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Gray BR, Gunderman RB. Gratitude, Humility, and the Impulse to Make a Mark. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:1714-1715. [PMID: 38245455 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Gray
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 North Barnhill Drive, Room 1053, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
| | - Richard B Gunderman
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 North Barnhill Drive, Room 1053, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA.
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2
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Tout AF, Jessop DC, Miles E. Investigating the combined and unique contributions of positive psychological traits to sleep and exploring emotion regulation as a common mediator. J Behav Med 2024; 47:207-219. [PMID: 37698804 PMCID: PMC10944429 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The identification of variables which facilitate good quality and quantity sleep represents an important step in tackling the current global sleep loss epidemic. Previous research has established links between good sleep and the positive psychological traits of mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude and optimism. However, studies have typically focused on single traits, limiting understanding of their collective and independent associations. The two studies reported here address this gap by exploring the combined and unique contributions of mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude and optimism to sleep; Study 2 further investigated emotion regulation as a common underlying mechanism. Participants in both studies (Study 1 N = 268; Study 2 N = 333) completed online questionnaires assessing the four positive psychological traits and sleep quality and quantity; participants in Study 2 also completed measures of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation. Multiple regression analyses revealed that mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude and optimism collectively accounted for 24.96% (Study 1) and 15.81% (Study 2) of the variance in overall sleep quality and quantity. Optimism and mindfulness emerged as significant linear predictors in their own right, with higher levels of optimism and mindfulness respectively being associated with better sleep. Study 2 further identified maladaptive emotion regulation as a common mediating mechanism. Findings highlight the importance of positive psychological traits in relation to sleep and indicate that optimism and mindfulness might make unique contributions to the prediction of sleep outcomes. Findings also flag emotion regulation as a potential common mediator of associations between positive psychological traits and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber F Tout
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, BN1 9QH, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Donna C Jessop
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, BN1 9QH, Falmer, Brighton, UK.
| | - Eleanor Miles
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, BN1 9QH, Falmer, Brighton, UK
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3
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Nawa NE, Yamagishi N. Distinct associations between gratitude, self-esteem, and optimism with subjective and psychological well-being among Japanese individuals. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:130. [PMID: 38454459 PMCID: PMC10918921 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence suggests that the effectiveness of positive psychology interventions is influenced by a variety of factors, including cultural context. Identifying intervention targets that can effectively contribute to improving individual well-being under these boundary conditions is a crucial step when developing viable interventions. To this end, we examined how gratitude disposition, self-esteem, and optimism relate to the subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) of Japanese individuals. METHODS Multivariate regression analysis was employed to quantify the unique relationships between the three potential intervention targets and both SWB and PWB, while accounting for the influence of other variables. Participants (N = 71) also engaged in a 4-week experience sampling study to explore how gratitude, self-esteem and optimism shape the link between momentary affective states in everyday life and evaluations of day satisfaction. RESULTS Multivariate regression analysis revealed that self-esteem was predominantly more strongly associated with SWB compared to gratitude disposition, whereas gratitude disposition was more strongly associated with the PWB dimensions, particularly personal growth, positive relations with others and purpose in life. Experience sampling data indicated that while both gratitude disposition and self-esteem moderated the association between momentary positive affect and day satisfaction evaluations, they did so in opposite ways; greater gratitude disposition strengthened the association, while greater self-esteem weakened it. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the current results suggest that while gratitude, self-esteem, and optimism influence individual well-being as a whole, they likely play distinct roles in facilitating SWB and PWB in the studied cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Eiji Nawa
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Advanced ICT Research Institute, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontiers Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Noriko Yamagishi
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Advanced ICT Research Institute, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- College of Global Liberal Arts, Ritsumeikan University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-8570, Japan
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Wnuk M, Krentzman AR, Charzyńska E. The 12-Step Pathway to Spiritual Growth and Gratitude and Its Relationship With Well-Being Among the Members of Sexaholics Anonymous in Poland. J Relig Health 2024; 63:370-392. [PMID: 37653184 PMCID: PMC10861752 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the well-established role of mutual-aid groups in addiction treatment, no research has yet explored the role of the 12-step pathway in spiritual growth and gratitude, or its direct and indirect relationships with well-being among individuals with compulsive sexual behavior disorders (CSBD). The purpose of the current study was to examine the number of 12 steps completed as an antecedent of spiritual growth and gratitude and its relationship with well-being among members of Sexaholics Anonymous (SA). The sample consisted of 80 individuals (72 men and 8 women) attending SA meetings in Poland. The study variables were measured using the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale, Gratitude Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and a single question regarding the number of 12 steps completed. A path analysis showed that the number of 12 steps completed was negatively and directly related to negative affect. Moreover, the number of 12 steps completed was related to higher spiritual growth, which was directly related to higher levels of life satisfaction and lower levels of negative affect, and indirectly, through gratitude, to higher levels of life satisfaction and positive affect. The results suggest that spiritual growth, rooted in the 12-step program, and its ability to increase gratitude, may promote recovery from CSBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wnuk
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Szamarzewskiego 89/AB, 60-568, Poznań, Poland
| | - Amy R Krentzman
- School of Social Work, University of Minnesota, 1404 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Edyta Charzyńska
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Institute of Pedagogy, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 12, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
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Rodrigues GA, Obeldobel CA, Kochendorfer LB, Brumariu LE, Fareri DS, Kerns KA. Parent-Child Attachment Security and Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescence: The Mediating Roles of Gratitude and Forgiveness. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:262-273. [PMID: 35852736 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although greater parent-child attachment security is linked with children's lower levels of depressive symptoms, little research has evaluated potential explanatory mechanisms. We investigated whether dispositional gratitude and interpersonal forgiveness explain the relation between attachment security with parents and early adolescents' depressive symptoms. Early adolescents (N = 105; M age = 12.3 years; 51% girls) completed questionnaires assessing their attachment security to mother and father figures, depressive symptoms, and dispositional gratitude, and an interview assessing interpersonal forgiveness. Results revealed that greater attachment security to mothers and fathers was associated with fewer depressive symptoms and greater levels of dispositional gratitude and interpersonal forgiveness. Further, dispositional gratitude and interpersonal forgiveness were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Dispositional gratitude emerged as a mediator between attachment security with each parent and depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that greater parent-child security may promote early adolescents' appreciation of positive events, which in turn may relate to fewer depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Rodrigues
- Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, 158 Cambridge Ave, 11530, Garden City, NY, USA.
| | - Carli A Obeldobel
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Logan B Kochendorfer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences, Rockhurst University, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Laura E Brumariu
- Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, 158 Cambridge Ave, 11530, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Dominic S Fareri
- Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, 158 Cambridge Ave, 11530, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn A Kerns
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Al Boukhary R, Hallit R, Postigo A, Malaeb D, Dabbous M, Sakr F, El Khatib S, Fekih-Romdhane F, Hallit S, Obeid S. The effect of gratitude on death anxiety is fully mediated by optimism in Lebanese adults following the 2023 earthquake. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:2. [PMID: 38167169 PMCID: PMC10759689 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring the levels of death anxiety and factors that can undermine its impact are crucial for the Lebanese nationals. Even though studies have shown various relationships between death anxiety and several factors, very few to no research has been done to show the relationship of death anxiety, gratitude and optimism. Therefore, the objectives of our study were to assess the mediating role of optimism in the association between gratitude and death anxiety, along with investigating the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the Death Anxiety Scale. METHODS A one-time-point online survey was conducted among Arabic-speaking community adults from the general population of Lebanon (N = 601; mean age 29.91 ± 12.61; 62.7% females). The following scales were used: Scale of Death Anxiety, Optimism-Pessimism Short Scale-2, and Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form. RESULTS The results of the mediation analysis showed that optimism fully mediated the association between gratitude and death anxiety. Higher gratitude was significantly associated with more optimism; higher optimism was significantly associated with less death anxiety. Finally, higher gratitude was not directly associated with death anxiety. CONCLUSION Our study reveals the relationship between gratitude and death anxiety and the mediating role of optimism. Our results need to be confirmed in a longitudinal study, but point to the importance of assessing optimism in prevention and management of persons with death anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Al Boukhary
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, P.O. Box 446, Lebanon
| | - Rabih Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, P.O. Box 446, Lebanon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Bellevue Medical Center, Mansourieh, Lebanon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Notre Dame des Secours, University Hospital Center, Byblos, Postal code 3, Lebanon
| | - Alvaro Postigo
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam Dabbous
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Sakr
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- École Doctorale Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Sami El Khatib
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Hawally, Kuwait
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, P.O. Box 446, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon.
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Chen C, Okubo R, Hagiwara K, Mizumoto T, Nakagawa S, Tabuchi T. The association of positive emotions with absenteeism and presenteeism in Japanese workers. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:319-324. [PMID: 37844779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative emotions such as depression have been associated with increased absenteeism and presenteeism, contributing to substantial economic loss. However, no study has investigated if positive emotions such as happiness influence absenteeism and presenteeism. METHODS Using data from the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS), a nationwide survey conducted in September-October 2022 (n = 19,214), we investigated if two major, representative positive emotions (happiness and gratitude) are associated with absenteeism and presenteeism. Absenteeism was defined as reporting more than one day of sick leave in the past one month. Presenteeism was measured with the Work Functioning Impairment Scale. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios. RESULTS 12.4 % and 21.8 % of subjects reported absenteeism and presenteeism, respectively. Logistic regression estimated that after adjusting covariates, happiness was associated with lower odds of absenteeism (OR = 0.792, 95 % CI [0.706, 0.888]) and presenteeism (OR = 0.531, 95 % CI [0.479, 0.588]) while gratitude was associated with lower odds of presenteeism only (OR = 0.705, 95 % CI [0.643, 0.774]). Furthermore, simultaneous presence of both happiness and gratitude was associated with further lower odds of presenteeism (OR = 0.385, 95%CI [0.338, 0.439]), indicating a synergetic relation. DISCUSSION This study is the first to investigate the association between positive emotions and absenteeism and presenteeism. Given the substantial economic loss due to absenteeism and presenteeism, strategies to enhance positive emotions are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
| | - Ryo Okubo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Obihiro Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hagiwara
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mizumoto
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shin Nakagawa
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Poncin E, Bovet E, Tamches E, Cantin B, Pralong J, Althaus B, Borasio GD, Bernard M. 'Thank you for loving me': A qualitative study on perceptions of gratitude and their effects in palliative care patients and relatives. Palliat Med 2024; 38:110-120. [PMID: 37942575 PMCID: PMC10798025 DOI: 10.1177/02692163231207495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empirical studies suggest that gratitude positively influence the quality of life of palliative patients and relatives. However, the literature is marked by a lack of conceptual clarity about what gratitude is and whether it can bring about individual and social benefits. AIM This paper explores how palliative care patients and relatives understand gratitude, how discursive representations of gratitude may affect their positions, perceptions and relations, and how to conceptualise gratitude in the palliative context. DESIGN We examine 33 gratitude letters written by patients and relatives and 25 semi-structured interviews conducted as part of a pilot gratitude intervention study. We use a qualitative approach, thematic analysis, within a conceptual framework of discourse analysis. SETTINGS/PARTICIPANTS Data were collected from 23 patients and 13 relatives recruited through three hospital palliative care services in French-speaking Switzerland. RESULTS Participants articulate gratitude in five ways: (1) appreciating others; (2) love; (3) need to reciprocate; (4) appreciating the little things; (5) solace amid serious illness. While some of these representations are sources of positive emotions and outlook, wellbeing and hope, others may confirm self-perceptions of powerlessness and burden. These results support a tridimensional conceptualisation of gratitude in palliative care as source of individual benefits, valuing closest relationships and moral obligation. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that gratitude is a key to a good (end of) life, whilst highlighting potential negative effects. It could help healthcare professionals to better understand what gratitude means to patients and relatives, which may facilitate awareness and fostering of gratitude in palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Poncin
- Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Bovet
- Haute École de Santé Vaud (HESAV), Haute école spécialisée de Suisse occidentale (HES-SO), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Tamches
- Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Boris Cantin
- Palliative Care Center, Fribourg Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Betty Althaus
- Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Gian Domenico Borasio
- Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Bernard
- Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
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Li S, Liu J, Pan Y, Chen X. The Longitudinal Relationship between Parent-Child Attachment and Adolescents' Gratitude: The Mediating Role of Perceived Parental Communal Strength. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:2661-2671. [PMID: 37679530 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has found a significant association between parent-child attachment and gratitude, while the directionality of this association and its potential mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined the longitudinal associations between parent-child attachment, gratitude, and perceived parental communal strength, which is adolescents' perception of their parents' willingness to make sacrifices to provide care and meet their needs. A total of 1348 adolescents and one of their parents (Mage = 12.96, SD = 0.70 years; 51.3% girls) participated in this three-wave study, with a six-month lag. The results of the cross-lagged panel models showed that attachment anxiety and avoidance negatively predicted adolescents' gratitude after six months. Perceived parental communal strength mediated the longitudinal effects of attachment anxiety and avoidance on gratitude. However, the impact of gratitude on perceived parental communal strength and parent-child attachment was non-significant. The findings suggest that adolescents with insecure parent-child attachment have negative perceptions of their parents, which could contribute to their lack of gratitude. Adolescents' negative perceptions of their parents are crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying the lack of gratitude observed in adolescents with insecure parent-child attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Yangu Pan
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Eyni S, Hashemi Z, Mousavi SE, Taghavi R. Spirituality, Trait Gratitude, and Post-Traumatic Growth in Iranian Veterans with PTSD: The Mediating Role of Ego Resilience. J Relig Health 2023; 62:4072-4087. [PMID: 36670213 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In Iran, spirituality is one of the most critical factors affecting veterans' health. The present study aimed to determine the mediating role of ego resilience in the relationship between spirituality and trait gratitude with post-traumatic growth in Iranian veterans with PTSD. In the present descriptive and correlational study, 300 veterans with PTSD were hospitalized and treated at Isar Psychiatric Hospital in Ardabil in 2021 and were selected as the sample. Data were collected using Tedeschi and Calhoun's Traumatic Developmental Questionnaire, Parsian and Dunning, Mc Cullough et al.'s Trait Gratitude Questionnaire, and Block et al.'s Ego Resilience Questionnaire. Based on the obtained results and various fit indices, the direct and indirect relationships between spirituality, trait gratitude, ego resilience, and post-traumatic growth in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder were confirmed (p < 0.01). Also, spirituality and trait gratitude through ego resilience indirectly affected the post-traumatic growth of veterans with PTSD (P < 0.05). Thus, targeting these three components through psychological therapies may effectively increase post-traumatic growth in veterans experiencing trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Eyni
- Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Hashemi
- Department of Psychology, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Seyede Elham Mousavi
- Department of Educational Science, Psychological Counseling and Guidance Branch, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ramin Taghavi
- Psychiatric Ward, Isar Psychiatric Hospital, Ardabil, Iran
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11
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Makhmur S, Rath S. Effectiveness of Gratitude Therapy in Diabetes Management: A Qualitative Study. Health Psychol Res 2023; 11:88400. [PMID: 37841339 PMCID: PMC10575901 DOI: 10.52965/001c.88400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study involves a Qualitative research design. The study intends to assess the effectiveness of interventions on the diabetic participants. In the present study, four participants screened with high perceived stress, moderate depression, poor sense of gratitude, were selected. The study consisted of three successive phases such as baseline assessment, intervention, and follow-up. Pre-test and Post-test design were adopted. Qualitative data were expressed as percentages, and Schwartz and Blanchard's technique was administered. Participants have shown improvement in positive dimension scores and there is reduction in negative dimension scores. Blood glucose level readings are also marked before, during, and after the intervention. Participants are found to control their blood glucose level, but the change in the glucose level is not clinically significant.
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Leavy B, O'Connell BH, O'Shea D. Heart rate reactivity mediates the relationship between trait gratitude and acute myocardial infarction. Biol Psychol 2023; 183:108663. [PMID: 37619812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the relationship between trait gratitude and acute myocardial infarction. A burgeoning body of literature suggests that gratitude can play a role in regulating individual's cardiovascular responses to stress which in turn, may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease such as acute myocardial infarction. However, to date no research has examined these effects. METHOD This study used the Mid-Life in the United States dataset (MIDUS; N = 1031) to assess these relationships. Participants completed a standardised cardiovascular stress-testing laboratory protocol and were assessed at a second time-point; on average 6.7 years later. RESULTS Results from logistic parallel mediation models suggest that trait gratitude was found to be significantly associated with reduced risk of acute myocardial infarction through the mechanism of increased heart rate reactivity, β = -0.098, 95%CI [- 0.331, - 0.010]. However, neither systolic nor diastolic blood pressure reactivity mediated this relationship. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that gratitude may be associated with certain aspects of physical health. Specifically, our study reveals a potential link between gratitude and cardiovascular reactivity, which could be a mechanism through which trait gratitude contributes to reductions in the risk of myocardial infarction. As such, this study highlights the potential utility of positive psychological factors, such as gratitude, in promoting cardiovascular health.
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Garg N. Development and Validation of Hindu Gratitude Scale (HGS-15): A Rnas Perspective. J Relig Health 2023; 62:3622-3639. [PMID: 37204652 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have proposed culture- and religion-based variations in experience and expression of gratitude. Accordingly, the present study developed and validated a Hindu Gratitude Scale (HGS) based on Hindu notion of rnas. The rnas are sacred obligations (duties) that every Hindu is supposed to fulfil during their lifetime. These pious obligations are practised to acknowledge, honour, and appreciate others' contribution in one's life. These five holy duties are Pitṛ-yajna, Bhūta-yajna, Manuṣya-yajna, Deva-yajna, and Brahma-yajna. The study started with rnas-based conceptualisation of gratitude followed by item generation using both inductive and deductive approaches. These statements were subjected to content validity and pretesting, which resulted in nineteen items. The psychometric properties of proposed HGS (with nineteen items) were analysed with the help of three studies. The first study evaluated factorial validity of the proposed HGS using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using a sample of 1032 respondents. Poor factor loading in EFA suggested removal of three statements. The EFA recommended five dimensions of the HGS-appreciation for family, ancestors, and cultural values (AFF), appreciation for family, ancestors, and cultural values (AFF), appreciation for God, appreciation for knowledge, skills, and talents, and appreciation for ecosystem. Further, CFA also suggested removal of one statement. Lastly, the EFA and CFA result suggested adequate factorial validity of a fifteen-itemed five-factored HGS. The second study examined the reliability and validity of the HGS derived from CFA with the help of a sample of 644 participants. And, in the third study, the test-retest reliability was investigated by collecting the data twice. The results revealed significant positive correlations in two sets of data, thereby concluding test-retest reliability of the HGS. The study offered a novel fifteen-item Hindu Gratitude Scale, which could be used in future studies to explore gratitude level of Hindus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naval Garg
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India.
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14
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Jeon SE, Ryu S, Lee JY, Kim JM, Kim SW, Kang YS. The Effect of Fear of COVID-19 Infection and Anxiety on Loneliness: Moderated Mediation Effects of Gratitude. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:870-879. [PMID: 37794669 PMCID: PMC10555511 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to identify factors related to loneliness during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and focused on how the fear of COVID-19 infection affects loneliness and the conditional effect of gratitude as a moderator in the relationship among the fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and loneliness. METHODS For the analysis of this study, a survey was conducted among 1,500 individuals aged 19 to 69 years living in three metropolitan areas in South Korea. Questionnaires included sociodemographic data, psychological experience and stress associated with COVID-19, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, UCLA Loneliness Scale-3, and Gratitude Questionnaire-6. An analysis was conducted by applying SPSS PROCESS macro models 4 and 7. RESULTS First, anxiety mediated the relationship between the fear of COVID-19 infection and loneliness. Second, the effect of the fear of COVID-19 infection on loneliness through anxiety was moderated by gratitude. The higher the gratitude, the more the fear of COVID-19 infection is buffered in the path to anxiety, and the lower the indirect effect on loneliness. CONCLUSION This suggests that in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, interventions for psychological problems such as anxiety and loneliness can be carried out through gratitude, a significant protective variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Eun Jeon
- Department of Psychology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyong Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Mindlink, Gwangju Bukgu Mental Health Center, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shin Kang
- Department of Psychology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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15
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Amonoo HL, Lam JA, Daskalakis E, Deary EC, Celano C, Onyeaka HK, Newcomb R, Barata A, Horick N, Cutler C, Pirl WF, Lee SJ, Huffman JC, El-Jawahri A. Positive Psychological Well-Being in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Survivors. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:583.e1-583.e9. [PMID: 37442349 PMCID: PMC10529897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Positive thoughts and emotions contribute to overall psychological health in diverse medical populations, including patients undergoing HSCT. However, few studies have described positive psychological well-being (eg, optimism, gratitude, flourishing) in patients undergoing HSCT using well-established, validated patient-reported outcome measures. We conducted cross-sectional secondary analyses of baseline data in 156 patients at 100 days post-HSCT enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a psychological intervention (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05147311) and a prospective study assessing medication adherence at a tertiary care academic cancer center from September 2021 to December 2022. We used descriptive statistics to outline participant reports of positive psychological well-being (PPWB) using validated measures for optimism, gratitude, positive affect, life satisfaction, and flourishing. The participants had a mean age of 57.4 ± 13.1 years, and 51% were male (n = 79). Many, but not all, participants reported high levels of PPWB (ie, optimism, gratitude, positive affect, life satisfaction, and flourishing), defined as agreement with items on a given PPWB measure. For example, for optimism, 29% of participants did not agree that "overall, I expect more good things to happen to me than bad." Aside from life satisfaction, mean PPWB scores were higher in the HSCT population than in other illness populations. Although many patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing HSCT report high levels of PPWB, a substantial minority of patients reported low PPWB (i.e., no agreement with items on a given PPWB measure). Because PPWB is associated with important clinical outcomes in medical populations, further research should determine whether an intervention to promote PPWB can improve quality of life in HSCT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermioni L Amonoo
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jeffrey A Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Emma C Deary
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Celano
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henry K Onyeaka
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Newcomb
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna Barata
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nora Horick
- Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Mass General Hospital Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Corey Cutler
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William F Pirl
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie J Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeff C Huffman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Areej El-Jawahri
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Gao B, Xu Y, Bai L, Luo G, Li W. More grateful, less addicted! Understanding how gratitude affects online gaming addiction among Chinese college students: a three-wave multiple mediation model. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:241. [PMID: 37612743 PMCID: PMC10464361 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online game addiction has become a prominent public concern, particularly among emerging adults, warranting in-depth investigation. Despite prior cross-sectional research indicating a negative correlation between gratitude and online gaming addiction, a dearth of longitudinal research exists in this area. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms that explain the link between gratitude and online gaming addiction remain poorly understood, highlighting a critical research gap in the field. METHODS To bridge this gap, our study adopted a three-wave longitudinal design and constructed a multiple mediation model. Over the course of one year, data was collected from a sample of Chinese undergraduates, with 319 students participating at Time 1, 305 at Time 2, and 292 at Time 3. Participants were administered online self-report surveys, enabling the acquisition of valuable data regarding their levels of gratitude, online game addiction, self-control, and loneliness. RESULTS The findings revealed a negative correlation between gratitude measured at Time 1 and online game addiction assessed at Time 3. Further analysis demonstrated that both self-control and loneliness played multiple mediating roles at Time 2 in the link between gratitude and online game addiction. CONCLUSION These research findings shed light on the underlying mechanisms between gratitude and online game addiction, which provide implications for developing interventions (e.g., interventions based on gratitude) for reducing young adults' online game addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Gao
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Lu Bai
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Gui Luo
- Mental Health Center, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Weiyi Li
- School of Business Administration, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
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17
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Zhang L, Roslan S, Zaremohzzabieh Z, Liu K, Tang X, Jiang Y, Mohamad Z. A serial mediation model of negative life events on school adjustment of left-behind adolescents in rural china: the central role of hope and gratitude. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:588. [PMID: 37580685 PMCID: PMC10426169 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjustment difficulties of school students are common and their school adjustment has gained wide concern in recent years. Negative life events (NLEs) hope, and gratitude have been associated with school adjustment. However, the potential effect of NLEs on hope and gratitude and whether hope and gratitude mediate the association between NLEs and school adjustment among high students have not been studied. Thus, this study aims to investigate the association between NLEs, hope and gratitude, and school adjustment in high school students in China. Additionally, the study aims to examine the mediating role of hope and gratitude in the association between NLEs and school adjustment. A total of 700 junior high school students in Guangxi Province (336 boys, 364 girls, M age = 15 years) completed the questionnaire. The results indicated significant mediating effects of hope and gratitude in the sequential positive association between NLEs and school adjustment. Furthermore, this study unraveled the complexity of the link between NLEs and school adjustment with the combination of hope and gratitude. The findings emphasized the importance of fostering hope and gratitude in left-behind adolescents to combat the negative consequences of NLEs. The study is also one of the first to investigate a serial mediation model to determine which NLEs influence Chinese left-behind adolescents' school adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyuci Zhang
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Education and Music, Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899 China
| | - Samsilah Roslan
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zeinab Zaremohzzabieh
- Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Kexin Liu
- Youth League Committee, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Xing Tang
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Nanning College For Vocational Technology, Nanning, 530008 China
- Faculty of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, 35900 Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yuqin Jiang
- Department of Education and Music, Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899 China
- Faculty of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, 35900 Perak, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Mohamad
- Pusat Pengajian Citra Universiti, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
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18
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Ryu S, Kim JW, Lee JY, Kang YS, Shin HY, Jung SI, Kim JM, Kim SW. Psychological and Personality Characteristics Associated With COVID-19 Vaccination Behavior in Korean General Population. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e234. [PMID: 37527911 PMCID: PMC10396430 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study characterized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination behavior in the Korean general population using cluster analysis and explored related psychological factors. METHODS We categorized 1,500 individuals based on their attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination using hierarchical clustering and identified their level of vaccine acceptance. We examined the associations between vaccine acceptance and behavioral and psychological characteristics. RESULTS Clustering revealed three groups according to vaccine acceptance: 'totally accepting' (n = 354, 23.6%), 'somewhat accepting' (n = 523, 34.9%), and 'reluctant' (n = 623, 41.5%). Approximately 60% of all participants who belonged to the 'totally accepting' and 'somewhat accepting' groups were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine despite concerns about its side effects. High vaccine acceptance was associated with older age, regular influenza vaccination, and trust in formal sources of information. Participants with high vaccine acceptance had higher levels of gratitude, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, and lower levels of depression, anxiety, and neuroticism. CONCLUSIONS People weighed the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination against the risk of side effects when deciding to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Our findings also indicate that this vaccination behavior may be affected by coping mechanisms and psychological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyong Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Shin Kang
- Department of Psychology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hee-Young Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sook-In Jung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Mindlink, Gwangju Bukgu Mental Health Center, Gwangju, Korea.
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19
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Kearns PO, Schaffer EB. Saying thanks and meaning it: Expressing gratitude for social gain. Int J Psychol 2023. [PMID: 37132074 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
People sometimes give thanks as a true expression of their feeling but also sometimes because they know gratitude expression helps to make a certain social impression. That is, some gratitude is expressed because of intrinsic motivations or extrinsic motivations. Such motivations affect the outcomes of behaviour. The present work assessed gratitude, trait tendency to manage socially desirable expressions and well-being across two studies (combined n = 398). Motivations to express gratitude were also measured and impression management goals were manipulated in Study 2. Results show that gratitude expression is highest when people want to make a good impression and extrinsic motives to express gratitude can moderate the relationship between gratitude and well-being. Implications for the measurement of gratitude and theoretical understanding of gratitude's social function are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter O Kearns
- Psychology Department, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, USA
| | - Emily B Schaffer
- Psychology Department, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, USA
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20
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Oh VYS, Tong EMW. Mixed emotional variants of gratitude: antecedent situations, cognitive appraisals, action tendencies, and psychosocial outcomes. Cogn Emot 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37104119 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2205104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
This research provides an exploratory investigation of whether gift/help-receiving contexts that elicit mixed emotional variants of gratitude can be distinguished from typical gratitude-eliciting situations in their associated appraisals, action tendencies, and psychosocial effects. We examined 473 participants (159 males, 312 females, 2 others; Mage = 31.07) using a one-way four-conditions between-subjects experiment. Participants were randomly assigned to complete recall tasks describing four different gratitude-eliciting situations. Emotions, cognitive appraisals, action tendencies, and general psychosocial outcomes were assessed. Relative to a control condition involving receiving a gift or help (gift/help condition), receiving something at the expense of a benefactor (benefactor-inconvenience condition) elicited gratitude-guilt; receiving something with an expectation of return (return-favour condition) elicited gratitude-disappointment and gratitude-anger; while receiving a disliked gift or receiving assistance that made things worse (backfire condition) primarily elicited gratitude-disappointment while also eliciting gratitude-anger and gratitude-guilt. Each condition was differentiable from control in their appraisals, action tendencies, and psychosocial effects. Notably, contexts which elicited mixed emotional variants of gratitude were characterised by the co-occurrence of conflicting appraisals such as pleasantness and unpleasantness or goal-congruence and goal-incongruence. Additionally, the return-favour and backfire conditions were most dissimilar from control, and were associated with the most negative action tendencies and psychosocial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Y S Oh
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Humanities and Behavioural Sciences, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eddie M W Tong
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Confino D, Einav M, Margalit M. Post-traumatic Growth: The Roles of the Sense of Entitlement, Gratitude and hope. Int J Appl Posit Psychol 2023; 8:1-13. [PMID: 37361623 PMCID: PMC10136378 DOI: 10.1007/s41042-023-00102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
People believe that they are entitled to well-being and safety, and their responses to unexpected traumatic events reveal individual differences. Their reactions vary, from feeling blocked and distressed to feeling proactive towards new growth, depending on their personal resources. The current study sought to identify the role of entitlement in explaining post-traumatic growth (PTG) while considering the role of gratitude and hope as personal resources. We used a community-based sample of Israeli adults (n = 182) who reported experiencing a traumatic event during the preceding year. The relationships between PTG and their sense of entitlement, gratitude, and hope were examined. A stepwise multiple hierarchical regression revealed that all the three variables were associated with PTG. However, the effect of hope turned insignificant with the inclusion of sense of entitlement and gratitude in the regression. Sense of entitlement and gratitude were independently associated with PTG. The theoretical contribution of these findings is discussed, as well as their interventional implications and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Confino
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Menad institute - Lod, Lod, Israel
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22
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Bernard M, Poncin E, Bovet E, Tamches E, Cantin B, Pralong J, Borasio GD. Giving and receiving thanks: a mixed methods pilot study of a gratitude intervention for palliative patients and their carers. BMC Palliat Care 2023; 22:52. [PMID: 37101149 PMCID: PMC10134658 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-023-01172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological research examining the nature and workings of gratitude has burgeoned over the past two decades. However, few studies have considered gratitude in the palliative care context. Based on an exploratory study which found that gratitude was correlated with better quality of life and less psychological distress in palliative patients, we designed and piloted a gratitude intervention where palliative patients and a carer of their choice wrote and shared a gratitude letter with each other. The aims of this study are to establish the feasibility and acceptability of our gratitude intervention and provide a preliminary assessment of its effects. METHODS This pilot intervention study adopted a mixed-methods, concurrent nested, pre-post evaluation design. To assess the intervention's effects, we employed quantitative questionnaires on quality of life, quality of relationship, psychological distress, and subjective burden, as well as semi-structured interviews. To assess feasibility, we considered patients and carers' eligibility, participation and attrition rates, reasons for refusal to participate, appropriateness of intervention timeframe, modalities of participation, and barriers and facilitators. Acceptability was assessed through post-intervention satisfaction questionnaires. RESULTS Thirty-nine participants completed the intervention and twenty-nine participated in interviews. We did not find any statistically significant pre/post intervention changes for patients, but found significant decrease in psychological distress for carers in terms of depression (median = 3 at T0, 1.5 at T1, p = .034) and total score (median = 13 at T0, 7.5 at T1, p = .041). Thematic analysis of interviews indicates that overall, the intervention had: (1) multiple positive outcomes for over a third of interviewees, in the form of positive emotional, cognitive, and relational effects; (2) single positive outcomes for nearly half of interviewees, who experienced emotional or cognitive effects; (3) no effect on two patients; and (4) negative emotional effects on two patients. Feasibility and acceptability indicators suggest that the intervention was well received by participants, and that it should adopt flexible modalities (e.g. writing or dictating a gratitude message) to ensure that it is feasible and adapted to individual needs and preferences. CONCLUSIONS Larger scale deployment and evaluation of the gratitude intervention, including a control group, is warranted in order to have a more reliable evaluation of its effectiveness in palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bernard
- Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Av. Pierre-Decker 5, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuelle Poncin
- Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Av. Pierre-Decker 5, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Bovet
- Haute École de Santé Vaud (HESAV), Haute École Spécialisée de Suisse Occidentale (HES-SO), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Tamches
- Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Av. Pierre-Decker 5, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Boris Cantin
- Palliative Care Center, Fribourg Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Gian Domenico Borasio
- Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Av. Pierre-Decker 5, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
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23
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Zeng X, Chen Y, Li Y. Generate Greater Gratitude When Being Help? A Study of the Psychological Mechanism of Gratitude for Chinese Poor College Students. Appl Res Qual Life 2023; 18:1-19. [PMID: 37359218 PMCID: PMC10047468 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-023-10166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese government has invested much money to help poor college students complete their studies, but the gratitude of the recipients remains to be further studied. This study proposed a parallel mediation model and used questionnaires to investigate 260 thousand college students of China to examine the impact of the level of social support on poor college students' gratitude and the mediating role played by social responsibility and relative deprivation. The results showed that social support positively predicted the gratitude level of poor college students; social responsibility and relative deprivation mediated the relationship between social support and gratitude; gender, school type and difficulty level had a significant influence on gratitude level. In short, education to improve the sense of gratitude of poor college students can be summarized as "two increases and one decrease": increase social support, enhance social responsibility, and reduce relative deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zeng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, NO. 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, 330022 Jiangxi China
| | - Yahui Chen
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, NO. 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, 330022 Jiangxi China
| | - Yeqing Li
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, No.3663 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
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24
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Wong YJ. The Catalyst Model of Change: Gratitude Interventions with Positive Long-Term Effects. Affect Sci 2023; 4:152-162. [PMID: 37070004 PMCID: PMC10104986 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
How can gratitude interventions be designed to produce meaningful and enduring effects on people's well-being? To address this question, the author proposes the Catalyst Model of Change-this novel, practical, and empirically testable model posits five socially oriented behavioral pathways that channel the long-term effects of gratitude interventions as well as how to augment gratitude experiences in interventions to boost treatment effects and catalyze these behavioral pathways. Specifically, interventions that enhance the frequency, skills, intensity, temporal span, and variety of gratitude experiences are likely to catalyze the following post-intervention socially oriented behaviors: (a) social support-seeking behaviors, (b) prosocial behaviors, (c) relationship initiation and enhancement behaviors, (d) participation in mastery-oriented social activities, and (e) reduced maladaptive interpersonal behaviors, which, in turn, produce long-term psychological well-being. A unique feature of the Catalyst Model of Change is that gratitude experiences are broadly conceptualized to include not just gratitude emotions, cognitions, and disclosures, but also expressing, receiving, witnessing, and responding to interpersonal gratitude. To this end, gratitude interventions that provide multiple opportunities for social experiences of gratitude (e.g., members expressing gratitude to each other in a group) might offer the greatest promise for fostering durable, positive effects on people's psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Joel Wong
- Counseling & Educational Psychology Department, Indiana University, 201 N. Rose Ave, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA
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25
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Garg N, Mahipalan M, Sharma N. Does workplace toxicity influence turnover intentions among Indian healthcare employees? Investigating the moderating role of gratitude. J Health Organ Manag 2023; ahead-of-print. [PMID: 36733231 DOI: 10.1108/jhom-08-2022-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study examined the relationship between workplace toxicity and turnover intentions among Indian healthcare employees. It also explored the role of gratitude as a moderator in the workplace toxicity-turnover intentions relationship. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The study is based on a cross-sectional research design. The sample comprises 315 employees from the Indian healthcare sector. Approximately, 400 employees are approached both through email and office visits. Responses were received from 336 participants, and 21 incomplete questionnaires were discarded. The relationships between four variables of workplace toxicity and turnover intentions are examined using correlation and hierarchical regression. The moderation effect of gratitude is studied using the PROCESS macro in SPSS 21. FINDINGS The results revealed that workplace toxicity could explain 45.8% variations in employees' turnover intentions. It also reported significant negative regression coefficients between all four dimensions of workplace toxicity and turnover intentions. It suggested that toxic health organizations may promote turnover intentions among healthcare employees. Also, findings recommended a significant moderating effect of gratitude amid the relationships of four dimensions of workplace toxicity and turnover intentions. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Hospital administrators must ensure that health professionals have the necessary support to remain effective in the field by providing a conducive working environment emerging from sound human resource practices that promote respect, collegial relationships, teamwork and collaboration. The present research demonstrates gratitude as one such factor that could act as a catalyst within the workplace. Practitioners could achieve a healthy work environment by developing complementary relief measures that build organizational capacities and improve its culture while sponsoring programs for individual employees that instill positivity through awareness of gratitude in everyday life. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This study offered a comprehensive understanding of workplace toxicity by investigating its four dimensions. Also, it is one of the pioneer studies that evaluate the role of gratitude in restricting workplace toxicity-induced turnover intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naval Garg
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | | | - Nidhi Sharma
- Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Garg N, Sharma N, Burgess J. Three-item loneliness scale: Exploring the psychometric properties in the Indian context. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 80:103323. [PMID: 36434983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the psychometric properties of the three-item loneliness scale (TILS) in the Indian context using two studies. Based on a sample of 570 respondents, the first study recommended the scale's factorial validity. Based on a sample of 534 respondents, the second study confirmed reliability, composite and criterion validity following rigorous statistical processes. The results suggest adequate reliability and validity of the TILS in the Indian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naval Garg
- Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Commerce, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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El Khoury-Malhame M, Rizk R, Joukayem E, Rechdan A, Sawma T. The psychological impact of COVID-19 in a socio-politically unstable environment: protective effects of sleep and gratitude in Lebanese adults. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:14. [PMID: 36658665 PMCID: PMC9851101 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 global pandemic initiated an unprecedented medico-psychological turmoil. Our study investigates the psychological impact of the viral spread and austere lockdown, and focuses mostly on potential protective factors in a politically and economically unstable society. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used to evaluate rates of mental distress in a sample of 348 Lebanese adults. Participants filled questionnaires of perceived stress (PSS), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), PTSD (IES-22), as well as sleep (PSQi) and gratitude (GQ-6) immediately after 3 months of strict quarantine. Demographics included gender, age, employment and infection statuses. Correlations and regression models were used. RESULTS Results indicated a very high prevalence of mental distress, in addition to major alterations in sleep quality and quantity. Younger age and unemployment correlated with more severe symptoms. Sleep was found to be a protective factor against all studied psychological distress, and gratitude further mitigated effects of depression. CONCLUSIONS Mental health significantly degrades post-COVID lockdown, even in the absence of direct viral threat. Yet simple behavioral and cognitive changes like sleep and attitude of gratitude could provide protective factors against these psychological distresses. Such changes should be further explored and advocated as cost-efficient self-care practices to buffer this devastating public health burden, especially in unstable socio-political environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam El Khoury-Malhame
- grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973Department of Social and Education Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana Rizk
- grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon ,INSPECT-LB, (Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Epidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Esperance Joukayem
- grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973Department of Social and Education Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alyssa Rechdan
- grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973Department of Social and Education Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Toni Sawma
- grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973Department of Social and Education Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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El Khoury-Malhame M, Sfeir M, Hallit S, Sawma T. Factors associated with posttraumatic growth: gratitude, PTSD and distress; one year into the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon. Curr Psychol 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36684466 PMCID: PMC9838499 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Almost one year since the COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic, mental distress remains elevated with high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet studies suggest these challenging circumstances might be conducive of post-traumatic growth (PTG). This study aims to investigate the factors associated with growth after the original trauma. A sample of 252 Lebanese adults filled an online survey to determine levels of PTG, PTSD and gratitude using validated self-rating scales. Participants also subjectively evaluated the sources of their distress such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the Beirut port explosion and/or their deteriorating financials. The PTGi-SF evaluated dimensions of growth while the IES-R_22 measured the degree of distress post-trauma. The GQ-6 was used to measure the proneness to experience gratitude daily. Results indicated 41% of participants scored above the cutoff for PTSD symptomatology. Yet, PTSD was positively correlated, alongside gratitude and accumulated subjective distress, with higher levels of PTG. A forward linear regression taking PTG scores as the dependent variable further showed that more gratitude (Beta = 0.57), a higher impact of events (Beta = 0.16), and knowing anyone who died from COVID-19 (Beta = 3.93) were significantly associated with more growth. The study highlights elevated levels of PTSD symptoms in a context of a global pandemic worsened by financial and socio-political instabilities. It mostly identifies personal factors, including high initial symptomatology post-trauma and gratitude, related to the capacity for growth in spite of these accumulating hardships. As such, it advocates the need to investigate and bolster silver linings amidst unprecedented traumas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam El Khoury-Malhame
- Department of Social and Education Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Michel Sfeir
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Toni Sawma
- Department of Social and Education Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Li B, Zhu Q, Li A, Cui R. Can Good Memories of the Past Instill Happiness? Nostalgia Improves Subjective Well-Being by Increasing Gratitude. J Happiness Stud 2023; 24:699-715. [PMID: 36644477 PMCID: PMC9826762 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The positive effect of nostalgia provides an effective way to improve subjective well-being. However, there is little research on the relationship between nostalgia and subjective well-being, especially the mechanism of this link. This study tested the positive effects of nostalgia on emotional well-being (positive affect and negative affect) and cognitive well-being (satisfaction with life) via gratitude. Two experiments were conducted in samples of young adults who were randomized to experimental or control conditions. The analyses involved group comparisons as well as regression-based analyses of mediation. In Experiment 1 (N = 196), we induced nostalgia using a guided autobiographical recall procedure. The nostalgia group had higher positive affect and gratitude, and gratitude partially mediated the association between nostalgia and positive affect. In Experiment 2 (N = 102), we induced nostalgia by showing a nostalgic video from the period when the participants were children. The nostalgia group had higher positive affect and lower negative affect, and gratitude partially mediated these associations. The findings suggest that nostalgia could improve emotional well-being by increasing gratitude, but may not alter cognitive well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Institute for Enterprise Development , Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
- Research Institute on Brand Innovation and Development of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Qin Zhu
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Aimei Li
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Rubo Cui
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
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Leavy B, O'Connell BH, O'Shea D. Gratitude, affect balance, and stress buffering: A growth curve examination of cardiovascular responses to a laboratory stress task. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 183:103-116. [PMID: 36442667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has indicated that gratitude and affect-balance play key stress-buffering roles. However, to date there is limited research on the impact of gratitude and affect balance on cardiovascular recovery from acute psychological stress, and whether affect balance moderates the relationship between gratitude and cardiovascular reactions to acute psychological stress. In this study, 68 adults completed measures of state gratitude, positive and negative affect, and completed a laboratory-based cardiovascular stress-testing protocol. This incorporated a 20-minute acclimatization period, a 10-minute baseline, a 6-minute arithmetic stress task, and an 8-minute recovery period. Mixed-effects growth curve models were fit and the results indicated that state gratitude predicted lower systolic blood pressure responses throughout the stress-testing period. Affect balance was found to moderate the association between state gratitude and diastolic blood pressure responses to stress, amplifying the effects of state gratitude. These findings suggest that state gratitude has a unique stress-buffering effect on both reactions to and recovery from acute psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Leavy
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland.
| | | | - Deirdre O'Shea
- Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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31
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Gerlach C, Baus M, Gianicolo E, Bayer O, Haugen DF, Weber M, Mayland CR; ERANet-LAC CODE Core scientific group. What do bereaved relatives of cancer patients dying in hospital want to tell us? Analysis of free-text comments from the International Care of the Dying Evaluation (i-CODE) survey: a mixed methods approach. Support Care Cancer 2022; 31:81. [PMID: 36562882 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted an international survey of bereaved relatives of cancer patients dying in hospitals in seven countries, with the aim to assess and improve the quality of care. The survey used the i-CODE (International Care of the Dying Evaluation) questionnaire. Here, we report findings from the free-text comments submitted with the questionnaires. We explored for topic areas which would potentially be important for improving the quality of care. Further, we examined who reported free-texts and in what way, to reduce bias without ignoring the function the free-texts may have for those contributing. METHODS We used a combined qualitative-quantitative approach: logistic regression analysis to study the effect of respondents' socio-demographic characteristics on the probability of free-texts contributions and thematic analysis to understand the free-text meaning. The primary survey outcomes, (1) how frequently the dying person was treated with dignity and respect and (2) support for the relative, were related to free-text content. RESULTS In total, 914 questionnaires were submitted; 457/914 (50%) contained free-text comments. We found no socio-demographic differences between the respondents providing free-texts and those who did not. We discovered different types of free-texts ("feedback," "narrative," "self-revelation") containing themes of which "continuity of care," "the one person who can make a difference," and "the importance of being a companion to the dying" represent care dimensions supplementing the questionnaire items. A free-text type of grateful feedback was associated with well perceived support for the relative. CONCLUSION Bereaved relatives used the free-texts to report details related to i-CODE items and to dimensions otherwise not represented. They highlighted the importance of the perceived support from human interaction between staff and the dying patient and themselves; and that more than professional competence alone, personal, meaningful interactions have profound importance.
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Curlee MS, McIntosh E, Ahrens AH. What is gratitude without a benefactor? A daily diary approach. Cogn Emot 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36576778 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2162005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
"Gratitude" has multiple meanings. One distinction is between gratitude with and without a benefactor. This paper presents two daily diary studies examining the experience of gratitude without a benefactor. In the first, some participants wrote each day about something good caused by someone else whereas others wrote about something good caused neither by self nor other. In the second, all participants wrote each day about something good caused neither by self nor other. Both studies included a novel measure of gratitude designed to distinguish gratitude with and without a benefactor. Across both studies, participants reported feeling gratitude even without a benefactor, and the novel measure of gratitude predicted daily gratitude even after controlling for other gratitude measures. In study 2, participants reported that benefactorless gratitude made them feel the motivational goals of being more obligated, spiritual, resourceful, indebted, generous, celebratory and wanting to help someone else, even after controlling for joy. Some analyses suggest that gratitude with a benefactor is particularly associated with obligation. For instance, in study 1, daily gratitude with a benefactor was more related to obligation than gratitude without a benefactor. These studies suggest that distinctions between gratitude with versus without a benefactor warrant continued exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth McIntosh
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, USA.,Mental Health Center of Boulder County, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Anthony H Ahrens
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
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Gómez Y, Carrillo S, Ingram GP, Tangarife MA, Robles D, Ibarra MC, Morgan B. The Multi-Component Gratitude Measure in Spanish for youth: An adaptation of the MCGM in Colombia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12560. [PMID: 36619444 PMCID: PMC9813725 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the psychometric properties of the Multi-Component Gratitude Measure (MCGM), in Spanish with a sample of Colombian children. The sample was composed of 540 schoolchildren between 8-12 years old (265 females, mean age 10.04 years; 75 males, mean age 10.08 years). The MCGM aims to examine more comprehensively the moral virtue of gratitude as a construct with 3 components (emotional, conative/attitudinal, and behavioral) distributed across 6 subscales. We translated the MCGM into Spanish and validated the factor structure in a principal component analysis, basing the analysis on the 6 subscales. We corroborated that gratitude can be understood as a complex, multi-component construct from children's perspectives. Overall, the MCGM subscales showed good reliability coefficients between 0.7 and 0.9. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a 4-factor model structure (obtained in the PCA) presented the best-adjusted fit indices. Factor 1 represented the feelings subscale, factor 2 represented the attitudinal component, and factors 3 and 4 the behavioral component. Convergent validity was evaluated with other instruments of gratitude, along with additional variables including positive emotion, prosocial behavior and wellbeing, in a subsample of 210 children. Multiple sources of evidence indicate that the translated and validated measure, the MCGM-Spanish Youth (MCGM-SY), is an instrument with good reliability and validity for measuring gratitude in Spanish-speaking children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Gómez
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia,Corresponding author.
| | - Sonia Carrillo
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Daniela Robles
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Blaire Morgan
- Department of Psychology, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
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Abel JE, Vani P, Abi-Esber N, Blunden H, Schroeder J. Kindness in short supply: Evidence for inadequate prosocial input. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 48:101458. [PMID: 36150361 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In everyday life, people often have opportunities to improve others' lives, whether offering well-intentioned advice or complimenting someone on a job well done. These are opportunities to provide "prosocial input" (information intended to benefit others), including feedback, advice, compliments, and expressions of gratitude. Despite widespread evidence that giving prosocial input can improve the well-being of both givers and recipients, people sometimes hesitate to offer their input. The current paper documents when and why people fail to give prosocial input, noting that potential givers overestimate the costs of doing so (e.g., making recipients uncomfortable) and underestimate the benefits (e.g., being helpful) for at least four psychological reasons. Unfortunately, the reluctance to give prosocial input results in a short supply of kindness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Preeti Vani
- Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, USA
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Ding K, Liu J. Comparing gratitude and pride: evidence from brain and behavior. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2022; 22:1199-214. [PMID: 35437682 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gratitude and pride are both positive emotions. Yet gratitude motivates people to help others and build up relationships, whereas pride motivates people to pursue achievements and build on self-esteem. Although these social outcomes are crucial for humans to be evolutionarily adaptive, no study so far has systematically compared gratitude and pride to understand why and how they can motivate humans differently. In this review, we compared gratitude and pride from their etymologies, cognitive prerequisites, motivational functions, and brain regions involved. By integrating the evidence from brain and behavior, we suggest that gratitude and pride share a common reward basis, yet gratitude is more related to theory of mind, while pride is more related to self-referential processing. Moreover, we proposed a cognitive neuroscientific model to explain the dynamics in gratitude and pride under a reinforcement learning framework.
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36
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Bridger E, Lally H. Rewarding valuable services and altruistic motives: gratitude and pay for essential workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. J Soc Psychol 2022:1-17. [PMID: 36401539 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2144708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two studies examine whether a social-cognitive model of appraisal predicts gratitude toward workers deemed "essential" by the UK government during the Covid-19 response. Gratitude was predicted by appraisals of how essential work was, how costly and whether workers were contributing out of a genuine desire to help, and in turn predicted judgments of how much workers should earn. In a second experimental study support is found for the novel prediction that gratitude is systematically higher for lower-paid workers. The data extends the model and applies it to self-reported gratitude toward remote and unidentified workers during a period of crisis.
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Walsh LC, Regan A, Twenge JM, Lyubomirsky S. What is the Optimal Way to Give Thanks? Comparing the Effects of Gratitude Expressed Privately, One-to-One via Text, or Publicly on Social Media. Affect Sci 2022; 4:82-91. [PMID: 36246532 PMCID: PMC9551243 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Numerous investigations to date have established the benefits of expressing gratitude for improved psychological well-being and interpersonal relationships. Nevertheless, the social dynamics of gratitude remain understudied. Do the effects of gratitude differ when it is expressed privately, communicated directly to the benefactor one-to-one, or shared publicly? We tested this question in a preregistered intervention study. An ethnically and economically diverse sample of undergraduate students (N = 916) was randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions: (1) write gratitude letters and do not share them (private gratitude), (2) share gratitude one-to-one with benefactors via text (1-to-1 gratitude), (3) share gratitude publicly on social media (public gratitude), or (4) track daily activities (control). Participants were asked to complete their assigned activity four times with different people (as applicable) over the course of about a week. Overall, participants assigned to any digital gratitude intervention experienced improvements in state gratitude, positive emotions, negative emotions, elevation, connectedness, support, and loneliness, relative to controls. Relative to all other conditions, participants assigned to text their benefactors showed the biggest boosts in social connectedness and support. Our findings show that easily scalable digital gratitude interventions can advance the well-being of young college students.
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Kloos N, Austin J, van ‘t Klooster JW, Drossaert C, Bohlmeijer E. Appreciating the Good Things in Life During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Evaluation of a Gratitude App. J Happiness Stud 2022; 23:4001-4025. [PMID: 36245700 PMCID: PMC9540053 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has had many negative consequences on the general public mental health. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of and satisfaction with an app with gratitude exercises to improve the mental health of people with reduced mental well-being due to the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as potential mechanisms of well-being change and dose-response relationships. A two-armed randomized controlled trial design was used, with two groups receiving the 6-week gratitude intervention app either immediately (intervention group, n = 424) or after 6 weeks (waiting list control group, n = 425). Assessments took place online at baseline (T0), six weeks later (T1) and at 12 weeks (T2), measuring outcomes (i.e., mental well-being, anxiety, depression, stress), and potential explanatory variables (i.e., gratitude, positive reframing, rumination). Linear mixed models analyses showed that when controlled for baseline measures, the intervention group scored better on all outcome measures compared to the control group at T1 (d = .24-.49). These effects were maintained at T2. The control group scored equally well on all outcome measures at T2 after following the intervention. Effects of the intervention on well-being were partially explained by gratitude, positive reframing, and rumination, and finishing a greater number of modules was weakly related to better outcomes. The intervention was generally appealing, with some room for improvement. The results suggest that a mobile gratitude intervention app is a satisfactory and effective way to improve the mental health of the general population during the difficult times of a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje Kloos
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, Centre for eHealth and Wellbeing Research, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Judith Austin
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, Centre for eHealth and Wellbeing Research, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Constance Drossaert
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, Centre for eHealth and Wellbeing Research, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst Bohlmeijer
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, Centre for eHealth and Wellbeing Research, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Yoshida M. Network analysis of gratitude messages in the learning community. Int J Educ Technol High Educ 2022; 19:47. [PMID: 36093261 PMCID: PMC9449265 DOI: 10.1186/s41239-022-00352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In pedagogical practice, gratitude is recognised not as an emotion, but as an approach to learning. This study introduced gratitude messages into the academic online communication of university students and specifically examined the community in which students shared their messages with gratitude. This study examined the tendency of message connections and how gratitude messages prompted replies. To elucidate their connections, exponential random graph models (ERGMs) were used. A post-event questionnaire to evaluate gratitude experiences was also administered. Results revealed that 77.3% of the 172 connected messages from 123 students involved gratitude. When the post-event questionnaire results were examined using an ERGM, the score effects on increasing message connections were found not to be significant. The most prominent indication was a higher level of significant propensities to make mutual connections. The homophily of the message content was found to have a significant propensity to increase connections. The ERGM results and a review of messages revealed that students expressed gratitude for being both benefactors and beneficiaries of gratitude messages, which confirmed their prosocial behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Yoshida
- The Faculty of Education, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
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40
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Liu C, Luo D, Zhou Y, Zhang G, Feng X, Wang Z, Chen J, Bi Q. Optimism and subjective well-being in nursing home older adults: The mediating roles of gratitude and social support. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 47:232-238. [PMID: 35994812 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the level of subjective well-being (SWB) and the mediating roles of gratitude and social support in the relationship between optimism and SWB amongst older Chinese people in nursing homes. METHODS A total of 354 older adults in Chinese nursing homes completed the World Health Organization's well-being index, Life Orientation Test-Revised, Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the relationships between optimism, gratitude, social support and SWB. RESULTS The mean SWB score of the older people was (63.14 ±15.31), with 21.0% of subjects reporting low SWB. Gratitude and social support in serial partially mediated the relationship of optimism with SWB (total indirect effect: Standardized β = 0.157, 95% CI [0.109,0.216], p<0.001). CONCLUSION These findings provide good evidence for the inter-relationship mechanism amongst the protective factors of SWB, suggesting the need to prioritize positive psychological nursing interventions to promote SWB in older people in residential care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqin Liu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China; School of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, 343009, China
| | - Dongyi Luo
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
| | - Gangna Zhang
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Xue Feng
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Qiulin Bi
- Guangzhou Songhe Nursing Home, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510250, China
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41
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Moè A. Does the Weekly Practice of Recalling and Elaborating Episodes Raise Well-Being in University Students? J Happiness Stud 2022; 23:3389-3406. [PMID: 35818379 PMCID: PMC9258475 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasing well-being is a prominent worldwide goal that can be achieved primarily through social support and environmental factors. However, in times of social distancing or isolation, it is important to also rely on self-managed activities. This study aimed to (a) test the effectiveness of a seven-week well-being intervention, in increasing need satisfaction, self-compassion, emotion regulation, and grateful disposition by curbing need frustration, self-derogation, and emotional suppression, and (b) examine the maintenance and long-term effects of the practices based on recall, elaboration, and writing. One hundred and twenty university students weekly recalled and elaborated for seven consecutive weeks on three recent episodes of gratitude, self-affirmation, goal setting, or meaningful things, according to the group to which they were assigned. Before the intervention, immediately after and one month later, they filled in questionnaires to assess need satisfaction/frustration, self-compassion/derogation, emotion regulation and grateful disposition. The results confirmed an increase in well-being and a decrease in ill-being for all groups (Cohen d for the significant differences ranging from 0.18 to 0.53). The effects were maintained one month later and even increased for self-compassion, self-derogation, need frustration, and emotional reappraisal. A follow-up assessment revealed that a third of the participants continued with the well-being practices. Implications and suggestions for future well-being interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Moè
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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42
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Repine KM, Bawmann O, Mendlen M, Lowenstein SR. Investigating Wellness and Burnout Initiatives for Anesthesiology Resident Physicians: Time for Evidence-Based Investigation and Implementation. Anesthesiol Clin 2022; 40:275-285. [PMID: 35659400 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Resident physician burnout and well-being are increasingly important and salient topics in medical training. Unfortunately, limited research exists regarding the efficacy of various burnout and wellness interventions for resident physicians. Better characterization of the causes of burnout and the components of well-being must necessarily precede implementation and evaluation of interventions. The authors advocate for an increased role for technology in implementing and studying wellness programming for resident physicians. In addition, they describe an intervention under development at the University of Colorado School of Medicine that uses a "Gratitude Journal" smartphone app to support trainee wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Repine
- Anesthesiology Department, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12401 East 17th Avenue, 7th Floor, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.
| | - Oliver Bawmann
- Internal Medicine-Pediatrics Department, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17th Avenue, 8601, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Madelyn Mendlen
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Steven R Lowenstein
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 East 17th Place, Campus Box C-290, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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43
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Fraser E, Misener K, Libben M. Exploring the impact of a gratitude-focused meditation on body dissatisfaction: Can a brief auditory gratitude intervention protect young women against exposure to the thin ideal? Body Image 2022; 41:331-341. [PMID: 35460950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine if a brief gratitude-focused meditation would significantly impact body dissatisfaction, and whether it would serve as a protective factor from exposure to thin idealized images in a sample of undergraduate women. 176 participants (Mage= 19.75) engaged in either a gratitude meditation, mindfulness meditation, or listened to a recording of a history textbook. Women were subsequently exposed to a set of neutral images or thin ideal images. Women reported significant decreases in state body dissatisfaction following all auditory conditions, regardless of auditory content. Decreased levels of body dissatisfaction persisted through exposure to neutral images, but not through exposure to thin ideal images. Results indicated that both the gratitude and mindfulness interventions were effective in eliciting a significant increase in self-reported levels of gratitude and mindfulness compared to controls. The results of the study suggest that auditory micro-interventions can decrease body dissatisfaction in young adult women. However, further investigation into the optimal modality, length, and frequency of micro-interventions aimed at buffering the negative effects of idealized thin image exposure on women is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Fraser
- University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
| | - Kaylee Misener
- University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
| | - Maya Libben
- University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
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44
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Tolcher K, Cauble M, Downs A. Evaluating the effects of gratitude interventions on college student well-being. J Am Coll Health 2022:1-5. [PMID: 35623017 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2076096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of three different gratitude interventions on college student well-being. Participants: Participants were 132 college students at a university in the northwest sampled between September 2019 and February 2020. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to one of three gratitude interventions (journaling, reflection, app prompted reflection) or an activity-matched control group for 8 weeks and completed baseline and post-intervention assessments of well-being (e.g., satisfaction with life, happiness, resilience, depression, anxiety, and stress). Results: Participants in all three gratitude intervention groups showed improvements in well-being over time, whereas the control group did not report any such improvements. Gratitude journaling appeared to have the most significant positive impact on well-being and affective functioning. Conclusions: Gratitude interventions are simple, easy to implement, low-cost tools that can increase overall well-being and decrease negative affect, stress, and anxiety in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Tolcher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Portland, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Madalyn Cauble
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew Downs
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Portland, Portland, Oregon, USA
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45
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Kawasaki Y, Akamatsu R, Warschburger P. The relationship between traditional and common Japanese childhood education and adulthood towards avoiding food waste behaviors. Waste Manag 2022; 145:1-9. [PMID: 35490537 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Japanese parents and educators teach children to refrain from leaving food in their plates. Their teachings have direct (advising children to refrain from leaving food uneaten) and indirect (meal-related rituals before and after mealtimes) influence in enhancing gratitude for food in daily life. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine 1) the interaction of direct and indirect approaches to avoiding food waste behaviors and 2) the mediation of gratitude for food by preventing such behaviors. Overall, 400 Japanese adults (female: n = 200) responded to a self-administrated anonymous questionnaire survey measuring: the present food waste avoiding behaviors; current gratitude for food; direct and indirect childhood approaches for avoiding food waste behaviors. Participants' mean (standard deviation) age and body mass index were 40.0 (11.6) and 21.9 (3.9), respectively. A significant main effect of the indirect approach and the interaction of direct and indirect approaches were obtained by adjusting the participants' background. Moreover, through mediation analyses with percentile-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals, it was observed that gratitude for food mediated the association between direct and indirect childhood approaches and avoiding food waste behaviors. Despite no information on the current meal-related rituals of the respondents, this study suggests the potential of these approaches in enhancing gratitude for food as a new approach to reduce food waste worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Kawasaki
- Counseling Psychology, Department of Psychology, Potsdam University, Karl-Liebknechtstr. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
| | - Rie Akamatsu
- Natural Science Division, Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
| | - Petra Warschburger
- Counseling Psychology, Department of Psychology, Potsdam University, Karl-Liebknechtstr. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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46
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Hua J, Zheng L, Walker A, Mercer I, Liu J. Beyond Mere Surviving: The role of host country support and gratitude in thriving during the pandemic. Int J Intercult Relat 2022; 88:83-94. [PMID: 35492377 PMCID: PMC9033255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While the ensuing COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered individuals' lives worldwide, it has been perhaps especially disruptive to the lives of sojourners as many have been unable to return home and are absent from their families, a familiar culture, and normal social support systems. While it is important to ask how such individuals can successfully survive in such a crisis, we were interested in extending our knowledge and understanding by asking "how can such individuals move beyond mere surviving to a state of thriving?" In answering this question, we utilized a positive psychology framework to develop a theoretical model wherein we expected higher/lower levels of perceived social support from host country people (i.e., host country support) to result in higher/lower levels of perceived gratitude, which would then result in higher/lower levels of thriving, and ethnocentrism moderated this indirect effect. To test our model, we utilized a sample of sojourners who responded to a survey measuring ethnocentrism (February 2020). We then administered daily surveys measuring perceived host country support, gratitude, and thriving over a nine-day period during the COVID-19 crisis (March 26-April 3, 2020). Results supported the indirect effect of host country support on thriving via gratitude. Further, we found that sojourners with lower levels of ethnocentrism exhibited stronger host country support- gratitude link, hence stronger indirect effect of host country support on thriving via gratitude. We close by offering implications for the existing literature, future research, and organizational practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hua
- Department of Management and HRM, Sorrell College of Business, Troy University, Troy, AL, 36081, USA
| | - Lu Zheng
- School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430047 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Alan Walker
- Harbert College of Business, Department of Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ian Mercer
- Silberman College of Business, Fairleigh Dickinson University, 1000 River Rd, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, 102A Thach Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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47
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McGuire AP, Fagan J, Tsai J, Merians AN, Nichter B, Norman S, Southwick SM, Pietrzak RH. Dispositional gratitude predicts the development of psychopathology and suicidal behaviors: Results from a 7-year population-based study of U.S. military veterans. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 149:168-176. [PMID: 35278781 PMCID: PMC9017955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dispositional gratitude has been implicated as a psychological characteristic that may modulate risk for mental health outcomes. Using a population-based sample of U.S. military veterans, this study evaluated the association between dispositional gratitude and the development of psychopathology and suicidal behaviors over a 7-year period. METHODS A nationally representative sample of U.S. veterans was surveyed at four timepoints across seven years. Analyses were restricted to veterans without incident outcomes at baseline. Multivariable analyses were conducted to examine the relation between baseline levels of dispositional gratitude and risk of developing (a) major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); (b) suicidal ideation; and (c) suicide attempts. RESULTS A total 9.6% of veterans developed MDD, GAD, and/or PTSD, 9.5% developed suicidal ideation, and 2.8% reported having attempted suicide over the 7-year follow-up period. Among veterans with high levels of dispositional gratitude, incidence was lower for MDD/GAD/PTSD (8.0%), suicidal ideation (6.8%), and suicide attempts (1.5%). Conversely, veterans with low dispositional gratitude were at substantially higher risk of developing MDD/GAD/PTSD (27.7%), suicidal ideation (33.6%), and suicide attempts (20.3%). CONCLUSIONS High dispositional gratitude may help protect against the development of psychopathology and suicidal behaviors in U.S. military veterans, whereas low gratitude may increase risk of developing these outcomes. Collectively, these results support the potential utility of enhancing gratitude as part of primary prevention efforts for veterans, service members, and other populations at heightened risk for adverse mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. McGuire
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, The University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd, Tyler, TX 75799, USA,VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, 4800 Memorial Dr (151C), Waco, TX 76711, USA,Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 1901 Veterans Memorial Dr, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Joanna Fagan
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, The University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd, Tyler, TX 75799, USA
| | - Jack Tsai
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Tampa, FL, USA,School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Addie N. Merians
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Brandon Nichter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sonya Norman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,National Center for PTSD, VA Medical Center, 215 N Main St, White River Junction, VT 05005, USA,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Steven M. Southwick
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516, USA,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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48
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Nguyen SP, Gordon CL. Gratitude for Categories of Needs Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Happiness Stud 2022; 23:2881-2901. [PMID: 35462638 PMCID: PMC9012896 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This naturalistic observation study investigated the influence of broad societal events such as the COVID-19 pandemic on public expressions of gratitude. Spontaneously produced gratitude expressions posted by individuals (N = 159) in an online discussion forum were extracted at three time periods (during the pandemic, one year pre-pandemic, and 2 years pre-pandemic). The gratitude expressions were coded for the categories of deficiency and growth needs based on Maslow's Theory of Motivation. The results demonstrate a higher frequency of gratitude expressions for growth opportunities during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to 2 years prior. The results also demonstrate a higher frequency of gratitude for the fulfillment of deficiency needs compared to growth needs within each of the years, highlighting the overall salience of this category. These findings reveal the capacity of broad societal events to impact public gratitude expressions for needs fulfilment, which has implications for policies and programs intended to meet needs during a global crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone P. Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 South College Road, Wilmington, NC 2843-5612 USA
| | - Cameron L. Gordon
- Department of Psychology, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth St., Nanaimo, NC V9R 5S5 Canada
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49
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Dennis A, Ogden J. Nostalgia, Gratitude, or Optimism: The Impact of a Two-Week Intervention on Well-Being During COVID-19. J Happiness Stud 2022; 23:2613-2634. [PMID: 35340567 PMCID: PMC8934022 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Research indicates that brief 2-min positive psychology interventions (PPIs) increase well-being during COVID-19 lockdowns. The present study extended this to assess the effectiveness over two-weeks. Participants (n = 150) were randomly allocated to one of three PPIs; nostalgia, gratitude, best possible self (BPS), or control. The interventions were slightly adapted for the lockdown and were completed three times, every seven days over two-weeks. Well-being measures were completed immediately after the first intervention (T1), after the next two interventions (T2-T3) and at one-week follow-up (T4) (but no baseline measure of well-being was taken). At T1, participants in the nostalgia, gratitude, and BPS intervention had higher self-esteem than those in the control intervention. At T1 and T2, participants in the gratitude and BPS intervention reported higher social connectedness than participants in the nostalgia and control intervention. Then at follow-up (T4), participants in the nostalgia, gratitude, and BPS intervention had lower fear of COVID-19 than those in the control intervention. Overall, the results show the benefits of nostalgia, gratitude and optimism, compared to the control, during lockdown. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10902-022-00513-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Dennis
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jane Ogden
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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50
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Özdemir T, Karadağ G, Kul S. Relationship of Gratitude and Coping Styles with Depression in Caregivers of Children with Special Needs. J Relig Health 2022; 61:214-227. [PMID: 34392470 PMCID: PMC8364631 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study aiming to reveal the relationship of gratitude and coping styles with depression in caregivers of children with special needs. As a result of the study, which was conducted with 330 caregivers, it was determined that the caregivers' level of gratitude was high. In this study, it was found that the caregivers used mostly turning to religion, planning, positive reinterpretation, and instrumental social support as coping styles respectively. It was established that there was a significant correlation between caregivers' depression level and gender, education level, level of gratitude, focus on and venting of emotions, substance use, behavioural disengagement, positive reinterpretation, using emotional social support and planning coping styles. The depression disclosure level was found to be 17.8%. For holistic nursing care, the assessment of spiritual care and spiritual needs of caregivers is very important because of its positive effect on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Özdemir
- School of Nursing, Maltepe University, Marmara Egitim Koyu, 34857 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülendam Karadağ
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seval Kul
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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