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Bocheng C, Ziyan Y, Jiaxin W, Wang G, Tiancheng Y. Effects of 16 weeks of plyometric training on knee biomechanics during the landing phase in athletes. Eur J Sport Sci 2024; 24:1095-1109. [PMID: 39022860 PMCID: PMC11295097 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of plyometric training on lower-limb muscle strength and knee biomechanical characteristics during the landing phase. Twenty-four male subjects were recruited for this study with a randomised controlled design. They were randomly divided into a plyometric training group and a traditional training group and underwent training for 16 weeks. Each subject was evaluated every 8 weeks for knee and hip isokinetic muscle strength as well as knee kinematics and kinetics during landing. The results indicated significant group and time interaction effects for knee extension strength (F = 74.942 and p = 0.001), hip extension strength (F = 99.763 and p = 0.000) and hip flexion strength (F = 182.922 and p = 0.000). For landing kinematics, there were significant group main effects for knee flexion angle range (F = 4.429 and p = 0.047), significant time main effects for valgus angle (F = 6.502 and p = 0.011) and significant group and time interaction effects for internal rotation angle range (F = 5.475 and p = 0.008). The group main effect for maximum knee flexion angle was significant (F = 7.534 and p = 0.012), and the group and time interaction effect for maximum internal rotation angle was significant (F = 15.737 and p = 0.001). For landing kinetics, the group main effect of the loading rate was significant (F = 4.576 and p = 0.044). Significant group and time interaction effects were observed for knee extension moment at the moment of maximum vertical ground reaction force (F = 5.095 and p = 0.010) and for abduction moment (F = 8.250 and p = 0.001). These findings suggest that plyometric training leads to greater improvements in hip and knee muscle strength and beneficial changes in knee biomechanics during landing compared to traditional training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Bocheng
- Physical Education and Sports School of Soochow UniversityEast Campus of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Ye Ziyan
- Nanhang Jincheng CollegeNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Wu Jiaxin
- Physical Education and Sports School of Soochow UniversityEast Campus of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- Physical Education and Sports School of Soochow UniversityEast Campus of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Yu Tiancheng
- Physical Education and Sports School of Soochow UniversityEast Campus of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
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2
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Hardaker NJ, Hume PA, Sims ST. Differences in Injury Profiles Between Female and Male Athletes Across the Participant Classification Framework: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2024; 54:1595-1665. [PMID: 38536647 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female sex is a significant determinant of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. It is not understood if sex is a key determinant of other sports-related injuries. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to identify where differences in injury profiles are most apparent between the sexes in all sports across the six-tiered participant classification framework. METHODS This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and the 'implementing PRISMA in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science'(PERSiST) guidance. The databases PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library and EBSCO were searched from database inception to 24 April 2023. Longitudinal, prospective and retrospective cohort studies and cross-sectional and descriptive epidemiology studies that used standard injury data collection were included. Studies were excluded if injuries were not medically diagnosed and if injuries were not reported and/or analysed by sex. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality using the Downs and Black checklist. RESULTS Overall, 180 studies were included (8 tier-5, 40 tier-4, 98 tier-3, 30 tier-2, 5 tier-1 studies; one study included data in two tiers). Of those, 174 studies were of moderate quality and six studies were of limited quality. In sex-comparable sports, there was moderate evidence that female athletes had greater risk of knee injury (relative risk (RR) 2.7; 95% CI 1.4-5.5), foot/ankle injuries (RR 1.25; 95% CI 1.17-1.34), bone stress injury (RR 3.4; 95% CI 2.1-5.4) and concussion (RR 8.46; 95% CI 1.04-68.77) than male athletes. Male athletes were at increased risk of hip/groin injuries (RR 2.26; 95% CI 1.31-3.88) and hamstring injuries (RR 2.4; 95% CI 1.8-3.2) compared with females, particularly in dynamic sports. Male athletes were 1.8 (1.37-2.7) to 2.8 (2.45-3.24) times more likely to sustain acute fractures than female athletes, with the highest risk in competition. DISCUSSION Most studies in all cohorts were of moderate quality (mean/range of scores tier-5: 17 ± 2.2 [14-20], tier-4: 16.9 ± 1.9 [11-21], tier-3: 16.9 ± 1.5 [11-20], tier-2: 16.3 ± 2.2 [11-20], tier-1 studies: 15.6 ± 1.3 [14-17] out of 28 on the Downs and Black checklist), with only six studies of limited quality. Female athletes' propensity for bone stress injuries highlights opportunities to reinforce development of optimal bone health during adolescence and to outline the effects of energy availability. Earlier strength development and exposure to neuromuscular training programmes and modification of skill development in female athletes may be effective strategies for reducing lower limb injury risk. Key components of neuromuscular training programmes could be beneficial for reducing hip/groin and hamstring injury risk in male athletes. There may be a need for sex-specific prevention and return-to-sport protocols for sports-related concussion in female athletes. CONCLUSIONS Female sex was a key determinant of sports-related injuries beyond ACL injury including foot/ankle injury, bone stress injury and sports-related concussion. Male sex was a key determinant of hip/groin, hamstring injury and upper limb injury. TRIAL REGISTRY PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017058806 (last updated on 7th June 2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Hardaker
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Accident Compensation Corporation, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Patria A Hume
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Tech & Policy Lab, Law School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Stacy T Sims
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Stanford Lifestyle Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Beech J, Jones B, Hughes T, Emmonds S. Injury Profile in Youth Female Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2024; 54:1207-1230. [PMID: 38263483 PMCID: PMC11127887 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of epidemiological studies assessing the incidence, prevalence and severity of injury in youth female sport are available. However, no study has sought to synthesise the current evidence base across all youth female sport. As such, a systematic review and meta-analysis of injury in this cohort is necessary to understand the diversity of injury and its associated burden between sports in addition to identifying the density of research available. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological data of injuries in youth female athletes with particular attention to injury incidence, mean days lost and injury burden. METHODS Searches were performed in PubMed, EBSCO (SPORTDiscus with Full Text MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete) and Cochrane databases. Studies were considered if they reported time-loss injury incidence or prevalence in youth female (≤ 19 years old) athletes. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using STROBE-SIIS extension, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and funnel plots, respectively. Injury incidence and burden rate data were modelled using a mixed-effect Poisson regression model. Days lost data were modelled using a generalised linear mixed model. RESULTS Thirty-two studies were included. The overall incidence rate, mean days lost per injury, and burden rate were 4.4 injuries per 1000 h (95% CI 3.3-5.9), 10 days (95% CI 6-15), and 46 days per 1000 h (95% CI 23-92), respectively. Forty percent of athletes sustained at least one time-loss injury. Competitive level was a significant moderator of match and training injury incidence, with elite youth athletes presenting greater pooled injury incidence estimates than non-elite athletes (p = 0.0315 and p = 0.0047, respectively). The influence of moderators on days lost and injury burden could not be determined due to an insufficient number of studies for analysis. CONCLUSION Despite a broad inclusion criterion, there is limited injury surveillance research available across youth female sport. Outside of soccer, little research density is evidenced with single studies available in popular team sports such as Australian football and rugby union. Insufficient study numbers reporting mean days lost and injury burden data were available for analysis, and pooled days lost data could only be estimated for soccer. This highlights a need for future research to report days lost data alongside injury number and exposure so burden can be calculated and the full risk of injury to youth female athletes can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Beech
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
- The Football Association, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK.
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Hughes
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Stacey Emmonds
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- The Football Association, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
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Galeoto G, Viglianisi KM, Berardi A, Sellitto G, Ruotolo I, Simeon R, Carlizza A. Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) in a Population of Professional Basketball Players: A Cross-Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:664. [PMID: 38674310 PMCID: PMC11052039 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Musculoskeletal disorders affect a large portion of the population worldwide. The musculoskeletal health questionnaire is a helpful tool for assessing the health state of patients with these disorders. The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the MSK_HQ-IT in a population of professional basketball players. The secondary aim is to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Material and Methods: The study was performed from September to October 2022. The questionnaire was completed using an online or paper form, to which personal data were collected. Data were collected by submitting a translated version of the musculoskeletal health questionnaire directly to professional athletes. Results: A total of 63 basketball players were recruited. Regarding functional limitations, the body parts mentioned by the sample were the left ankle (23.8%) and the right ankle (17.5%), followed by the lumbar column and right hip (15.9%). Regarding pain, the data are more homogeneous, with a distribution in line with functional limitations. A peak of pain was perceived in the left foot, with a mean score of 4. Cronbach's alpha showed a value of 0.85. Conclusions: The musculoskeletal health questionnaire shows promising results in evaluating the health state of a population of professional athletes. Further studies are needed to enlarge the sample and possibly open it to more categories of professional sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Galeoto
- Department Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (G.S.); (I.R.); (R.S.)
- IRCSS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Anna Berardi
- Department Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (G.S.); (I.R.); (R.S.)
- IRCSS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sellitto
- Department Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (G.S.); (I.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Ilaria Ruotolo
- Department Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (G.S.); (I.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Rachele Simeon
- Department Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (G.S.); (I.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Alessandra Carlizza
- UniCamillus, International Medical University in Rome, 00131 Rome, Italy; (K.M.V.); (A.C.)
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Robles-Palazón FJ, Comfort P, Ripley NJ, Herrington L, Bramah C, McMahon JJ. Force plate methodologies applied to injury profiling and rehabilitation in sport: A scoping review protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292487. [PMID: 37812631 PMCID: PMC10561863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal injuries are a common health problem among sporting populations. Such injuries come with a high financial burden to the involved organisations and can have a detrimental impact on the career attainment of injured individuals. Force plates are now a common tool available to sport and exercise science and medicine professionals to enable them to profile injury risk predisposition and modulate the rehabilitation process within sporting environments. This is because contemporary force plate technology is portable and affordable and often comes with software that enables the automatic and immediate feedback of test variables to key stakeholders. However, to our knowledge, to date, there has been no comprehensive review of the scientific literature pertaining to clinical applications of force plate technology. Therefore, this article presents a protocol and a methodological framework to perform a scoping review to identify and map the available scientific literature in which force plates have been applied to the injury profiling and rehabilitation of athletes. The specific aims of the scoping review are 1) to identify and describe the force plate tests, methodologies, and metrics used to screen for injury risk and guide the return of injured athletes to full-time training and competition, 2) to identify potential trends and/or differences by participants' age, sex, and/or level of performance in tests, methodologies, and metrics selected, and 3) to identify key gaps in the existing evidence base and new questions that should be addressed in future research. The global aim of the scoping review is to improve practitioner decision-making around force plate test and variable selection when applied to the injury prevention and rehabilitation of sporting populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Robles-Palazón
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paul Comfort
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Ripley
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Herrington
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Bramah
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - John J. McMahon
- Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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Williams MD, Hammond A, Moran J. Beyond athletic development: The effects of parkour-based versus conventional neuromuscular exercises in pre-adolescent basketball players. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288439. [PMID: 37437087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a parkour-based warm-up to a conventional neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up on the athletic capabilities of youth basketball players. This was examined through two arms: In Investigation 1, the aims were to measure the effects of the two warm-ups on physical measures of athletic performance in prepubescent basketball players. Using post-intervention semi-structured interviews, Investigation 2 aimed to gain insights from the players in relation to the perceived benefits of the two warm-ups. Pre-adolescent children were recruited from two youth level basketball teams. Participants from one club were randomly assigned to either a conventional NMT warm-up group or a parkour warm-up group, while a control group was formed of participants from the second club. Participants of both experimental groups were required to complete a 15-minute warm-up once per week before their regular basketball practice across 8-weeks. For both groups, the coach adopted the same pedagogical approach, utilising a guided discovery strategy. Pre-post test measures of overhead squat performance, countermovement jump, and 10-metre sprint speed were recorded in all three groups. Additionally, pre-post measures were recorded for a timed parkour-based obstacle course for the two experimental groups. No significant between-group differences were found between pre- and post-test measures. However, analysis using Cohen's d effect sizes revealed improvements in both intervention groups versus the control. Moreover, between group effect size differences were observed between the two experimental groups. Following the intervention, participants from both experimental groups were also invited to take part in a post-intervention semi-structured interview to discuss their experiences. The thematic analysis of these semi-structured interviews revealed three higher order themes: Enjoyment; Physical literacy; and Docility; of which the two former themes appear to align to constructs relating to the wider concept of physical literacy. In summary, warm-ups designed to improve athleticism can include less structured and more diverse movement skills than are typical of conventional NMT warm-ups. Specifically, we provide evidence that advocates for warm ups that include parkour-related activities alongside conventional NMT exercises to preserve physical fitness qualities and to simultaneously evoke a sense of enjoyment, fun, and purpose. The benefit of such activities may extend beyond athletic development and, more broadly, contribute to the development of physical literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark David Williams
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
- Department of Sport, Health and Wellbeing, Writtle University College, Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
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Barden DC, Thain DPK. Injury surveillance in English youth basketball: A 5-season cohort study to inform injury prevention strategies. Phys Ther Sport 2022; 58:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sacot A, López-Ros V, Prats-Puig A, Escosa J, Barretina J, Calleja-González J. Multidisciplinary Neuromuscular and Endurance Interventions on Youth Basketball Players: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9642. [PMID: 35954997 PMCID: PMC9368565 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main aims of this systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression were to describe the effect of multidisciplinary neuromuscular and endurance interventions, including plyometric training, mixed strength and conditioning, HIIT basketball programs and repeated sprint training on youth basketball players considering age, competitive level, gender and the type of the intervention performed to explore a predictive model through a meta-regression analysis. A structured search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and PICOS model in Medline (PubMed), Web of Science (WOS) and Cochrane databases. Groups of experiments were created according to neuromuscular power (vertical; NPV and horizontal; NPH) and endurance (E). Meta-analysis and sub-groups analysis were performed using a random effect model and pooled standardized mean differences (SMD). A random effects meta-regression was performed regressing SMD for the different sub-groups against percentage change for NPV and NPH. There was a significant positive overall effect of the multidisciplinary interventions on NPV, NPH and E. Sub-groups analysis indicate differences in the effects of the interventions on NPV and NPH considering age, gender, competitive level and the type of the intervention used. Considering the current data available, the meta-regression analysis suggests a good predictability of U-16 and plyometric training on jump performance. Besides, male and elite level youth basketball players had a good predictability on multidirectional speed and agility performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Sacot
- University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
- Basquet Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Víctor López-Ros
- Research Institute of Education, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Prats-Puig
- University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Jesús Escosa
- University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
- Basquet Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Barretina
- Basquet Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Julio Calleja-González
- Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Basque Country, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia
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Owoeye OBA, Neme JR, Buchanan P, Esposito F, Breitbach AP. Absence of Injury Is Not Absence of Pain: Prevalence of Preseason Musculoskeletal Pain and Associated Factors in Collegiate Soccer and Basketball Student Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159128. [PMID: 35897492 PMCID: PMC9368705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Unlike musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries, MSK pain is rarely studied in athletes. In this study, we examined the prevalence of preseason MSK pain in apparently healthy collegiate soccer and basketball players and its relationship with previous injuries (1-year history), among other factors. Ninety-seven eligible student athletes (mean age: 20.1 (SD: 1.6) years; 43% male; 53% soccer players) completed a baseline questionnaire comprising questions related to demographics, medical and 1-year injury history and any current MSK pain and the corresponding body location. The overall prevalence of preseason MSK pain was 26% (95% CI: 17–36%) and it did not differ by sex or sport. The back (6.2%) and knee (5.2%) regions were reported to be the most frequently affected body parts for preseason MSK pain. Athletes with a previous injury and with perception of incomplete healing had 3.5-fold higher odds (OR: 3.50; 95% CI: 1.28–9.36) of baseline MSK pain compared with those without a previous injury. One in four collegiate soccer and basketball players had preseason MSK pain. Collegiate sports medicine professionals should consider conducting routine preseason evaluations of MSK pain in their athletes and initiate appropriate interventions for the prevention of MSK pain and its potential consequences among athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyosi B. A. Owoeye
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jamil R. Neme
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Paula Buchanan
- Department of Health and Clinical Outcomes Research, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Flavio Esposito
- Department of Computer Science, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA;
| | - Anthony P. Breitbach
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
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The "SHRed Injuries Basketball" Neuromuscular Training Warm-up Program Reduces Ankle and Knee Injury Rates by 36% in Youth Basketball. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022; 52:40-48. [PMID: 34972488 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2022.10959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a neuromuscular training warm-up prevention program, Surveillance in High school and community sport to Reduce (SHRed) Injuries Basketball, for reducing all-complaint ankle and knee injuries in youth basketball players. DESIGN Quasi-experimental study. METHODS High school/club basketball teams (male and female players aged 11-18 years) in Calgary, Canada participated in 2016-2017 (control; season 1) and 2017-2018 (intervention; season 2). The control season included a standard-of-practice warm-up. In season 2, a SHRed Injuries Basketball coach workshop was completed by participating team coaches. Teams were randomized by school/club to an unsupervised or a supervised (weekly supervision by study personnel) implementation of the coach-delivered SHRed Injuries Basketball program. The 10-minute SHRed Injuries Basketball program included 13 exercises (ie, aerobic, agility, strength, balance). All-complaint ankle and knee injuries were collected weekly using validated injury surveillance. Multilevel, multivariable Poisson regression analyses (considering important covariates, clustering by team and individual, and offset by exposure hours) estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by intervention group (season 1 versus season 2) and secondarily considered the control versus completion of the SHRed Injuries Basketball program, unsupervised and supervised. RESULTS Sixty-three teams (n = 502 players) participated in season 1 and 31 teams (n = 307 players: 143 unsupervised, 164 supervised) participated in season 2. The SHRed Injuries Basketball program was protective against all-complaint knee and ankle injuries (IRR = 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51, 0.79). Unsupervised (IRR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.83) and supervised (IRR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.85) implementations of the SHRed Injuries Basketball program had similar protective effects. CONCLUSION The SHRed Injuries Basketball program was associated with a 36% lower rate of ankle and knee injuries. Neuromuscular training warm-ups are recommended as the minimal standard of practice for injury prevention in youth basketball. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(1):40-48. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10959.
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Rubio VJ, Olmedilla A. Gamifying App-Based Low-Intensity Psychological Interventions to Prevent Sports Injuries in Young Athletes: A Review and Some Guidelines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12997. [PMID: 34948607 PMCID: PMC8702088 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sports injuries have become a real health concern. Particularly noticeable is the increasing number of severe sports injuries among young people. Sports injury (SI) is a multifactorial event where many internal and external, proximal and remote factors play a role in a recursive way, including physical and psychological variables. Accordingly, many voices expressing the need of tackling that and several prevention programs have arisen. Nevertheless, different barriers and limitations prevent a wide extension of well-controlled programs, closely monitored by highly specialized professionals in ordinary sports grass-root organizations. These have helped flourishing different low intensity (LI)-interventions and e-Health apps focusing on both physical warmup, training and fitness, and mental skills aimed at reducing athlete's vulnerability to SIs. This kind of intervention usually uses self-administered techniques and/or non-specialized staff that can effectively monitoring the program. In fact, LI-interventions have shown to be effective coping with different health and psychological issues. However, these interventions face an important challenge: the lack of engagement people usually show. The current paper proposes how gamification can contribute to the engagement to such interventions. Based on the mechanics-dynamics-aesthetics framework to analyze game design, the paper suggests a set of guidelines app- and web-LI interventions aimed at preventing SIs should include to foster motivation and reduce attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor J. Rubio
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Universidad Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Aurelio Olmedilla
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Williams MD, Strafford BW, Stone JA, Moran J. Parkour-Based Activities in the Athletic Development of Youth Basketball Players. Front Physiol 2021; 12:771368. [PMID: 34721090 PMCID: PMC8554233 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.771368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While ideas from long-term athlete development (LTAD) models have been adopted and integrated across different sports, issues related to early specialization, such as increased risk of injury and burnout, are still common. Although some benefits may be associated with early sport specialization, sports sampling is purported to be a more effective approach to the long-term health and wellbeing of children. Furthermore, the concept of developing what are commonly referred to as "fundamental movement skills" (FMS) is central to the rationale for delaying single sports specialization. However, in place of sports sampling, it appears that the practice of strength and conditioning (S&C) has become a driving force behind developmental models for youth athletes, highlighted by the growing body of literature regarding youth athletic development training. In this perspective piece, we explore how conventional S&C practice may insufficiently develop FMS because typically, it only emphasizes a narrow range of foundational exercises that serve a limited role toward the development of action capabilities in youth athletic populations. We further discuss how this approach may limit the transferability of physical qualities, such as muscular strength, to sports-specific tasks. Through an ecological dynamics lens, and using basketball as an example, we explore the potential for parkour-based activity within the LTAD of youth basketball players. We propose parkour as a training modality to not only encourage movement diversity and adaptability, but also as part of an advanced strength training strategy for the transfer of conventional S&C training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark David Williams
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ben William Strafford
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Antony Stone
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
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Befus K, McDonough MH, Räisänen AM, Owoeye OBA, Pasanen K, Emery CA. Player adherence to SHRed injuries Basketball neuromuscular training warm‐up program: Can exercise fidelity be objectively measured? TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Befus
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Meghan H. McDonough
- Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- O’Brien Institute of Public Health University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Anu M. Räisänen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy Education College of Health Sciences – Northwest Western University of Health Sciences Lebanon Oregon USA
| | - Oluwatoyosi B. A. Owoeye
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training Doisy College of Health Sciences Saint Louis University Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine UKK Institute Tampere Finland
| | - Carolyn A. Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- O’Brien Institute of Public Health University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Pediatrics Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
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14
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The Burden and Risk Factors of Patellar and Achilles Tendinopathy in Youth Basketball: A Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189480. [PMID: 34574403 PMCID: PMC8470990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the burden and risk factors of patellar and Achilles tendinopathy among youth basketball players. Patellar and Achilles tendinopathy were prospectively monitored in 515 eligible male and female youth basketball players (11–18 years) through a competitive season. Overall, the season prevalence of patellar tendinopathy was 19.0% (95% CI: 15.7–22.7%), 23.2% (95% CI: 18.6–28.2%) in males and 12.5% (95% CI: 8.3–17.9%) in females. The season prevalence of Achilles tendinopathy was 4.3% (95% CI: 2.7–6.4%), 4.1% (95% CI: 2.2–7.0%) in males and 4.5% (95% CI: 2.1–8.4%) in females. Median proportion of symptoms duration was 83% of average total weeks of basketball exposure for patellar tendinopathy and 75% for Achilles tendinopathy. Median time to patellar tendinopathy onset was 8 weeks for male players and 6 weeks for female players. Higher odds of patellar tendinopathy risk were seen in males (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.10–4.69) and players with previous anterior knee pain had significantly elevated odds (OR: 8.5, 95% CI: 4.58–16.89). The burden and risk of patellar tendinopathy is high among competitive youth basketball players. Risk factors include sex and previous anterior knee pain. These findings provide directions for practice and future research.
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Robles-Palazón FJ, Ruiz-Pérez I, Oliver JL, Ayala F, Sainz de Baranda P. Reliability, validity, and maturation-related differences of frontal and sagittal plane landing kinematic measures during drop jump and tuck jump screening tests in male youth soccer players. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 50:206-216. [PMID: 34116405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of frontal and sagittal plane landing kinematic measures during drop jump (DVJ) and tuck jump (TJA) tasks in male youth soccer players, to assess the concurrent validity between DVJ and TJA tests, and to evaluate the ability of both tasks to detect differences between players' stage of maturation. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS 223 male youth soccer players. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Frontal plane knee projection angles (FPPA), and hip (HF), knee (KF) and ankle (AF) flexion angles at initial contact (IC) and peak flexion (PF) (i.e., the deepest landing position) in the sagittal plane were assessed. RESULTS Good-to-excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability (ICC > 0.75; TEMST < 0.3; CVTE < 5%) for the FPPA, HF and KF during DVJ and TJA tasks were found. A low concurrent validity between DVJ and TJA measures was reported. Differences by maturity status (BF10 > 10; error < 10; δ > 0.6) were only identified for the TJA. Pre-PHV group reported higher FPPA, HF-IC, HF-PF, and KF-IC values, as well as lower AF-IC than post-PHV. Pre-PHV also displayed greater HF-IC and KF-IC than circa-PHV group. CONCLUSIONS Although both tests are reliable, the TJA might be viewed as a more informative tool given it shows greater FPPA and can also detect differences by maturity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Robles-Palazón
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Iñaki Ruiz-Pérez
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jon L Oliver
- Youth Physical Development Centre, School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Francisco Ayala
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Pilar Sainz de Baranda
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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16
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Mattiussi AM, Shaw JW, Williams S, Price PD, Brown DD, Cohen DD, Clark R, Kelly S, Retter G, Pedlar C, Tallent J. Injury epidemiology in professional ballet: a five-season prospective study of 1596 medical attention injuries and 543 time-loss injuries. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:843-850. [PMID: 33837002 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the incidence rate, severity, burden and aetiology of medical attention and time-loss injuries across five consecutive seasons at a professional ballet company. METHODS Medical attention injuries, time-loss injuries and dance exposure hours of 123 professional ballet dancers (women: n=66, age: 28.0±8.3 years; men: n=57, age: 27.9±8.5 years) were prospectively recorded between the 2015/2016 and 2019/2020 seasons. RESULTS The incidence rate (per 1000 hours) of medical attention injury was 3.9 (95% CI 3.3 to 4.4) for women and 3.1 (95% CI 2.6 to 3.5) for men. The incidence rate (per 1000 hours) of time-loss injury was 1.2 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.5) for women and 1.1 (95% CI 0.9 to 1.3) for men. First Soloists and Principals experienced between 2.0-2.2 additional medical attention injuries per 1000 hours and 0.9-1.1 additional time-loss injuries per 1000 hours compared with Apprentices (p≤0.025). Further, intraseason differences were observed in medical attention, but not time-loss, injury incidence rates with the highest incidence rates in early (August and September) and late (June) season months. Thirty-five per cent of time-loss injuries resulted in over 28 days of modified dance training. A greater percentage of time-loss injuries were classified as overuse (women: 50%; men: 51%) compared with traumatic (women: 40%; men: 41%). CONCLUSION This is the first study to report the incidence rate of medical attention and time-loss injuries in professional ballet dancers. Incidence rates differed across company ranks and months, which may inform targeted injury prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Mattiussi
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK .,Ballet Healthcare, Royal Opera House, London, UK
| | - Joseph W Shaw
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK.,Ballet Healthcare, Royal Opera House, London, UK
| | | | - Phil Db Price
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Derrick D Brown
- Institute of Sport Science, Dance Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel D Cohen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Sports Science Center, Mindeportes (Colombian Ministry of Sport), Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Shane Kelly
- Ballet Healthcare, Royal Opera House, London, UK
| | - Greg Retter
- Team GB, British Olympic Association, London, UK
| | - Charles Pedlar
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jamie Tallent
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK
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Benson LC, Owoeye OBA, Räisänen AM, Stilling C, Edwards WB, Emery CA. Magnitude, Frequency, and Accumulation: Workload Among Injured and Uninjured Youth Basketball Players. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:607205. [PMID: 33889842 PMCID: PMC8056300 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.607205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Overuse injuries are common in basketball. Wearable technology enables the workload to be monitored in sport settings. However, workload-injury models lack a biological basis both in the metrics recorded and how workload is accumulated. We introduce a new metric for monitoring workload: weighted jump height, where each jump height is weighted to represent the expected effect of the jump magnitude on damage to the tendon. The objectives of this study were to use principal components analysis to identify distinct modes of variation in all workload metrics accumulated over 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks and to examine differences among the modes of variation in workload metrics between participants before the injury and uninjured participants. Forty-nine youth basketball players participated in their typical basketball practices and games, and lower extremity injuries were classified as patellar or Achilles tendinopathy, other overuse, or acute. An inertial measurement unit recorded the number and height of all jumps, and session rating of perceived exertion was recorded. The previous 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-week workloads of jump count, jump height, weighted jump height, and session rating of perceived exertion were summed for each participant-week. Principal components analysis explained the variance in the accumulated workload variables. Using the retained principal components, the difference between the workload of injured participants in the week before the injury and the mean workload of uninjured participants was described for patellar or Achilles tendinopathy, overuse lower extremity injury, and any lower extremity injury. Participants with patellar or Achilles tendinopathy and overuse lower extremity injuries had a low workload magnitude for all variables in the 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks before injury compared with the weeks before no injury. Participants with overuse lower extremity injuries and any lower extremity injury had a high previous 1-week workload for all variables along with a low previous 3- and 4-week jump count, jump height, and weighted jump height before injury compared with the weeks before no injury. Weighted jump height represents the cumulative damage experienced by tissues due to repetitive loads. Injured youth basketball athletes had a low previous 3- and 4-week workloads coupled with a high previous 1-week workload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Benson
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Oluwatoyosi B. A. Owoeye
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Anu M. Räisänen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, College of Health Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, United States
| | - Carlyn Stilling
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - W. Brent Edwards
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carolyn A. Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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