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Minnig MC, Hawkinson L, Root HJ, Driban J, DiStefano LJ, Callahan L, Ambrose KR, Spang JT, Golightly YM. Barriers and facilitators to the adoption and implementation of evidence-based injury prevention training programmes: a narrative review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001374. [PMID: 36187085 PMCID: PMC9516217 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While there is a multitude of evidence supporting the efficacy of injury prevention training programmes, the literature investigating the implementation of these programmes is, in contrast, rather limited. This narrative review sought to describe the commonly reported barriers and facilitators of the implementation of injury prevention training programmes among athletes in organised sport. We also aimed to identify necessary steps to promote the uptake and sustainable use of these programmes in non-elite athletic communities. We identified 24 publications that discussed implementing evidence-based injury prevention training programmes. Frequently reported barriers to implementation include the perceived time and financial cost of the programme, coaches lacking confidence in their ability to implement it, and the programme including exercises that were difficult or confusing to follow. Frequently reported facilitators to implementation include the coach being aware of programme efficacy, shared motivation to complete the programme from both coaches and athletes, and the ability to easily integrate the programme into practice schedules. The current literature is focused on high-income, high-resource settings. We recommend that future studies focus on understanding the best practices of programme dissemination in culturally and economically diverse regions. Programmes ought to be of no financial burden to the user, be simply adaptable to different sports and individual athletes and be available for use in easily accessible forms, such as in a mobile smartphone application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Catherine Minnig
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren Hawkinson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill College of Arts and Sciences, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hayley J Root
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Jeffrey Driban
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lindsay J DiStefano
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,Institute of Sports Medicine, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Leigh Callahan
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kirsten R Ambrose
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Spang
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Fagher K, Kunorozva L, Badenhorst M, Derman W, Kissick J, Verhagen E, Ahmed OH, Jederström M, Heron N, Khoshnood AM, Silva A, Kenttä G, Lexell J. Safe and Healthy Para sport project (SHAPE): a study protocol of a complex intervention within Para sport. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001392. [PMID: 36101569 PMCID: PMC9422828 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Elite Para athletes report a high incidence of sports injuries, illnesses and other health issues. Despite this, there are few prevention programmes in Para sport, and many of the existing prevention programmes are not adapted to Para athletes. To improve the success of preventive measures, it has been suggested that sports safety work should facilitate health promotion, including athlete health education. Therefore, the overarching aim of this project is to evaluate an accessible health promotion web platform as part of a complex intervention that aims to improve knowledge of athlete health in Para sport. In this protocol, the development, future implementation and evaluation of the intervention are described. To inform the implementation and use of such interventions, it is recommended to involve end users in the development and implementation process. Therefore, a participatory design process, including athletes and the sports organisation, was used to develop an accessible health promotion web platform. To evaluate this complex intervention, a process evaluation combining quantitative evaluation assessing causal pathways with qualitative methods assessing multifaceted pathways will be used. The primary outcomes are injury/illness incidence, athlete health parameters, health literacy and user behaviour. A cohort of elite Para athletes (n=150) from Sweden and South Africa will be invited to participate. This project will be the first that aims to improve athlete health in Para sport through pragmatic and accessible health promotion. It is a boundary-crossing project that will be conducted in a real-world sport setting, including athletes with different socioeconomic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Fagher
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lovemore Kunorozva
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- IOC Research Center, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Marelise Badenhorst
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- IOC Research Center, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - James Kissick
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Osman Hassan Ahmed
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- The FA Centre for Disability Football Research, The Football Association, Burton Upon Trent, UK
| | - Moa Jederström
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Neil Heron
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, School of Medicine, Keele University, Belfast, UK
| | - Ardavan M Khoshnood
- Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andressa Silva
- Sports Training Center, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Sports Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Göran Kenttä
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan Lexell
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Linton L, Valentin S. Running coaches and running group leaders' engagement with, and beliefs and perceived barriers to prehabilitation and injury prevention strategies for runners. Phys Ther Sport 2020; 46:54-62. [PMID: 32871363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify which pre-and post-run injury risk reduction activities and prehabilitation (prehab) strategies Coaches and Running Group Leaders (Coaches/RGLs) engage in with runners; to explore their beliefs on why runners get injured; to identify Coaches/RGLs confidence providing injury prevention activities, and what they believe are effective for reducing risk of injury; to identify their perceived barriers to including prehab during running coaching/training. DESIGN Survey; Participants: UK Coaches/RGLs (N = 100) OUTCOME MEASURES: Online questionnaire with open, closed and Likert scale questions. RESULTS Most Coaches/RGLs performed active warm-ups (97%), cool-downs (94%),gave injury prevention advice (91%), and advice on recovery strategies (84%) during training. Fewer coaches/RGLs incorporated prehab (67%). Although they collectively exhibited a wide range of knowledge, individually there was less consistency and confidence providing this. Prehab was rated as very important for injury risk reduction, with supervision recommended to facilitate runner engagement. Coaches/RGLs found conflicting advice, time, environment, and resistance from runners as barriers to incorporating prehab into training. CONCLUSION Coaches/RGLs believe prehab is important for runners however lack of confidence and knowledge appeared to limit the wider inclusion of prehab with runners. Coaches/RGLs welcomed reputable information on prehab from evidence-based sources. This may assist in reducing injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Linton
- FASIC Sport and Exercise Medicine Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Stephanie Valentin
- Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University West of Scotland, Stevenson Place, Blantyre, UK
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Jacobsson J, Ekberg J, Timpka T, Haggren Råsberg L, Sjöberg M, Mirkovic D, Nilsson S. Developing web-based health guidance for coaches and parents in child athletics (track and field). Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1248-1255. [PMID: 32201975 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop athletics health guidance (AHG) aimed at supporting coaches and parents involved in organized child athletics by providing practical advice and tools for the management of the most common health problems experienced in athletics by the 12- to 15-year olds. The study used participatory action research (PAR) and an established health service guideline development procedure modified to fit AHG development in child athletics. A sequential process consisting of four steps with associated subgoals was employed. The collected data were structured according to the AHG development steps and analyzed using qualitative methods. The most common health concern identified was injuries related to growth and overuse. No randomized controlled studies investigating injury prevention programs or any existing concepts/guidelines in child athletics were found that could be used in the development of the AHG. A requirements document was instead defined in a nominal group process and used for the AHG development. The areas included in the final AHG were as follows: training youth athletes, growth and puberty, recovery, injury prevention, injuries and illnesses, mental illness, safe sport, and anti-doping. The evidence regarding health issues in child athletics is limited, indicating that actions to support good health in the sport are currently based essentially on best practice. The long-term aim of the AHG and associated website is to systematically create and introduce conditions that can bridge the "know-do gap" and provide coaches and parents with easy-to-access and up-to-date knowledge in the field of child athlete health in athletics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Jacobsson
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Swedish Athletics Association, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joakim Ekberg
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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5
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Rodríguez-Serrano LI, Timpka T, Ekberg J, Dahlström Ö, Jacobsson J. Young athletes’ health knowledge system: Qualitative analysis of health learning processes in adolescent sportspersons. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:1272-1280. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. Timpka
- Athletics Research Center; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - J. Ekberg
- Athletics Research Center; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Ö. Dahlström
- Athletics Research Center; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - J. Jacobsson
- Athletics Research Center; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
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6
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Jacobsson J, Bergin D, Timpka T, Nyce JM, Dahlström Ö. Injuries in youth track and field are perceived to have multiple-level causes that call for ecological (holistic-developmental) interventions: A national sporting community perceptions and experiences. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:348-355. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Jacobsson
- Athletics Research Center; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Swedish Athletics Association; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - D. Bergin
- Swedish Athletics Association; Stockholm Sweden
| | - T. Timpka
- Athletics Research Center; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Centre for Healthcare Development; Region Östergötland Linköping Sweden
| | - J. M. Nyce
- Athletics Research Center; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Ö. Dahlström
- Athletics Research Center; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
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Bekker S, Paliadelis P, Finch CF. The translation of sports injury prevention and safety promotion knowledge: insights from key intermediary organisations. Health Res Policy Syst 2017; 15:25. [PMID: 28351366 PMCID: PMC5371252 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-017-0189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recognised research-to-practice gap exists in the health research field of sports injury prevention and safety promotion. There is a need for improved insight into increasing the relevancy, accessibility and legitimacy of injury prevention and safety promotion research knowledge for sport settings. The role of key organisations as intermediaries in the process of health knowledge translation for sports settings remains under-explored, and this paper aims to determine, and describe, the processes of knowledge translation undertaken by a set of key organisations in developing and distributing injury prevention and safety promotion resources. METHODS The National Guidance for Australian Football Partnerships and Safety (NoGAPS) project provided the context for this study. Representatives from five key NoGAPS organisations participated in individual face-to-face interviews about organisational processes of knowledge translation. A qualitative descriptive methodology was used to analyse participants' descriptions of knowledge translation activities undertaken at their respective organisations. RESULTS Several themes emerged around health knowledge translation processes and considerations, including (1) identifying a need for knowledge translation, (2) developing and disseminating resources, and (3) barriers and enablers to knowledge translation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into the processes that key organisations employ when developing and disseminating injury prevention and safety promotion resources within sport settings. The relevancy, accessibility and legitimacy of health research knowledge is foregrounded, with a view to increasing the influence of research on the development of health-related resources suitable for community sport settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheree Bekker
- Australian Collaboration for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, PO Box 663, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. .,Faculty of Health, Federation University Australia, PO Box 663, Ballarat, Victoria, 3353, Australia.
| | - Penny Paliadelis
- Faculty of Health, Federation University Australia, PO Box 663, Ballarat, Victoria, 3353, Australia
| | - Caroline F Finch
- Australian Collaboration for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, PO Box 663, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Jacobsson J, Timpka T. Classification of Prevention in Sports Medicine and Epidemiology. Sports Med 2015; 45:1483-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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