However, intrapersonal (i.e., within the self) existential protective factors for suicidal ideation, such as the ability to make meaning from stressful life events, remain relatively unexplored. The authors examined the degree to which interpersonal and intrapersonal variables contribute to the variance of suicidal ideation in college students (n = 165). Results indicated that students' meaning made of stress was negatively and uniquely associated with suicidal ideation after controlling for ITS interpersonal contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Lockman
- a Department of Educational Studies , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana , USA
| | - Heather L Servaty-Seib
- a Department of Educational Studies , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana , USA
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Holland JM, Chong G, Currier JM, O’Hara R, Gallagher-Thompson D. Does cognitive-behavioural therapy promote meaning making? A preliminary test in the context of geriatric depression. Psychol Psychother 2015; 88:120-4. [PMID: 24839175 PMCID: PMC4233192 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the extent to which cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for geriatric depression promoted meaning made of stress. DESIGN Fifty-one participants received CBT and were assessed at pre- and post-treatment. METHODS The primary outcome was the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) and demographic factors were examined as moderators of changes over time. RESULTS Those with more education showed improvement in their ability to regain positive values, worldviews, and purpose in life after a stressor. CONCLUSIONS It appears that CBT promotes some forms of meaning made of stress for those with higher education. PRACTITIONER POINTS Cognitive-behavioural therapy as it is routinely practiced may help highly educated older adults regain their Footing in the World (e.g., maintain positive values, worldviews, and purpose in life) in the aftermath of a stressful life event. Cognitive-behavioural therapy appears to offer fewer gains for less educated older adults (in terms of Footing in the World) as well as for other aspects of meaning-making, such as the ability to 'make sense' of a significant stressor. Although more empirical work is necessary, meaning-oriented interventions (e.g., 're-authoring' a fragmented self-narrative; Neimeyer, 2009, p. 97) hold promise as useful adjuncts to routine therapy that could augment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ruth O’Hara
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
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