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Kornienko O, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Hernández MM, Ha T. Friendship Network and School Socialization Correlates of Adolescent Ethnic-Racial Identity Development. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02052-0. [PMID: 39023840 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Ethnic-racial identity (ERI) development is consequential for youth adjustment and includes exploration, resolution, and affect about the meaning of one's ethnic-racial group membership. Little is known about how identity-relevant experiences, such as ethnic-racial socialization and discrimination in peer relationships and school contexts, catalyze adolescent ERI development. The present study examines how identity-relevant experiences in friend and school contexts (i.e., proportion of same-ethnoracial friends, cultural socialization among friends, friends' ERI dimensions, friends' experiences of ethnoracial discrimination, and school promotion of cultural competence and critical consciousness) are associated with ERI development. A multivariate path model with a sample from four southwestern U.S. schools (N = 717; 50.5% girls; Mage = 13.76; 32% Latinx, 31.5% Multiethnic, 25.7% White, 11% other) was used to test these associations. Findings showed that friend and school predictors of ERI did not differ between early and middle adolescents, but significant differences and similarities emerged in some of these associations between ethnoracially minoritized and White youth. Specifically, friend cultural socialization was positively associated with ERI exploration for ethnoracially minoritized youth only, whereas school critical consciousness socialization was positively linked with ERI exploration only for White youth. Friend cultural socialization and friend network's levels of ERI resolution were positively associated with ERI resolution across both ethnoracial groups. These friend and school socialization associations were documented above and beyond significant contributions of personal ethnoracial discrimination to ERI exploration and negative affect for both ethnoracially minoritized and White youth. These findings expand our understanding of how friend and school socialization mechanisms are associated with adolescent ERI development, which is vital to advancing developmental theory and fostering developmental competences for youth to navigate their multicultural yet socially stratified and inequitable world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kornienko
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | | | | | - Thao Ha
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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2
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Brusco M, Steinley D, Watts AL. Improving the Walktrap Algorithm Using K-Means Clustering. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2024; 59:266-288. [PMID: 38361218 PMCID: PMC11014777 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2023.2254767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The walktrap algorithm is one of the most popular community-detection methods in psychological research. Several simulation studies have shown that it is often effective at determining the correct number of communities and assigning items to their proper community. Nevertheless, it is important to recognize that the walktrap algorithm relies on hierarchical clustering because it was originally developed for networks much larger than those encountered in psychological research. In this paper, we present and demonstrate a computational alternative to the hierarchical algorithm that is conceptually easier to understand. More importantly, we show that better solutions to the sum-of-squares optimization problem that is heuristically tackled by hierarchical clustering in the walktrap algorithm can often be obtained using exact or approximate methods for K-means clustering. Three simulation studies and analyses of empirical networks were completed to assess the impact of better sum-of-squares solutions.
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3
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Liu S, Nolin DA, Kitts JA. Name order effects in measuring adolescent social networks using rosters. SOCIAL NETWORKS 2024; 76:68-78. [PMID: 37840904 PMCID: PMC10569157 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have found order effects in social network data collection, where later names on a roster receive fewer nominations. Some thus argue for randomizing name orders or sampling peer names for survey rosters. We model order effects as biases in nomination choices and demonstrate observational and experimental methods for assessing these biases and illuminating their mechanisms. Employing these lenses, we find little evidence of order effects on eight sociometric questions in four middle school cohorts over six waves. To inform future work, we investigate aspects of the survey situation that may amplify or attenuate order effects. Analyzing these moderating forces offers guidance for detecting, understanding, and mitigating order effects in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyin Liu
- Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, 200 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA 01003-9277
| | - David A Nolin
- Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, 200 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA 01003-9277
| | - James A Kitts
- Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, 200 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA 01003-9277
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Slagter SK, Gradassi A, van Duijvenvoorde ACK, van den Bos W. Identifying who adolescents prefer as source of information within their social network. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20277. [PMID: 37985792 PMCID: PMC10662136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescents are highly influenced by their peers within their social networks. This social influence can stem from both unsolicited peer pressure and the active search for guidance. While extensive research examined the mechanisms of peer pressure, little is known about who adolescents prefer as a source of information. To address this gap, we conducted two independent studies using a novel social search paradigm that allows participants to choose which social sources they wish to observe. In both studies, adolescents demonstrated a preference for their friends over non-friends, as well as for peers who were perceived as trustworthy. Across both studies, we found mixed evidence for the role of perceived popularity as a selection criterion. Notable, study 2 revealed the significance of "cool", "admirable" and "acting mean" as additional characteristics of preferred peers, traits that are often associated with elevated peer status. It also revealed an interest for peers perceived as being smart. These findings highlight the active role adolescents have in choosing social sources and emphasize the importance of multiple peer characteristics. Future research should investigate whether adolescents' interest in these types of peers is contingent upon specific social contexts, age groups, and peer cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett K Slagter
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Gradassi
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands
| | - Anna C K van Duijvenvoorde
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter van den Bos
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Human Behavior, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Guetterman TC, James TG. A software feature for mixed methods analysis: The MAXQDA Interactive Quote Matrix. METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.metip.2023.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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Burke N, Brezack N, Woodward A. Children’s social networks in developmental psychology: A network approach to capture and describe early social environments. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1009422. [PMID: 36312073 PMCID: PMC9614093 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1009422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychologists are interested in understanding how early social environments impact children’s behavior and cognition. Early social environments are comprised of social relationships; however, there have been relatively few tools available to quantify the depth and breadth of children’s social relationships. We harnessed the power of social networks to demonstrate that networks can be used to describe children’s early social environments. Descriptive data from American children aged 6 months–5 years (n = 280; 47% female, 56% White) demonstrates that network properties can be used to provide a quantitative analysis of children’s early social environments and highlights how these environments vary across development. Social network methodology will provide researchers with a comprehensive picture of children’s early social experiences and improve studies exploring individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Burke
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Nicole Burke,
| | - Natalie Brezack
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amanda Woodward
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Palmer CA, Powell SL, Deutchman DR, Tintzman C, Poppler A, Oosterhoff B. Sleepy and Secluded: Sleep Disturbances are Associated With Connectedness in Early Adolescent Social Networks. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:756-768. [PMID: 34338382 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies in adults suggest that sleep disturbances predict poorer socioemotional skills and impaired social interactions. However, little is known regarding how sleep disturbances are associated with social processes during adolescence, a period when both sleep neurobiology and social relationships are undergoing dramatic developmental changes. The current study examined associations among sleep disturbances and peer connectedness in a sample of middle-school students (N = 213, 11-15 years old, 57% female) using a social network approach. Findings suggested that youth with greater sleep disturbances reported having fewer social connections, were rated as a social connection by fewer peers, and were less likely to have reciprocated nominations, even after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and mental health symptoms.
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Oosterhoff B, Poppler A, Palmer CA. Early Adolescents Demonstrate Peer-Network Homophily in Political Attitudes and Values. Psychol Sci 2022; 33:874-888. [PMID: 35613458 DOI: 10.1177/09567976211063912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on political homophily has almost exclusively focused on adults, and little is known about whether political homophily is present early in life when political attitudes are forming and friendship networks are rapidly changing. We examined political homophily using a social network approach with rural middle school students (N = 213; mean age = 12.5 years; 57% female) from a remote U.S. community. Preregistered analyses indicated that early adolescents were more likely to spend time with people who shared similar political attitudes and values. These effects were most consistent for right-wing authoritarianism, patriotism, and anti-immigration attitudes. Our results show that political homophily is evident at an early age when young people are forming their political beliefs and making decisions about their friendships, suggesting that peer political-attitude socialization may emerge early in life.
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Neal JW. Social development quartet: Benefits of intergroup connections: Examining associations between peer networks and academic and socio‐emotional competencies of diverse youth. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Kornienko O, Rivas‐Drake D. Adolescent intergroup connections and their developmental benefits: Exploring contributions from social network analysis. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kornienko
- Department of Psychology George Mason University Fairfax Virginia USA
| | - Deborah Rivas‐Drake
- Combined Program in Education and Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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Fotopoulou E, Zafeiropoulos A, Papavassiliou S. EmoSocio: An open access sociometry-enriched Emotional Intelligence model. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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12
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Small ML. On Mobilization. PERSONAL NETWORKS 2021:573-595. [DOI: 10.1017/9781108878296.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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13
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Xiao B, Baitz R, Onditi HZ, Sam J, Shapka JD. Cybervictimization, time spent online, and developmental trajectories of online privacy concerns among early adolescents. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hbe2.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xiao
- Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education The University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Rachel Baitz
- Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education The University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Hezron Z. Onditi
- Dar es Salaam University College of Education University of Dares Salaam Dares Salaam Tanzania
| | - Johanna Sam
- Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education The University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Jennifer D. Shapka
- Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education The University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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Oosterhoff B, Alvis L, Deutchman D, Poppler A, Palmer CA. Civic Development within the Peer Context: Associations between Early Adolescent Social Connectedness and Civic Engagement. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:1870-1883. [PMID: 34244922 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Social connectedness is theorized to contribute to civic development and in turn, civic engagement is thought to cultivate social connectedness. Little research has examined how social connectedness is linked with early adolescent civic engagement. The current study used a social network research design to examine associations between early adolescent social connectedness via their position within their peer network and their civic engagement. Middle-school students (N = 213) aged 11-15 years (M = 12.5; 57% female) were recruited from a remote US community and provided nominations for peer connections and reported on multiple aspects of civic engagement. Early adolescents who had identified more peer nominations had higher civic efficacy. Youth who had fewer connections with different peer groups and fewer connections with popular peers were more engaged in political behavior. Greater popularity was associated with higher political engagement for boys, but not girls. Greater connections with different peer groups was associated with greater environmentalism for younger but not older teens. These findings highlight the need to consider adolescent civic development within the peer context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Oosterhoff
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173440, Bozeman, MT, 59717-3440, USA.
| | - Lauren Alvis
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, West Tower, 6621 Fannin St. B.19810, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dagny Deutchman
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173440, Bozeman, MT, 59717-3440, USA
| | - Ashleigh Poppler
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173440, Bozeman, MT, 59717-3440, USA
| | - Cara A Palmer
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173440, Bozeman, MT, 59717-3440, USA
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15
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Neal JW, Veenstra R. Network selection and influence effects on children’s and adolescents’ internalizing behaviors and peer victimization: A systematic review. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2020.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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