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Yona T, Kamel N, Cohen-Eick G, Ovadia I, Fischer A. One-dimension statistical parametric mapping in lower limb biomechanical analysis: A systematic scoping review. Gait Posture 2024; 109:133-146. [PMID: 38306782 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomechanics significantly impacts sports performance and injury prevention. Traditional methods like discrete point analysis simplify continuous kinetic and kinematic data, while one-dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping (spm1d) evaluates entire movement curves. Nevertheless, spm1d's application in sports and injury research is limited. As no systematic review exists, we conducted a scoping systematic review, synthesizing the current applications of spm1d across various populations, activities, and injuries. This review concludes by identifying gaps in the literature and suggesting areas for future research. RESEARCH QUESTION What research exists using spm1d in sports biomechanics, focusing on the lower limbs, in what populations, and what are the current research gaps? METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases for the following search string: "(((knee) OR (hip)) OR (ankle)) OR (foot) OR (feet) AND (statistical parametric mapping)". English peer-reviewed studies assessing lower limb kinetics or kinematics in different sports or sports-related injuries were included. Reviews, meta-analyses, conference abstracts, and grey literature were excluded. RESULTS Our search yielded 165 papers published since 2012. Among these, 112 examined healthy individuals (67 %), and 53 focused on injured populations (33 %). Running (n = 45), cutting (n = 25), and jumping/landing (n = 18) were the most common activities. The predominant injuries were anterior cruciate ligament rupture (n = 21), chronic ankle instability (n = 18), and hip-related pain (n = 9). The main research gaps included the unbalanced populations, underrepresentation of common sports and sport-related injuries, gender inequality, a lack of studies in non-laboratory settings, a lack of studies on varied sports gear, and a lack of reporting standardization. SIGNIFICANCE This review spotlights crucial gaps in spm1d research within sports biomechanics. Key issues include a lack of studies beyond laboratory settings, underrepresentation of various sports and injuries, and gender disparities in research populations. Addressing these gaps can significantly enhance the application of spm1d in sports performance, injury analysis, and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Yona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Netanel Kamel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Galya Cohen-Eick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbar Ovadia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arielle Fischer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Song Y, Li L, Dai B. Trunk Neuromuscular Function and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Narrative Review of Trunk Strength, Endurance, and Dynamic Control. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dix C, Arundale A, Silvers-Granelli H, Marmon A, Zarzycki R, Arch E, Snyder-Mackler L. Descriptive trunk kinematics in healthy collegiate women’s soccer players indicate trunk center of mass is laterally positioned prior to decelerating and cutting. J ISAKOS 2022; 7:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jisako.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Colomar J, Corbi F, Baiget E. Alterations in mechanical muscle characteristics and postural control induced by tennis match-play in young players. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11445. [PMID: 34026370 PMCID: PMC8121060 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Central and peripheric fatigue indicators are among the main reasons for performance decline following competition. Because of the impact of these factors on performance, how these variables are affected by match-play could be of interest, especially in young tennis players. Objective This study aimed to investigate alterations induced by a simulated tennis match on postural control and muscle characteristics in young tennis players. Method Seventeen male junior players took part in pre- and post-competition testing sessions performing postural control (displacement, speed and surface area of center of pressures) and muscle characteristics measurements (tone, stiffness, time to relaxation and elasticity). Between trials, participants played an 80-min simulated tennis match. Results No significant differences were observed in any of the tested variables. Moderate-to-large effect sizes (ES) for decreased stiffness and tone and greater time to relaxation were found between pre- and post-conditions in the right rectus abdominis (−9.8%, −4.4% and 7.8%; ES = 0.8, 0.54 and −0.85). Also, a decrease in tone was found in the right vastus medialis (−7.1%; ES = 0.56), while surface area of the center of pressures with eyes open showed trends towards increasing in post-match measurements (55.9%; ES = 0.56). Conclusion An 80-min simulated tennis match seems insufficient to elicit significant changes in postural control and mechanical muscle characteristics. Results suggest that physiological responses triggered by match-play were closer to those seen after a moderate activity than those present following a strenuous task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Colomar
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya - INEFC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Academia Sánchez-Casal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Corbi
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya - INEFC Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ernest Baiget
- Sports Performance Analysis Research Group (SPARG), Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain
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Flowers DW, Brewer W, Mitchell K, Ellison J. Why are we neglecting the core muscles in patients with knee osteoarthritis? A narrative review of the literature. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10833196.2021.1907947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Flowers
- Program in Physical Therapy, LSU Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Wayne Brewer
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katy Mitchell
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer Ellison
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, Texas, USA
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Flowers DW, Brewer W, Ellison J, Mitchell K, Frilot C. Transversus abdominis activation does not alter gait impairments in patients with and without knee osteoarthritis. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 82:105270. [PMID: 33421757 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis accounts for more years of disability than all other forms of osteoarthritis combined. Gait kinetic and kinematic changes, in addition to reduced gait speed, are commonly observed. This study investigates whether core activation, which modifies lower extremity movement in young, active populations, can alter the gait and baseline core activation of those with knee osteoarthritis as compared to controls, and alter osteoarthritic knee pain. METHODS Forty-four participants (22 controls and 22 with knee osteoarthritis) underwent biomechanical gait assessment, examining kinetic and kinematic variables, in addition to gait speed, with and without volitional transversus abdominis activation. Surface electromyography was used to measure baseline transversus abdominis activation under both conditions. Knee pain ratings were examined for those with knee osteoarthritis. FINDINGS No significant biomechanical differences were observed within groups, or in the time/group interaction. Between-groups kinetic (time to first peak ground reaction force and amplitude of second peak ground reaction force) and gait speed differences were observed under both conditions. There were no differences in baseline electromyography activation between or within-groups, or within-group for self-reported pain for the osteoarthritic group. INTERPRETATION Although previous studies have shown the benefit of core activation in correcting lower extremity movement patterns and kinetic loading in young, athletic populations, this study is the first to show this is not the case for persons with knee osteoarthritis. Future studies should examine the value of a progressive core stabilization program, of sufficient dose and mode, in correcting the observed gait differences in those with knee osteoarthritis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03776981.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Flowers
- Program in Physical Therapy, LSU Health-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Hwy., Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
| | - Wayne Brewer
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, 6700 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jennifer Ellison
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, 6700 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Katy Mitchell
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, 6700 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Clifton Frilot
- Program in Physical Therapy, LSU Health-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Hwy., Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
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Park H, Lim W, Oh D. Effects of upper-extremity movements on electromyographic activities of selected trunk muscles during leaning forward. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2020; 33:669-675. [PMID: 31594203 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-181235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaning forward has been accepted as a foundational approach to facilitate trunk-stabilizing muscles in the abdominal and lumbopelvic regions for patients with back pain during rehabilitation. However, how trunk muscles are activated and recruited during leaning forward performed under dynamic upper-extremity motion conditions is not completely understood. OBJECTIVE To determine whether activation of selected trunk muscles changes depending on shoulder movements during leaning forward exercise in healthy young adults. METHODS Twenty-four healthy adults (6 men and 18 women) participated in this study. The participants performed 3 types of leaning forward exercises: leaning forward alone (leaning forward 1), leaning forward with horizontal shoulder abduction (leaning forward 2), and leaning forward with shoulder flexion (leaning forward 3). Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to record activation of the erector spinae (ES), multifidus (MF), rectus abdominis (RA), and internal oblique (IO) on the dominant side. RESULTS There was a significant main effect of exercise type on the activation of the IO, RA, and MF muscles. Activation of the IO and MF during leaning forward 1 was significantly decreased compared to activation in leaning forward 2 and 3; the activation of IO and RA showed the greatest increase during leaning forward 3. Furthermore, the IO/RA ratio was significantly increased during leaning forward 2 and 3 in comparison to leaning forward 1; the MF/ES ratio was also significantly increased during leaning forward 3, compared with leaning forward 1. CONCLUSION The integration of shoulder movements during leaning forward exercises could be effective in the facilitation of EMG activity of IO and MF muscles, especially with shoulder flexion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wootaek Lim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Woosong University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Woosong Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Woosong University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Oh
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, College of Health and Welfare, Woosong University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Donelon TA, Dos'Santos T, Pitchers G, Brown M, Jones PA. Biomechanical Determinants of Knee Joint Loads Associated with Increased Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading During Cutting: A Systematic Review and Technical Framework. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2020; 6:53. [PMID: 33136207 PMCID: PMC7606399 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Cutting actions are associated with non-contact ACL injuries in multidirectional sports due to the propensity to generate large multiplanar knee joint loads (KJLs) that have the capacity to increase ACL loading and strain. Numerous studies have investigated the biomechanical determinants of KJLs in cutting tasks. The aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively review the literature regarding biomechanical determinants of KJLs during cutting, in order to develop a cutting technical framework alongside training recommendations for practitioners regarding KJL mitigation. Methods Databases (SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and PubMed) were systematically searched using a combination of the following terms: “Biomechanical determinants”, or “Knee abduction moment”, or “Technical determinants”, or “Knee loading”, or “Knee loads”, or “Mechanical determinants”, or “ACL strain”, or “Knee adduction moment”, or “Anterior tibial shear”, or “Knee internal rotation moment”, or “Knee valgus moment” AND “Change of direction”, or “Cutting manoeuvre”, or “Run and cut”, or “Run-and-cut”, or “Sidestepping”, or “Side-stepping”, or “Shuttle run”. Inclusion criteria were as follows: studies examining a cutting task < 110° with a preceding approach run that examined biomechanical determinants of KJLs using three-dimensional motion analysis. Results The search returned 6404 possibly eligible articles, and 6 identified through other sources. Following duplicate removal, 4421 titles and abstracts were screened, leaving 246 full texts to be screened for inclusion. Twenty-three full texts were deemed eligible for inclusion and identified numerous determinants of KJLs; 11 trunk, 11 hip, 7 knee, 3 multiplanar KJLs, 5 foot/ankle and 7 identifying ground reaction forces (GRFs) as determinants of KJLs. Conclusion Using the framework developed from the results, cutting KJLs can be mitigated through the following: reducing lateral foot-plant distances, thus lowering hip abduction and orientating the foot closer to neutral with a mid-foot or forefoot placement strategy; minimising knee valgus and hip internal rotation angles and motion at initial contact (IC) and weight acceptance (WA); avoiding and limiting lateral trunk flexion and attempt to maintain an upright trunk position or trunk lean into the intended direction; and finally, reducing GRF magnitude during WA, potentially by attenuation through increased knee flexion and emphasising a greater proportion of braking during the penultimate foot contact (PFC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Donelon
- Room Af87, Section of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK.
| | - Thomas Dos'Santos
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Bonsall Street, Manchester, M15 6GX, UK
| | - Guy Pitchers
- Room Af87, Section of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - Mathew Brown
- Room Af87, Section of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - Paul A Jones
- School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, C702 Allerton Building, Salford, M6 6PU, UK
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Resende RA, Jardim SHO, Filho RGT, Mascarenhas RO, Ocarino JM, Mendonça LDM. Does trunk and hip muscles strength predict performance during a core stability test? Braz J Phys Ther 2020; 24:318-324. [PMID: 30954371 PMCID: PMC7351961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better understanding about the relationship between trunk and hip muscles strength and core stability may improve evaluation and interventions proposed to improve core stability. OBJECTIVES To investigate if trunk and hip muscles strength predict pelvic posterior rotation during the bridge test with unilateral knee extension. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. Sixty-one healthy individuals of both sexes (age, 28±6.4 years, weight, 66.5±10.9kg, height, 167±9.5cm) performed the bridge test with unilateral knee extension. The pelvic posterior rotation during the bridge test was obtained with two-dimensional video analysis. Isometric strength of the trunk extensors and rotators, and hip abductors, external and internal rotators and extensors were measured with a hand-held dynamometer. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify if the strength variables could explain the pelvic posterior rotation during the test. RESULTS Muscle strength predicted pelvic posterior rotation during the bridge test (r=0.54; p=0.003). Strength of the trunk rotators (p=0.045) and hip internal rotators (p=0.015) predicted reduced magnitude of pelvic posterior rotation during the bridge test, and strength of the hip extensors (p=0.003) predicted increased magnitude of pelvic posterior rotation. CONCLUSIONS Trunk rotators and hip internal rotators and extensors strength predict 29% of the performance during the bridge test with unilateral knee extension. The strength of these muscles should be evaluated in individuals with increased pelvic posterior rotation during the bridge test with unilateral knee extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Alves Resende
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Henrique Oliveira Jardim
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Funcional Performance, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renato Guilherme Trede Filho
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Funcional Performance, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Oliveira Mascarenhas
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Funcional Performance, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Melo Ocarino
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana De Michelis Mendonça
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Funcional Performance, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Dos'Santos T, Thomas C, Comfort P, Jones PA. The Effect of Training Interventions on Change of Direction Biomechanics Associated with Increased Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading: A Scoping Review. Sports Med 2020; 49:1837-1859. [PMID: 31493206 PMCID: PMC6851221 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Change of direction (COD) manoeuvres are associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk due to the propensity to generate large multiplanar knee joint loads. Given the short- and long-term consequences of ACL injury, practitioners are interested in methods that reduce knee joint loads and subsequent ACL loading. An effective strategy to reduce ACL loading is modifying an athlete’s movement mechanics to reduce knee joint loading. The purpose of this scoping review was to critically appraise and comprehensively synthesise the existing literature related to the effects of training interventions on COD biomechanics associated with increased knee joint loads and subsequent ACL loading, and identify gaps and recommend areas for future research. A review of the literature was conducted using Medline and Sport DISCUS databases. Inclusion criteria consisted of pre-post analysis of a COD task, a minimum 4-week training intervention, and assessments of biomechanical characteristics associated with increased ACL loading. Of the 1,027 articles identified, 22 were included in the scoping review. Based on current literature, balance training and COD technique modification are the most effective training modalities for reducing knee joint loading (small to moderate effect sizes). One study reported dynamic core stability training was effective in reducing knee joint loads, but further research is needed to definitively confirm the efficacy of this method. Perturbation-enhanced plyometric training, the F-MARC 11 + soccer specific warm-up, Oslo Neuromuscular warm-up, and resistance training are ineffective training modalities to reduce COD knee joint loads. Conflicting findings have been observed for the Core-Pac and mixed training programme. Consequently, practitioners should consider incorporating balance and COD technique modification drills into their athletes’ training programmes to reduce potentially hazardous knee joint loads when changing direction. However, training intervention studies can be improved by investigating larger sample sizes (> 20), including a control group, acknowledging measurement error when interpreting their findings, and considering performance implications, to confirm the effectiveness of training interventions and improve adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dos'Santos
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK.
| | - Christopher Thomas
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Comfort
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Paul A Jones
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
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Stability Training and Effectiveness of Playing Basketball. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.18276/cej.2020.2-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Whyte EF, Richter C, O'Connor S, Moran KA. Investigation of the Effects of High-Intensity, Intermittent Exercise and Unanticipation on Trunk and Lower Limb Biomechanics During a Side-Cutting Maneuver Using Statistical Parametric Mapping. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:1583-1593. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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